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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonlinear suspension'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Hua, CR, Y. Zhao, ZW Lu, and H. Ouyang. "Random vibration of vehicle with hysteretic nonlinear suspension under road roughness excitation." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 2018): 168781401775122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017751222.

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The analysis of random vibration of a vehicle with hysteretic nonlinear suspension under road roughness excitation is a fundamental part of evaluation of a vehicle’s dynamic features and design of its active suspension system. The effective analysis method of random vibration of a vehicle with hysteretic suspension springs is presented based on the pseudoexcitation method and the equivalent linearisation technique. A stable and efficient iteration scheme is constructed to obtain the equivalent linearised system of the original nonlinear vehicle system. The power spectral density of the vehicle responses (vertical body acceleration, suspension working space and dynamic tyre load) at different speeds and with different nonlinear levels of hysteretic suspension springs are analysed, respectively, by the proposed method. It is concluded that hysteretic nonlinear suspensions influence the vehicle dynamic characteristic significantly; the frequency-weighted root mean square values at the front and rear suspensions and the vehicle’s centre of gravity are reduced greatly with increasing the nonlinear levels of hysteretic suspension springs, resulting in better ride comfort of the vehicle.

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2

Shannan, J. E., and M. J. Vanderploeg. "A Vehicle Handling Model With Active Suspensions." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3259009.

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This paper presents two vehicle models used to investigate the effects of active suspensions. One is a linear seven degree of freedom ride model. The second is a nonlinear ten degree of freedom ride and handling model. Full state feedback optimal control algorithms are developed for both models. The seven degree of freedom model is used to study ride effects. The active suspension substantially reduced the motion of the sprung mass. The ten degree of freedom model is used to study the effects of the active suspension on the directional response characteristics of the vehicle. The handling characteristics exhibited by the active suspension are very similar to those of the passive suspension. However, the active suspension did significantly reduce sprung mass motions during the handling maneuvers. It is then illustrated that by altering various feedback gains, active suspensions can be made to change the handling characteristics in the nonlinear range.

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3

Metwalli, S. M. "Optimum Nonlinear Suspension Systems." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 108, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3260802.

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Global optimal isolation is presented in this paper. Results indicate that to optimally isolate a system, it should be totally disconnected from the disturbance. A model is then selected to optimize nonlinear suspension systems which, in the limits, approach optimal isolation characteristics. Nondimensional design parameters that themselves are made to be dependent on the input are employed. A step disturbance is selected to equivalently represent real excitations. The objective function incorporates the tire-terrain normal force as an indicator of the vehicle controllability which is unconstrained or constrained by a comfort criterion (acceleration). The advantages of optimized realistically nonlinear systems over their linear counterparts are indicated.

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4

Wan, Yi, and Joseph M. Schimmels. "Improved Vibration Isolating Seat Suspension Designs Based on Position-Dependent Nonlinear Stiffness and Damping Characteristics." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1592189.

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The design of seat suspensions having linear stiffness and damping characteristics involves a tradeoff between three performance measures. These measures are: (1) suspension range of motion, (2) improved average vibration isolation (weighted average across a wide exposure spectrum), and (3) improved isolation at the frequency of peak transmissibility. To overcome the limitations associated with this tradeoff, nonlinear mechanical properties are used here in the design of a seat suspension. From the infinite number of possible nonlinear mechanical characteristics, several possibilities that showed promise in previous studies were selected. The selected nonlinear force-deflection relationship (stiffness) of the seat is described by a combination of cubic and linear terms. The selected damping behavior of the seat is described by a combination of a linear term and a position-dependent term. A lumped parameter model (linear-human/nonlinear-seat) of the human/seat-suspension coupled system and a robust direct search routine are used to obtain pseudo-optimal values of the seat design parameters (mass, stiffness, and damping) via simulation in the time domain. Results indicate that the optimal nonlinear seat suspension is significantly better than the optimal linear seat suspension in overall vibration isolation characteristics.

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5

Dahunsi, Olurotimi Akintunde, and Jimoh Olarewaju Pedro. "Nonlinear Active Vehicle Suspension Controller Design using PID Reference Tracking." Journal of the Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers 3, no. 3 (July 25, 2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jiiae.3.111.

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6

Hanafi, Dirman, Mohamad Fauzi Zakaria, Rosli Omar, M. Nor M. Than, M. Fua'ad Rahmat, and Rozaimi Ghazali. "Neuro Model Approach for a Quarter Car Passive Suspension Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 775 (July 2015): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.775.103.

