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Academic literature on the topic 'Nonlinear Kerr effects'

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Published: 1 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Journal articles on the topic "Nonlinear Kerr effects":

1

Groot Koerkamp, M., and Theo Rasing. "Giant nonlinear Kerr effects." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 156, no. 1-3 (April 1996): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00844-6.

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Zvezdin, A. K., and N. F. Kubrakov. "Nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr effects." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 89, no. 1 (July 1999): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558957.

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Magaña-Cervantes, Marco A., Richard M. De La Rue, Daniele Modotto, Costantino De Angelis, Roberto Morandotti, Stefan Linden, Jessica P. Mondia, Henry M. van Driel, and J. Stewart Aitchison. "Kerr nonlinear effects in AlGaAs multimode waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 85, no. 16 (October 18, 2004): 3390–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1807025.

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Manosh, T. M., Muhammed Ashefas, and Ramesh Babu Thayyullathil. "Effects of Kerr medium in coupled cavities on quantum state transfer." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 27, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863518500352.

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We study the effect of Kerr type nonlinear medium in quantum state transfer (QST). We have investigated the effect of different coupling schemes and Kerr medium parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We found that the Kerr medium introduced in the connection channel can act like a controller for QST. The numerical simulations are performed without taking the adiabatic approximation. Rotating wave approximation is used in the atom–cavity interaction only in the lower coupling regime.
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Kumar Orappanpara Soman, Sunish. "A tutorial on fiber Kerr nonlinearity effect and its compensation in optical communication systems." Journal of Optics 23, no. 12 (November 22, 2021): 123502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac362a.

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Abstract The advent of silica-based low-cost standard single-mode fibers revolutionized the whole communication industry. The deployment of optical fibers in the networks induces a paradigm shift in the communication technologies used for long-haul information transfer. However, the communication using the optical fibers is affected by several linear and nonlinear effects. The most common linear effects are attenuation and chromatic dispersion, whereas the dominant nonlinear effect is the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect induces a power-dependent nonlinear distortion for the signal propagating in the optical fiber. The detrimental effects of the Kerr nonlinearity limit the capacity of long-haul optical communication systems. Fiber Kerr nonlinearity compensation using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques has been well investigated over several years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial, including the fundamental mathematical analysis, on the characteristics of the optical fiber channel, the origin of the Kerr nonlinearity effect, the theory of the pulse propagation in the optical fiber, and the numerical and analytical tools for solving the pulse propagation equation. In addition, we provide a concise review of various DSP techniques for fiber nonlinearity compensation, such as digital back-propagation, Volterra series-based nonlinearity equalization, perturbation theory-based nonlinearity compensation, and phase conjugation. We also carry out numerical simulation and the complexity evaluation of the selected nonlinearity compensation techniques.
6

HERMANN, J. A. "SELF-FOCUSING EFFECTS AND APPLICATIONS USING THIN NONLINEAR MEDIA." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 01, no. 03 (July 1992): 541–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199192000261.

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A model of the nonlinear optical effects attending the interaction of a laser beam with a thin Kerr-type medium has been analyzed in detail. The formalism developed is applicable to both near- and far-field situations. Some possible applications are discussed.
7

Ming-Jun Li, Shenping Li, and D. A. Nolan. "Nonlinear fibers for signal processing using optical Kerr effects." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 11 (November 2005): 3606–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.857768.

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Lu, Shao-Shuai, Yong-Pan Gao, Tie-Jun Wang, and Chuan Wang. "The Nonlinear Effects of a Kerr-Resonator Optomechanical System." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 57, no. 4 (December 9, 2017): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-017-3628-8.

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Nikolopoulos, Georgios M. "Effects of Kerr Nonlinearity in Physical Unclonable Functions." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 11985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122311985.

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We address the question of whether the presence of Kerr nonlinearity in multiple-scattering optical media offers any advantage with respect to the design of physical unclonable functions. Our results suggest that under certain conditions, nonlinear physical unclonable functions can be more robust against the potential cloning of the medium relative to their linear counterparts that have been exploited in the context of various cryptographic applications.
10

Kovachev, Lubomir M. "Optical vortices in dispersive nonlinear Kerr-type media." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2004, no. 18 (2004): 949–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171204301018.

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The applied method of slowly varying amplitudes gives us the possibility to reduce the nonlinear vector integrodifferential wave equation of the electrical and magnetic vector fields to the amplitude vector nonlinear differential equations. Using this approximation, different orders of dispersion of the linear and nonlinear susceptibility can be estimated. Critical values of parameters to observe different linear and nonlinear effects are determined. The obtained amplitude equations are a vector version of3D+1nonlinear Schrödinger equation (VNSE) describing the evolution of slowly varying amplitudes of electrical and magnetic fields in dispersive nonlinear Kerr-type media. We show that VNSE admits exact vortex solutions with classical orbital momentumℓ=1and finite energy. Dispersion region and medium parameters necessary for experimental observation of these vortices are determined.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nonlinear Kerr effects":

1

Jukna, Vytautas. "Conical wave triggered transient spatio-temporal effects in Kerr media." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121001_093530-53415.

