Journal articles: 'Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis'

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Somwanshi, Mrs Ramatai. "Estimation of Nonlinear Static Damage Index for Seismic Assessment." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 3688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37069.

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The main objective of this study is, evaluation damage index of reinforced concrete moment resisting frames by” NONLINEAR STATIC PROCEDURE” nonlinear static analysis includes the capacity spectrum method (CSM) that uses the intersection of the capacity (pushover) curve and a reduced response spectrum to estimate maximum displacement in terms of damage of building. Nonlinear static procedure is simple and practical method for static damage index. For this purpose, first some functions are derived to estimate damage to the structure using pushover analysis and then designed procedure is proposed. In this study damage function is estimated by using correlation between park-ang damage index (NLDD) and nonlinear static damage index (NLSD) which is based on the pushover analysis. For this purpose dynamic and static damage damage analysis are performed on several concrete frames subjected to various earthquake acceleration records. So the detail explanation is found in this study.

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Sheth, Rutvik, Jayesh Prajapati, and Devesh Soni. "Comparative study nonlinear static pushover analysis and displacement based adaptive pushover analysis method." International Journal of Structural Engineering 9, no. 1 (2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstructe.2018.090753.

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Soni, Devesh, Jayesh Prajapati, and Rutvik Sheth. "Comparative study of nonlinear static pushover analysis and displacement based adaptive pushover analysis method." International Journal of Structural Engineering 9, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstructe.2018.10009092.

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Zheng, Zhi, Changhai Zhai, Xu Bao, and Xiaolan Pan. "Seismic capacity estimation of a reinforced concrete containment building considering bidirectional cyclic effect." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 5 (October 25, 2018): 1106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218806034.

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This study serves to estimate the seismic capacity of the reinforced concrete containment building considering its bidirectional cyclic effect and variations of energy. The implementation of the capacity estimation has been performed by extending two well-known methods: nonlinear static pushover and incremental dynamic analysis. The displacement and dissipated energy demands are obtained from the static pushover analysis considering bidirectional cyclic effect. In total, 18 bidirectional earthquake intensity parameters are developed to perform the incremental dynamic analysis for the reinforced concrete containment building. Results show that the bidirectional static pushover analysis tends to decrease the capacity of the reinforced concrete containment building in comparison with unidirectional static pushover analysis. The 5% damped first-mode geometric mean spectral acceleration strongly correlates with the maximum top displacement of the containment building. The comparison of the incremental dynamic analysis and static pushover curves is employed to determine the seismic capacity of the reinforced concrete containment building. It is concluded that bidirectional static pushover and incremental dynamic analysis studies can be used in performance evaluation and capacity estimation of reinforced concrete containment buildings under bidirectional earthquake excitations.

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Abass, Haider Ali, and Husain Khalaf Jarallah. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofitting of an Existing Buildings-State of the Art." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 24, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.24010052.

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In this study, previous researches were reviewed in relation to the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of an existing building. In recent years, a considerable number of researches has been undertaken to determine the performance of buildings during the seismic events. Performance based seismic design is a modern approach to earthquake resistant design of reinforcement concrete buildings. Performance based design of building structures requires rigorous non-linear static analysis. In general, nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis was conducted as an efficient instrument for performance-based design. Pushover analysis came into practice after 1970 year. During the seismic event, a nonlinear static analysis or pushover analysis is used to analyze building under gravity loads and monotonically increasing lateral forces. These building were evaluated until a target displacement reached. Pushover analysis provides a better understanding of buildings seismic performance, also it traces the progression of damage and failure of structural components of buildings.

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Pinho, Rui, Mário Marques, Ricardo Monteiro, Chiara Casarotti, and Raimundo Delgado. "Evaluation of Nonlinear Static Procedures in the Assessment of Building Frames." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 1459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/100910eqs169m.

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In recent years a number of nonlinear static procedures (NSPs) have been developed and proposed. Such pushover-based seismic assessment procedures are relatively straightforward to employ and are generally chosen over nonlinear dynamic analysis, especially within the realm of design office application. Parametric comparisons between the different NSPs available, however, are still somewhat sparse. In this work, five commonly employed NSPs (the N2 method, capacity spectrum method, modal pushover analysis, adaptive modal combination procedure, and the adaptive capacity spectrum method) are applied in the assessment of 16 frames subjected to a large number of input motions with a view to assess the accuracy level of such approaches through comparison with nonlinear dynamic analysis results. The evaluation shows that all the NSPs are able to accurately predict displacements and to produce reasonable estimates for other response parameters, with limited dispersion. Even though no single NSP tested led to consistently superior results, modal pushover analysis and the adaptive capacity spectrum method seemed to perform slightly better.

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Krolo, Paulina, and Davor Grandić. "Hysteresis Envelope Model of Double Extended End-Plate Bolted Beam-to-Column Joint." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110517.

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In this study, a hysteresis envelope mathematical model for the double extended end-plate bolted beam-to-column joint is proposed. The aim of a proposed joint model is to provide a more realistic behaviour of steel frames under seismic loading by using nonlinear static pushover analysis. The hysteresis envelope model defines the ratios between the monotonic properties of the joints and the properties of the joints during cyclic deformation. The proposed models are based on the hysteresis curves of the joints obtained by numerical simulations. The numerical model takes into account the geometric nonlinearity of the connecting elements, preloading of bolts, contacts between plates and bolts, and nonlinear properties of steel. Nonlinear static pushover analyses of steel frames are performed where the behaviour of the joints is described using the proposed hysteresis envelope models. The results are compared with the nonlinear static pushover analyses of steel frames with a trilinear monotonic joint model. Based on the results, the values of maximum peak ground acceleration for moment-resisting frames with the monotonic model of joints and hysteresis envelope model are estimated.

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YADAV, AASTHA, and DEEPTI HAZARI. "STATIC PUSHOVER ANALYSIS FOR REGULAR AND IRREGULAR STRUCTURES IN ALL ZONES." YMER Digital 21, no. 05 (May 31, 2022): 1515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.05/g5.