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The road handling, load carrying and passenger comfort are three intension factors on car suspension’s system. They should be compromised to achieve the good the car suspension dynamics. To fulfill the requirement, the car suspension system must be controlled and analyzed. To design and analyze the suspension controller, the realistic dynamics model of car suspension is needed. In this paper, the car suspension is assumed as a quarter car and has a model structure as a neural network structure. The model is assumed consist of nonlinear properties that are contributed by spring stiffness and damping elements of suspension system. The tire is assumed has linear properties and represented by spring stiffness element and damping element. The model responses are generated in simulation term. The random type of artificial road surface signal as an input variable is used in this simulation. The results show that the trend of neuro model have the same with the response of a quarter car nonlinear model from dynamic derivation. It means that the developed neuro model structure capable to represent the nonlinear model of a quarter car passive suspension system dynamics.

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7

Zhu, Zhi Wen, Chang Wei Sui, and Jia Xu. "Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Semi-Active Suspension System with SMA Spring Based on Hysteretic Nonlinear Theory." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.265.

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In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of vehicle semi-active suspension system with SMA spring were studied in hysteretic nonlinear theory. SMA spring was applied in semi-active suspension system to control vibration. Von del Pol hysteretic cycle model were introduced to set up a new kind of continuous SMA strain-stress model, based on which the nonlinear dynamic model of vehicle semi-active suspension system with SMA spring was developed. The first-order nonlinear approximate solution of suspension system was obtained, the stability and bifurcation characteristic of suspension system were analyzed. The result of analysis shows that the nonlinear stiffness parameters can not cause the bifurcation of suspension system, and the qualitative change of the dynamic characteristic of suspension system has relationship with the nonlinear damping parameters. Finally, the result of analysis was proved by simulation.

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8

Buckner, Gregory D., Karl T. Schuetze, and Joe H. Beno. "Intelligent Feedback Linearization for Active Vehicle Suspension Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 4 (July 3, 2000): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1408945.

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Effective control of ride quality and handling performance are challenges for active vehicle suspension systems, particularly for off-road applications. Off-road vehicles experience large suspension displacements, where the nonlinear kinematics and damping characteristics of suspension elements are significant. These nonlinearities tend to degrade the performance of active suspension systems, introducing harshness to the ride quality and reducing off-road mobility. Typical control strategies rely on linear, time-invariant models of the suspension dynamics. While these models are convenient, nominally accurate, and tractable due to the abundance of linear control techniques, they neglect the nonlinearities and time-varying dynamics present in real suspension systems. One approach to improving the effectiveness of active vehicle suspension systems, while preserving the benefits of linear control techniques, is to identify and cancel these nonlinearities using Feedback Linearization. In this paper the authors demonstrate an intelligent parameter estimation approach using structured artificial neural networks that continually “learns” the nonlinear parameter variations of a quarter-car suspension model. This estimation algorithm becomes the foundation for an Intelligent Feedback Linearization (IFL) controller for active vehicle suspensions. Results are presented for computer simulations, real-time experimental tests, and field evaluations using an off-road vehicle (a military HMMWV). Experimental results for a quarter-car test rig demonstrate 60% improvements in ride quality relative to baseline (non-adapting) control algorithms. Field trial results reveal 95% reductions in absorbed power and 65% reductions in peak sprung mass acceleration using this IFL approach versus conventional passive suspensions.

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9

Malík, Josef. "Nonlinear models of suspension bridges." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 321, no. 2 (September 2006): 828–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.08.080.

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10

Hassanzadeh, Iraj, Ghasem Alizadeh, Naser Pourqorban Shirjoposht, and Farzad Hashemzadeh. "A New Optimal Nonlinear Approach to Half Car Active Suspension Control." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2010): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2010.v2.104.

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11

Guo, D. L., H. Y. Hu, and J. Q. Yi. "Neural Network Control for a Semi-Active Vehicle Suspension with a Magnetorheological Damper." Journal of Vibration and Control 10, no. 3 (March 2004): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546304038968.

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Semi-active vehicle suspension with magnetorheological dampers is a promising technology for improving the ride comfort of a ground vehicle. However, the magnetorheological damper always exhibits nonlinear hysteresis between its output force and relative velocity, and additional nonlinear stiffness owing to the state transition from liquid to semi-solid or solid, so that the semi-active suspension with magnetorheological dampers features nonlinearity by nature. To control such nonlinear dynamic systems subject to random road roughness, in this paper we present a neural network control, which includes an error back propagation algorithm with quadratic momentum of the multilayer forward neural networks. Both the low frequency of road-induced vibration of the vehicle body and the fast response of the magnetorheological damper enable the neural network control to work effectively on-line. The numerical simulations and an experiment for a quarter-car model indicate that the semi-active suspension with a magnetorheological damper and neural network control is superior to the passive suspensions in a range of low frequency.