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Thesis consists of introduction, followed by five main chapters and conclusions. Introduction is devoted to the explanation of filamentation process. The mechanisms responsible for filament generation and evolution are explained first and various models of the filamentation are presented as well. The second chapter is devoted to the study on supercontinuum spectrum dependence on the initial pulse diameter. The chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the filamentation in scattering medium, and covers the performed experiment, explanation of new developed numerical scheme, and finally comparison of the numerical and experimental results. The chapter 5 describes the multifilamentation with elliptical beam. The role of the four wave mixing to the filaments periodicity is briefly explained. The periodicity dependence on the wave of intensity as well the evolution of multifilamentation is shown. Three dimensional study of the modulation instability during multifilamentation process is also presented in chapter 5. The last chapter 6 is devoted to the origin of the rogue wave statistics in supercontinuum generation, and comparison of the numeric results with experimental. At the end (chapter 7) the main conclusions of the current work are presented.
Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, penki pagrindiniai skyriai ir išvados. Įvade aiškinamas sudėtingas šviesos gijų formavimosi procesas. Paaiškinami fizikiniai reiškiniai, lemiantys šviesos gijų generacijos bei evoliucijos ypatybes, supažindinama su įvairiais šviesos gijų susidarymo ir sklidimo modeliais. Antrajame skyriuje nagrinėjama pradinio pluošto diametro įtaka superkontinuumo spektrui. Trečias skyrius, skirtas šviesos gijų generacijos sklaidančioje terpėje tyrimui, apima atlikto eksperimento bei sukurtos naujos skaitmeninio modeliavimo schemos pristatymą, ir, galiausiai, skaitmeninio modeliavimo ir eksperimentinių rezultatų palyginimą. Ketvirtame skyriuje nagrinėjama daugelio gijų generacija elipsiniais pluoštais. Trumpai paaiškinta kaskadinio keturbangio maišymo įtaka šviesos gijų periodiškumui. Ištirta šviesos gijų periodo priklausomybė nuo bangos intensyvumo, ir atskleista daugelio gijų generacijos dinamika. Moduliacinio nestabilumo analizė ir jos įtaka taip pat pateikiama ketvirtame skyriuje. Penktajame skyriuje nagrinėjama ekstremalių įvykių tūrinėje Kerro terpėje atsiradimas. Palyginami plataus spektro generacijos kompiuterinio modeliavimo ir eksperimento metu surinkti statistiniai duomenys. Pabaigoje pateikti pagrindiniai darbo rezultatai ir išvados.
2

Liu, Jingtian. "Shaping Strategies to Embrace Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber Communications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT007.

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Le principal obstacle aux communications longue distance est l'interférence non linéaire (NLI), résultant des effets non linéaires dans les canaux de fibres optiques. Bien que les algorithmes de traitement du signal numérique offrent une atténuation partielle, la nature intrinsèquement non linéaire, couplée aux effets de dispersion prédominants, continue de défier la fidélité de transmission. Aborder la non-linéarité directement à la source par des modulations intrinsèquement moins sensibles aux distortions non-linéaires est au coeur de notre stratégie de recherche. Les schémas traditionnels de modulation, à mesure que l'efficacité spectrale augmente, i.e formats QAM, deviennent de plus en plus sensibles à NLI et la distance euclidienne moyenne au carré (MSED) diminue. Bien que la modulation multi-dimensionnelle (MD) offre des gains linéaires améliorés et non linéaires partiels, elle est insuffisante. L'émergence de la mise en forme probabiliste de constellation (PCS), privilégiée pour son gain linéaire accru et sa compatibilité avec le matériel de modulation conventionnel, introduit une NLI supplémentaire. Par conséquent, la conception de PCS tolérante aux non-linéarités émerge comme une direction de recherche cruciale. Notre thèse commence par une nouvelle modulation MD pour les signaux uniformes. Ensuite, nous proposons une approche novatrice combinant MD avec PCS pour examiner les variations de performance. En explorant la PCS, nous étudions le coupleur de distribution de mise en forme (DM) sphérique énumérative, initialement d'un point de vue MD, et concevons un DM optimisé pour la tolérance non linéaire sur de courtes distances. Par la suite, nous introduisons une nouvelle technique de mesure d'NLI, prenant en compte les effets de dispersion. En intégrant cela au cadre de sélection de séquence de la PCS, nous réalisons une transmission longue distance réussie avec des gains non linéaires notables
The main impediment in long-distance communications is nonlinear interference (NLI), stemming from nonlinear effects in optical fibers. While Digital signal processing algorithms offer partial mitigation, the inherent nonlinear nature of the fiber, coupled with predominant dispersion effects, continues to challenge the increase of transmission throughputs. Addressing nonlinearity at the information source through signal modulation technology is at the heart of our research. Traditional modulation schemes, as spectral efficiency climbs, such as QAM, become increasingly susceptible to NLI while their Mean Squared Euclidean Distance (MSED) diminishes. While multi-dimensional (MD) modulation yields improved linear and partial nonlinear gains, it has not yet demonstrated tangible benefits. On the other hand, the emergence of probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), preferred for its enhanced linear gain and compatibility with conventional modulation hardware and software, introduces additional NLI. Consequently, the design of nonlinear-tolerant PCS is emerging as a pivotal research direction. Our thesis begins with a novel MD modulation for uniformly distributed signals. Then, we propose a novel approach combining MD with PCS to examine performance variations. Delving into PCS, we investigate the enumerative sphere shaping distribution matcher (DM), initially from an MD stance, and design a DM optimized for nonlinear tolerance over shorter distances. Subsequently, we introduce a new NLI measurement technique, accounting for dispersion effects. Integrating this with the sequence selection framework of PCS, we achieve successful long-distance transmission with notable nonlinear gains
3