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In many earthquake-prone countries, structures may be suffers to various seismic loads in any stage of structures life. For this situation it is expected that the structures designed will show ductile behaviour under the various loads like vertical loads and lateral loads and also shows a stable behaviour without any major damage. Most of Indian lands behave insecure owing to the vibrations which are caused by the seismic effects. Also, it’s not possible to stop earthquake or vibrations on the structures but it may be controlled by some effective seismic techniques. Pushover analysis is a simply nonlinear analysis to estimate the static and dynamic demand imposed on any structures under earthquake excitation. In now days for design purpose, irregularity in structures is under highly demand. In this paper regular and irregular building structures are taken to study the behaviour during under seismic zone. Here various type highrise buildings are analyzed; behaviour of high rise building during earthquake depends on their structural design. In this study a G+8 rugular structure and multi-storeyed irregular structures are analyzed by nonlinear static pushover analysis. Zone factor for analysis is taken as zone III & zone V. This concerned work all building are designed as per IS 456:2000 and IS1893:2002. The aim of this work is to compare the result of symmetrical and unsymmetrical structure behaviour after applying pushover analysis in behalf of storey drift, storey displacement, base shear and storey shear. Keywords- Pushover analysis, seismic loads, lateral loads, regular and irregular building, nonlinear analysis, storey drift, storey displacement, base shear.

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Fragiadakis, Michalis, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos, and Mark Aschheim. "Application of Nonlinear Static Procedures for the Seismic Assessment of Regular RC Moment Frame Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 2 (May 2014): 767–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/111511eqs281m.

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The applicability of nonlinear static procedures for estimating the seismic demands of typical regular RC moment-resisting frames is evaluated. This work, conducted within the framework of the ATC-76-6 project, shows the degree to which nonlinear static methods can characterize global and local response demands vis-à–vis those determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis for three RC moment-frame buildings. The response quantities (engineering demand parameters) considered are peak story displacements, story drifts, story shears, and floor overturning moments. The single-mode pushover methods evaluated include the N2 and the ASCE-41 coefficient methods. Multi-modal pushover methods, such as modal pushover analysis and the consecutive modal pushover method, were also evaluated. The results indicate that the relatively good performance of the single-mode methods observed for low-rise buildings rapidly deteriorates as the number of stories increases. The multi-modal techniques generally extend the range of applicability of pushover methods, but at the cost of additional computation and without ensuring the reliability of the results.

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Yu, Miao, Zhi Hong Dai, and Gui Juan Hu. "Improvements on Structural Static Pushover Analysis Method in High-Rise Building Structure." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3075.

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In this paper, a new analysis model to assess the structure seismic capability is established, using improved capacity spectrum method. The model can solve the problem of many unknown and big computation workload in the process of conventional Pushover analysis. Conventional Pushover is very complex when use in the analysis of structure dynamic problem and nonlinear problem, the new model can solve these problem.

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Su, Zhi Bin, Tao Han, and Sheng Nan Sun. "Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis for Shear Wall Structures in SAP2000 Program." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.1007.

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To study the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of reinforced concrete shear wall structures under rare earthquakes, a single reinforced concrete shear wall model is established in SAP2000 program, which is simulated by nonlinear multi-layer shell element. Nonlinear static pushover analysis of the model is presented by uniform acceleration lateral load pattern and inverted triangle lateral load pattern. The relationship curve between base shear and top displacement of shear wall, and the stress distribution diagrams of the concrete layer and rebar layer are obtained. It may be concluded that, the yielding of rebar layer and the cracking of the concrete layer may be observed by stress distribution diagrams. SAP2000 program is feasible to nonlinear simulation of shear wall structures.

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Ferraioli, Massimiliano, Alberto M. Avossa, Angelo Lavino, and Alberto Mandara. "Accuracy of Advanced Methods for Nonlinear Static Analysis of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010310.

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The reliability of advanced nonlinear static procedures to estimate deformation demands of steel momentresisting frames under seismic loads is investigated. The advantages of refined adaptive and multimodal pushover procedures over conventional methods based on invariant lateral load patterns are evaluated. In particular, their computational attractiveness and capability of providing satisfactory predictions of seismic demands in comparison with those obtained by conventional force-based methods are examined. The results obtained by the static advanced methods, used in the form of different variants of the original Capacity Spectrum Method and Modal Pushover Analysis, are compared with the results of nonlinear response history analysis. Both effectiveness and accuracy of these approximated methods are verified through an extensive comparative study involving both regular and irregular steel moment resisting frames subjected to different acceleration records.

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Vatanshenas, Ali. "Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Using Nonlinear Layered Shell Approach." Nordic Concrete Research 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0014.

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Abstract This study discusses nonlinear modelling of a reinforced concrete wall utilizing the nonlinear layered shell approach. Rebar, unconfined and confined concrete behaviours are defined nonlinearly using proposed analytical models in the literature. Then, finite element model is validated using experimental results. It is shown that the nonlinear layered shell approach is capable of estimating wall response (i.e., stiffness, ultimate strength, and cracking pattern) with adequate accuracy and low computational effort. Modal analysis is conducted to evaluate the inherent characteristics of the wall to choose a logical loading pattern for the nonlinear static analysis. Moreover, pushover analysis’ outputs are interpreted comprehensibly from cracking of the concrete until reaching the rupture step by step.

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Contiguglia, Carlotta Pia, Angelo Pelle, Bruno Briseghella, and Camillo Nuti. "IMPA versus Cloud Analysis and IDA: Different Methods to Evaluate Structural Seismic Fragility." Applied Sciences 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073687.

