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Academic literature on the topic 'Nonequilibrim steady statte'

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Published: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Nonequilibrim steady statte"

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Humenyuk, Y. A. "Thermodynamic Quantities of a Low-Density Gas in the Weakly Nonequilibrium Heat-Conduction Steady State." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 61, no. 5 (May 2016): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe61.05.0400.

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Baranyai, András. "Temperature of nonequilibrium steady-state systems." Physical Review E 62, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): 5989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.5989.

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Hayakawa, Hisao, and Atsushi Kawarada. "Nonequilibrium Steady State in Vibrating Granular Gases." Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 161 (2006): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.161.195.

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Hernández-Machado, A., and David Jasnow. "Stability of a nonequilibrium steady-state interface." Physical Review A 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1988): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.37.656.

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Ohta, Takao, and Takahiro Ohkuma. "Fluctuations and Response in Nonequilibrium Steady State." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 77, no. 7 (July 15, 2008): 074004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.77.074004.

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SEWELL, GEOFFREY L. "QUANTUM MACROSTATISTICAL THEORY OF NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATES." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 17, no. 09 (October 2005): 977–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x05002492.

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We provide a general macrostatistical formulation of nonequilibrium steady states of reservoir driven quantum systems. This formulation is centered on the large scale properties of the locally conserved hydrodynamical observables, and our basic physical assumptions comprise (a) a chaoticity hypothesis for the nonconserved currents carried by these observables, (b) an extension of Onsager's regression hypothesis to fluctuations about nonequilibrium states, and (c) a certain mesoscopic local equilibrium hypothesis. On this basis, we obtain a picture wherein the fluctuations of the hydrodynamical variables about a nonequilibrium steady state execute a Gaussian Markov process of a generalized Onsager–Machlup type, which is completely determined by the position dependent transport coefficients and the equilibrium entropy function of the system. This picture reveals that the transport coefficients satisfy a generalized form of the Onsager reciprocity relations in the nonequilibrium situation and that the spatial correlations of the hydrodynamical observables are generically of long range. This last result constitutes a model-independent quantum mechanical generalization of that obtained for special classical stochastic systems and marks a striking difference between the steady nonequilibrium and equilibrium states, since it is only at critical points that the latter carry long range correlations.
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Hershfield, Selman. "Reformulation of steady state nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics." Physical Review Letters 70, no. 14 (April 5, 1993): 2134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.70.2134.

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Dubkov, Alexander A., Pavel N. Makhov, and Bernardo Spagnolo. "Nonequilibrium steady-state distributions in randomly switching potentials." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 325, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00179-1.

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Heide, Carsten, and Nikolai F. Schwabe. "Ensemble properties in quantum steady-state nonequilibrium theories." Physical Review B 57, no. 19 (May 15, 1998): 11862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.57.11862.

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Hołyst, Robert, Karol Makuch, Konrad Giżyński, Anna Maciołek, and Paweł J. Żuk. "Fundamental Relation for Gas of Interacting Particles in a Heat Flow." Entropy 25, no. 9 (September 4, 2023): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25091295.

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There is a long-standing question of whether it is possible to extend the formalism of equilibrium thermodynamics to the case of nonequilibrium systems in steady-states. We have made such an extension for an ideal gas in a heat flow. Here, we investigated whether such a description exists for the system with interactions: the van der Waals gas in a heat flow. We introduced a steady-state fundamental relation and the parameters of state, each associated with a single way of changing energy. The first law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics follows from these parameters. The internal energy U for the nonequilibrium states has the same form as in equilibrium thermodynamics. For the van der Waals gas, U(S*,V,N,a*,b*) is a function of only five parameters of state (irrespective of the number of parameters characterizing the boundary conditions): the effective entropy S*, volume V, number of particles N, and rescaled van der Waals parameters a*, b*. The state parameters, a*, b*, together with S*, determine the net heat exchange with the environment. The net heat differential does not have an integrating factor. As in equilibrium thermodynamics, the steady-state fundamental equation also leads to the thermodynamic Maxwell relations for measurable steady-state properties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nonequilibrim steady statte"

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Hammami, Mayssa. "Théorèmes de fluctuation détaillés pour les flux d'énergie dans les réseaux harmoniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0014.