Becerra, Castro Emilio Manuel 1977. "Efeitos óticos não-lineares transversais a baixas intensidades de luz." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278228.

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Orientador: Luís Eduardo Evangelista de Araujo
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T04:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BecerraCastro_EmilioManuel_D.pdf: 3066640 bytes, checksum: 3e7ff0e58dae7364f9f6d0b5f37924eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Neste tese apresentamos um estudo teórico dos efeitos de coerência atómica em vapor atómico com o propósito de estudar teoricamente efeitos óticos não-lineares transversais a baixas intensidades de luz. Sob a condição da transparência induzida eletromagneticamente, um meio atómico pode desenvolver não-linearidades óticas gigantes, possibilitando a observação de efeitos óticos não-lineares a baixas intensidades. Investigamos três efeitos transversais: emissão cónica, focalização induzida e feixes de vórtices induzidos eletromagneticamente. Todos estes três efeitos têm origem na modulação de fase cruzada entre um laser de prova e um laser sinal, ambos fracos, com intensidades abaixo da intensidade de saturação das transições às quais estão acopladas. Em emissão cónica, descrevemos a formação de anéis ao redor de um feixe de prova fraco. No estudo de focalização induzida, descrevemos como que a aplicação de uma máscara de intensidade ao feixe sinal pode levar à formação de lentes GRIN no vapor atómico, induzindo à focalização do laser de prova. Por último, estudamos a conversão do feixe de prova em um feixe de vórtice ótico pela aplicação de uma máscara de intensidade espiral ao feixe sinal
Abstract: In this thesis we present theoretical study of the effects of atomic coherence in atomic vapor for the purpose of studying theoretically transverse nonlinear optical effects at low light levels. Under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency, an atomic medium can develop giant optical nonlinearities, allowing the observation of nonlinear optical effects to low intensities. We investigate three transverse effects: conical emission, induced focusing and electromagnetically induced vortices. All three of these effects stem from cross-phase modulation between probe and a signal laser, both weak with intensities below the saturation intensity the transitions to they coupled. In conical emission, we describe the formation of rings around a weak probe beam. In the study of induced focusing, we describe how applying an intensity mask to the signal beam can lead to the formation of GRIN lenses the atomic vapor, leading to focusing of the probe laser. Finally, we studied the conversion of the probe beam into an optical vortex beam by applying a spiral intensity mask to the signal beam
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
4

Kaassamani, Shatha. "Polarization Spectroscopy of High Order Harmonic Generation in Semiconductors Orbital angular momentum from semiconductor high-order harmonics All semiconductor enhanced highharmonic generation from a single nanostructured cone." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP091.

