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DeLancey, Laura. "Assessing the accuracy of vendor-supplied accessibility documentation." Library Hi Tech 33, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-08-2014-0077.
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Purpose – In an effort to ensure vendor compliance with Section 508, some libraries have begun requesting Voluntary Product Accessibility Templates (VPATs) or other documentation of accessibility compliance. The purpose of this paper is to assess the accuracy of vendor-supplied compliance documentation, and to identify common accessibility issues highlighted by the VPATs. A detailed discussion of vendor responses to each Section 508 checkpoint is provided in the Appendix. Design/methodology/approach – Researchers compared 17 VPATs with the results of an automated accessibility scan to identify inconsistencies and common problems. Findings – Vendors reported being fully compliant with 64 percent of the applicable VPAT items, and partially compliant with a further 24 percent. However, in 16 of 17 cases, there were discrepancies between the information on the VPAT and the results of the scan. Of the total 189 VPAT checkpoints the author scanned, 19.6 percent had errors (meaning the information on the VPAT was inaccurate 19.6 percent of the time). Research limitations/implications – Several VPAT checkpoints could not be automatically verified by the scan. Instead they require manual/visual verification, which the author did not do. Because the author only scanned three pages of each resource, the author was not able to check all content. Practical implications – Vendor-supplied accessibility documentation should not be taken at face value, but requires verification and follow up to ensure its accuracy. This study also identified some of the most common accessibility issues, which will help both librarians and vendors improve their products and services. Originality/value – Other studies have analyzed the accessibility of library resources and specifically vendor databases, but none have assessed the accuracy of vendor-supplied Section 508 compliance documentation.
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Shelp, B. J., R. Penner, and Z. Zhu. "Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar response to boron deficiency." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-111.
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Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar, Commander, characterized by low susceptibility to the hollow stem disorder commonly associated with boron (B) deficiency was compared to one with high susceptibility (cv. Stolto) and to two which are grown commercially (cvs. Baccus and Premium Crop). Beginning 3 wk after germination plants grown in a glasshouse in vermiculite were supplied continuously with a nutrient solution containing adequate B (0.5 mg L−1) or none (deficient), or were supplied initially with 0.5 mg B L−1 up to the initiation of inflorescence development after which no B was supplied. All cultivars showed visible symptoms of B deficiency (leaf midrib cracking, stem corkiness, necrotic lesions and hollowing in the stem pith) and reductions in shoot fresh weight with the zero B treatment, but Commander was least affected. Also, the B concentrations of the florets from Commander were highest and showed the lowest percent decline relative to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment. When B was removed from the nutrient solution at initiation of inflorescence development, the B concentrations of the florets and young leaves of all cultivars were higher than in the zero B treatment. Compared to the 0.5 mg B L−1 treatment, the B concentrations of old leaves from all cultivars were reduced, but only in Premium Crop was the floret B significantly decreased.Key words: Boron nutrition, Brassica, broccoli, nutrient deficiency, retranslocation
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Felberg, Robert A., Nicholas J. Okon, Ashraf El-Mitwalli, W. Scott Burgin, James C. Grotta, and Andrei V. Alexandrov. "Dramatic Recovery During IV-TPA Infusion: Time Course and Clinical Pattern." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.370-c.
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P172 Background: Dramatic recovery (DR) during TPA infusion is not well described. Methods: We compared clinical patterns and time course in patients with DR to Non-DR. We prospectively captured acute MCA strokes treated with standard NINDS IV-TPA protocols and performed serial NIHSS exams. DR was defined as a decrease by ≥ 10 NIHSS points or total score of ≤3 by end of TPA infusion.Intracranial flow signals were graded using the Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) scale. Results: From 9/98–6/00, DR was observed in 12/53 patients(Table). With DR, there was a consistent pattern and time course of recovery: Gaze preference recovered first (8/11 complete; 2/11 partial; 1/11 none); followed by Sensory (4/7 complete; 3/7 partial recovery; 0/7 none) and Leg Strength (8/10 complete; 1/10 partial; 1/10 none). Arm Strength followed next, but was often incomplete (5/12 complete; 6/12 partial;1/12 none) Certain findings had partial improvement later during infusion: Facial strength (3/12 complete; 7/12 partial; 1/12 none);Aphasia (2/7 complete; 4/7 partial; 1/7 none). Dysarthria tended not to improve during infusion(2/7 complete; 0/7 partial; 5/7 none). DR was observed in 22% of patients during IV-TPA infusion and was sustained at 24 hours. The stroke severity and timing to bolus was similiar between DR and Non-DR groups. Early recanalization was the only noted difference. Conclusion: The clinical pattern of DR may result from reperfusion of the white matter tracts supplied by MCA perforators or improved collateral flow. With clot lysis, the observed recovery pattern is referable to vessel anatomy. How DR occurs and why some clinical deficits have delayed recovery needs further study.
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Foot, Sarah. "Plenty, Portents and Plague: Ecclesiastical Readings of the Natural World in Early Medieval Europe." Studies in Church History 46 (2010): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000474.
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Noli paterFather do not allow thunder and lightning,Lest we be shattered by its fear and its fire.We fear you, the terrible one, believing there is none like you.All songs praise you throughout the host of angels.Let the summits of heaven, too, praise you with roaming lightning,O most loving Jesus, O righteous King of Kings.(Thomas Owen Clancy and Gilbert Márkus,Iona: The Earliest Poetry of a Celtic Monastery, 85)Early medieval attitudes to the natural world were distinctly ambivalent. At one level the natural world represented the marvel of God’s creative power; filled with beauty, it supplied everything necessary for human existence, meriting praise, as in the hymn sung by the herdsman from Whitby, Cædmon:
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Hohn, D. C., R. J. Stagg, D. C. Price, and B. J. Lewis. "Avoidance of gastroduodenal toxicity in patients receiving hepatic arterial 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 9 (September 1985): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.9.1257.
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Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulceration have been frequently observed in patients receiving continuous hepatic arterial infusions of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR) for liver malignancy. Thirty-five patients with metastatic colon cancer received hepatic arterial FUDR administered with implanted infusion pumps. At surgery, particular care was taken to identify and divide those vessels arising from the hepatic arteries distal to the point of cannulation that supplied the superior border of the distal stomach and proximal duodenum. None of the patients developed signs or symptoms of gastritis or ulcer attributable to chemotherapy. We contend that gastritis and ulcer in patients receiving hepatic arterial FUDR are due to misperfusion of drug into the upper gastrointestinal tract and that these complications can be largely avoided by use of appropriate surgical techniques.
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Paerl, Hans. "The cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation paradox in natural waters." F1000Research 6 (March 9, 2017): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10603.1.
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Nitrogen fixation, the enzymatic conversion of atmospheric N (N2) to ammonia (NH3), is a microbially mediated process by which “new” N is supplied to N-deficient water bodies. Certain bloom-forming cyanobacterial species are capable of conducting N2fixation; hence, they are able to circumvent N limitation in these waters. However, this anaerobic process is highly sensitive to oxygen, and since cyanobacteria produce oxygen in photosynthesis, they are faced with a paradoxical situation, where one critically important (for supporting growth) biochemical process is inhibited by another.N2-fixing cyanobacterial taxa have developed an array of biochemical, morphological, and ecological adaptations to minimize the “oxygen problem”; however, none of these allows N2fixation to function at a high enough efficiency so that it can supply N needs at the ecosystem scale, where N losses via denitrification, burial, and advection often exceed the inputs of “new” N by N2fixation. As a result, most marine and freshwater ecosystems exhibit chronic N limitation of primary production. Under conditions of perpetual N limitation, external inputs of N from human sources (agricultural, urban, and industrial) play a central role in determining ecosystem fertility and, in the case of N overenrichment, excessive primary production or eutrophication. This points to the importance of controlling external N inputs (in addition to traditional phosphorus controls) as a means of ensuring acceptable water quality and safe water supplies.Nitrogen fixation, the enzymatic conversion of atmospheric N2to ammonia (NH3) is a microbially-mediated process by which “new” nitrogen is supplied to N-deficient water bodies. Certain bloom-forming cyanobacterial species are capable of conducting N2fixation; hence they are able to circumvent nitrogen limitation in these waters. However, this anaerobic process is highly sensitive to oxygen, and since cyanobacteria produce oxygen in photosynthesis, they are faced with a paradoxical situation, where one critically-important (for supporting growth) biochemical process is inhibited by another. Diazotrophic cyanobacterial taxa have developed an array of biochemical, morphological and ecological adaptations to minimize the “oxygen problem”; however, none of these allows N2fixation to function at a high enough efficiency so that it can supply N needs at the ecosystem scale, where N losses via denitrification, burial and advection often exceed the inputs of “new” N by N2fixation. As a result, most marine and freshwater ecosystems exhibit chronic N-limitation of primary production. Under conditions of perpetual N limitation, external inputs of N from human sources (agricultural, urban, industrial) play a central role in determining ecosystem fertility and in the case of N-overenrichment, excessive primary production, or eutrophication. This points to the importance of controlling external N inputs (in addition to traditional phosphorus controls) as a means of ensuring acceptable water quality and safe water supplies.