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12

Yin, Weitan, Juyue Ding, and Yi Qiu. "Nonlinear Dynamic Modelling of a Suspension Seat for Predicting the Vertical Seat Transmissibility." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (December 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3026108.

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Suspension seats are widely used in heavy vehicles to reduce vibration transmitted to human body and promote ride comfort. Previous studies have shown that the dynamics of the suspension seat exhibits nonlinear behaviour with changed vibration magnitudes. Despite various linear seat models developed in the past, a nonlinear model of the suspension seat capturing the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of the seat suspension and cushion has not been developed for the prediction of the seat transmissibility. This paper proposes a nonlinear lumped parameter model of the suspension seat to predict the nonlinear dynamic response of the seat. The suspension seat model comprises of a nonlinear suspension submodel integrated with a nonlinear cushion submodel. The parameters of the submodels are determined by minimizing the error between the simulated and the measured transmissibility of the suspension mechanism and the force-deflection curve of the seat cushion, respectively. The model of the complete seat is then validated using the seat transmissibility measured with inert mass under vertical vibration excitation. The results show that the proposed suspension seat model can be used to predict the seat transmissibility with various excitation magnitudes.

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13

Ji, Peng, Hui Jun Jia, and Shuang Sheng Feng. "Influence of Suspension Nonlinear Hysteretic Characteristic on Handling Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1978.

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Suspension stiffness is influenced by the nonlinear hysteretic characteristic, which has effect on vehicle handling performance. In this paper, the effect of suspension nonlinear hysteretic characteristic is analyzed and described and the effect of characteristic on suspension stiffness and handling performance is indicated by simulating results. Due to suspension stiffness is smaller than nominal stiffness with suspension travel which described by nonlinear hysteretic characteristic model, handling performance is obtained accurately.

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14

Pazooki, Alireza, Avesta Goodarzi, Amir Khajepour, Amir Soltani, and Claude Porlier. "A novel approach for the design and analysis of nonlinear dampers for automotive suspensions." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 14 (March 28, 2017): 3132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317701011.

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This paper proposes an analytical technique for frequency analysis and the design of nonlinear dampers to further improve ride dynamics performance of vehicle suspensions over a wide range of excitation frequencies. Using the energy balance method (EBM), the proposed methodology estimates the equivalent linear damping coefficient of any nonlinear passive damper whose force is a general function of the damper’s relative displacement and relative velocity. Knowing the equivalent linear damping coefficient makes it possible to perform a frequency analysis of the suspension ride performance with any nonlinear damper. Some specific criteria are defined to design the desired form of equivalent linear damping coefficient which provides a high/small damping ratio at low-/high-frequency excitations, so the corresponding nonlinear damping force required to obtain improved ride performance of the suspension using a 1-degree-of-freedom quarter car model is also defined. A sensitivity analysis is then performed to provide a design guideline. The results show that the dependency of the equivalent damping coefficient either relative to the velocity of the suspension (velocity-dependent damper) or the relative displacement of the suspension (position-dependent damper) could provide a variable damping ratio leading to better vibration isolation over the excitation frequency. A noticeable ride dynamic performance can be reached over the entire range of the excitation frequency by designing a nonlinear damper such that its equivalent linear damping ratio becomes a desired function of both its relative displacement and relative velocity (position-velocity-dependent damper).

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15

Liu, Gang, Si Zhong Chen, and Hong Bin Ren. "Matching Analysis on Main Parameter for the Shock Absorber Development Process." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.393.

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Considering nonlinear characteristics of springiness and damping element, the quarter-car suspension nonlinear dynamic model is established with ADAMS. The simulation model of suspension established, and the simulation curve of nonlinear suspension is gotten by using the numerical simulation methods. The target parameters of the piecewise linear three stage control mode of the shock absorber are studied under the different random road excitation, it would provide the theoretical basic for the nonlinear damping matching of the vehicle suspension system.

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16

Cheng, Zhongli, Zonghua Li, and Fanqing Kong. "Statistical Linearization of Nonlinear Stiffness in Hydropneumatic Suspension." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815304006.

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Hydropneumatic springs are the elastic components of a vehicle’s suspension. As the nonlinear characteristic of the spring is difficult to express accurately, the statistical linearization method is introduced to analyze the dynamic response of the hydropneumatic spring. The nonlinear stiffness of a hydropneumatic spring is approximated by a quadratic polynomial at the static equilibrium position. Parameters of the hydropneumatic spring, road roughness and vehicle velocity are provided and analytical functions for equivalent stiffness and the dynamic equilibrium position are worked out in this paper. The analytical functions are validated through numerical simulation and are shown to be more accurate than those validated by existing methods. The method proposed here could be used in the design and analysis of hydropneumatic suspensions in future.