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Depuis sa première observation, la génération d'harmonique d'ordre élevé (HHG) dans les cristaux s'est avérée d'être une source efficace, contrôlable et compacte de rayonnement XUV cohérent. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la génération d'harmonique d'ordre élevé (HHG) dans le graphène, et dans différents semi-conducteurs principalement oxyde de zinc, silicium, arséniure de gallium et oxyde de magnésium. Nous observons que les propriétés du laser, notamment l'intensité, polarisation et ellipticité ainsi que les propriétés du cristal impactent de manière corrélée au processus de génération d'harmonique. De plus, nous surlignons le rôle important des effets de propagation linéaire et non linéaire, surtout l'effet Kerr, qui peut modifier l'efficacité de génération d'harmonique. Bien que ceux-ci induisent des limitations, dans certaines conditions ils présentent un avantage. Finalement, nous démontrons la possibilité d'augmenter localement l'intensité du laser par confinement dans un cône nanostructuré et ainsi d’accroître le flux harmonique généré. Enfin, nous démontrons une application en imagerie par diffraction cohérente de la source harmonique nanostructurée
Since its first observation, a decade ago, high harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals has proved to be an efficient, controllable and compact source of coherent XUV radiation. In this thesis, we investigate HHG in 2D materials, particularly graphene, and in different semiconductor crystals mainly zinc oxide, silicon, gallium arsenide and magnesium oxide. We find that the laser properties, such as its intensity, polarization and ellipticity, and the crystal properties are interrelated. Moreover, we shed the light on the role of the linear and nonlinear propagation effects mainly the Kerr effect, upon laser interaction with the crystal, which can significantly influence the high harmonic generation efficiency. Although this presents major limitations, we show that in some cases it turns out to be an advantage. Finally, we demonstrate the manipulation of the harmonic radiation at the source of the emission by patterning nanostructures to confine and enhance nanojoule laser pulses, and generate harmonic beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Lastly, we successfully image a micrometer-sized sample by the coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) technique based on solid-state harmonics
5

Balakireva, Irina. "Nonlinear dynamics of Kerr optical frequency combs." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2043.

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La présente thèse est consacrée à l’étude des peignes optiques de Kerr dans les résonateurs àmodes de galerie, au sein desquels la lumière peut être excitée par pompage externe. L’effet Kerrexistant dans ces résonateurs engendre des modes latéraux équidistants (dans le domaine spectral)de part et d’autre du mode excité, c’est à dire un peigne de fréquence. Cette thèse est diviséeen trois chapitres. Le premier est dédié à l’introduction de la génération de ces peignes et leurapplications. Le deuxième chapitre présente l’analyse de l’équation de Lugiato-Lefever, décrivantde manière analytique le système, et conduit à la construction de deux diagrammes de bifurcationpour les dispersions normale et anomale. Ils sont tracés en fonction des deux seuls paramètresexpérimentalement contrôlables une fois le résonateur fabriqué : la puissance du laser et sondécalage de fréquence. Ces diagrammes indiquent les plages de paramètres pour lesquels une,deux, ou trois solutions existent ainsi que leur stabilité. Les simulations numériques renseignentle type exact de solution associée à chaque aire (notamment les solitons brillants et sombres, lesbreathers, les peignes optiques de Kerr de premier et deuxième ordre, et un régime chaotique) ; cesdiagrammes indiquent donc les paramètres du laser à choisir afin de générer la solution souhaitée.Le troisième chapitre est dédié aux peignes de Kerr optique secondaires, lignes additionnelles dansle domaine spectral générées entre les lignes du peigne principal. Ils apparaissent en dispersionanormale, lorsque la quantité de photon pompe excède un seuil dit de second ordre, qui a étédéterminé numériquement
This thesis is dedicated to the study of the Kerr optical frequency combs in whispering gallery moderesonators, where the light can be excited by the extern pump. Due to the Kerr effect existing in theseresonators, the quasi-equidistant lines in the spectral domain are generated around the excited mode,that is the frequency comb. This thesis is devided in three chapters. The first one is dedicated to theintroduction of the Kerr comb generation and their applications.The second one presents the analysisof the Lugiato-Lefever equation used for the analytical study of the system, leading to the constructionof two bifurcation diagrams for the normal and anomalous dispersions. They are plotted for twoparameters, which can be controlled during experiments once the resonator has been fabricated,which are the pump power of the laser and its frequency detuning. These diagrams show the areas ofthe parameters for which one, two, or three solutions exist and their stability. The additional numericalsimulations show the exact type of the solution in each area (such as the bright and dark solitons,the breathers, the primary and secondary Kerr combs and chaotical regimes), finally these diagramsshow the parameters of the laser needed to be choosen for the generation of the desired solution.The third chapter is dedicated to the secondary Kerr combs, which are the additional lines generatedbetween the lines of the primary comb. They appear in the anomalous dispersion regime, when thequantity of the pump photons crosses the second-order threshold, which has been found numerically
6

Rasekh, Payman. "Kerr Effect at the THz Frequencies." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41085.