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Jordan, Donald A. "The Place of Chinese Disunity in Japanese Army Strategy during 1931." China Quarterly 109 (March 1987): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100001746x.
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The aggressive action of Japan's Kwantung Army in 1931 is widely known. Its armed takeover of most of Manchuria from a conglomeration of Chinese forces which greatly outnumbered the Japanese, points to a weakness in China's defences other than that of numbers. None of the various Chinese armies was as modern in firepower or as well supplied logistically as Japan's crack army in Manchuria. The disarray within the Chinese Government of Nanjing (Nanking) that was obvious in mid 1931 also tempted the adventurous field officers of the Kwantung Army (KA). These veteran officers with years of duty in China, decided, from their reading of the situation in China as well as in Japan and the West, to act on 18 September 1931 rather than make further preparations as recommended in Tokyo.
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Dimitrov, Martin K. "The Case of the Soviet Union During the Brezhnev Era." Russian History 41, no. 3 (July 21, 2014): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04103003.
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Can autocracies obtain accurate information on popular opinion? This article approaches this question by focusing on the Soviet Union during the Brezhnev period. Based on Soviet archival materials (primarily Fond 89, the Volkogonov papers, and the Rubinov collection), the article argues that the Soviet regime relied on three main channels to track popular preferences: the kgb, opinion polling, and the analysis of citizen complaint letters. Each of these channels provided a different type of information: the kgb tracked levels of political dissent; opinion polling assessed general levels of satisfaction with the regime; and citizen complaints produced detailed information on the redistributive preferences of the population. Individually, none of these channels provided sufficient information on public opinion. However, when taken as a whole, they supplied the leadership with surprisingly nuanced information on popular preferences.
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Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. J. M. "ASD, SUD and gender." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s882—s883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1783.
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IntroductionAutism and substance use disorder (SUD) is not the co-morbidity that is commonly considered. Yet these conditions have more commonalities than one would suspect.ObjectiveWe will consider the evidence for co-morbidity between ASD and Addiction (Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and explore the influence of gender.MethodA pilot study of 80 admissions to an adult ASD unit will be presented.ResultsThe co-morbidity ASD and SUD in this study was very high (65% of the inpatients). There were no gender differences in prevalence in total but addiction to medication (32% in woman vs. none in man) and eating disorders (24% in women vs. 9% in man) was far more common in women whereas addiction to drugs (13% in man vs. none in women) was far more common in man.ConclusionsThere are clear indications that a possible co-morbidity of substance abuse disorder should be considered in cases of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. There are no gender differences in prevalence of co-morbidity ASD and SUD in total but addiction to medication and eating disorders seems to be much more common in women whereas addiction to drugs probably more common in man.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Hübl, W., R. Wejbora, I. Shafti-Keramat, A. Haider, P. Hajdusich, and P. M. Bayer. "Enzymatic determination of sodium, potassium, and chloride in abnormal (hemolyzed, icteric, lipemic, paraproteinemic, or uremic) serum samples compared with indirect determination with ion-selective electrodes." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.8.1528.
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Abstract We evaluated the effect of hemolysis, icteric discoloration, lipemia, paraproteinemia, and uremia on enzymatic methods for determining sodium, potassium, and chloride, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards EP7-P proposals for testing interference from endogenous substances. The sodium, potassium, and chloride assays (reagent kits supplied by Boehringer Mannheim) were based on electrolyte-dependent beta-galactosidase, pyruvate kinase, and alpha-amylase, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained by indirect ion-selective electrodes (ISE), which in turn had been validated by flame photometry. We analyzed the samples with Hitachi 717, 737, and 911 chemistry analyzers and with an IL943 flame photometer. The enzymatic results were in good agreement with those by ISE, the interference-related differences generally being without clinical significance; however, none of the enzymatic methods could analyze grossly lipemic samples.
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Feibert, Erik B. G., Clinton C. Shock, and Lamont D. Saunders. "Nonconventional Additives Leave Onion Yield and Quality Unchanged." HortScience 38, no. 3 (June 2003): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.3.381.
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Eleven treatments in 1999 and thirteen treatments in 2000 containing single or combined nonconventional additives from eight manufacturers were compared with an untreated check for their effect on onion (Alliumcepa L.) yield and quality, and for their economic efficiency. The nonconventional additives were tested at commercial rates using the methods of application provided by the manufacturers. The products were applied to soil, foliage, or both. The treatments, including the check, were incorporated into standard cultural practices for onions. All treatments (with exception of an organic fertilizer treatment), including the check, were fertilized based on soil tests. In both years, none of the products evaluated significantly increased onion yield or quality compared to the untreated check. The organic fertilizer treatment, tested in 1999 only, resulted in significantly lower onion yield and size compared to the check. At the application rates used in this study, most of the products supplied plant nutrients or humic acid in amounts insufficient to expect improvements in crop production.
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Gillman*, Jeffrey H. "Hydrogel Amendments Do Not Decrease the Time Interval Between Waterings for Container-grown Geranium and Ninebark." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 820D—820. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.820d.
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Hydrogels are crystals that can suck up 600 or more times their weight in water. These gels are sold as additives for soils and container media for the purpose of reducing the frequency of watering. Five different hydrogels and a control were tested on geranium and 3 different hydrogels and a control were tested on ninebark to see how long plants could be kept healthy without watering. Growth was roughly similar among the control and the different hydrogels tested with the exception of Hydrosorb™, which stunted the growth of the ninebark. After plants reached a size that was considered saleable watering was stopped and the plants were allowed to dry out. None of the hydrogels kept the plants supplied with water for any longer than the controls. Hydrosorb™ did appear to keep ninebarks at a healthy water potential for longer than the other hydrogels and the control, however, this is almost certainly because of the smaller size of the plants.
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SODHA, S. V., M. LYNCH, K. WANNEMUEHLER, M. LEEPER, M. MALAVET, J. SCHAFFZIN, T. CHEN, et al. "Multistate outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 infections associated with a national fast-food chain, 2006: a study incorporating epidemiological and food source traceback results." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000920.
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SUMMARYA multistate outbreak ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 infections occurred in the USA in November–December 2006 in patrons of restaurant chain A. We identified 77 cases with chain A exposure in four states – Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Fifty-one (66%) patients were hospitalized, and seven (9%) developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. In a matched analysis controlling for age in 31 cases and 55 controls, illness was associated with consumption of shredded iceberg lettuce [matched odds ratio (mOR) 8·0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–348·1] and shredded cheddar cheese (mOR 6·2, CI 1·7–33·7). Lettuce, an uncooked ingredient, was more commonly consumed (97% of patients) than cheddar cheese (84%) and a single source supplied all affected restaurants. A single source of cheese could not explain the regional distribution of outbreak cases. The outbreak highlights challenges in conducting rapid multistate investigations and the importance of incorporating epidemiological study results with other investigative findings.
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Ai, Minrong, Sheri L. Holmen, Wim Van Hul, Bart O. Williams, and Matthew L. Warman. "Reduced Affinity to and Inhibition by DKK1 Form a Common Mechanism by Which High Bone Mass-Associated Missense Mutations in LRP5 Affect Canonical Wnt Signaling." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 12 (June 15, 2005): 4946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.12.4946-4955.2005.
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ABSTRACT The low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a coreceptor in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in human disorders of low and high bone mass. Loss-of-function mutations cause the autosomal recessive osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, and heterozygous missense mutations in families segregating autosomal dominant high bone mass (HBM) phenotypes have been identified. We expressed seven different HBM-LRP5 missense mutations to delineate the mechanism by which they alter Wnt signaling. None of the mutations caused activation of the receptor in the absence of ligand. Each mutant receptor was able to reach the cell surface, albeit at differing amounts, and transduce exogenously supplied Wnt1 and Wnt3a signal. All HBM mutant proteins had reduced physical interaction with and reduced inhibition by DKK1. These data suggest that HBM mutant proteins can transit to the cell surface in sufficient quantity to transduce Wnt signal and that the likely mechanism for the HBM mutations' physiologic effects is via reduced affinity to and inhibition by DKK1.