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17

Moran, Antonio, Tomohiro Hasegawa, and Masao Nagai. "Integration of Bilinear Systems and Neural Networks for Designing Nonlinear Semi-Active Suspensions." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 4 (August 20, 1995): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0295.

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This paper presents a new design method of semi-active suspensions based on the integration of neural networks and bilinear systems. It is known that semi-active suspensions with ideal linear components have a bilinear structure. However actual semi-active suspensions with nonlinear components have an structure which is not purely bilinear. In order to improve the performance of semi-active suspensions, neural networks and bilinear systems are integrated and used for the identification and optimal control of nonlinear semi-active suspensions. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are analyzed and verified theoretically and experimentally using a semi-active suspension model equipped with piezoelectric actuators.

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18

Song, Xubin, Mehdi Ahmadian, and Steve Southward. "Analysis and Strategy for Superharmonics With Semiactive Suspension Control Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 6 (January 19, 2007): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789470.

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This paper focuses on an experimental implementation of a semiactive seat suspension using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. We first introduce the nonlinear dynamics phenomena induced by skyhook control. Skyhook control has been widely applied to applications ranging from structural vibration suppression to commercialized vehicle suspensions. Unfortunately, skyhook control generates superharmonic dynamics; yet, this issue has not been clearly addressed in such vibration control systems. This paper will attempt to explain how superharmonics are created with skyhook controls through analysis of test data. Furthermore, a nonlinear model-based adaptive control algorithm is developed and evaluated for reducing the negative impact of the superharmonics. Based on an empirical MR damper model, the adaptive algorithm is expanded mathematically, and the system stability is discussed. Then in the following sections, this paper describes implementation procedures such as modeling simplification and validation, and testing results. Through the laboratory testing, the adaptive suspension is compared to two passive suspensions: hard-damping (stiff) suspension with a maximum current of 1A to the MR damper and low-damping (soft) suspension with a low current of 0A, while broadband random excitations are applied with respect to the seat suspension resonant frequency in order to test the adaptability of the adaptive control. In two separate studies, both mass and spring rate are assumed known and unknown in order to investigate the capability of the adaptive algorithm with the simplified model. Finally, the comparison of test results is presented to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed adaptive algorithm to eliminate the superharmonics from the MR seat suspension response.

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19

Özcan, Dinçer, Ümit Sönmez, and Levent Güvenç. "Optimisation of the Nonlinear Suspension Characteristics of a Light Commercial Vehicle." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2013 (February 18, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/562424.

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The optimum functional characteristics of suspension components, namely, linear/nonlinear spring and nonlinear damper characteristic functions are determined using simple lumped parameter models. A quarter car model is used to represent the front independent suspension, and a half car model is used to represent the rear solid axle suspension of a light commercial vehicle. The functional shapes of the suspension characteristics used in the optimisation process are based on typical shapes supplied by a car manufacturer. The complexity of a nonlinear function optimisation problem is reduced by scaling it up or down from the aforementioned shape in the optimisation process. The nonlinear optimised suspension characteristics are first obtained using lower complexity lumped parameter models. Then, the performance of the optimised suspension units are verified using the higher fidelity and more realistic Carmaker model. An interactive software module is developed to ease the nonlinear suspension optimisation process using the Matlab Graphical User Interface tool.

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20

Wang, Xiao Guang, Bin Mei, Feng Sha, and Xin Zhou. "Influence of Suspension Mass Variation on Dynamic Characteristic of Magnetic Suspension System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 150 (January 2012): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.150.63.

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Magnetic suspension system is nonlinear and unstable essentially. It is according to the principle of nonlinear system having same topological structure near the operation point with the linear system that linear control arithmetic for a nonlinear system is adopted. The system is easy to lose stabilize and diverge when subjected to interference or system parameters variation. Suspension mass is a key parameter of a magnetic suspension system and suspension mass variation has great influence on the dynamic characteristic of a magnetic suspension system. The influence of suspension mass variation on the dynamic characteristic of a magnetic suspension system under the PID control condition is discussed. The relationship between dynamic characteristic and structure as well as control parameters of the magnetic suspension system is reached by means of experimental method.

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21

Li, Yinong, Ling Zheng, Yixiao Liang, and Yinghong Yu. "Adaptive compensation control of an electromagnetic active suspension system based on nonlinear characteristics of the linear motor." Journal of Vibration and Control 26, no. 21-22 (February 20, 2020): 1873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546320909985.