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This doctoral dissertation focuses on the nonlinear optical response of water vapour as well as some solids at terahertz (THz) frequencies. In this study, the propagation of broadband single-cycle THz pulses through a medium with the third-order nonlinear optical response is theoretically investigated. Also, a technique to measure the nonlinear response of transparent materials based on the time-domain THz spectroscopy is developed, which provides frequency dispersion curves of the nonlinear Kerr coefficient (n₂). A numerical model is used to simulate the THz pulse propagation. This model takes into account non-paraxial effects, self-focusing, and diffraction, as well as dispersion, in both the linear and nonlinear optical regimes. The contribution of non-instantaneous Kerr-type nonlinearity to the overall instantaneous and delayed Kerr effect at the THz frequencies is investigated. It is shown how increasing the nonlinear relaxation time and its dispersion modifies the THz pulse after the propagation through a transparent medium. The effect of linear dispersion on self-action during pulse propagation is also discussed. Moreover, the nonlinear spectroscopy of water vapour at THz frequencies is reported. Atmospheric water vapour has a rich spectrum with several strong resonances at frequencies below 3 THz, falling within the range of operation of most existing THz sources. An extremely large nonlinear response to THz radiation is observed at the positions of these resonances. Using the optical Kerr model for the nonlinear response, a minimum nonlinear refractive index of the order of 10² m²/W is estimated. The results provide insight into the energy levels of the water molecule and give a more accurate picture of its response to electromagnetic radiation, paving the way to more accurate THz spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing systems, and thereby facilitating future emerging THz technologies. Finally, the nonlinear response of solids at THz frequencies is studied. It has been shown that a phonon-induced THz Kerr effect can result in a larger nonlinear refractive index than the nonlinear refractive index at the visible or near-infrared range (optical Kerr effect). This pronounced nonlinear optical behavior is verified using a time-domain characterization approach. The results indicate a large delay occurred to the THz fields as they transmit through some of the material samples. In the frequency domain, the induced nonlinear phase shift of the intense THz field is shown to be relatively large of the order of 0.1 rad. From the phase information, the nonlinear phase is extracted by which the dispersion profile of n₂ is obtained.
7

Squire, Anthony. "Incoherent laser light as a probe of ultrafast nonlinear optics." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296168.

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Laban, Dane Edward. "Highly Nonlinear Optical Phenomena with Few-Cycle Light Pulses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365337.

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This thesis details two investigations of highly nonlinear optical phenomena using few-cycle light pulses. Specifically, self-focusing in air with carrier-envelope phase locked pulses and high-order harmonic generation from successive sources. Producing few-cycle light pulses with a sufficient intensity to observe these phenomena has only become possible with the recent development of mode-locked lasers. By observing the behaviour of atoms in such an intense electromagnetic field, new conclusions can be drawn on the nature of nonlinear phenomena. Intense electromagnetic fields propagate nonlinearly and one effect that plays an important role in determining the propagation is the Kerr effect. This effect makes it possible for an intense light pulse to undergo self-focusing, in which the light modifies the spatial refractive index of the medium such that the light is brought to a focus. The position of the self-focus is determined by the power of the light pulse relative to a critical power for self-focusing that is a property of the medium. When using a few-cycle pulse, shifting the carrier-envelope phase alters the peak value of the electric field within the pulse envelope that determines the maximum instantaneous power achieved. In this thesis, self-focusing in air with a 6.3 fs, 800 nm pulse was investigated. The critical power of self-focusing was measured to be 18 ± 1 GW. A first-order theory was developed and predicted that altering the carrier-envelope phase would shift the focus by 790 µm. When the experiment was performed, no change in the focus position was observed and a 3σ upper limit to a fit of the data gave a total shift of 180 µm.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Zhang, Weiya. "Effect of a thin optical Kerr medium on a Laguerre-Gaussian beam and the applications." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/W_Zhang_121306.pdf.

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Bree, Carsten. "Self-compression of intense optical pulses and the filamentary regime of nonlinear optics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16430.