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Quintanilla, M. A., A. Salas, S. Pedrosa, L. Bosqued, C. Perez, B. Villagrasa, B. Aguado, and P. Gracia. "The utility of omega-3 fatty acids in depression." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2309.
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IntroductionRecent studies have reported therapeutic benefit from the use of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) as adjunctive treatment of depression.ObjectivesThe goal of this work is to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of dietary supplementation with omega-3 in the treatment of depressed patients.MethodProspective, descriptive, observational study in a general psychiatry outpatient clinic. Consecutive inclusion of depressed patients started on dietary supplementation with omega-3 because of partial response to antidepressants and/or intolerance to high doses or combination of antidepressant drugs between January and May 2015. Sociodemographic variables, clinical data and information about tolerability were recorded. Clinical response to treatment over time was assessed at 4–6 months follow up using the 5-item CGI (Clinical Global Impression) scale.ResultsWe included 30 depressed patients started on omega-3. None of them reported side effects. Seventy-three percent of patients reported clinical improvement (40% much improvement, 33% some improvement). None of them got worse. We did not find association between clinical response and age, sex, type of depression nor duration of illness.ConclusionDespite the limitations of this study, our work support previous positive results on the use of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) as adjunctive treatment of depression. Giving the safety of its use, clinicians might recommend omega-3 as adjunctive treatment of depression in cases with a partial response to antidepressants.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Emonet-Dénand, Françoise, Yves Laporte, and Julien Petit. "Comparison of Static Fusimotor Innervation in Cat Peroneus Tertius and Longus Muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.249.
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Emonet-Dénand, Françoise, Yves Laporte, and Julien Petit. Comparison of static fusimotor innervation in cat peroneus tertius and longus muscles. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 249–254, 1998. Static fusimotor innervation was compared in cat peroneus longus and tertius muscles because the γ to spindle ratio is considerably higher in the longus (∼60 γ axons for 17 spindles) than in the tertius (∼24 γ axons for 14 spindles). Single γ axons were identified as static (γs) by their typical effects on the response of primary ending to ramp stretch. The intrafusal muscle fibers that single γs axons activated in the spindles they supplied were identified by the features of cross-correlograms between Ia impulses and stimuli, at 100 Hz, and by those of primary ending responses during stimulation at 30 Hz. In each experiment, a large proportion of the γ population was tested on about nine spindles. A statistical analysis was used to estimate the number of spindles supplied by single γs axons and the proportion of γs axons that supply only one spindle among those the stimulation of which had activated either bag2 or chain fibers alone in a single spindle. In peroneus longus, nearly all γs axons supply one or two spindles, whereas in peroneus tertius, the majority of γs axons supply from three to six spindles. The proportion of nonspecifically distributed γs axons, i.e., of axons that supply both bag2 fibers and chain fibers either in the same or in different spindles, is much lower (56%) in the longus than in the tertius (83%) as previously observed on a population of γs axons that supplied from three to six spindles. Correspondingly, the proportion of specific axons is much higher in the longus (44%) than in the tertius (17%). In none of the two muscles was a strict relationship observed between the conduction velocity of γs axons and their intrafusal distribution (specific bag2, specific chain fibers, nonspecific). However, γs supplying bag2 fibers either specifically or in combination with chain fibers tended to have faster conduction velocities, which suggests that, in various motor acts, the proportion of activated bag2 and chain fibers may be related to the proportions of activated fast and slow γs axons.
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McGowan, Joan Elizabeth, Tanis R. Fenton, Andrew William Wade, Jodi Lynn Branton, and Marli Robertson. "An exploratory study of sodium, potassium, and fluid nutrition status of tube-fed nonambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37, no. 4 (August 2012): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2012-050.
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Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) often have lower mineral intakes than healthy children. It is unknown if their lower nutrient intakes are adequate to meet their needs. The objective of this study was to examine the sodium, potassium, phosphate, and fluid status of primarily tube-fed nonambulatory children with severe CP. The design consisted of a cross-sectional exploratory study and a clinical trial of sodium supplementation. Nutritional status was determined among primarily tube-fed children (aged 2 to 17 years) with CP based on blood and urine samples, anthropometry, and 3-day food records. Mineral and fluid status was evaluated by a nephrologist blind to nutrient intakes. Twenty children supplied food records, blood samples, and anthropometric measurements, and 16 supplied urine samples. Six (37.5%) of those who provided urine samples were considered possibly dehydrated, as urine osmolality was >600 mmol·kg–1. Six (60%) of the 10 children with satisfactory fluid status (low urine osmolality) were considered to have a possible dietary sodium deficiency based on a very low urine sodium concentration (<20 mmol·L–1). Those considered to have a possible dietary sodium deficiency had a significantly lower sodium intake (48% ± 15% Adequate Intake (AI)) compared with those considered sodium sufficient (73% ± 20% AI) (p = 0.031). One child was considered possibly phosphorus deficient, but none was assessed as likely potassium deficient. The conclusion was that sodium deficiencies were likely prevalent among the children. The findings from this small observational study suggest that sodium intakes for tube-fed children with CP should be maintained near the AI for their age. Hydration status of children receiving hypercaloric formulas should be monitored.
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Manea, M., and B. Savu. "The role of personality traits in initiating and maintaining addictive behavior." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1049.
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IntroductionIt is well known that certain personality traits are more linked to drug abuse than others. Psychiatrists are more likely to emphasize the importance of impulsivity in the connection with substance disorders but in the following study we found an important percentage of patients that have a substance abuse were linked to anxiety through impulsiveness as a personality trait.ObjectivesMost youths admitted for a substance abuse are highly impulsive. Our quest was to differentiate what component of impulsivity was more frequently linked to a substance use disorder.MethodsIn the study were included 50 patients admitted in the 3rd Psychiatric Clinic, Substance Dependences Department, Cluj-Napoca. For the identification of the drug abused we used the multitest screening kit in correlation with the results from the Forensic Medicine Institute of Cluj-Napoca. Each patient completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality.ResultsHigh scores on BIS-11 strongly correlated with attentional impulsiveness (Pearson's r correlation = .838) which means high inattention and cognitive instability this being linked with anxiety disorders. Cognitive Instability was correlated with Psychic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.29) and Motor Impulsiveness with Somatic Trait Anxiety (r = 0.3). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.ConclusionsThe underrecognized anxiety disorders in young adults whom are admitted for an addictive disorder prefrontal cortex is known to be the source of both impulsivity and could be linked to anxiety as well (valence asymmetry hypothesis). Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Amel, N., L. P. Isabelle, G. Aurelie, H. Marc, A. Mohammed, and I. Ziad. "Mini-Mental State (MMS) Evaluation of Dementia in Psychiatric Patients Admitted to a Long Stay Ward." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S467—S468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1703.
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Normal 0 21 false false false FR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4.MMS scores for 41 psychiatric patients were analyzed at admission and regularly throughout their stay.ResultsTheir average age at admission was 65.7. Thirty-six patients had a diagnosis of chronic psychosis, two with bipolar disorders, one with frontotemportal dementia, two with Korsakoff syndrome.At admission, 21 (51%) patientsshowed mild cognitive deterioration (score = 18–26), 12 (29%) moderate deterioration (12–17), 6 severe deterioration (0–11), 2 had normal scores (27–30). Over the following years, 28 patients were reassessed:– 12 (42%) were stable, 7 (25%) had a fluctuating score, 5 (18%) improved;– 4 (14%) deteriorated over their successive MMS evaluations;– age, socio-cultural level and psychiatric diagnosis were not associated with change in MMS scores;– average change between initial and final assessment was +6.0 points for patients with improved score, –7.75 for those showing deterioration;– 1.28 for those with fluctuating scores, –1.0 for stable patients.AnalysisUnstable psychiatric disorders associated with somatic pathologies influenced MMS scores for all patients, particularly for those with MMS deterioration or fluctuation even if this phenomenon could also be observed to a lesser extent in stable patients. By contrast, patients whose MMS scores improved over time were more mentally stable and had no current somatic problems. Multidisciplinary teamwork is important for patients with deteriorating MMS scores.ConclusionBy illustrating the impact of somatic and psychiatric factors on dementia, the present study underlines the value of multidisciplinary professional care, the role of the family and the importance of long-stay wards.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Chapela, E., J. Quintero, I. Morales, M. Félix-Alcántara, J. Correas, and J. Gómez-Arnau. "The evolution of emotional intelligence in schizophrenia: A comparative study of two groups at different times of the disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2130.