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With the electrification and intellectualization of vehicle systems, electromagnetic active suspension has been paid more and more attention. Linear motor is one of the effective actuators of the electromagnetic active suspension system. The nonlinear factors of linear motor, such as nonlinear friction force and ripple force, as well as power limit and magnetic saturation, will reduce the performance of electromagnetic active suspension. However, the current research rarely considers the effect of these nonlinear factors on active suspension control. In this article, the effect of nonlinearities of linear motors on electromagnetic active suspension performance and the ways to improve their performance are studied. An adaptive filtering compensation method is proposed to reduce the influence of nonlinear factors on the electromagnetic active suspension control. According to the simulated calculations, performance degradation of the active suspension is observed in both the primary control objective and high-frequency range due to inherent disturbance from the nonlinear factors. Also, the electromagnetic nonlinearities will reduce the active suspension effective force output. By proposing an adaptive compensator based on the filtered-x recursive least squares algorithm, the first-order resonance of the suspension system could be controlled and the electromagnetic active suspension effective force could be magnified. Also, convergence of the adaptive compensator is found to be rapid and reasonable.

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22

Zhu, Yue, and Sihong Zhu. "Nonlinear Time-Delay Suspension Adaptive Neural Network Active Control." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/765871.

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Considering the time-delay in control input channel and the nonlinear spring stiffness characteristics of suspension, a quarter-vehicle magneto rheological active suspension nonlinear model with time-delay is established in this paper. Based on the time-delay nonlinear model, an adaptive neural network structure for magneto rheological active suspension is presented. By recognizing and training the adaptive neural network, the adaptive neural network active suspension controller is obtained. Simulation results show that the presented method can guarantee that the quarter-vehicle magneto rheological active suspension system has satisfying performance on the E_level very poor ground.

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23

Milgrom, Mordehai. "Suspension and levitation in nonlinear theories." Physics Letters A 243, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00166-2.

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24

McKenna, P. J., and W. Walter. "Nonlinear oscillations in a suspension bridge." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 98, no. 2 (June 1987): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00251232.

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25

Malík, Josef. "Generalized nonlinear models of suspension bridges." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 324, no. 2 (December 2006): 1288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.01.003.

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26

PARTHASARATHY, M., K. H. AHN, B. M. BELONGIA, and D. J. KLINGENBERG. "THE ROLE OF SUSPENSION STRUCTURE IN THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 08, no. 20n21 (September 1994): 2789–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979294001135.

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The dynamic response of electrorheological (ER) suspensions has received little attention relative to the effort devoted to the study of the steady shear response. We report on simulation and experimental investigations of the dynamic oscillatory response of ER suspensions, in particular focusing on the relationship between suspension structure and the rheological response. We consider the response of monodisperse and polydisperse suspensions under linear deformation, as well as the response in the nonlinear regime. Dimensional analysis of the equations of motion predict that the linear rheological response obeys a time-field strength superposition principle, which is confirmed by experiment. The response is found to exhibit a sharp dispersion that is only broadened slightly by polydispersity. Nonlinear deformation is found to significantly broaden the observed dispersion.

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27

Yang, Fuxing, Leilei Zhao, Yuewei Yu, and Changcheng Zhou. "Matching, Stability, and Vibration Analysis of Nonlinear Suspension System for Truck Cabs." Shock and Vibration 2019 (October 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1490980.

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To improve comfort, a nonlinear suspension system is proposed on the basis of the nonlinear vibration isolation theory and the installation space of the cab suspension system for trucks. This system is suitable for all-floating cabs. For easy matching and design, the static and stability characteristics of the suspension system were analyzed, respectively, and the boundary condition for the stability of the system was given. Moreover, the cab simulation model was established, and the dynamic simulation was conducted. The stability analysis shows that the smaller the vibration excitation of the cab system, the higher its stability is. The dynamic simulation results show that the acceleration of the cab with the nonlinear suspension system is effectively suppressed; the dynamic deflection of the suspension is kept within a certain range, and the design space of the suspension stroke can be effectively utilized. Compared with the traditional linear suspension system, the nonlinear suspension system has better vibration isolation characteristics and can effectively improve ride comfort.

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28

Fei, Jun Tao, and Jing Xu. "Dynamical Modeling and Neural Network Adaptive Control of Vehicle Suspension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.516.

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This paper attempts to establish the vibration control technology based on neural network control. First, the dynamic model of vehicle suspension system is discussed, and the linear passive suspension model and nonlinear spring suspension model of the vertical acceleration are compared. It is shown that the performance of nonlinear spring suspension is better than that of the linear passive suspension model. Because of the great advantages of the neural network in dealing with the nonlinear property, secondly, model reference neural control module is introduced in the suspension system to realize the optimization of the body vertical acceleration. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the neural network adaptive controller with application to vehicle suspension.