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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Femtosekunden-Filamenten in dispersiven, transparenten Medien. Die Erzeugung optischer Femtosekunden-Impulse durch Selbstkompression in Edelgasen wird unter theoretischen und experimentellen Aspekt behandelt, wobei die zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Mechanismen aufgezeigt werden. Dazu werden numerische Simulationen hochintensiver Femtosekunden-Impulse in Edelgasen durchgeführt, und eine analytische Beschreibung der Selbstkompression wird entwickelt. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wird eine bisher nur theoretisch vorhergesagte Selbstheilungseigenschaft des zeitlichen Impulsverlaufs in Femtosekunden-Filamenten nachgewiesen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die zeitliche Impulsform stabil gegenüber einer adiabatisch einsetzenden, temporären Zunahme von Dispersion und Nichtlinearität um jeweils drei Größenordnungen ist, wie sie beim Durchgang durch das Austrittsfenster einer gasgefüllten Zelle auftritt. Die optische Feldstärke in Filamenten ist vergleichbar mit inneratomaren Bindungskräften. Bei derart hohen Intensitäten treten hochgradig nichtlineare Effekte wie Multiphoton- oder Tunnelionisation auf. Neuere experimentelle Befunde deuten an, dass die Sättigung des optischen Kerr-Effekts eine entscheidende Rolle in Filamenten spielt, im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Annahme der Sättigung der optischen Nichtlinearität durch freie Ladungsträger. Dieser Befund wird derzeit in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein unabhängiger theoretischer Ansatz verfolgt, um Beiträge hoher Ordnungen zum optisch-optischen Kerr-Effekt aus einer Kramers-Kronig Transformation des Multiphoton-Absorptionskoeffizienten abzuschätzen. Auschließlich ausgehend von physikalischen Grundprinzipien sowie einiger moderater Näherungen stützen diese Ergebnisse ein kürzlich vorgeschlagenes Modell, welches relevante Beiträge höherer Ordnung zum optisch-optischen Kerr-Effekt vorhersagt.
This thesis discusses femtosecond filaments in dispersive dielectric media. In particular, the generation of intense, few-cycle optical pulses due to self-compression in noble gases is analyzed from a theoretical as well as from an experimental viewpoint, clearly isolating the physical mechanisms behind the observed pulse self-compression mechanism. To this end, numerical simulations of high-intensity femtosecond pulses propagating in noble gases were performed, and an analytical model of the processes leading to pulse self-compression was developed. Moreover, a theoretically predicted temporal self-healing property of femtosecond filaments is experimentally proven, demonstrating that few-cycle optical pulses can recover and even benefit from a temporary, non-adiabatic increase of dispersion and nonlinearity of the order of three magnitudes as experienced during the passage from a gaseous medium to a thin silica sample. Filamentation sets in at field strengths that approach the order of inner-atomic binding forces. At these extreme intensities, highly nonlinear effects such as multiphoton ionization or tunneling effects occur. Recent experimental investigations claim a prevalent contribution of a saturation of the optical Kerr effect in filamentation prior to the onset of Drude-contributions from ionization effects. This finding is currently controversially discussed in literature. In this thesis, an independent theoretical approach was pursued, estimating high-order contributions to the all-optical Kerr effect via a Kramers-Kronig transform of multiphoton absorption cross-sections. Quite surprisingly, while only based on first principles with some moderate approximations, the results of this analysis are in strong support of the recently suggested higher-order Kerr model.
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Books on the topic "Nonlinear Kerr effects":

1

Déjardin, Jean-Louis. Dynamic Kerr effect: The use and limits of the Smoluchowski equation and nonlinear inertial responses. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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2

Anjan, Biswas. Introduction to non-Kerr law optical solitons. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2007.

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He, Guang S. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895615.001.0001.

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Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book that comprehensively covers the following three major areas: (1) Quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes; (2) Various stimulated scattering effects, including the early discovered stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the later investigated stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), and the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS); (3) Multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects, photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects. Each chapter covers: (i) the concept and mechanism description, (ii) the necessary theoretical formulation, (iii) the experimental research achievements, and (iv) the scientific/technological applications. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is useful and suitable for academics, experts, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.
4

Glazov, M. M. Electron & Nuclear Spin Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanostructures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807308.001.0001.

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In recent years, the physics community has experienced a revival of interest in spin effects in solid state systems. On one hand, solid state systems, particularly semicon- ductors and semiconductor nanosystems, allow one to perform benchtop studies of quantum and relativistic phenomena. On the other hand, interest is supported by the prospects of realizing spin-based electronics where the electron or nuclear spins can play a role of quantum or classical information carriers. This book aims at rather detailed presentation of multifaceted physics of interacting electron and nuclear spins in semiconductors and, particularly, in semiconductor-based low-dimensional structures. The hyperfine interaction of the charge carrier and nuclear spins increases in nanosystems compared with bulk materials due to localization of electrons and holes and results in the spin exchange between these two systems. It gives rise to beautiful and complex physics occurring in the manybody and nonlinear system of electrons and nuclei in semiconductor nanosystems. As a result, an understanding of the intertwined spin systems of electrons and nuclei is crucial for in-depth studying and control of spin phenomena in semiconductors. The book addresses a number of the most prominent effects taking place in semiconductor nanosystems including hyperfine interaction, nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamical nuclear polarization, spin-Faraday and -Kerr effects, processes of electron spin decoherence and relaxation, effects of electron spin precession mode-locking and frequency focusing, as well as fluctuations of electron and nuclear spins.
5

Biswas, Anjan, and Swapan Konar. Introduction to non-Kerr Law Optical Solitons (Chapman & Hall/Crc Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Science). Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nonlinear Kerr effects":

1

Abdullaev, F. Kh, and S. Sh Tadjimuratov. "The Action of Effects of Dissipation, Dispersion and Nonstationary Kerr Nonlinearity on the Propagation of Solitons in Resonant Media." In Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems, 183–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76172-0_39.

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2

Li, Chunfei. "Optical Kerr Effect and Self-focusing." In Nonlinear Optics, 109–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1488-8_5.