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Well-known methods for seismic performance assessment, such as incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), multi-stripes analysis (MSA) and the cloud method, involve nonlinear response time-history analyses to characterize the relationship between the chosen damage measure versus intensity measure. Over the past two decades, many authors have proposed simplified procedures or nonlinear static approaches to develop fragility. In these procedures, the capacity of the system is evaluated by nonlinear static procedures (i.e., the capacity spectrum method (CSM), the N2 method, modal pushover analysis (MPA)) and the demand is derived by response spectra. In addition to the familiar ones, incremental modal pushover analysis (IMPA) is a novel nonlinear static procedure proposed in recent years, and it is used in this research to present an IM-based fragility estimation. The accuracy and effectiveness of different methods to assess vulnerability are investigated by comparing fragility curves derived by MPA-based cloud analysis, IMPA and cloud analysis against IDA. The comparison gives valuable insights on the influence of scaling on different sets of records; however, a more extended validation is needed to confirm the obtained results and draw more general conclusions. Results arise from two relatively small bins of record motions differing by ranges of Joyner-Boore distance and scattered in a range of magnitude are presented.

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Gao, Xiu Yun. "The Application of Pushover Method in Complex Bridge Seismic Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1454.

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Elasto-plastic seismic response analysis of complex bridge requires large computation, thus in practical engineering design this method can be simplified according to finite energy principle, finite displacement principle and Pushover method or other approximation algorithms. Finite energy principle and finite displacement principle are applied to piers with simple damage mode, and the two principles differ in structure’s natural mode of vibration. Pushover applied to complex structures which can’t be analyzed as single pier. Pushover gives maximum seismic response by static nonlinear analysis, and current Japanese specification adopts Pushover for complex bridge seismic design such as continuous rigid bridges.

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Gupta, Balram, and Sashi K. Kunnath. "Adaptive Spectra-Based Pushover Procedure for Seismic Evaluation of Structures." Earthquake Spectra 16, no. 2 (May 2000): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1586117.

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The estimation of inelastic seismic demands using nonlinear static procedures, or pushover analyses, are inevitably going to be favored by practicing engineers over nonlinear time-history methods. While there has been some concern over the reliability of static procedures to predict inelastic seismic demands, improved procedures overcoming these drawbacks are still forthcoming. In this paper, the potential limitations of static procedures, such as those recommended in FEMA 273, are highlighted through an evaluation of the response of instrumented buildings that experienced strong ground shaking in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. A new enhanced adaptive “modal” site-specific spectra-based pushover analysis is proposed, which accounts for the effect of higher modes and overcomes the shortcomings of the FEMA procedure. Features of the proposed procedure include its similarity to traditional response spectrum-based analysis and the explicit consideration of ground motion characteristics during the analysis. It is demonstrated that the proposed procedure is able to reasonably capture important response attributes, such as interstory drift and failure mechanisms, even for structures with discontinuities in strength and/or stiffness that only a detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis could predict.

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Ismail, Refaat Taleb, K. Rama Mohana Rao, and Srikanth Devi. "Estimation of Lateral Load Distribution Pattens in Nonlinear Static Procedures for RCC Framed Buildings." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48575.

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Abstract: In the context of the seismic evaluation of building structures, nonlinear static analysis that makes use of pushover processes is becoming an increasingly common technique in engineering practice. In order to carry out a pushover study, the document FEMA-356 (2000) suggests using a variety of distributions of lateral forces. The use of these force distributions, on the other hand, does not adequately reflect the effects of modifying dynamic parameters across the inelastic response or the influence of higher modes. Four different lateral load patterns are investigated in this body of work by contrasting the pushover responses of RCC moment frame buildings with five and twelve stories.

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SHAMA, AYMAN A. "ROCKING OF LARGE BRIDGE CAISSONS DUE TO SEISMIC EXCITATION." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 04 (December 2007): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431107000201.

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Caisson foundations are massive structures that respond to seismic loads in a primarily rocking mode. This paper presents a case study on an existing bridge caisson where the capacity spectrum approach was used to evaluate the performance for a specific seismic event. The deformation capacity curve was evaluated from nonlinear static pushover of a three dimensional finite element model of the caisson embedded in the surrounding soil. The model included interface elements to capture gapping, sliding, and rocking of the caisson during the analysis. The nonlinear behavior of the soil was represented by a cap plasticity model, which is based on the well known Drucker–Prager yield condition and a non-associated flow rule. Alternatively, a theoretical approach was developed, using basic principles of structural mechanics and the half-space theory, to determine the capacity curve. Results of nonlinear static pushover methods compared favorably to nonlinear time history analyses.

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Zhang, Q. W., K. Megawati, L. P. Huang, and T. C. Pan. "A New Static Nonlinear Procedure for Assessment of Seismic Performance of High-Rise Buildings." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.478.

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A new static nonlinear pushover procedure is proposed for assessment of seismic capacity for high-rise buildings. Rather than simply combining the results carried out by modal inertia force distributions to estimate the total building capacity after pushover analysis, the present study develops in advance the most critical lateral load distribution which is developed via energy dissipation analysis based on least-energy principle. The advantage of the present method is that the effect of different earthquake input directions can be well considered, as well as that unstable solutions due to employing linear method to combine the nonlinear analysis results can be avoided. Thus, the performance of building can be evaluated more reasonably. By comparing with the results from nonlinear response history analysis using real earthquake tremor monitoring results, the validity of the present method is validated.

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Roseenid, Teresa A., N. Premavathi, and Gunasekaran Umarani. "Seismic Performance Assessment of an Existing Road Bridge Using Standard Pushover Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 147 (December 2011): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.147.278.

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The inelastic seismic response of an existing multi-span concrete bridge is investigated by performing nonlinear static pushover analysis. The bridge is subjected to lateral forces distributed proportionally over the span of the bridge in accordance with the product of mass and mode shape. The bridge is pushed up to the target displacement and the hinge formations of the bridge in different steps of the pushover procedure in the transverse direction are obtained. The expected capacity of the bridge is evaluated and compared with the displacement demand.

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Mortezaei, A., and H. R. Ronagh. "Effectiveness of modified pushover analysis procedure for the estimation of seismic demands of buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions having fling step." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2013): 1579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1579-2013.