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Cette thèse porte sur la mécanique statistique hors équilibre des réseaux d'oscillateurs harmoniques, et plus particulièrement sur la statistique des fluctuations des flux d'énergie dans ces réseaux. C'est un travail original qui s'intéresse à la théorie mathématique du transport sur des réseaux de systèmes mécaniques. Ces modèles jouent un rôle important dans les développements actuels de la mécanique statistique hors équilibre, aussi bien, au niveau de la théorie que des expériences. En effet, contrairement à la mécanique statistique de l'équilibre qui est une discipline bien établie sur des bases universellement acceptées, la mécanique statistique des systèmes hors équilibre est une théorie naissante dont les bases théoriques sont encore fragiles. Une des avancées les plus marquantes dans son développement durant les dernières décennies est la découverte de relations de fluctuations universelles pour la production d'entropie et de leurs implications pour la théorie de la réponse linéaire.Ce travail consiste à mettre en œuvre l'approche axiomatique des relations de fluctuations des systèmes dynamiques classiques dans le cas des réseaux harmoniques. Il présente une poursuite des travaux de [JPS], où des Principes de Grandes Déviations et des Relations de fluctuations ont été démontrés pour la production d'entropie. Nous visons les statistiques des fluctuations des flux de chaleurs de ces réseaux d'oscillateurs. En une première étape, nous décrivons une condition de contrôlabilité du système d'oscillateurs pour un Principe de Grandes Déviations local et les Relations de fluctuations associées. Ensuite, nous étalons notre discussion et nous dérivons un Principe de Grandes Déviations global en imposant certaines conditions sur le réseau
This thesis focuses on the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of harmonic oscillator networks, and more particularly on the statistics of fluctuations of energy fluxes in these networks. It is an original work that is related to the mathematical theory of transport on networks of mechanical systems. These models play an important role in the current developments of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, both in theory and in experiments. Indeed, unlike the statistical mechanics of equilibrium, which is a discipline well established on universally accepted bases, the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium systems, is a nascent theory whose theoretical bases are still fragile. One of the most significant advance in its development during the recent decades is the discovery of universal fluctuation relationships for the production of entropy and their implications for linear response theory.This work consists in implementing the axiomatic approach of the fluctuation relationships of classical dynamic systems in the case of harmonic networks. It presents a continuation of [JPS], where a Large Deviation Principles and Fluctuation Relations were demonstrated for the entropy production. We aim for statistics of the fluctuations of heat fluxes of these oscillator networks. In a first step, we describe a condition of controllability of the oscillator system to obtain a local Large Deviation Principle and associated Fluctuation Relations. Then, we develop our discussion and derive a global Large Deviation Principle by imposing some condition on the network
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Paneni, Carlo. "Temporal Asymmetry of Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Steady States." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367288.

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We conduct a comprehensive and systematic study of the temporal asymmetries of the fluctuations in properties of nonequilibrium, deterministic and reversible systems. Our motivation stems from the theories that predict asymmetry of fluctuation paths in stochastic dynamics. However, stochastic descriptions are an approximation in the sense that real systems obey deterministic reversible dynamics (at the classical level). In order to understand if the predicted asymmetry is an artifact of the stochastic model, we consider the results from studies of deterministic reversible systems composed of many particles. In order to examine these systems we used molecular dynamics simulations. We thoroughly investigate the presence of temporal asymmetry in the fluctuations of various properties in nonequilibrium, microscopic simulated systems, which are reversible and deterministic. We consider systems undergoing steady state Couette shear flow, and colour diffusion. For the first time we provide light on the particular path by which irreversibility emerges from microscopic reversible dynamics out of equilibrium. Asymmetry appears to be more accentuated in the larger the fluctuations. To assess the generality of temporal asymmetries in such deterministic systems, we consider identification of temporal asymmetries using differences of cross correlation functions: we establish from theoretical arguments and numerical evidence that a microscopic system undergoing colour diffusion exhibits asymmetry in a number of cross correlation functions. Furthermore we prove that some particular cross correlation functions have necessarily to be symmetric for a reversible and deterministic system to be regarded as “physical”. We then demonstrate how to mathematically express the fluctuation paths as a correlation function. We verify with strong numerical evidence that this equivalence holds for a simulated system. In light of this link between the asymmetry of correlation functions and that of fluctuation paths, we explain the presence of asymmetry in fluctuation paths via the transient time correlation formalism. We therefore give the first theoretical justification of the emergence of asymmetry in the fluctuations of microscopic deterministic and reversible systems. In this manner we are able to provide a sound theory to explain and characterize asymmetries in the fluctuations of mesoscopic systems. Finally we briefly outline possible future research directions.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
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Konopik, Michael [Verfasser], and Eric [Akademischer Betreuer] Lutz. "Nonequilibrium steady-state physics with quantum master equations / Michael Konopik ; Betreuer: Eric Lutz." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238597726/34.

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Schwarz, Frauke [Verfasser], and Jan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Delft. "Nonequilibrium steady-state transport in quantum impurity models / Frauke Schwarz ; Betreuer: Jan von Delft." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1169572251/34.