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IntroductionPeople with schizophrenia show changes in the skills related to emotional intelligence, but little is known about the clinical course of these deficits. Few studies have examined the evolution of emotional intelligence in schizophrenia patients.ObjectiveTo increase knowledge about emotional intelligence deficits in schizophrenia and to study its clinical course and factors related, with particular interest in neurocognitive deficits.AimsTo compare emotional intelligence and other clinical and neurocognitive data in patients with schizophrenia in a different moment of evolution.MethodsTwenty-five patients with schizophrenia for up to 5 years of evolution were compared to 24 patients with schizophrenia for more than 5 years of evolution. The assessment protocol consisted of a questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical-care data, and a battery of assessment scales, including MSCEIT for emotional intelligence.ResultsBoth groups show a deterioration of emotional intelligence. Schizophrenia patients over 5 years of evolution have worse performance in emotional intelligence test that schizophrenic lower evolution. In the schizophrenia group of up to 5 years of evolution, none variables correlate with emotional intelligence. In the schizophrenia group of more than 5 years of evolution, there were moderate negative correlations with the severity of symptoms and depressive symptoms, and moderate correlation of positive sign with functionality, but none of the neurocognitive assessment scales.ConclusionsThere are arguments for the existence of a progressive deterioration of emotional intelligence in schizophrenia. This deficit in emotional intelligence in schizophrenia appears to be present from the first years of the disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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McCarthy, G., O. Fitzpatrick, D. O’Neill, D. Meagher, and D. Adamis. "Evaluation of psychomotor/motor disturbances in elderly medical inpatients." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.270.
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IntroductionTraditionally psychomotor subtypes have been investigated in patients with delirium in different settings and it has been found that those with hypoactive type is the largest proportion, often missed and with the worst outcomes.Aims and objectivesWe examined the psychomotor subtypes in an older age inpatients population, the effects that observed clinical variables have on psychomotor subtypes and their association with one year mortality.MethodsProspective study. Participants were assessed using the scales CAM, APACHE II, MoCA, Barthel Index and DRS-R98. Pre-existing dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Psychomotor subtypes were evaluated using the two relevant items of DRS-R98. Mortality rates were investigated one year after admission day.ResultsThe sample consisted of 200 participants [mean age 81.1 ± 6.5; 50% female; pre-existing cognitive impairment in 126 (63%)]. Thirty-four (17%) were identified with delirium (CAM+). Motor subtypes of the entire sample was: none: 119 (59.5%), hypo: 37 (18.5%), mixed: 15 (7.5%) and hyper: 29 (14.5%). Hypoactive and mixed subtype were significantly more frequent to delirious patients than to those without delirium, and none subtype more often to those without delirium. There was no difference in the hyperactive subtype between those with and without delirium. Hypoactive subtype was significant associated with delirium and lower scores in MoCA (cognition), while mixed was associated mainly with delirium. Predictors for one-year mortality were lower MoCA scores and severity of illness.ConclusionsPsychomotor disturbances are not unique to delirium. Hypoactivity, this “silent epidemic” is also part of a deteriorated cognition.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Aarabi, Sobhan, Seyedeh Elham Sharafi, and Mohammad-Hosein Pourgharib Shahi. "The age of accountability of consultation liaison, an example from a big referral hospital." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.584.
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CL is a subspecialty in psychiatry and provides a variety of consultation services including diagnosis, therapeutic and teaching efforts of a psychiatrist in none psychiatric units or hospitals.ObjectivesThis is a retrospective descriptive study that evaluated the consultation liaison (CL) psychiatry services in Imam Khomeini hospital, during two recent years.MethodsThe information has been obtained from reviews of medical profiles of patients who attended the hospital.ResultsA total of 681 patients (365 patients were male) received CL services during the study period. The most prevalent diagnosis groups were mood disorder (37.91%), delirium (13.6%) and anxiety (12.64%). Our study revealed that cardiovascular unit, infectious disease unit and general surgery units frequently requested for consultations among all hospital wards. Pediatrics unit had the lowest request rate for psychiatric consultation.ConclusionCL is on the rise in general hospitals, specifically in internal medicine and surgery units which alarm us to pay more attention to preventive strategies focused on the most referred problems including mood disorders, delirium and anxiety disorders in patients who attended general hospitals.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lima Junior, Francisco Rodrigues, and Michael Hsiao. "A Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS model to supplier performance evaluation." DYNA 88, no. 216 (February 23, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n216.88320.
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Supplier performance evaluation is a decision-making problem that involves quantitative and qualitative metrics. Although several models that allow the use of linguistic terms such as "low" and "high" to evaluate suppliers, none of them enables the application of linguistic expressions, which is especially useful when decision makers hesitates to express their evaluations. This study proposes a model based on the Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS method to support the supplier performance evaluation. A pilot application was carried out in an automotive company considering 8 suppliers and 10 criteria. When compared to previous similar approaches, the proposed model presented the following advantages: it enables the use of linguistic expressions to assess the supplier performance in each criterion; it groups suppliers with similar levels of performance to develop appropriate management actions; and does not limit the number of criteria and suppliers evaluated.
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Makus, D. J., and J. R. Morris. "700 PB 312 EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST CALCIUM APPLICATIONS ON FIRMNESS, DECAY, AND MINERAL DISTRIBUTION IN STRAWBERRY FRUIT." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 533c—533. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.533c.
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Supplemental calcium supplied foliariy as Ca glutarate, soil incorporated as gypsum, fertigated as CaNO3, in 3-way combination, or none at all, had no effect on fruit firmness, as measured by shear, reduced fruit decay by as much as 23%. over controls (1986-1988), and generally improved fruit Ca levels only in the combination treatment of 904 kg/ha. Fruit raw product quality (pulp pH, acidity, soluble solids concentration, and Hunter color values) were not consistently affected, although there were significant interactions between cvs Fern and Cardinal, harvest dates, holding time, and years. Supplemental Ca reduced fruit size, but tended to increase yield. In 1988, individual fruits were partitioned into upper/lower, dermal/interior, and upper/lower seeds (6 parts), Ca was the third most abundant mineral nutrient in receptacle tissue, but most abundant in seeds. Highest Ca levels were found (descendingly) in the seed, dermal, and interior pulp tissue, Ca was higher in the upper (stem) end. Differences in fruit Ca levels between cvs were found in the seeds and not the receptacle. No clear relationship was observed between fruit firmness, decay, and Ca level.
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Reickenberg, Regina L., and Marvin P. Pritts. "Dynamics of Nutrient Uptake from Foliar Fertilizers in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 1 (January 1996): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.1.158.
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The dynamics of nutrient uptake from foliar applied 15N-urea and Rb (a K analog) were quantified in red raspberries. Both N and Rb in an aqueous solution were absorbed rapidly into the leaf and transported throughout the plant. In the greenhouse, about half of the urea and a third of the Rb were absorbed within 32 hours of application. The addition of a surfactant to the foliar solution reduced uptake, while solution pH, time of application and leaf age had little effect. The lower leaf surface exhibited a faster rate of absorption than the upper surface, but the difference was not large. In the field, some foliar N appeared to have been washed off leaves and taken up by the root system; however, none of the foliar applications affected plant growth. We conclude that significant uptake of foliar applied N and K occurs in raspberry, but the absolute amount delivered through a single foliar application is small. The percentage of total plant nutrient supplied through a foliar application is reduced to < 5% over time as the plant grows, so multiple applications would be required to maintain levels significantly higher than would exist through root uptake alone.
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Peters, Christin, Florian Rudroff, Marko D. Mihovilovic, and Uwe T. Bornscheuer. "Fusion proteins of an enoate reductase and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase facilitate the synthesis of chiral lactones." Biological Chemistry 398, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2016-0150.
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Abstract Nature uses the advantages of fusion proteins for multi-step reactions to facilitate the metabolism in cells as the conversion of substrates through intermediates to the final product can take place more rapidly and with less side-product formation. In a similar fashion, also for enzyme cascade reactions, the fusion of biocatalysts involved can be advantageous. In the present study, we investigated fusion of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enoate reductase (ERED) and a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) to enable the synthesis of (chiral) lactones starting from unsaturated alcohols as substrates. The domain order and various linkers were studied to find optimal conditions with respect to expression levels and enzymatic activities. Best results were achieved for the ERED xenobiotic reductase B (XenB) from Pseudomonas putida and the cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter sp., whereas none of the ADHs studied could be fused successfully. This fusion protein together with separately supplied ADH resulted in similar reaction rates in in vivo biocatalysis reactions. After 1.5 h we could detect 40% more dihydrocarvone lactone in in vivo reactions with the fusion protein and ADH then with the single enzymes.