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Abstract. Near-fault ground motions with long-period pulses have been identified as being critical in the design of structures. These motions, which have caused severe damage in recent disastrous earthquakes, are characterized by a short-duration impulsive motion that transmits large amounts of energy into the structures at the beginning of the earthquake. In nearly all of the past near-fault earthquakes, significant higher mode contributions have been evident in building structures near the fault rupture, resulting in the migration of dynamic demands (i.e. drifts) from the lower to the upper stories. Due to this, the static nonlinear pushover analysis (which utilizes a load pattern proportional to the shape of the fundamental mode of vibration) may not produce accurate results when used in the analysis of structures subjected to near-fault ground motions. The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy of the pushover method in these situations by introducing a new load pattern into the common pushover procedure. Several pushover analyses are performed for six existing reinforced concrete buildings that possess a variety of natural periods. Then, a comparison is made between the pushover analyses' results (with four new load patterns) and those of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)-356 with reference to nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The comparison shows that, generally, the proposed pushover method yields better results than all FEMA-356 pushover analysis procedures for all investigated response quantities and is a closer match to the nonlinear time-history responses. In general, the method is able to reproduce the essential response features providing a reasonable measure of the likely contribution of higher modes in all phases of the response.

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Hueste, Mary Beth D., and James K. Wight. "Evaluation of a Four-Story Reinforccd Concrete Building Damaged during the Northridge Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 3 (August 1997): 387–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585954.

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A four-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure damaged during the Northridge Earthquake was evaluated to determine if punching shear failures that occurred at interior slab-column connections could be post-calculated using analytical methods. The building was evaluated using: 1) a code level strength analysis, 2) a static nonlinear (“pushover”) analysis, and 3) a dynamic nonlinear response analysis using ground motions recorded within 1 km (0.6 mi.) of the building. Based on design material properties and field observations, both the static and dynamic nonlinear analyses were able to successfully post-calculate the observed punching shear failures.

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Bergami, Alessandro Vittorio, Camillo Nuti, Davide Lavorato, Gabriele Fiorentino, and Bruno Briseghella. "IMPAβ: Incremental Modal Pushover Analysis for Bridges." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 4287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124287.

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In the present study, the incremental modal pushover analysis (IMPA), a pushover-based approach already proposed and applied to buildings by the same authors, was revised and proposed for bridges (IMPAβ). Pushover analysis considers the effects of higher modes on the structural response. Bridges are structurally very different from multi-story buildings, where multimodal pushover (MPA) has been developed and is currently used. In bridges, consideration for higher modes is often necessary: The responses of some structural elements of the bridge (e.g., piers) influence the overall bridge response. Therefore, the failure of these elements can determine the failure of the whole structure, even if they give a small contribution total base shear. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) requires input accelerograms for high intensities, which are rare in the databases, while scaling of generated accelerograms with a simple increment of the scaling acceleration is not appropriate. This fact renders IDA, which is by its nature time-consuming, not straightforward. On the contrary, the change of input spectrum required by IMPA is simple. IMPAβ also utilizes a simple complementary method coupled to MPA, to obtain bounds at very high seismic intensities. Finally, the two incremental methods based on static nonlinear and dynamic nonlinear analyses are compared.

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Kulkarni, Swapnali Sachin. "Study on the Development of Seismic Fragility of Steel SMRF." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39026.

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Abstract: Vulnerability assessment of the structure is the most important and wide area of research which requires more input from the engineers and seismologist. The seismic vulnerability assessment of the structure can be evaluated by developing Fragility curves. Fragility curves shows the conditional probability of the structure exceeding the particular performance limit of the given damage state during strong ground motions. Fragility curves can be developed for different parameters like spectral displacement (Sd), spectral acceleration (Sa) Peak ground acceleration (PGA) , Inter storey drift ratio (IDR) etc. This paper describes about the different methods used in deriving the Fragility curves like conventional methods, Nonlinear Dynamic analysis methods and Nonlinear Static analysis methods. Also the fragility analysis of 5 Storied Steel Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) has been carried out based on the parameters suggested by HAZUS M.H 2.1. Nonlinear static pushover analysis of the frame has been carried out in ETABS2016. Fragility curves are developed based on the pushover analysis results. The damage states defined as per HAZUS are Slight damage (SD), Moderate damage (MD) Extensive damage (ED) and Complete damage (CD). After carrying out the fragility analysis for the steel SMRF, it has been found out that, as the spectral displacement increases probability of failure for the slight damage of the structure is very high and the probability of failure for the complete damage is very low. Hence the probability of failure of the structure reduces from slight damage to complete damage. Keywords: Fragility curves, vulnerability assessment, Nonlinear static pushover analysis, HAZUS M.H 2.1.

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Shrestha, Jagat Kumar. "Response Reduction Factor for Mansory Buildings." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29802.

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Most of the seismic codes used today incorporate the nonlinear response of a structure by providing an appropriate response reduction factor so that a linear elastic force-based approach can be used in designs. This study focuses on evaluating the response reduction factor for masonry buildings with different mechanical properties, which are used in modern codes to scale down the elastic response of the structure. Using a similar frame-approach, a nonlinear static pushover analysis is carried out on the analytical models of masonry building in finite element analysis software SAP2000v20.0.0. The response reduction factor components, flexibility, and over strength were computed from the results obtained from the nonlinear static pushover analysis. Finally, the response reduction factor is evaluated for different masonry buildings. It is concluded that the R-value given in IS: 1893-2016 for unreinforced masonry is not recommended for random rubble stonemasonry buildings in mud mortar.

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Santhosh, D., R. Prabhakara, and N. Jayaramappa. "Studies on Seismic Performance of Low, Medium and High Rise Reinforced Concrete Frame with Infill." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9065.

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This paper studies the pushover analysis of Low, Medium and High Rise Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame with infill. Pushover analysis is nonlinear static procedures for the seismic assessment of Low, Medium and High Rise Reinforced concrete (RC) structures, due to its simplicity, efficiency in modelling and low computational time. Four storey, Eight storey and Twelve storey RC frames with infill models were considered in this analysis. This pushover analysis was carried out for default hinge properties available in program based on FEMA 356. The seismic performance of RC frame with infill was measured in terms of base force and displacement curve, performance point, number of plastic hinges at different performance levels.