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Klongcheongsan, Thananart. "Driven Magnetic Flux Lines in Type-II Superconductors: Nonequilibrium Steady States and Relaxation Properties." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26726.

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We investigate the nonequilibrium steady state of driven magnetic flux lines in type-II superconductors subject to strong point or columnar pinning centers and the aging dynamics of nonequilibrium relaxation process in the presence of weak point pinning centers. We employ a three-dimensional elastic line model and Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. For the first part, we characterize the system by means of the force-velocity / current-voltage curve, static structure factor, mean vortex radius of gyration, number of double-kink and half-loop excitations, and velocity / voltage noise features. We compare the results for the above quantities for randomly distributed point and columnar defects. Most of both numerical works have been done in two-dimensional systems such as thin film in which the structure of flux lines is treated as a point-like particle. Our main point of investigation in this paper is to demonstrate that the vortex structure and its other transport properties may exhibit a remarkable variety of complex phenomena in three-dimensional or bulk superconductors. The second part devotes to the study of aging phenomena in the absence of a driving force in disordered superconductors with much weaker point disorder. By investigating the density autocorrelation function, we observe all three crucial properties of the aging phenomena; slow power-law relaxation, breaking of time-translation invariance, and the presence of the dynamical scaling. We measure the dynamical exponents b and lambda_c/z and compare to other work. We find exponent values increase for increasing pinning strength, smaller interaction range, lower temperature, and denser defect density while the exponents measured in other approach tend to decrease.
Ph. D.
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Gomez-Solano, Juan Rubén. "Nonequilibrium fluctuations of a Brownian particle." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680302.

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This thesis describes an experimental study on fluctuations of a Brownian particle immersed in a fluid, confined by optical tweezers and subject to two different kinds of non-equilibrium conditions. We aim to gain a rather general understanding of the relation between spontaneous fluctuations, linear response and total entropy production for processes away from thermal equilibrium. The first part addresses the motion of a colloidal particle driven into a periodic non-equilibrium steady state by a nonconservative force and its response to an external perturbation. The dynamics of the system is analyzed in the context of several generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations derived from different theoretical approaches. We show that, when taking into account the role of currents due to the broken detailed balance, the theoretical relations are verified by the experimental data. The second part deals with fluctuations and response of a Brownian particle in two different aging baths relaxing towards thermal equilibrium: a Laponite colloidal glass and an aqueous gelatin solution. The experimental results show that heat fluxes from the particle to the bath during the relaxation process play the same role of steady state currents as a non-equilibrium correction of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Then, the present thesis provides evidence that the total entropy production constitutes a unifying concept which links the statistical properties of fluctuations and the linear response function for non-equilibrium systems either in stationary or non stationary states.
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Breier, Rebekka Elisabeth [Verfasser], Marco Giacomo [Akademischer Betreuer] Mazza, Marcus [Gutachter] Müller, and Fabio [Gutachter] Marchesoni. "Three-dimensional nonequilibrium steady state of active particles: symmetry breaking and clustering / Rebekka Elisabeth Breier (geb. Heyn) ; Gutachter: Marcus Müller, Fabio Marchesoni ; Betreuer: Marco Giacomo Mazza." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138115029/34.

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Vorberg, Daniel. "Generalized Bose-Einstein Condensation in Driven-dissipative Quantum Gases." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234044.