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Crosignani, Bruno, Paolo Di Porto, and Emanuele Caglioti. "The Optical Kerr Effect in Fibers." In Nonlinear Waves in Solid State Physics, 275–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5898-5_9.

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4

Rathea, U., Μ. Fleischhauer, and Marlan O. Scully. "Optical nonlinearities and the Kerr-effect in phaseonium." In Frontiers in Nonlinear Optics, 17–25. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003209638-2.

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Brée, Carsten. "Saturation and Inversion of the All-Optical Kerr Effect." In Nonlinear Optics in the Filamentation Regime, 79–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30930-4_4.

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Dejardin, J. L., and G. Debiais. "Nonlinear Dielectric and KERR Effect Relaxation in Alternating Fields." In Advances in Chemical Physics, 241–380. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470141502.ch4.

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Qiu, Z. Q., and S. D. Bader. "Kerr Effect and Surface Magnetism." In Nonlinear Optics in Metals, 1–3. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198518938.003.0001.

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Abstract The investigation of magneto-optical effects is historically rooted in the early part of the nineteenth century when physicists started to search for relationships between various natural phenomena. Magneto-optical searches date back to 1812 when Domenico Morichini of Rome erroneously claimed that steel needles could be magnetized utilizing violet radiation in the solar spectrum. A null result was reported circa 1825, when Sir John Herschel examined the propagation of a beam of polarized light along the axis of a helix carrying an electric current. Then, in 1845, Michael Faraday reported his now famous magneto-optical experiments. He found that the polarization of a beam of light rotates while travelling in a magnetized medium. Let us humble ourselves by looking back at those times of great discovery.
8

Moeller, Lothar. "Non-Manakovian Propagation in Optical Fiber." In The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103694.

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Solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation or similar calculus is essential for designing today’s long-haul optical communication systems. Associated numerical and analytical approaches were extensively studied over the past four decades; simplifications and adaptions for various applications and purposes have been introduced. Optical fibers installed in long-haul systems possess nonideal features such as birefringence, which some of these adaptions partially address to improve the simulation accuracy. But as the fiber birefringence frequently and randomly changes along a link, finding a mathematical solution is a more complex problem and beyond the task of dealing with the nonlinear nature of the corresponding equations. Recently, a novel propagation phenomenon related to the polarization evolution of a signal has been observed. In links with considerable length, i.e., bridging transatlantic or transpacific distances, the polarization state of a light wave is impacted by neighboring signals via the Kerr nonlinearity in glass. Established formalisms for describing polarization effects based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation cannot fully capture this phenomenon. Here we discuss a first-order calculus for this problem. We start with high-level reviews of experimental observations to introduce the phenomenon and ways to model regular nonlinear propagation. Then we present a first-order calculus to describe the statistics behind the phenomenon by specifically discussing the interplay between fiber birefringence and fiber nonlinearities.
9

"Optical Kerr effect." In Nonlinear Optics, 239–62. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17890-15.

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10

Newnham, Robert E. "Magneto-optics." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0033.

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The magneto-optic properties of interest are the Faraday Effect, Kerr Rotation, and the Cotton–Mouton Effect. In 1846, Michael Faraday discovered that when linearly polarized light passes through glass in the presence of a magnetic field, the plane of polarization is rotated. The Faraday Effect is now used in a variety of microwave and optical devices. Normally the Faraday experiment is carried out in transmission, but rotation also occurs in reflection, the so-called Kerr Rotation that is used in magneto-optic disks with Mbit storage capability. Other magneto-optic phenomena of less practical interest include the Cotton– Mouton Effect, a quadratic relationship between birefringence and magnetic field, and magnetic circular dichroism that is closely related to the Faraday Effect. A number of nonlinear optical effects of magnetic or magnetoelectric origin are also under study. Almost all these magnetooptical effects are caused by the splitting of electronic energy levels by a magnetic field. This splitting was first discovered by the Dutch physicist Zeeman in 1896, and is referred to as the Zeeman Effect. When linearly polarized light travels parallel to a magnetic field, the plane of polarization is rotated through an angle ψ. It is found that the angle of rotation is given by . . . ψ(ω) = V(ω)Ht, . . . where H is the applied magnetic field, t is the sample thickness, ω is the angular frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and V(ω) is the Verdet coefficient. Faraday rotation is observed in nonmagnetic materials as well as in ferromagnets. The Verdet coefficient of a commercial one-way glass is plotted as a function of wavelength in Fig. 31.1(a). Corning 8363 is a rare earth borate glass developed to remove reflections from optical systems. A polarized laser beam is transmitted through the glass parallel to the applied magnetic field. The plane of polarization is rotated 45◦ by the Faraday Effect. The transmitted beam passes through the analyzer that is set at 45◦ to the polarizer. But the reflected waves coming from the surface of the glass and from the analyzer are rotated another 45◦ as they return toward the laser.