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John, P. Kapp, and A. Sanford Robert. "Neurological Deficit after Carotid Infusion of Cisplatin and 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) for Malignant Glioma: An Analysis of Risk Factors." Neurosurgery 19, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198611000-00010.
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Abstract The records of 24 patients with malignant gliomas treated with carotid infusion of cisplatin and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) are reviewed for risk factors that might suggest the development of a permanent neurological deficit after infusion. Permanent neurological deficits were seen with doses of cisplatin as low as 69 mg/m2, although doses as high as 100 mg/m2 were tolerated by other patients. All 3 patients who developed permanent neurological deficits received fixed doses of cisplatin of 150 mg and supplied only 2 major intracranial branches from the infused carotid artery. In none of these patients was a filter used in the infusion line. Other risk factors identified in 2 of the 3 patients were diffuse neoplasm involving the region of the internal capsule and the use of an infusion pump rather than a pulsatile bolus infusion technique. The development of a permanent neurological deficit appeared unrelated to the dose of BCNU within the range utilized, and preinfusion administration of corticosteroids did not prevent neurological deficit. These possible risk factors should be considered in the future development of protocols for arterial infusion therapy of malignant gliomas.
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Cornelius, Carl-Peter, Laurent Audigé, Christoph Kunz, Randal Rudderman, Carlos H. Buitrago-Téllez, John Frodel, and Joachim Prein. "The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Mandible Fractures-Level 3 Tutorial." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 1_suppl (December 2014): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1389558.
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This tutorial outlines the details of the AOCMF image-based classification system for fractures of the mandibular arch (i.e. the non-condylar mandible) at the precision level 3. It is the logical expansion of the fracture allocation to topographic mandibular sites outlined in level 2, and is based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques/computed tomography (CT)/cone beam CT). Level 3 allows an anatomical description of the individual conditions of the mandibular arch such as the preinjury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy. Trauma sequelae are then addressed: (1) tooth injuries and periodontal trauma, (2) fracture involvement of the alveolar process, (3) the degree of fracture fragmentation in three categories (none, minor, and major), and (4) the presence of bone loss. The grading of fragmentation needs a 3D evaluation of the fracture area, allowing visualization of the outer and inner mandibular cortices. To document these fracture features beyond topography the alphanumeric codes are supplied with distinctive appendices. This level 3 tutorial is accompanied by a brief survey of the peculiarities of the edentulous atrophic mandible. Illustrations and a few case examples serve as instruction and reference to improve the understanding and application of the presented features.
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Amsden, Guy W. "Macrolides Versus Azalides: A Drug Interaction Update." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, no. 9 (September 1995): 906–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502900913.
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Objective: To describe the current drug interaction profiles for all approved and investigational macrolide and azalide antimicrobials, and to comment on the clinical impact of these interactions when appropriate. Data Sources: MEDLINE was searched to identify all pertinent studies, review articles, and case reports from 1975 to 1995. When appropriate information was not available in the literature, data were obtained from the product manufacturers. Study Selection: All available data were reviewed to give an unbiased account of possible drug interactions. Data Extraction: Data for some of the interactions were not available from the literature, but were available from abstracts or from company-supplied materials. Although the data were not always entirely explicative, the best attempt was made to deliver the pertinent information that clinical practitioners would need to formulate practice opinions. When more in-depth information was supplied in the form of a review or study report, a thorough explanation of pertinent methodology was supplied. Data Synthesis: Since the introduction of erythromycin into clinical practice, there have been several clinically significant drug interactions identified throughout the literature associated with this drug. These interactions have been caused mostly by inhibition of the CYP3A subclass of hepatic enzymes, thereby decreasing the metabolism of any other agent given concurrently that is also cleared through this mechanism. With the development and marketing of several new macrolides, it was hoped that the drug interaction profile associated with this class would improve. This has been met with variable success. Although some of the extensions of the 14-membered ring macrolides have shown an incidence of interactions equal to that of erythromycin, others have shown improved profiles. In contrast, the 16-membered ring macrolides have demonstrated a much improved, though not absent, interaction profile. The most success in avoiding drug interactions through structure modification has been accomplished with the development of the azalide class, of which azithromycin is the first to be approved for marketing. This agent has to date produced none of the classic drug interactions that most macrolides have demonstrated in patient care. Conclusions: The introduction of new 14- and 16-membered ring macrolides appears to have had a variable effect in modifying the incidence of drug interactions associated with this class. Azithromycin, a member of the new azalide class, has to date produced fewer clinically significant interactions than other azalides with any agent that is cleared through the CYP3A system. Overall, the available data are promising, and the final test should come from conducting studies in patients who are taking potentially interacting compounds on a chronic basis, as most available data are from trials in healthy volunteers.
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WONG, Shuk-Ching, and Vincent Chi-Chung CHENG. "Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Due to Multiple Brands of Contaminated Aqueous Chlorhexidine in Hong Kong." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.946.
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Background: Contaminated chlorhexidine produced by a single company has been implicated in the outbreak or pseudo-outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). However, simultaneous occurrence of multiple brands of contaminated chlorhexidine supplied by different manufacturers resulting in a persistent outbreak for >1 year has not been well described. Objective: We report an outbreak of BCC with epidemiological investigation and using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of patient and environmental isolates in Hong Kong. Methods: Upon the investigation of a cohort of renal patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis colonized or infected with BCC in their exit sites, different brands of 0.05% aqueous chlorhexidine (aqCHX) used for exit site dressing, supplied from hospital or purchased from community pharmacies by patients, were cultured. A risk factor analysis for exit-site acquisition of BCC was performed. A site visit to a local manufacturer was conducted to investigate the process of production and to collect environmental samples for culture, which were further analyzed by WGS along with the BCC isolates cultured from patients and aqCHX purchased from community pharmacies. Results: Four patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis had cultures positive for BCC in the exit site swab in September 2019. A snapshot screening revealed 88 (32.0%) of 275 renal dialysis patients colonized with BCC. Of these patients, 47 (17.1%) were newly diagnosed and 41 (14.9%) were known to be colonized or infected with BCC according to retrospective data retrieval from January 1, 2018. A significantly greater proportion of patients with newly diagnosed BCC (cases) had used contaminated aqCHX for exit-site dressing than those with culture negative for BCC (controls): 38 of 47 (80.9%) versus 54 of 187 (28.9%) (P < .001). Of 161 aqCHX samples, 10 brands from 4 manufacturers (purchased from community pharmacies), 125 (77.6%) were culture positive for BCC, whereas all 77 aqCHX samples supplied by the hospital, which are different brands and are produced by different manufacturers, were proven to be sterile. Of the 28 environmental samples taken from a local manufacturer during the site visit, 19 samples (67.9%, 3 collected from the instrument for production of aqCHX and all 16 newly produced aqCHX samples) were culture positive for BCC. WGS revealed 3 major clusters characterized by B. cenocepacia genomovar IIIA ST1547 and 2 novel MLST clusters from 52 patients and 26 environmental isolates selected. Conclusions: This outbreak was terminated by product recall, and the government has decided to take regulatory actions to ensure the sterility of antiseptics, including aqCHX.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Pai, Manjunath P., Danielle M. Graci, and Guy W. Amsden. "Macrolide Drug Interactions: An Update." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34, no. 4 (April 2000): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.19138.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the current drug interaction profiles for the commonly used macrolides in the US and Europe, and to comment on the clinical impact of these interactions. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1975–1998) was performed to identify all pertinent studies, review articles, and case reports. When appropriate information was not available in the literature, data were obtained from the product manufacturers. STUDY SELECTION: All available data were reviewed to provide an unbiased account of possible drug interactions. DATA EXTRACTION: Data for some of the interactions were not available from the literature, but were available from abstracts or company-supplied materials. Although the data were not always explicit, the best attempt was made to deliver pertinent information that clinical practitioners would need to formulate practice opinions. When more in-depth information was supplied in the form of a review or study report, a thorough explanation of pertinent methodology was supplied. DATA SYNTHESIS: Several clinically significant drug interactions have been identified since the approval of erythromycin. These interactions usually were related to the inhibition of the cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, which are responsible for the metabolism of many drugs. The decreased metabolism by the macrolides has in some instances resulted in potentially severe adverse events. The development and marketing of newer macrolides are hoped to improve the drug interaction profile associated with this class. However, this has produced variable success. Some of the newer macrolides demonstrated an interaction profile similar to that of erythromycin; others have shown improved profiles. The most success in avoiding drug interactions related to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 has been through the development of the azalide subclass, of which azithromycin is the first and only to be marketed. Azithromycin has not been demonstrated to inhibit the cytochrome P450 system in studies using a human liver microsome model, and to date has produced none of the classic drug interactions characteristic of the macrolides. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the available data regarding macrolide drug interactions are from studies in healthy volunteers and case reports. These data suggest that clarithromycin appears to have an interaction profile similar to that of erythromycin. Given this similarity, it is important to consider the interaction profile of clarithromycin when using erythromycin. This is especially necessary as funds for further studies of a medication available in generic form (e.g., erythromycin) are limited. Azithromycin has produced few clinically significant interactions with any agent cleared through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Although the available data are promising, the final test should come from studies conducted in patients who are taking potentially interacting compounds on a chronic basis.