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Bose-Einstein condensation is a collective quantum phenomenon where a macroscopic number of bosons occupies the lowest quantum state. For fixed temperature, bosons condense above a critical particle density. This phenomenon is a consequence of the Bose-Einstein distribution which dictates that excited states can host only a finite number of particles so that all remaining particles must form a condensate in the ground state. This reasoning applies to thermal equilibrium. We investigate the fate of Bose condensation in nonisolated systems of noninteracting Bose gases driven far away from equilibrium. An example of such a driven-dissipative scenario is a Floquet system coupled to a heat bath. In these time-periodically driven systems, the particles are distributed among the Floquet states, which are the solutions of the Schrödinger equation that are time periodic up to a phase factor. The absence of the definition of a ground state in Floquet systems raises the question, whether Bose condensation survives far from equilibrium. We show that Bose condensation generalizes to an unambiguous selection of multiple states each acquiring a large occupation proportional to the total particle number. In contrast, the occupation numbers of nonselected states are bounded from above. We observe this phenomenon not only in various Floquet systems, i.a. time-periodically-driven quartic oscillators and tight-binding chains, but also in systems coupled to two baths where the population of one bath is inverted. In many cases, the occupation numbers of the selected states are macroscopic such that a fragmented condensation is formed according to the Penrose-Onsager criterion. We propose to control the heat conductivity through a chain by switching between a single and several selected states. Furthermore, the number of selected states is always odd except for fine-tuning. We provide a criterion, whether a single state (e.g., Bose condensation) or several states are selected. In open systems, which exchange also particles with their environment, the nonequilibrium steady state is determined by the interplay between the particle-number-conserving intermode kinetics and particle-number-changing pumping and loss processes. For a large class of model systems, we find the following generic sequence when increasing the pumping: For small pumping, no state is selected. The first threshold, where the stimulated emission from the gain medium exceeds the loss in a state, is equivalent to the classical lasing threshold. Due to the competition between gain, loss and intermode kinetics, further transitions may occur. At each transition, a single state becomes either selected or deselected. Counterintuitively, at sufficiently strong pumping, the set of selected states is independent of the details of the gain and loss. Instead, it is solely determined by the intermode kinetics like in closed systems. This implies equilibrium condensation when the intermode kinetics is caused by a thermal environment. These findings agree well with observations of exciton-polariton gases in microcavities. In a collaboration with experimentalists, we observe and explain the pump-power-driven mode switching in a bimodal quantum-dot micropillar cavity
Die Bose-Einstein-Kondensation ist ein Quantenphänomen, bei dem eine makroskopische Zahl von Bosonen den tiefsten Quantenzustand besetzt. Die Teilchen kondensieren, wenn bei konstanter Temperatur die Teilchendichte einen kritischen Wert übersteigt. Da die Besetzungen von angeregten Zuständen nach der Bose-Einstein-Statistik begrenzt sind, bilden alle verbleibenden Teilchen ein Kondensat im Grundzustand. Diese Argumentation ist im thermischen Gleichgewicht gültig. In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir, ob die Bose-Einstein-Kondensation in nicht wechselwirkenden Gasen fern des Gleichgewichtes überlebt. Diese Frage stellt sich beispielsweise in Floquet-Systemen, welche Energie mit einer thermischen Umgebung austauschen. In diesen zeitperiodisch getriebenen Systemen verteilen sich die Teilchen auf Floquet-Zustände, die bis auf einen Phasenfaktor zeitperiodischen Lösungen der Schrödinger-Gleichung. Die fehlende Definition eines Grundzustandes wirft die Frage nach der Existenz eines Bose-Kondensates auf. Wir finden eine Generalisierung der Bose-Kondensation in Form einer Selektion mehrerer Zustände. Die Besetzung in jedem selektierten Zustand ist proportional zur Gesamtteilchenzahl, während die Besetzung aller übrigen Zustände begrenzt bleibt. Wir beobachten diesen Effekt nicht nur in Floquet-Systemen, z.B. getriebenen quartischen Fallen, sondern auch in Systemen die an zwei Wärmebäder gekoppelt sind, wobei die Besetzung des einen invertiert ist. In vielen Fällen ist die Teilchenzahl in den selektierten Zuständen makroskopisch, sodass nach dem Penrose-Onsager Kriterium ein fragmentiertes Kondensat vorliegt. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Systems kann durch den Wechsel zwischen einem und mehreren selektierten Zuständen kontrolliert werden. Die Anzahl der selektierten Zustände ist stets ungerade, außer im Falle von Feintuning. Wir beschreiben ein Kriterium, welches bestimmt, ob es nur einen selektierten Zustand (z.B. Bose-Kondensation) oder viele selektierte Zustände gibt. In offenen Systemen, die auch Teilchen mit der Umgebung austauschen, ist der stationäre Nichtgleichgewichtszustand durch ein Wechselspiel zwischen der (Teilchenzahl-erhaltenden) Intermodenkinetik und den (Teilchenzahl-ändernden) Pump- und Verlustprozessen bestimmt. Für eine Vielzahl an Modellsystemen zeigen wir folgendes typisches Verhalten mit steigender Pumpleistung: Zunächst ist kein Zustand selektiert. Die erste Schwelle tritt auf, wenn der Gewinn den Verlust in einer Mode ausgleicht und entspricht der klassischen Laserschwelle. Bei stärkerem Pumpen treten weitere Übergänge auf, an denen je ein einzelner Zustand entweder selektiert oder deselektiert wird. Schließlich ist die Selektion überraschenderweise unabhängig von der Charakteristik des Pumpens und der Verlustprozesse. Die Selektion ist vielmehr ausschließlich durch die Intermodenkinetik bestimmt und entspricht damit den oben beschriebenen geschlossenen Systemen. Ist die Kinetik durch ein thermisches Bad hervorgerufen, tritt wie im Gleichgewicht eine Grundzustands-Kondensation auf. Unsere Theorie ist in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Beobachtungen von Exziton-Polariton-Gasen in Mikrokavitäten. In einer Kooperation mit experimentellen Gruppen konnten wir den Modenwechsel in einem bimodalen Quantenpunkt-Mikrolaser erklären
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Gersberg, Paul. "Confinement and driving effects on continuous and discrete model interfaces." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0084.