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Mahmood, Mohamad, and Halla Mohamad. "Dynamic and pushover analysis of multi-storey reinforced concrete building using different load distribution pattern." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 20, no. 4 (2022): 1325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-37318.

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One of nature's most dangerous phenomena are earthquakes which cause significant harm to both people's lives and property. In this study, four alternative approaches are used to demonstrate the distribution of lateral loads and compare its impacts on the results of a non-linear static pushover analysis of a ten-storey reinforced concrete (RC) building and study its response to the impact of an earthquake. In order to determine how the structure would respond to earthquake effects, pushover analysis which is an alternative way of time history analysis was adopted and the predicted results are compared with those of nonlinear time history analysis. Given that the building is situated in an area that is actively experiencing earthquakes and has rocky soil, the distributed lateral force is assumed to be equivalent to the design base shear. The study indicated an almost good suitable fit between two categories of pushover loading methods regarding security of the building, maximum base shear, and maximum displacement. The paper also presents a comparison between the results of nonlinear time history analysis at a particular roof displacement with that of pushover analysis.

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Behnamfar, Farhad, Sayed Mehdi Taherian, and Arash Sahraei. "Enhanced nonlinear static analysis with the drift pushover procedure for tall buildings." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 11 (May 14, 2016): 3025–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9932-5.

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Repapis, Constantinos C. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Existing RC Buildings Without Seismic Details. Comparison of Nonlinear Static Methods and IDA." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010158.

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The inelastic response of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings without seismic details is investigated, presenting the results from more than 1000 nonlinear analyses. The seismic performance is investigated for two buildings, a typical building form of the 60s and a typical form of the 80s. Both structures are designed according to the old Greek codes. These building forms are typical for that period for many Southern European countries. Buildings of the 60s do not have seismic details, while buildings of the 80s have elementary seismic details. The influence of masonry infill walls is also investigated for the building of the 60s. Static pushover and incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) for a set of 15 strong motion records are carried out for the three buildings, two bare and one infilled. The IDA predictions are compared with the results of pushover analysis and the seismic demand according to Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) and N2 Method. The results from IDA show large dispersion on the response, available ductility capacity, behaviour factor and failure displacement, depending on the strong motion record. CSM and N2 predictions are enveloped by the nonlinear dynamic predictions, but have significant differences from the mean values. The better behaviour of the building of the 80s compared to buildings of the 60s is validated with both pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses. Finally, both types of analysis show that fully infilled frames exhibit an improved behaviour compared to bare frames.

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Lin, K. C., H. H. Hung, and Y. C. Sung. "Seismic Performance of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Buildings Evaluated by Nonlinear Pushover and Dynamic Analyses." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 03 (March 3, 2016): 1450107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414501077.

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This paper investigates the combined effect of flexural and shear actions on the failure modes of the high strength reinforced concrete (HRC) members using the proposed algorithm for plastic hinge formation. The accuracy of the present procedure for the HRC columns was verified by comparing the results obtained with those of the cyclic loading tests performed in Japan. To evaluate the seismic performance of the HRC high-rise buildings, a seismic performance checklist for the HRC buildings was recommended. Based on the proposed algorithm for formation of plastic hinges, the seismic performance of HRC buildings based on the static pushover analysis is evaluated. From the results of the pushover analysis, a simplified lumped-mass stick model was developed, which is adopted to evaluate the seismic performance using the nonlinear time history analysis. For the purpose of illustration, the seismic performance of a high-rise building constructed with HRC was investigated by both the nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic analyses using the proposed procedure and concepts. The results of this paper serve as a useful reference for the seismic design and evaluation of HRC high-rise structures.

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ZACCHEI, E., P. H. C. LYRA, and F. R. STUCCHI. "Nonlinear static analysis of a pile-supported wharf." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 5 (October 2019): 998–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000500003.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to carry out a nonlinear static analysis using a case study of a pile-supported wharf in a new oil tankers port. The seismic activity in this area is very intense with the peak ground acceleration of 0.55 g; for this reason, it is very important to analyse the structural behaviour of the nonlinear situation. The analysis of the wharf, modelled in 3D by finite element method, serves to calculate the structure vibration periods (the structure’s first period is 1.68 s) and the capacity curve. The design of the structure follows traditional criteria by international guidelines, and its procedure is in accordance to classic theoretical methods and codes. For the selection of adequate characteristic earthquake input for the pushover analysis European and Venezuelan codes have been used. Besides being important to study the seismic influence on the body of the wharf and on critical elements, as well as and the interaction fluid-structure-soil, it is also important to analyse the consequences of structure failure and to estimate the maximum allowed displacement. The results show that the ultimate displacement is 18,81 cm. A port is an extremely strategic work, which needs to be carefully designed to avoid environmental damage and maintain human safety.

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Taghipour, Mohammad. "Seismic Analysis (Non-linear Static Analysis (Pushover) and Nonlinear Dynamic) on Cable - Stayed Bridge." American Journal of Civil Engineering 3, no. 5 (2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20150305.11.

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Ahmadi, Hamid Reza, Navideh Mahdavi, and Mahmoud Bayat. "Applying Adaptive Pushover Analysis to Estimate Incremental Dynamic Analysis Curve." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 14, no. 04 (February 27, 2020): 2050016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431120500165.