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Prince, Harry E., and Wayne R. Hogrefe. "Detection of West Nile Virus (WNV)-Specific Immunoglobulin M in a Reference Laboratory Setting during the 2002 WNV Season in the United States." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 5 (September 2003): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.5.764-768.2003.
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ABSTRACT Between 1 June and 31 December 2002, 30,677 serum samples and 4,554 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested for West Nile virus (WNV)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 1,481 serum samples (4.8%) and 345 CSF samples (7.6%) were positive for WNV IgM. Positive samples were forwarded to public health service laboratories (PHSLs) for further testing. PHSLs supplied results from their WNV IgM ELISAs for 654 samples; 633 (97%) were positive. PHSLs supplied WNV plaque reduction neutralization test results for 128 samples; 123 (96%) were positive. WNV IgM seroconversion and seroreversion trends were evaluated for 749 patients who each provided two serum samples that were tested during the study period. Of 574 patients whose first serum sample was IgM negative, 41 (7%) seroconverted (the second serum sample was IgM positive); of 175 patients whose first serum sample was IgM positive, 22 (13%) seroreverted (the second serum sample was IgM negative). The seroreversion rate was directly proportional to the time between serum sample collection; whereas only 1% of patients whose sera were collected <20 days apart showed seroreversion, 54% of patients whose sera were collected >60 days apart showed seroreversion. Conversion and reversion trends for CSF were evaluated for 68 patients. Of 54 patients whose first CSF specimen was IgM negative, 9 (17%) converted; none of 14 patients whose first CSF specimen was IgM positive reverted. Concomitant detection of WNV IgM in serum and CSF was assessed for 1,188 patients for whom paired serum and CSF specimens were available; for all 130 patients for whom IgM was detectable in CSF, IgM was also detectable in serum. These findings show that an in-house WNV IgM ELISA accurately identifies patients with WNV infection, document WNV IgM conversion and reversion trends, and demonstrate that WNV IgM detection in CSF is accompanied by WNV IgM detection in serum.
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Broder, A. R., W. Mowrey, A. Valle, B. Goilav, K. Yoshida, and K. Costenbader. "SAT0172 UTILIZATION OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AND CORTICOSTEROIDS AMONG LUPUS PATIENTS WITH INCIDENT END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) ONSET: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY USING USRDS REGISTRY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1027.2–1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5103.
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Background:The development of ESRD due to lupus nephritis is one of the most common and serious complications of SLE. Mortality among SLE ESRD patients is 4-fold higher compared to lupus nephritis patients with preserved renal function1Mortality in SLE ESRD is also twice as high compared with non-SLE ESRD, even though SLE patients develop ESRD at a significantly younger age. In the absence of ESRD specific guidelines, medication utilization in SLE ESRD is unknown.Objectives:The objective of this study was to investigate the real-world current US-wide patterns of medication prescribing among lupus nephritis patients with new onset ESRD enrolled in the United States Renal Disease Systems (USRDS) registry. We specifically focused on HCQ and corticosteroids (CS) as the most used medications to treat SLE.Methods:Inclusion: USRDS patients 18 years and above with SLE as a primary cause of ESRD (International Classification of Diseases, 9thRevision (ICD9) diagnostic code 710.0, previously validated2). who developed ESRD between January 1st, 2006 and July 31, 2011 (to ensure at least 6 months of follow-up in the USRDS). Patients had to be enrolled in Medicare Part D (to capture pharmacy claims). The last follow-up date was defined as either the last date of continuous part D coverage or the end of the study period, Dec 31, 2013.Results:Of the 2579 patients included, 1708 (66%) were HCQ- at baseline, and 871 (34%) were HCQ+ at baseline. HCQ+ patients at baseline had a slightly lower duration of follow-up compared to HCQ- patients at baseline, median (IQR) of 2.32 (1.33, 3.97) years and 2.55 (1.44, 4.25) years, respectively, p= 0.02. During follow-up period, only 778 (30%) continued HCQ either intermittently or continuously to the last follow-up date, 1306 (51%) were never prescribed HCQ after baseline, and 495 (19%) discontinued HCQ before the last follow-up date. Of the 1801 patients who were either never prescribed or discontinued HCQ early after ESRD onset, 713 (40%) were prescribed CS to the end of the follow-up period: 55% were receiving a low dose <10mg/daily, and 43 were receiving moderate dose (10-20mg daily)Conclusion:HCQ may be underprescribed and CS may be overprescribed in SLE ESRD. Changing the current prescribing practices may improve outcomes in SLE ESRDReferences:[1]Yap DY et al., NDT 2012.[2]Broder A et al., AC&R 2016.Acknowledgments :The data reported here have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the author(s) and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the U.S. government.Funding: :NIH/NIAMS K23 AR068441 (A Broder), NIH/NIAMS R01 AR 057327 and K24 AR 066109 (KH Costenbader)Disclosure of Interests: :Anna R. Broder: None declared, Wenzhu Mowrey: None declared, Anna Valle: None declared, Beatrice Goilav: None declared, Kazuki Yoshida: None declared, Karen Costenbader Grant/research support from: Merck, Consultant of: Astra-Zeneca
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Amamra, Sid-Ali, Yashraj Tripathy, Anup Barai, Andrew D. Moore, and James Marco. "Electric Vehicle Battery Performance Investigation Based on Real World Current Harmonics." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020489.
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Electric vehicle (EV) powertrains consist of power electronic components as well as electric machines to manage the energy flow between different powertrain subsystems and to deliver the necessary torque and power requirements at the wheels. These power subsystems can generate undesired electrical harmonics on the direct current (DC) bus of the powertrain. This may lead to the on-board battery being subjected to DC current superposed with undesirable high- and low- frequency current oscillations, known as ripples. From real-world measurements, significant current harmonics perturbations within the range of 50 Hz to 4 kHz have been observed on the high voltage DC bus of the EV. In the limited literature, investigations into the impact of these harmonics on the degradation of battery systems have been conducted. In these studies, the battery systems were supplied by superposed current signals i.e., DC superposed by a single frequency alternating current (AC). None of these studies considered applying the entire spectrum of the ripple current measured in the real-world scenario, which is focused on in this research. The preliminary results indicate that there is no difference concerning capacity fade or impedance rise between the cells subjected to just DC current and those subjected additionally to a superposed AC ripple current.
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Jiang, Qing-Qiao, and Lars R. Bakken. "Nitrous Oxide Production and Methane Oxidation by Different Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2679-2684.1999.
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ABSTRACT Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are thought to contribute significantly to N2O production and methane oxidation in soils. Most of our knowledge derives from experiments withNitrosomonas europaea, which appears to be of minor importance in most soils compared to Nitrosospira spp. We have conducted a comparative study of levels of aerobic N2O production in six phylogenetically different Nitrosospirastrains newly isolated from soils and in two N. europaeaand Nitrosospira multiformis type strains. The fraction of oxidized ammonium released as N2O during aerobic growth was remarkably constant (0.07 to 0.1%) for all theNitrosospira strains, irrespective of the substrate supply (urea versus ammonium), the pH, or substrate limitation. N. europaea and Nitrosospira multiformis released similar fractions of N2O when they were supplied with ample amounts of substrates, but the fractions rose sharply (to 1 to 5%) when they were restricted by a low pH or substrate limitation. Phosphate buffer (versus HEPES) doubled the N2O release for all types of AOB. No detectable oxidation of atmospheric methane was detected. Calculations based on detection limits as well as data in the literature on CH4 oxidation by AOB bacteria prove that none of the tested strains contribute significantly to the oxidation of atmospheric CH4 in soils.