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Cette thèse examine les propriétés de l’interface entre deux phases dans un système de phases séparées. Nous regardons comment les effets de taille finies modifient les propriétés statistiques de ces interfaces,en particulier comment la dépendance de l’énergie libre par rapport à la taille du système donne lieu à des interactions de Casimir critique à longue portée proche du point critique. Souvent, les interfaces sont décrites par des modèles simplifiés ou coarse-grained dont les seuls degrés de libertés ont les hauteurs de l’interface. Nous rappelons comment les propriétés statiques et dynamiques de ces interfaces sont retrouvées à partir de modèles microscopiques de spins et de la théorie statistique des champs. Nous étudions ensuite les effets de taille finie pour les interfaces continues comme le modèle Edwards-Wilkinson ou discrètes comme le modèle Solid-On-Solid,et discutons leur pertinence dans le cadre de l’effet Casimir critique. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous examinons des modèles d’interfaces sous écoulement possédant des états stationnaires hors-équilibre. Nous développons ces équations dans le cadre du modèle C d’une interface,ayant un état stationnaire hors-équilibre lorsque soumis à un écoulement uniforme. L’état stationnaire hors-équilibre résultant exhibe des propriétés retrouvées dans les expériences sur des colloïdes sous cisaillement ,notamment la suppression des fluctuations de la hauteur de l’interface et une augmentation de la longueur de corrélation des fluctuations. Finalement,nous proposons un nouveau modèle pour des interfaces uni-dimensionnelles qui est une modification du modèle Solid-on-Solid contenant un terme supplémentaire d’entropie, dont la correspondance à des systèmes physiques reste à être trouvée
This thesis examines the properties of the interface between two phases in phase separated systems. We are interested in how finite size effects modify the statistical properties of these interfaces, in particular how the dependence of the free energy on the system size gives rise to long range critical Casimir forces close to thecritical point. Often the interfaces in phase separated systems are described by simplified or coarsegrained models whose only degrees of freedom are the interface height. We review how the statics and dynamics of these interface models can be derived from microscopic spin models and statistical field theories. We then examine finite size effects for continuous interface models such as the Edwards Wilkinson model and discrete models such as the Solid-On-Solid model and discuss their relevance to the critical Casimir effect. In the second part of the thesis we examine models of driven interfaces which have nonequilibrium steady states. We develop a model C type model of an interface which shows a nonequlibrium steady state even with constant driving. The resulting nonequlibrium steady state shows properties seen in experiments on sheared colloidal systems, notably the suppression of height fluctuations but an increase in the fluctuations’correlation length. Finally we propose a new model for one dimensional interfaces which is a modification of the solid on-solid model and containing an extra entropic term ,whose correspondance with physical systems is yet to be found
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Roy, Dipankar. "Steady state properties of discrete and continuous models of nonequilibrium phenomena." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4880.