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29

Rui, Bai. "Nonlinear adaptive sliding-mode control of the electronically controlled air suspension system." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 172988141988152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419881527.

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Recent years, electronically controlled air suspension has been widely used in vehicles to improve the riding comfort and the road holding ability. This article presents a new nonlinear adaptive sliding-mode control method for electronically controlled air suspension. A nonlinear dynamical model of electronically controlled air suspension is established, where the nonlinear dynamical characteristic of the air spring is considered. Based on the proposed nonlinear dynamic model, an adaptive sliding-mode control method is presented to stabilize the displacement of electronically controlled air suspension in the presence of parameter uncertainties. Parameter adaptive laws are designed to estimate the unknown parameters in electronically controlled air suspension. Stability analysis of the proposed nonlinear adaptive sliding-mode control method is given using Lyapunov stability theory. At last, the reliability of the proposed control method is evaluated by the computer simulation. Simulation research shows that the proposed control method can obtain the satisfactory control performance for electronically controlled air suspension.

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30

Wang, Dazhuang, Dingxuan Zhao, Mingde Gong, and Bin Yang. "Nonlinear Predictive Sliding Mode Control for Active Suspension System." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8194305.

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An active suspension system is important in meeting the requirements of the ride comfort and handling stability for vehicles. In this work, a nonlinear model of active suspension system and a corresponding nonlinear robust predictive sliding mode control are established for the control problem of active suspension. Firstly, a seven-degree-of-freedom active suspension model is established considering the nonlinear effects of springs and dampers; and secondly, the dynamic model is expanded in the time domain, and the corresponding predictive sliding mode control is established. The uncertainties in the controller are approximated by the fuzzy logic system, and the adaptive controller reduces the approximation error to increase the robustness of the control system. Finally, the simulation results show that the ride comfort and handling stability performance of the active suspension system is better than that of the passive suspension system and the Skyhook active suspension. Thus, the system can obviously improve the shock absorption performance of vehicles.

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31

TAO, R. "THE PHYSICAL MECHANISM TO REDUCE VISCOSITY OF LIQUID SUSPENSIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 28n29 (November 10, 2007): 4767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207045645.

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Reducing the viscosity of liquid suspensions is vital in science and engineering. This paper explores the physical mechanism for the viscosity reduction method in liquid suspension by pulsed electric or magnetic field. The key is that the maximum volume fraction to be available for the suspended particles in the suspension increases with the particle size and the polydispersity in the particle size distribution. Positive experimental results with various liquid suspensions indicate that this method, developed from the basic mechanism of viscosity, is universal and powerful for all liquid suspensions with broad applications.

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32

Zhang, Yu Lin. "Sliding Mode Control for Magneto-Rheological Vehicle Suspension Accounting for its Nonlinearity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1072.

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The non-linear characteristics of magneto-rheological (MR) suspension systems have limited control performance of modern control theory based on linear feedback control. In this paper, a four DOF half car suspension model with two nonlinear MR dampers is adopted. In order to account for the nonlinearity, a sliding mode controller, which has inherent robustness against system nonlinearity, is formulated to improve comfort and road holding of the car under industrial specifications and it is fit to semi-active suspensions. The numerical result shows that the semi-active suspension using the sliding mode controller can achieve better ride comfort than the passive and also improve stability.

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ZHANG, JIANCHAO, Zhan Chen, Jun Wang, and Yufei Hu. "DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-SMOOTH SUSPENSION SYSTEM UNDER FRACTIONAL-ORDER DISPLACEMENT FEEDBACK." DYNA 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10125.

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Vehicle suspension systems generally have non-smooth factors, such as clearances, collision, and constraint. The bad dynamic behaviors caused by these non-smooth factors have not been controlled effectively, thus influencing the driving performance and riding comfort of vehicles. To explore the dynamic characteristics of non-smooth suspension systems for controlling the bad dynamic behaviors, an approximate analytical solution to the response of a two-degree of freedom nonlinear suspension system, which has a fractional-order displacement feedback under harmonic excitation, was deduced by the Krylov–Bogoliubov (KB) method. This analytical solution was verified by the numerical solution of the suspension system. Moreover, the response of the suspension system with fractional-order displacement feedback control was compared with those of the systems without feedback control and traditional integer-order control. The influences of the main parameters of the system on the dynamic suspension characteristics were analyzed thoroughly. Finally, the stability of the suspension system was analyzed by plotting the maximum Lyapunov index diagram. Results show that compared with the systems without feedback control and with traditional integer-order control, the nonlinear suspension system with fractional-order displacement feedback control can significantly improve vehicle acceleration, the dynamic deflection of the suspension, and the displacement of the vehicle body. Controlling the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the suspension system within 103–106 is conducive to decreasing the dynamic deflection of the suspension system of vehicles, while increasing the fractional-order control coefficient and the fractional order is beneficial to controlling the dynamic deflection of the suspension system and the displacement of the vehicle body. Conclusions obtained in the study can provide unique references for the optimal design and control of nonlinear suspension systems with fractional-order displacement feedback control. Keywords: suspension; non-smooth; fractional order; dynamics; analytical solution; nonlinear.