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Nemschak, Gregor, and Michael L. Pretterklieber. "The Patellar Arterial Supply via the Infrapatellar Fat Pad (of Hoffa): A Combined Anatomical and Angiographical Analysis." Anatomy Research International 2012 (June 6, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/713838.
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Even though the vascular supply of the human patella has been object of numerous studies until now, none of them has described in detail the rich arterial supply provided via the infrapatellar fat pad (of Hoffa). Therefore, we aimed to complete the knowledge about this interesting and clinically relevant topic. Five human patellae taken from voluntary body donators were studied at the Department of Applied Anatomy of the Medical University of Vienna. One was dissected under the operation microscope, a second was made translucent by Sihlers-solution, and three underwent angiography using a 3D X-ray unit. The results revealed that the patella to a considerable amount is supplied by arteries coursing through the surrounding parts of the infrapatellar fat pad. The latter were found to branch off from the medial and lateral superior and inferior genicular arteries. Within the infrapatellar fat pad, these arteries formed a dense network of anastomoses which are all contributing to the viability of the patellar bone. Due to the rich arterial supply reaching the patella via the infrapatellar fat pad, it seems advisable to preserve the fat pad during surgery of the knee in order to reduce the risk of vascular impairment of the patella.
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Vivekananda, Umesh, Pavel Novak, Oscar D. Bello, Yuri E. Korchev, Shyam S. Krishnakumar, Kirill E. Volynski, and Dimitri M. Kullmann. "Kv1.1 channelopathy abolishes presynaptic spike width modulation by subthreshold somatic depolarization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 9 (February 13, 2017): 2395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608763114.
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Although action potentials propagate along axons in an all-or-none manner, subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations at the soma affect neurotransmitter release from synaptic boutons. An important mechanism underlying analog–digital modulation is depolarization-mediated inactivation of presynaptic Kv1-family potassium channels, leading to action potential broadening and increased calcium influx. Previous studies have relied heavily on recordings from blebs formed after axon transection, which may exaggerate the passive propagation of somatic depolarization. We recorded instead from small boutons supplied by intact axons identified with scanning ion conductance microscopy in primary hippocampal cultures and asked how distinct potassium channels interact in determining the basal spike width and its modulation by subthreshold somatic depolarization. Pharmacological or genetic deletion of Kv1.1 broadened presynaptic spikes without preventing further prolongation by brief depolarizing somatic prepulses. A heterozygous mouse model of episodic ataxia type 1 harboring a dominant Kv1.1 mutation had a similar broadening effect on basal spike shape as deletion of Kv1.1; however, spike modulation by somatic prepulses was abolished. These results argue that the Kv1.1 subunit is not necessary for subthreshold modulation of spike width. However, a disease-associated mutant subunit prevents the interplay of analog and digital transmission, possibly by disrupting the normal stoichiometry of presynaptic potassium channels.
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Muchalak, Franciele, Elisângela de Souza Loureiro, and Luis Gustavo Amorim Pessoa. "Comparative biology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eucalyptus spp." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (June 7, 2020): e729974627. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4627.
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The Brazilian forestry sector has great importance in the economy and the sustainability of the country. With the great expansion of monoculture, and many times the proximity of agricultural and forestry plantations favors the migration or establishment of pests. The Helicoverpa armigera is a pest extremely polyphagous that occurs mainly in agricultural crops, and that casually was found feeding on eucalyptus plantations in the region of Chapadão do Sul, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this study the parameters of consumption, size, and longevity of caterpillars were measured. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (clones I 144; 08; Urocam VM01; AEC 1528 and artificial diet, this being a witness) and six replicates of 10 caterpillar larvae. The clones were grown in greenhouse conditions to produce leaves free of chemical plant protection products and with good nutritional status from which they have removed the sheets and supplied to the caterpillars. There was no statistical difference between the clones tested in none of the evaluated parameters. Only the artificial diet showed statistical difference concerning the size. The caterpillars fed on leaves of the clones have not completed their development, suggesting that the effect of antibiosis interfering on the biology of H. armigera not reaching status of pest.
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Pereira, Erica Mendes, Sonia Regina Silva-Queiroz, José Gregório Cabrera Gomez, and Luiziana Ferreira Silva. "Disruption of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle and evaluation of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate biosynthesis suggest alternate catabolic pathways of propionate inBurkholderia sacchari." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 6 (June 2009): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-018.
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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the relevance of the 2-methylcitric acid cycle (2MCC) to the catabolism of propionate in Burkholderia sacchari . Two B. sacchari mutants unable to grow on propionate were obtained: one disrupted in acnM, and the other in acnM and prpC deleted. An operative 2MCC significantly reduces the bacterial ability to incorporate 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) into a biodegradable copolyester accumulated from carbohydrates plus propionate. The efficiency of the mutants in converting propionate to 3HV units (Y3HV/prp) increased from 0.09 g·g–1to 0.81–0.96 g·g–1, indicating that acnM and prpC are both essential for growth on propionate. None of the mutations resulted in achievement of the maximum theoretical Y3HV/prp(1.35 g·g–1). When increasing concentrations of propionate were supplied, decreasing values of Y3HV/prpwere observed. The results obtained corroborate the hypothesis of the presence of other propionate catabolic pathways in B. sacchari. The 2MCC would be the more operative pathway, but a second pathway, which remains to be elucidated, would assume more importance under propionate concentrations of 1 g·L–1or higher. The efficiency in converting propionate to 3HV units can be improved by decreasing the propionate concentrations, owing to the role of the 2MCC.
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Broggi, Francesca, Jessica Ponti, Guido Giudetti, Fabio Franchini, Vicki Stone, César Pascual García, and François Rossi. "Silver nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity, but not cell transformation or genotoxicity on Balb3T3 mouse fibroblasts." BioNanoMaterials 14, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2013): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bnm-2013-0006.
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AbstractSilver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most common nanomaterials present in nanotechnology-based products. Here, the physical chemical properties of Ag NPs suspensions of 44 nm, 84 nm and 100 nm sizes synthesized in our laboratory were characterized. The NM-300 material (average size of 17 nm), supplied by the Joint Research Centre Nanomaterials Repository was also included in the present study. The Ag NPs potential cytotoxicity was tested on the Balb3T3 cell line by the Colony Forming Efficiency assay, while their potential morphological neoplastic transformation and genotoxicity were tested by the Cell Transformation Assay and the micronucleus test, respectively. After 24 h of exposure, NM-300 showed cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 8 µM (corresponding to 0.88 µg/mL) while for the other nanomaterials tested, values of IC50 were higher than 10 µM (1.10 µg/mL). After 72 h of exposure, Ag NPs showed size-dependent cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 1.5 µM (1.16 µg/mL) for NM-300, 1.7 µM (1.19 µg/mL) for Ag 44 nm, 1.9 µM (0.21 µg/mL) for Ag 84 nm and 3.2 µM (0.35 µg/mL) for Ag 100 nm. None of the Ag NPs tested was able to induce either morphological neoplastic transformation or micronuclei formation.
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Vignapiano, A., V. Montefusco, G. M. Plescia, G. Di Lorenzo, C. Niolu, M. Altamura, D. Marasco, G. M. Giordano, A. Mucci, and S. Galderisi. "Neurophysiological correlates of negative symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.687.
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IntroductionNegative symptoms have long been recognized as a central feature of schizophrenia, which limit recovery, having a strong negative impact on real-life functioning. External validators of the negative symptoms domains might help refining hypotheses on their pathophysiological basis.AimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate, in the context of the multicenter study of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses, the relationships between auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) components and negative symptom domains in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ).MethodsWe examined ERPs recorded during an auditory odd-ball task in 115 chronic stabilized SCZ (78% on second-generation antipsychotics) and 62 matched healthy controls (HC). Negative symptoms were assessed using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale.ResultsOur main findings included significant N100 and P3b amplitude reductions in SCZ compared to HC. P3b amplitude did not correlate with any negative symptom domain, while N100 amplitude correlated with both anhedonia and avolition domains.ConclusionsAvolition and anhedonia, often clustering in the same factor, are related to abnormalities of early components of the ERPs correlated with perceptual and automatic attention processes. None of the negative symptom domains is associated with abnormalities of the later stages indexed by P3 amplitude.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Romero Otalvaro, A. M., M. Munoz-Argel, C. Aguilar-Aruachan, and G. Padilla-Vargas Gianina. "Body image, food behavior and models esthetic in university students." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.482.