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The understanding of nonequilibrium phenomena, of fundamental importance in statistical physics, has great implications for many physical, chemical, and biological systems. Such phenomena are observed almost everywhere in the natural world. These phenomena are characterized by complicated spatiotemporal evolution. To explore nonequilibrium phenomena we often study simple model systems that embody their essential characteristics. In this thesis, we report the results of our investigations of the statistically steady state properties of three one-dimensional models: multispecies asymmetric simple exclusion processes, the Kuramoto- Sivashinsky equation, and the Burgers equation. The thesis is divided into two parts: Part I and Part II. In Chapters 2–5 of Part I, we present our results for multispecies exclusion models, principally the phase diagrams and statistical properties of their nonequilibrium steady state (NESS). We list below abstracts of these chapters. • In Chapter 2, we consider a multispecies ASEP (mASEP) on a one-dimensional lattice with semipermeable boundaries in contact with particle reservoirs. The mASEP involves ¹2𝑟 ¸1º species of particles: 𝑟 species of positive charges and their negative counterparts as well as vacancies. At the boundaries, a species can replace or be replaced by its negative counterpart. We derive the exact nonequilibrium phase diagram for the system in the long time limit. We find two new phenomena in certain regions of the phase diagram: dynamical expulsion when the density of a species becomes zero throughout the system, and dynamical localization when the density of a species is nonzero only within an interval far from the boundaries. We give a complete explanation of the macroscopic features of the phase diagram using what we call nested fat shocks. • In Chapter 3, we study an asymmetric exclusion process with two species and vacancies on an open one-dimensional lattice called the left-permeable ASEP (LPASEP). The left boundary is permeable for the vacancies but the right boundary is not. We find a matrix product solution for the stationary state and the exact stationary phase diagram for the densities and currents. By calculating the density of each species at the boundaries, we find further structure in the stationary phases. In particular, we find that the slower species can reach and accumulate at the far boundary, even in phases where the bulk density of these particles approaches zero. • In Chapter 4, we study a multispecies generalization of the model in Chapter 3. We determine all phases in the phase diagram using an exact projection to the LPASEP solved earlier. In most phases, we observe the phenomenon of dynamical expulsion of one or more species. We explain the density profiles in each phase using interacting shocks. This explanation is corroborated by simulations. • In Chapter 5, we investigate a multispecies generalization of the single-species asymmetric simple exclusion process defined on an open one-dimensional, finite lattice connected to particle reservoirs. At the boundaries, a species can be replaced with any other species. We devise an exact projection scheme to find the phase diagram in terms of densities and currents of all species. In most of the phases, one or more species are absent in the system due to dynamical expulsion. We observe shocks as well in some regions of the phase diagram. We explain the density profiles using a generalized shock structure that is substantiated by numerical simulations. In Chapters 7 and 8 of Part II, we study the statistical properties of turbulent, but statistically steady, states of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky and the Burgers equations in one dimension. Our main results are summarized below. • In Chapter 7, we investigate the long time and large system size properties of the onedimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. Tracy-Widom and Baik-Rains distributions appear as universal limit distributions for height fluctuations in the one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) stochastic partial differential equation (PDE). We obtain the same universal distributions in the spatiotemporally chaotic, nonequilibrium, but statistically steady state of KS deterministic PDE, by carrying out extensive pseudospectral direct numerical simulations to obtain the spatiotemporal evolution of the KS height profile h(x,t) for different initial conditions. We establish, therefore, that the statistical properties of the one-dimensional (1D) KS PDE in this state are in the 1D KPZ universality class. • In Chapter 8, we study the statistical properties of decaying turbulence in the onedimensional Burgers equation, in the vanishing-viscosity limit; we start with random initial conditions, whose energy spectra have simple functional dependences on the wavenumber k: E_0(k) = A \mathcal{E}(k) exp[ - 2 k^2 / k^2_c ] , where A is a positive real number, and k_c is a cutoff wavenumber. The simplest case is the single-power law \mathcal{E}(k) = k^{n}. We focus here on the case of the Gaussian laws which are characterized by E_0(k) = exp[ - 2 (k-k_c)^2 / k^2_c +2 k^2 / k^2_c]; in addition, we consider initial spectra which are combinations of either two or four single-power law spectral regions. For all these initial conditions, we systematize (a) the temporal decay of the total energy, (b) the rich temporal evolution of the energy spectrum, and (c) the spatiotemporal evolution of the velocity field. We present our results in the context of earlier studies of this problem.
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Books on the topic "Nonequilibrim steady statte"

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Rock, S. G. A three-dimensional thermo-chemical nonequilibrium chimera flow solver for moving grids, Part I: Steady state. Washington: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.

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Caplan, S. Roy, and Alvin Essig. Bioenergetics and Linear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: The Steady State. Harvard University Press, 2013.

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Caplan, S. Roy. Bioenergetics and Linear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: The Steady State (Harvard Books in Biophysics). iUniverse, 1999.

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Morawetz, Klaus. Historical Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797241.003.0001.

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The historical development of kinetic theory is reviewed with respect to the inclusion of virial corrections. Here the theory of dense gases differs from quantum liquids. While the first one leads to Enskog-type of corrections to the kinetic theory, the latter ones are described by quasiparticle concepts of Landau-type theories. A unifying kinetic theory is envisaged by the nonlocal quantum kinetic theory. Nonequilibrium phenomena are the essential processes which occur in nature. Any evolution is built up of involved causal networks which may render a new state of quality in the course of time evolution. The steady state or equilibrium is rather the exception in nature, if not a theoretical abstraction at all.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nonequilibrim steady statte"

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Shiraishi, Naoto. "Response Relation Around Nonequilibrium Steady State." In Fundamental Theories of Physics, 205–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8186-9_10.

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Wio, Horacio S. "Steady State Segregation In Diffusion-Limited Bimolecular Reactions: Effect Of Strong Space Disorder And A Galanin Approach." In Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures IV, 119–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1906-1_12.

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Bhattacharyya, Sankhadeep, and Puneet Kumar Patra. "Effect of Collisions on Properties of Nonequilibrium Steady State of Harmonic Chains with Alternating Masses." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 189–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6738-1_16.