Conference papers on the topic "Nonlinear Kerr effects":

1

Rahman, B. M. A., Y. Liu, P. A. Buah, K. T. V. Grattan, F. A. Fernandez, R. D. Ettinger, and J. B. Davies. "Accurate Finite Element Analysis of Nonlinear Optical Fibers." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.we11.

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Nonlinear optical effects in fibers such as optical solitons are closely related to the optical Kerr effect[1]. Calculations are presented here of propagation constants, field distributions and spot sizes, in step index and graded index optical fibers with Kerr- and saturation-type nonlinearities.
2

Leshem, Amir, Zhen Qi, Thomas F. Carruthers, Curtis R. Menyuk, and Omri Gat. "Thermal Instabilities, Oscillations, and Frequency Combs in Kerr Microresonators." In Nonlinear Photonics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/np.2022.npw2f.3.

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In a theoretical study of dissipative heating in Kerr microresonators we show that thermal effects shift the coexistence wedge and modulational instability curve of continuous waves, so as to block access to frequency combs, and exhibit a path circumventing the obstruction. Thermal oscillations occur beyond a Hopf bifurcation curve.
3

Firth, W. J., and C. Penman. "Counterpropagation in Kerr Media: Combined Diffractive–Dispersive Instabilities." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nldos.1990.stdopd142.

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Instabilities arising from counterpropagation in Kerr Media are analysed. Diffractive (transverse) and dispersive effects are combined in a unified framework. Analogous results for polarisation effects are presented.
4

Khoshnevisan, Monte, and Pochi Yeh. "Relationship Between Nonlinear Electrostrictive Kerr Effects And Acousto-Optics." In OE LASE'87 and EO Imaging Symp (January 1987, Los Angeles), edited by Ira Abramowitz and Robert A. Fisher. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.939705.

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5

Hansson, Tobias, Martino Bernard, and Stefan Wabnitz. "Polarization Effects and Nonlinear Mode Coupling in Kerr Microresonators." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2018.fth1e.2.

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6

Ju, H., E. C. Lee, S. K. Yang, Jisoon Ihm, and Hyeonsik Cheong. "Quantum Squeezing by Optical Kerr Effects in Nonlinear Waveguides." In PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS: 30th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3666711.

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7

Gravé, Ilan, Mordechai Segev, and Amnon Yariv. "Phase conjugation at 10.6 μm via intersubband third order nonlinearities in multi quantum well structures." In Nonlinear Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlo.1992.mb4.

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The study of nonlinear optical effects in semiconductor multi quantum well (MQW) subbands and the related applications is a subject of current interest. Greatly enhanced second order nonlinearities, as compared to those in bulk materials, have been observed by different groups. Recently third order nonlinear effects were probed: via the DC Kerr effect(1), where very large enhancement ratios over bulk values were observed, and using a four wave mixing scheme(2) to measure a large χ(3), all in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices.
8

Saffman, M., D. Montgomery, A. A. Zozulya, K. Kuroda, and D. Z. Anderson. "Transverse Instability of Counterpropagating Waves in Photorefractive Media." In Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices II. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pmed.1993.frd.13.

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9

Silberberg, Y., V. L. da Silva, J. P. Heritage, E. W. Chase, M. A. Saifi, and M. J. Andrejco. "Coherent Effects in Er-doped Fibers: Photon-Echo with Femtosecond Pulses." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1991.tua1.

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Optical fibers have proven to be one of the most important nonlinear media, even though in most cases the nonlinearity exploited is the notoriously weak Kerr effect of the silica-based fiber. By using doped fibers, new, stronger nonlinearities are possible. These stronger effects could allow for new phenomena and applications. Coherent effects, in particular, should be important when pulses shorter or comparable to the dephasing time of the impurity ions propagate in the fiber. Here we report, for the first time, the observation of accumulated photon-echo and free induction decay during the propagation of femtosecond pulses in Er doped fibers at 4.2°K.
10

Karlsson, M., D. Anderson, M. Desaix, and M. Lisak. "Dynamic Effects of Kerr Nonlinearity and Spatial Diffraction on Self Phase Modulation of Optical Pulses." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1991.wc7.

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It is well known, cf [1] that the optical Kerr effect can give rise to self - focusing and is responsible for self phase modulation of optical pulses. The formal analogy between the phenomena of spatial diffraction and temporal dispersion of optical pulses was pointed out very early [2]. However, only recently the two aspects have come together in the strong interest which has focussed on optical pulses propagating under the combined influence of nonlinearity, temporal dispersion and spatial diffraction [3-7]. Of particular interest is the possibility of generating optical pulses which collapse simultaneously in space and time due to the inherent instability of solitons in higher dimensions.

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