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Zhao, Zi Yue, Zhi Hong Fan, Jing Jun Zhang, and Zi Qiang Xia. "Research on Ride Comfort of Nonlinear Vehicle Suspension." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.443.

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In this paper, in order to study the effect of nonlinear suspension system, a nonlinear dynamic model considering nonlinearity of suspension is built and another model with the respective of linear suspension system is developed which is for comparison. Then the dynamic equation of the model is set up. The simulation is accomplished through MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is found that the band-limited white noise module can simulate the power spectral density of road surface well. Finally, numerical simulation results indicates that an appropriate nonlinear suspension model fits reality better than a linear one and using relative control can provide the best ride comfort.

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Wang, Jing Yue, Hao Tian Wang, and Li Min Zheng. "Chaos Control of Vehicle Nonlinear Suspension System with Multi-Frequency Excitations by Nonlinear Feedback." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1156.

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Vehicle suspension system with hysteretic nonlinearity has obvious nonlinear characteristics, which directly cause the system to the possibility of existence of bifurcation and chaos. Two degrees of freedom for the 1/4 body suspension model is established and the behavior of the system under road multi-frequency excitations is analyzed. In the paper, it reveals the existence of chaos in the system with the Poincaré map, phase diagram, time history graph, and its chaotic behavior is controlled by nonlinear feedback. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the control method with improved ride comfort. The results may supply theoretical bases for the analysis and optimal design of the vehicle suspension system.

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Xing, Bang Sheng, Ning Ning Wang, and Le Xu. "Study on Nonlinear Damping Properties of Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension System for XP302-Pneumatic Tyred Roller." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.987.

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The nonlinear stiffness and damping properties of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system are introduced, and the nonlinear mathematical model of it is established. Using MATLAB 2009b to establish the computer simulation program and draw out the nonlinear stiffness curve and damping properties curve of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system. Then, researching the influences of related parameters' changes on the nonlinear stiffness and damping properties of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system. The simulation of vehicle dynamic performance research's foundation is provided.

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Zhu, Yancong, Weisheng Jiang, and Ruiya Qi. "Research on Finite Element Structure of Vehicle Suspension Control Arm Based on Neural Network Sensing Control." Journal of Sensors 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2897065.

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To improve the adaptive control of the neural network under the influence of vehicle suspension control, the neural network control method is proposed. The specific content of the method analyzes the nonlinear properties of vehicle suspensions, proposes neural network-based adaptive control strategies, and develops neural network-based nonlinear algorithms and neural identifiers. Genetic algorithms perform predictive control of rear suspension through a compensation network. The experimental results show that the model structure is order n = m = 2 , the AN1 network node is 4-6-1, the AN2 network node is 5-4-1, the AN3 network node is 6-4-1, and the learning correction rate is α = 0.90 . In the actual simulation calculation, the number of nodes in the hidden layer of the network is increased, and the minimum number of nodes is chosen to determine the structure of the network, since the control effect obtained is not fundamentally changed. The suspension, which is controlled by the neural network’s adaptive control, has a vibration-reducing effect and is more effective by increasing the control of the rear suspension. The neural network has been shown to be able to effectively control the vehicle’s control arm.

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Ji, Jie, Yun Wu Li, and Jin Dou Zhao. "Reverse Analysis for Determining the Stiffness Characteristics of Suspension Spring with Variable Pitch and Wire Diameter." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.783.

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A reverse analysis method for determining the stiffness characteristics of nonlinear suspension spring with variable pitch and wire diameter is developed by introducing the ideas of dispersion. Meanwhile, the reverse analysis of a nonlinear suspension spring used in truck is completed as an example, and the progressive force-displacement curves obtained by theoretical and experimental analysis are compared in order to verify the validity of the reverse analysis method used for nonlinear suspension spring.

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Liu, Canchang, Chicheng Ma, Jilei Zhou, Lu Liu, Shuchang Yue, and Qingmei Gong. "Feedback control for two-degree-of-freedom vibration system with fractional-order derivative damping." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348417725958.