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To estimate seismic demand and capacity of structures, it has been suggested by researchers that Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is one of the most accurate methods. Although this method shows the most accurate response of the structure, some problems, such as difficulty in modeling, time-consuming analysis and selection of the earthquake records, encourage researchers to find some ways to estimate the dynamic response of structures by using static nonlinear analysis. The simplicity of pushover analysis in evaluating structural nonlinear response serves well as an alternative to the time-history analysis method. In this paper, based on the concepts of the displacement-based adaptive pushover (DAP), a new approach is proposed to estimate the IDA curves. The performance of the proposed method has been investigated using 3- and 9-story moment-resisting frames. In addition, the results were compared with exact IDA curves and IDA curves developed by the modal pushover analysis (MPA) based method. For evaluation, IDA curves with 16%, 50% and 84% fractile were estimated. Using the results, [Formula: see text] capacities corresponding to Collapse Prevention (CP) limit state were calculated and assessed. Finite element modeling of the structures has been carried out by using ZEUS-NL software. Based on the achieved results, the proposed approach can estimate the capacity of the structure accurately. The significant advantage of the applied approach is the low computational cost and desirable accuracy. The proposed approach can be used to develop the approximate IDA curves.

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Verma, Prashant, and S. K. Madan. "Pushover Analaysis of Irregular Tall RCC Structures." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.668.

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The paper is based on the study of the Response of Irregular Plan Tall RCC structures by Pushover Analysis in order to find the Base Shear, Pushover Curve, Performance limit, Shear force Diagrams, Bending Moment of the structure. Nonlinear Static Analysis, is also called as “pushover analysis”, and is also regarded as the most widely used analysis method for estimation of performance of Irregular tall RCC structures. Most of the significant Seismic Codes which proposes methods for seismic analysis of new or existing tall RCC Structures have been originally defined for simple regular structures. Therefore the analysis of the seismic response of irregular Tall RCC Structures is difficult due to nonlinear and inelastic response of the structures and more difficult than that of regular structures. Most of the codes (IS 1893 (Part 1) 2016[1], ATC-40 1996[2], EC8-1 2004[3]) uses the concept of “regularity”, taking into account distribution of mass, stiffness and strength in the structures, both in plan and in elevation. But real structures seldom act in accordance with these regularity requirements, resulting in a narrowly dependable application of the basic non-linear static analysis. For the study we are considering two G+19 storey T shaped and U shaped irregular tall framed RCC structures having height of 68 meters each and storey height of 3.3 meters. Pushover Analysis is carried out using shear walls at different locations in the structure. The objective of this study is to finds out which irregular plan tall structure is the most efficacious in resisting lateral loads. The software used for modelling and analysis is ETABS 2017.

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Wang, Jie, and Yu Bai. "Comparative Analysis Pushover and Elastic-Plastic Time-History Method of Frame Structure with Viscous Dampers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1785.

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Chinese seismic code provision, for the energy dissipation structure, when the main structure into elastic-plastic stage, the system should be based on characteristics of the main structure, the use of static elastoplastic analysis and nonlinear time history analysis methods. In this paper, the static elastoplastic and elastic-plastic time history method of analysis and comparison to speed, such as type viscous damper type damper is not applicable to the static elastoplastic analysis.

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Clementi, Francesco. "Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020058.

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This paper presents a detailed study of the damages and collapses suffered by various masonry churches in the aftermath of the seismic sequence of Central Italy in 2016. The damages will first be analyzed and then compared with the numerical data obtained through 3D simulations with eigenfrequency and then nonlinear static analyses (i.e., pushover). The main purposes of this study are: (i) to create an adequately consistent sensitivity study on several definite case studies to obtain an insight into the role played by geometry—which is always unique when referred to churches—and by irregularities; (ii) validate or address the applicability limits of the more widespread nonlinear approach, widely recommended by the Italian Technical Regulations. Pushover analyses are conducted assuming that the masonry behaves as a nonlinear material with different tensile and compressive strengths. The consistent number of case studies investigated will show how conventional static approaches can identify, albeit in a qualitative way, the most critical macro-elements that usually trigger both global and local collapses, underlining once again how the phenomena are affected by the geometry of stones and bricks, the texture of the wall face, and irregularities in the plan and elevation and in addition to hypotheses made on the continuity between orthogonal walls.

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Wan, Ge, Dichuan Zhang, Robert B. Fleischman, and Clay J. Naito. "A coupled connector element for nonlinear static pushover analysis of precast concrete diaphragms." Engineering Structures 86 (March 2015): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.029.

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Yan, Lulu, Jinxin Gong, and Qin Zhang. "Investigation of Global Equivalent Damping and Statistical Relationship of Displacement between Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 3 (August 2018): 1311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/021517eqs031m.

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The assessment of the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures using the equivalent linearization approach requires comprehensive insight into the nonlinear response of the system, and most previous researches focused on the analysis of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. To describe the hysteretic behavior of a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system accurately, monotonic and cyclic pushover analyses for 88 RC frames structures with various configurations and design parameters are carried out and a unified hysteresis loop expression modeling the cyclic pushover results of RC frame system is developed. Then, a global equivalent damping based on Jacobsen's approach is derived, and comparisons between the displacements obtained by nonlinear static analysis (NSA) utilizing the derived global equivalent damping and those obtained by nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) are made. Finally, a modified global equivalent damping is presented by calibrating the derived Jacobsen's equivalent damping through NTHA results. Based on the modified equivalent damping, the statistical analysis of the ratios of the results obtained by NTHA to those obtained by NSA is implemented to predicate the probabilistic seismic displacement demands of RC frame structures.

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Adebar, Perry, and Ahmed M. M. Ibrahim. "Simple Nonlinear Flexural Stiffness Model for Concrete Structural Walls." Earthquake Spectra 18, no. 3 (August 2002): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1503343.

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A trilinear bending moment–curvature model is proposed for the nonlinear static (pushover) analysis of concrete walls. To account for the effect of cracking on the flexural stiffness of concrete walls in a simple yet accurate way, the elastic portion of the bending moment–curvature relationship is modeled as bilinear. To account for the influence of cyclic loading on tension stiffening of cracked concrete, the concept of upper-bound response for a previously uncracked wall, and lower-bound response for a severely cracked wall is introduced. To validate the proposed model, the results of a large-scale test on a slender concrete wall are compared with predictions from the model. The application of the proposed model in a pushover analysis of a 131-m-(430-ft) high coupled-wall structure demonstrates the importance of accurately modeling the nonlinear flexural stiffness of concrete walls.