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EVANS, DENIS J., and GARY P. MORRISS. "Steady-State Fluctuations." In Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids, 235–50. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-244090-8.50014-x.

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Stinchombe, Robin. "Nonequilibrium Systems." In Nonextensive Entropy. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159769.003.0013.

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Nonequilibrium system and behavior are briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on recent progress using minimal microscopic models and on implications for macroscopic descriptions…. Our daily life continually confronts us with large systems whose internal processes or external influences are such that standard physical equilibrium descriptions of macroscopic behavior do not apply. Among complex examples are weather, crowds, traffic, financial markets, and so on, and at the other end of the spectrum are simple queuing, processing, and decision-making setups. The most common, most interesting and most complex examples in nature are predominately collective stochastic systems, in which many constituents influence/ interact with each other in some way, and the processes are probabilistic and dissipative. This is true of most examples given above, certainly of the first ones. None of these achieves ordinary equilibrium states of the sort met in thermodynamics; such systems are generically called nonequilibrium systems (NES). In the case of weather, a reason for not going into standard equilibrium is the sun's continual heating of the earth's land surface, oceans, and atmosphere. A feeding mechanism like that also occurs in traffic systems through the entry and exit of vehicles. In addition, traffic transition rates are not set by thermodynamic balances. Traffic can achieve steady states of flow or jammed states. In common with most other nonequilibrium (NE) steady states, these are quite unlike the equilibrium states provided by the standard "general" macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics (see Boltzmann and Gibbs). Nevertheless, NES show many similarities to collective equilibrium systems (ES), largely in behavior at a quantitative level. For example, NES and ES classes both include systems showing phase transitions (e.g., in the NE steady state, or in the thermal equilibrium state, respectively), whose phenomenology can typically be qualitatively interpreted in similar terms (using concepts of order parameter, scale invariance, and power laws, etc.).
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"Steady-State Nonlinear Many-Body Quantum Transport." In Nonequilibrium Quantum Transport Physics in Nanosystems, 237–57. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835376_0021.

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McCann, Kevin S. "A Primer for Dynamical Systems." In Food Webs (MPB-50). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691134178.003.0002.

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This chapter introduces the reader to some of the main conceptual ideas behind dynamical systems theory from the perspective of an experimentalist. It first considers the qualitative approaches used to study complex problems before discussing dynamical systems and bifurcations. In particular, it examines the use of time series to represent solutions and dynamics in the phase space, phase space respresentations of equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states, the qualitative analysis of steady states, and some of the mechanics of local stability analysis for an equilibrium using the Lotka–Volterra model for an equilibrium steady state. It also explores the relationship between the type of model dynamics and the geometry of the underlying mathematical functions. Finally, it presents an empirical example from ecology, Hopf bifurcation in an aquatic microcosm, to illustrate the main concepts of dynamical systems theory and shows that the mathematics of dynamical systems underlies the dynamics of real ecological systems.
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Imry, Yoseph. "Noise in Mesoscopic Systems." In Introduction to mesoscopic physics, 164–83. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507383.003.0008.

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Abstract We shall be concerned here with three main types of noise phenomena: Equilibrium or Nyquist—Johnson noise across a resistor (see eqs. A.9 andA.13–17). Various nonequilibrium or shot-noise phenomena around a steady state with a current flow. Low-frequency, typically “1/f,” noise due to slow changes of the resistance with time.
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"Numerical Matrix-Equation Technique in Steady-State Quantum Transport." In Nonequilibrium Quantum Transport Physics in Nanosystems, 258–67. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812835376_0022.

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Dufresne, Eric R. "Active Materials: Biological Benchmarks and Transport Limitations." In Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics, 446–58. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858313.003.0012.

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Abstract Recent works in cellular and molecular biophysics suggest that activity can drive dramatic changes to the properties of living materials and their fluctuations. Experimental investigations of active materials pose some challenges. In order to properly characterize active systems as materials, they need to have a homogeneous composition in steady state at experimentally accessible length scales. On the other hand, steady-state active systems require fluxes of mass and energy to fuel ongoing internal processes. Since transport rates are limited, this naturally introduces heterogeneity when the physical dimensions of the system are too large. This chapter discusses some benchmarks for the activity levels of biomimetic active materials and quantifies transport constraints on the overall size of homogeneous samples.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nonequilibrim steady statte"

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TASAKI, S., and T. MATSUI. "NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATES WITH BOSE–EINSTEIN CONDENSATES." In Stochastic Analysis: Classical and Quantum - Perspectives of White Noise Theory. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701541_0017.