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A two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibration system of a quarter vehicle suspension system is studied by using the feedback control method considered the fractional-order derivative damping. The nonlinear dynamic model of two-degree-of-freedom vehicle suspension system is built and linear velocity and displacement controllers are used to control the nonlinear vibration of the vehicle suspension system. A case of the 1:1 internal resonance is considered. The amplitude–frequency response is obtained with the multiscale method. The asymptotic stability conditions of the nonlinear system can be gotten by using the Routh–Hurwitz criterion and the ranges of control parameters are gained in the condition of stable solutions to the system. The simulation results show that the feedback control can effectively reduce the amplitude of primary resonance, weaken or even eliminate the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the suspension system. Fractional orders have an impact on control performance, which should be considered in the control problem. The study will provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimal design of the vehicle suspension system.

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Fan, Yang, Zhi Guo Jiang, and Lu Feng Yao. "Large Nonlinear Optical Absorption Response in Monolayer Graphene and Graphene Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.768.

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Nonlinear absorption of monolayer graphene and graphene oxide suspensions were studied in the wavelength of 800 nm by Z-scan method with 50fs pulses. Large reverse saturable absorption is observed in graphene, while graphene oxide shows saturable absorption at the incident intensity of 46 GW/cm2. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficient also have been determined from the experimental data. The NLA coefficient β of the monolayer graphene suspension is 1.96×10-2cm/GW,while the NLA coeffiecient β of graphene oxide is-6.84×10-3cm/GW.

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Liu, Xiaofu, Jason Z. Jiang, Andrew Harrison, and Xiaoxiang Na. "Truck suspension incorporating inerters to minimise road damage." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (April 6, 2020): 2693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020905149.

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Road damage caused by heavy vehicles is a serious problem experienced worldwide. This paper investigates the potential for reduction in road damage by incorporating the inerter element into truck suspension systems. Initially, quarter-car, pitch-plane and roll-plane models with two low-complexity inerter-based linear suspension layouts are investigated in the frequency domain. Reductions of the J95 road damage index for each model are identified against conventional parallel spring–damper truck suspension layouts. It is also shown that the proposed suspensions are capable of enhancing the roll stability while keeping the road damage at a given level. Subsequently, the nonlinear relationship between force and displacement as manifested by leaf springs is incorporated into the pitch-plane and roll-plane time-domain models. These confirm the potential advantage of inerter-based suspension layouts for road damage reduction.

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Chen, Jian Guo, Xia Feng, and Xiao Ling Zhang. "A Vibration Attenuation Control Algorithm of Half Vehicle Using Active Suspension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.14.

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Vehicle suspension is a MIMO coupling nonlinear system; its vibration couples that of the tires. For the suspension without decoupling, the vibration attenuation is difficult to be controlled precisely. In order to attenuate the vibration of the vehicle effectively, a nonlinear half vehicle model with active suspension is established and a differential geometry approach is used to decouple the nonlinear suspension system. The decoupled system becomes independent linear subsystems, though pole assignment, the vibration attenuation of the sprung mass is achieved. The simulations show that the vertical and the pitching motion of the sprung mass are attenuated greatly, which indicates that the control algorithm is effective.

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Peng Ji, Yanqun Lu, and Xiangzhou Zhang. "Analysis of Suspension Nonlinear Hysteretic Load Characteristic." International Journal of Advancements in Computing Technology 4, no. 22 (December 31, 2012): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijact.vol4.issue22.17.

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AOKI, Takashi, Chiaki ISHII, Ken'ichi KOSEKI, and Takeshi AMARI. "Nonlinear Rheological Properties of Metal Powder Suspension." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 71, no. 9 (1998): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.71.548.

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De Miras, Jérôme, Ali Charara, and Bernard Caron. "Nonlinear Sliding-Mode Control of Electromagnetic Suspension." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 1 (June 1996): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57705-8.

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46

Ohsaku, S. "Nonlinear H∞ control for semi-active suspension." JSAE Review 20, no. 4 (October 1999): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0389-4304(99)00053-3.

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Allamraju, K. Viswanath. "Nonlinear Behavior Of Quarter Locomotive Suspension System." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 4887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.065.

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Su, Xiaojie, Xiaozhan Yang, Peng Shi, and Ligang Wu. "Fuzzy control of nonlinear electromagnetic suspension systems." Mechatronics 24, no. 4 (June 2014): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.08.002.

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Yao, Jun, Jin Qiu Zhang, Ming Mei Zhao, and Zi Jian Wei. "Analysis of dynamic stability of nonlinear suspension." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 2018): 168781401876664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018766648.

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Dafeng, Jin, Chen Zhilin, Zhao Liuqi, and Li Shun. "Nonlinear Control of Hydro-Pneumatic Active Suspension." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 13 (September 2004): 1413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)31426-x.

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