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Qu, Qin, Xiao Yan Zheng, and Xiang Tao Chen. "Nonlinear Static Analysis of Staggered Truss Steel-Timber Combined Structure." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2082.

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This paper, combined the characteristics of steel structure and timber structure, conceives a new system of residential structures—staggered truss steel-timber combined structure, carries out structural arrangement and optimization design on a six-layer residence, and makes a study on its seismic performance under rare earthquake. The author uses commercial structural analysis softwareto establish a basic model, conducts pushover analysis, draws the load-displacement curve, then getsthe capacity spectrum of the model, next compares with the demand spectrum under 8 degrees (0.3g)rare earthquake, finally gets the performance point of the structure. The results show that the inter-story displacement angles can meet the limit of seismic code. Meanwhile auther analyzes the distribution and the appearance sequence of plastic hinges, plastic hinges mainly occur in the truss webs, the chords and the frame beams in succession, and the number of plastic hinges is more. Bottom columns finally appear plastic hinges. These phenomena meet the design requirement—strong column-weak beam.Finally this paper gets a conclusion that staggered truss steel-timber combined structure shows good seismic capacity.

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Sonowal, D. B., and J. Pathak. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of an Existing Bridge Pier." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.583.

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The main objective of this paper is to develop the fragility curves for an existing bridge having circular pier by static nonlinear analysis (Pushover Analysis). In this study, a cantilever circular bridge pier which is located in Assam, a highly seismic zone in India is considered for development of seismic fragility curve. Capacity of the bridge has been determined by Pushover analysis of bridge pier and demand parameter of the bridge were obtained by using ATC 40 Capacity Spectrum method and IS 1893:2016 (Part 1) along with IRC 6:2017. Civil Software SAP 2000 version 20 is used to analyze the bridge pier. The fragility curves of the pier have been constructed assuming a lognormal distribution. The evaluation results presented here describes the probabilistic seismic failure of the bridge pier and its capacity to meet the desired performance level.

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Barbagallo, F., M. Bosco, A. Ghersi, E. M. Marino, and P. P. Rossi. "Seismic Assessment of Steel MRFs by Cyclic Pushover Analysis." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18748368019130012.

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Background:Structural members subjected to strong earthquakes undergo stiffness and strength degradation. To predict accurately the seismic behaviour of structures, nonlinear static methods of analysis have been developed in scientific literature. Generally, nonlinear static methods perform the pushover analysis by applying a monotonic lateral load. However, every earthquake input is characterized by several repeated loads with reverse in signs and the strength and deformation capacities of structures are generally related to the cumulative damage. This aspect is neglected by the conventional monotonic approaches, which tend to overestimate the strength and stiffness of structural members.Objective:This paper aims to investigate the possibility that the Cyclic Pushover Analysis (CPA) may be used as a tool to assess the seismic behaviour of structures. During the CPA, the structure is subjected to a distribution of horizontal forces that is reversed in sign when predefined peak displacements of the reference node are attained. This process repeats in cycles previously determined in a loading protocol.Methods:To investigate the effectiveness of the CPA in predicting the structural response, a steel moment resisting frame is designed as a case study building. A numerical model of this frame is developed in OpenSees. To examine the influence of the loading protocols on the seismic response, the CPA is run following the ATC-24 and the SAC protocols. Additionally, the seismic demand of the case study frame is determined by a Monotonic Pushover Analysis (MPA) and by Incremental nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (IDA).Results and Conclusions:The following results are obtained:• Despite the differences between the SAC and the ATC-24 loading protocols, the CPA applied according to those two protocols led to almost the same structural response of the case study frame.• The CPA showed the capability of catching the stiffness and strength degradation, which is otherwise neglected by the MPA. In fact, given a base shear or peak ground acceleration, the CPA leads to the estimation of larger displacement demands compared to the MPA.• During long (or medium) duration earthquakes, the CPA was necessary to estimate accurately the response of the structure. In fact, at a PGA equal to 1 g, the CPA estimated the top displacement demand with an error lower than 10%, while the MPA underestimated it by 18%.• The importance of considering the cyclic deterioration is shown at local level by the damage indexes of the frame. In the case of long earthquakes, given a top displacement of 600 mm (corresponding to a PGA equal to 1 g), the CPA estimated the damage indexes with an error equal to 12%.

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Tran, Quang Huy, Jungwon Huh, Van Bac Nguyen, Achintya Haldar, Choonghyun Kang, and Kyeong Min Hwang. "Comparative Study of Nonlinear Static and Time-History Analyses of Typical Korean STS Container Cranes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 16, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2176894.

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Ship-to-shore (STS) container gantry cranes, used at terminals for loading and unloading containers from a ship, are an important part of harbor structures. The size and weight of modern STS container cranes are increasing to satisfy the demand for bigger ships. This is expected to result in more lateral load when excited by seismic motions. The existing Korean STS container cranes did not behave properly during several recent moderate earthquakes in South Korea. Typical Korean STS container cranes must be checked for the earthquake-resistant capacity. In this research, two nonlinear static analyses procedures, also known as pushover analyses, commonly used for seismic design of buildings, namely, capacity spectrum method and equivalent linearization method, are comprehensively studied to check their suitability for studying seismic behavior of STS cranes. Results obtained by these two nonlinear static analysis methods are then compared with the results obtained by nonlinear time-history analyses of the STS cranes by exciting them with nine recorded earthquake time histories around worldwide. The behaviors of the cranes are analyzed in terms of the total base shear, drift, and base uplift. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear static methods can be appropriate for estimating the total base shear and drift of the portal frame of a container crane. The pushover analyses also provide information on performance levels as defined in ASCE/SEI 41-13, of a typical Korean STS container crane. Furthermore, it is observed that the uplift response of the crane is strongly influenced by the duration of an earthquake.

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Sadek, Amr W., and Mohammed Moiz Khan. "Effect of Nonlinear Modeling of Beam-Column Joint on Pushover Analysis." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 127——144. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i05.002.