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Gyorgyi, Geza, Peter C. W. Holdsworth, Zoltan Racz, and Baptiste Portelli. "Extreme statistics of intensity fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady states." In Second International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Dragana Popovic, Michael B. Weissman, and Zoltan A. Racz. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.546933.

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TASAKI, SHUICHI. "CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS IN NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATES FOR A ONE-DIMENSIONAL LATTICE CONDUCTOR." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810267_0014.

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Sato, Shunsuke A., Wenwen Mao, and Angel Rubio. "THz-induced nonlinear electric current and high-order harmonic generation in graphene." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2022.tu4a.9.

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We study the electric transport and high-order harmonic generation in graphene with the quantum master equation. The microscopic mechanism of these THz-induced non-linear phenomena is understood from the viewpoint of the nonequilibrium steady state.
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Rock, Stacey, and Robert Tramel. "A three-dimensional thermo-chemical nonequilibrium chimera flow solver for moving grids. I - Steady state." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-151.

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FROLOV, S. M., V. S. IVANOV, Vas S. IVANOV, R. R. TUKHVATULLINA, and B. BASARA. "SIMULATION OF COMPRESSIBLE AND INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS BY MESHLESS METHODS OF SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap9a-43.

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At present, when solving problems of hydrodynamics of viscous incompressible and compressible flows in conditions of complex geometry with moving elements, preference is often given to meshless numerical algorithms based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). We have developed our own parallel SPH algorithm that uses graphic processors to solve various problems with very narrow slits, rotating and contacting disks, free surfaces, etc., which are difficult to attack by conventional mesh-based (e. g., finite volume (FV)) methods. To check the algorithm, we solved the problems: (i) on the steady-state temperature distribution inside the cylinder head of a piston engine; (ii) on the torque of a gear box with rotating gearwheels partially immersed in engine oil; and (iii) on the steady-state gas velocity field during purging of the piston engine cylinder with air.
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Akishev, Yurii, V. Karal'nik, and N. Trushkin. "Electrical and optical study on streamers and spark formation in a steady-state positive pin-plane corona in N 2 and ambient air." In Selected Research Papers on Spectroscopy of Nonequilibrium Plasma at Elevated Pressures, edited by Vladimir N. Ochkin. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.459410.

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Barr, B. W., and O. A. Ezekoye. "Analysis of the Equilibrium Approximation in Chemical Ablation of Thermal Protective Systems." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58462.

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A quasi-steady-state ablation model is used to investigate the behavior of thermochemically ablating systems in equilibrium and nonequilibrium surface thermochemistry regimes. The model is simplified to allow extraction of relevant nondimensional parameters and comparison with existing experimental data on solid carbon combustion. Good agreement is found between model predictions and experimental data, and the data and model are collapsed in terms of the B number and surface Damkohler number. A new formulation for the surface Damkohler number is proposed, and a relationship between the B number and this Damkohler number is derived for the surface equilibrium and nonequilibrium regimes. The Damkohler formulation is applied to the reentry scenario, and the behavior of the B number in this context is explored. Nondimensional parameters governing behavior in the nonequilibrium regime are determined for graphite oxidation, and the results are extrapolated to more complex surface thermochemistry conditions.
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Miyake, Satoshi, Satoru Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Sasao, Kazuhiro Momma, Toshihiro Miyawaki, and Hiroharu Ooyama. "Unsteady Flow Effect on Nonequilibrium Condensation in 3-D Low Pressure Steam Turbine Stages." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94832.

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A numerical study simulating unsteady 3-D wet-steam flows through three-stage stator-rotor blade rows in a low-pressure steam turbine model experimentally conducted by Mitsubishi Heavy Industry (MHI) was presented in the last ASME Turbo Expo by our group. In this study, the previous discussion is extended to the discussion how nonequilibrium condensation is influenced by unsteady wakes and corner vortices from prefaced multi-stage blade rows. Unsteady 3-D flows through three-stage stator-rotor blade rows are simulated assuming nonequilibrium condensation. Flows with a different inlet flow condition are calculated and the results are compared with each other. Instantaneous condensate mass fractions are visualized at different spans and cross sections in the three-stage stator and rotor blade rows. Also the time and space dependent values are plotted and the obtained unsteady flow characteristics are explained.
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TASAKI, SHUICHI, and TAKU MATSUI. "FLUCTUATION THEOREM, NONEQUILIBRIUM STEADY STATES AND MACLENNAN-ZUBAREV ENSEMBLES OF A CLASS OF LARGE QUANTUM SYSTEMS." In Proceedings of the Japan-Italy Joint Workshop on Quantum Open Systems, Quantum Chaos and Quantum Measurement. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704412_0006.

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