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The present paper is concerned with the seismic risk assessment of buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A critical review of the existing literature is presented to identify the shortcomings of extant studies. None of the extant studies considered nonlinear action of the beam-column joint (BCJ) but rather they dealt with BCJ as a rigid element for simplicity and the only plastic hinging has been considered in beams and/or columns. Hence the main focus of this paper is to demonstrate the significant effects of the nonlinear action of BCJ in the pushover analysis and in turn the inadequacy of all previous studies which overlooked such effect. In this study, nonlinear static pushover analysis is performed on two-dimensional RC frames of existing buildings in Jeddah city, with and without using macro node elements and pushover curves are compared. The beam-column joint modelling approach adopted in this study is through macro node element which accounts for failure due to shear collapse of the joint, concrete crushing, flexural and/or shear plastic damage of the beams or columns connected and bond-slip failure. The results clearly indicate that the RC frame in which the beam-column joints were modeled using a macro node element, tends to have lesser base shear values and higher displacement capacity when compared to the RC frame modeled without using the macro node. Furthermore, the status of plastic hinges developed in building frames modeled without using macro node element was found to be within the Immediate occupancy (IO) performance level, but this hinge status drastically changed to Collapse prevention (CP) performance level when BCJ was modeled using macro node. Hence, the results highlight that the nonlinear action of beam-column joint has a significant effect on the nonlinear response of a structure.

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LIU, S. W., Y. P. LIU, and S. L. CHAN. "PUSHOVER ANALYSIS BY ONE ELEMENT PER MEMBER FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 01 (March 2010): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003385.

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Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis is an effective and simple tool for evaluating the seismic response of structures and offers an attractive choice for the performance-based design. As such, it has generally been used in modern design due to its practicality. However, the nonlinear plastic design method consumes extensive computational effort for practical structures under numerous load cases. Thus, an efficient element capturing the nonlinear behavior of a beam-column will be useful. In this paper, the authors propose a practical pushover analysis procedure using a single element per member for seismic design. As an improvement to previous research works, both P – Δ and P – δ effects as well as initial imperfections in global and member levels are considered. Therefore, the section capacity check without the assumption of effective length is adequate for present design and the conventional individual element design is avoided. The uncertainty of the buckling effects and effective length method can be eliminated and so a more economical design can be achieved. Two benchmark steel frames of three-storey and nine-storey in FEMA 440 were analyzed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.

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Qazi, Asad Ullah, Ali Murtaza Rasool, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Asif Hameed, and Muhammad Faizan Ali. "Behavior of Scaled Infilled Masonry, Confined Masonry & Reinforced Concrete Structures under Dynamic Excitations." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060774.

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This research investigates the nonlinear behavior of scaled infilled masonry (IFM), confined masonry (CM), and reinforced concrete (RC) structures by utilizing and validating two tests from the literature as benchmarks. The validation was based on a comparison with the pushover results of small-scaled physical tests and their numerical modeling. Numerical modeling of small-scale (1:4 and 1:3) IFM, CM, and RC models has been carried out with Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Applied Element Modelling (AEM) techniques using SAP2000 and the Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software, respectively. The behavior of the structure under lateral loads and excitations was investigated using nonlinear static (pushover) and nonlinear time history (dynamic) analysis. The evaluation of the pushover analysis results revealed that for IFM, the %age difference of tangent stiffness was 4.2% and 13.5% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively, and the %age difference for strength was 31.2% and 2.8% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively. Similarly, it was also calculated for other wall types. Dynamic analysis results from FEM and AEM techniques were found in the fairly acceptable range before yield; however, beyond yield, AEM proved more stable. Finally, the results also showed that the numerical study can be utilized for the evaluation of small-scale models before performing the physical test.

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Krolo, P. "APPLICATION OF HYSTERESIS ENVELOPE MODEL TO STEEL BEAM-TO-COLUMN BOLTED JOINT." Modern structures of metal and wood, no. 26 (July 2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2022-26-55-62.

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The paper demonstrates the applications of the hysteresis envelope model on the example of a double extended end plate beam-to-column bolted joint. The hysteresis envelope model represents a new analytical trilinear model that can describe the cyclic behaviour of joints in a moment-resisting steel frame and is suitable for nonlinear static pushover analysis.

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el Ghoulbzouri, Abdelouafi, Zakaria el Alami, and Sabrine el Hannoudi. "Reliability Analysis in Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1581.

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The performance-based engineering approach, as opposed to prescriptive rules of code-based design, is based on simulation of real structural behavior. Reliability of the expected performance state is assessed by using various methodologies based on finite element nonlinear static pushover analysis and specialized reliability software package. Reliability approaches that were considered included full coupling with an external finite element code based methods in conjunction with either first order reliability method or importance sampling method. The building considered in the actual study has been designed against seismic hazard according to the Moroccan code RPS2000.

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Kamath, Kiran, Sachin Hirannaiah, and Jose Camilo Karl Barbosa Noronha. "An analytical study on performance of a diagrid structure using nonlinear static pushover analysis." Perspectives in Science 8 (September 2016): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pisc.2016.04.004.

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Cosic, Mladen, and Stanko Brcic. "The development of controlled damage mechanisms-based design method for nonlinear static pushover analysis." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (2014): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1401025c.

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This paper presents the original method of controlled building damage mechanisms based on Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (NSPA-DMBD). The optimal building damage mechanism is determined based on the solution of the Capacity Design Method (CDM), and the response of the building is considered in incremental situations. The development of damage mechanism of a system in such incremental situations is being controlled on the strain level, examining the relationship of current and limit strains in concrete and reinforcement steel. Since the procedure of the system damage mechanism analysis according to the NSPA-DMBD method is being iteratively implemented and designing checked after the strain reaches the limit, for this analysis a term Iterative-Interactive Design (IID) has been introduced. By selecting, monitoring and controlling the optimal damage mechanism of the system and by developed NSPA-DMBD method, damage mechanism of the building is being controlled and the level of resistance to an early collapse is being increased.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis'

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