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A growing host is currently evident in young people all about sports culture where interest in body image and a strong cult of the body whose main purpose in many cases prevails is to achieve aesthetic purposes based body models of society, which may be related to an increase in risk eating behaviors and habits of excessive exercise. This research aims to examine the possible presence of three variables: eating behavior, aesthetics models and body image in male college gym users and nonusers. The variables were evaluated by applying Inventory eating disorder EDI 2, which measures the presence of symptoms associated with eating disorders. The Adonis complex Questionnaire which is used to assess the degree of concern about physical appearance and The Questionnaire Body Influences of Aesthetic Model CIMEC-40 which evaluates the internalization of cultural aesthetic ideals. The sample consists of 50 subjects, aged 18 and 24 years, students from the one University of the city of Monteria – Colombia.The results indicate that the user group show greater trend scales obsession with thinness and social insecurity than non-users, like greater influence of verbal messages regarding the cultural aesthetic models, however none of the groups expresses serious or pathological concern about body image.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pérez González, S., M. De Dios Felis, E. Monteagudo Gimeno, D. Sanagustín Bosqued, A. Trabsa Biskri, M. Grifell Guàrdia, L. Galindo Guarín, P. Quintana Mathe, and M. Torrens Melich. "New designer benzodiazepines use in Barcelona." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1758.
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IntroductionNew designer benzodiazepines such as phenazepam, etizolam, diclazepam, clonazolam and flubromazolam have appeared in the recreational drug market due to that they provide an attractive alternative to prescription-only benzodiazepines as they are readily available over the Internet.ObjectiveTo describe the presence of new designer benzodiazepines in samples delivered to energy control since 2010 to 2016 in Barcelona.MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 24,551 samples were delivered to energy control. Among this samples 43 (0.175%) were analysed as benzodiazepines. They were analyzed by energy control, a Spanish harm reduction NGO that offers the possibility of analyzing the substances that users report. Analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom the 43 samples analyzed as benzodiazepines, 1 (2.32%) was delivered in 2010, none in 2011, 2 (4.65%) in 2012, 2 (4.65%) in 2013, 1 (2.32%) in 2014, 15 (34.88%) in 2015 and 21 (48.83%) in 2016.DiscussionThe data shows that new designer benzodiazepines use is increasing in Barcelona, especially in the last two years. Abuse an addiction to these drugs may be a new public health problem in Barcelona. Unknown side effects may appear due to lack of information about pharmacokinetic profile of these drugs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Nesporova, Kristina, Adam Valcek, Costas Papagiannitsis, Iva Kutilova, Ivana Jamborova, Lenka Davidova-Gerzova, Ibrahim Bitar, Jaroslav Hrabak, Ivan Literak, and Monika Dolejska. "Multi-Drug Resistant Plasmids with ESBL/AmpC and mcr-5.1 in Paraguayan Poultry Farms: The Linkage of Antibiotic Resistance and Hatcheries." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040866.
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Poultry represents a common source of bacteria with resistance to antibiotics including the critically important ones. Selective cultivation using colistin, cefotaxime and meropenem was performed for 66 chicken samples coming from 12 farms in Paraguay while two breeding companies supplied the farms. A total of 62 Escherichia coli and 22 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were obtained and representative isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Relatively high prevalence of phylogenetic group D and F was observed in E. coli isolates and several zoonotic sequence types (STs) including ST457 (14 isolates), ST38 (5), ST10 (2), ST117 (2) or ST93 (4) were detected. Isolates from three farms, which purchased chicken from a Paraguayan hatchery showed higher prevalence of mcr-5.1 and blaCTX-M-8 compared to the other nine farms, which purchased chickens from a Brazilian hatchery. Moreover, none of the K. pneumoniae isolates were linked to the Paraguayan hatchery. ESBL/AmpC and mcr-5-carrying multi-drug resistant (MDR) plasmids were characterized, and complete sequences were obtained for eight plasmids. The study shed light on Paraguayan poultry farms as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance commonly conferred via MDR plasmids and showed linkage between resistance and origin of the chickens at the hatcheries level.
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Hochachka, P. W. "Fuels and pathways as designed systems for support of muscle work." Journal of Experimental Biology 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.115.1.149.
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Muscle in all animals relies upon four potential sources of energy: ATP hydrolysis, phosphagen hydrolysis, fermentations or oxidative metabolism. Although the relative contributions of different fuels varies greatly in different organisms, in none is there a simple reliance on stored ATP. Muscle work therefore requires a balance between rates of utilization and formation of ATP, a provision supplied by one of the three remaining fuels and metabolic pathways. Useful endogenous fuels must be storable at high level, and rapidly mobilizable with minimal perturbation of [ATP] and with minimal end-product effects on pH, charge or osmotic balance. In addition to displaying these properties, good exogenous fuels must be transferable at high rates between depot sites and muscle; actual flux rates of exogenous fuels depend upon respective ATP yields and are lowest for fuels which most amplify the yield of ATP per mol substrate oxidized. Substrate flux rates must be matched with O2 flux rates and with rates of endogenous substrate mobilization in order that the right energy-yielding pathways are activated at the right times. Of various control possibilities, an effective competition for ADP (and possibly Pi) seems at this time to be the dominant strategy for assuring integration of aerobic and anaerobic ATP-yielding pathways.
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Giovale, M., G. Tramontano, R. Galli, S. Rando, A. Giusti, L. Bandi, F. Russo, S. Rampoldi, L. C. Bottaro, and G. Bianchi. "POS1447 LOW-INTENSITY PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IMPROVE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT MANNER: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN OLDER ADULTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1007.2–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2383.
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Background:Low-intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been shown to improve gait parameters in frail older adults.1 Furthermore, the continuous exposure to PEMF (up to 1 year) have been demonstrated to produce progressive improvements in self-selected gait speed in older adults at risk of falling.2Objectives:To investigate the effects of two different treatment regimens of PEMF on physical performances in older adults presenting with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) or severe osteoporosis (OP).Methods:Older adults presenting with RA, OA or OP, at increased risk of falls, evaluated in our Falls Prevention Clinic, were considered for a prospective observational study investigating the effects of PEMF on physical performances. PEMF were supplied by the THS 280 E device (THS-Therapeutic Solutions Srl, Milan, Italy). It provides a new therapeutic approach, named TEPS (Triple Energy Postural Stabilization), that represents an evolution of physical therapy.1,2 On the basis of the physician judgment, PEMF were administered following an intensive protocol, every 45 days (PEMF-45), or a standard validated protocol1,2, every 60 days (PEMF-60). All subjects were assessed at baseline and every 3 months with the following tests: 4 meters gait speed test [4MGS, seconds (sec)], timed up and go test (TUG, sec), chair stand test (CST, sec), short physical performance battery (SPPB, score), and hand grip strength (HGS) by hand dynamometer (Kg). Demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics, including pharmacological treatments and functional status were evaluated at baseline. Clinical and adverse events were assessed every 45 or 60 days after PEMF administration.Results:Overall, 94 patients were enrolled between January and December 2020. Of these, 43 subjects (N=33 PEMF-45, N=11 PEMF-60) with a valid 6-month follow-up assessment were considered for the current analysis. The two groups were comparable regarding the main baseline characteristics, and similar % of patients presented with RA, OA or OP. Mean age (±SE) was 78±7 in PEMF-45 and 77±7 in PEMF-60. As expected, all physical performance tests improved significantly from baseline to 6 months in both groups. Mean (±SE) 4MGS increased significantly more in PEMF-45 (from 3.24±0.12 sec to 2.83±0.18 sec) compared to PEMF-60 (from 3.22±0.21 sec to 3.02±0.30 sec, p=.018). Likewise, mean (±SE) CST improved more in PEMF-45 (from 12.4±0.9 sec to 8.7±0.4 sec) compared to PEMF-60 (from 11.1±1.5 sec to 9.8±0.7 sec, p=.002). No significant difference between groups was found for the other tests, although a trend toward better results in PEMF-45 was manifest: SPPB improved by 6.4% in PEMF-45 and by 3.0% in PEMF-60, and TUG decreased by 7.8% in PEMF-45 and by 6.1% in PEMF-60. During the 6 months observation period no adverse event was observed.Conclusion:Preliminary results of our ongoing prospective observational study suggest that a more frequent administration of PEMF produces greater improvements in some but not all physical performance parameters compared to a standard validated regimen1,2.References:[1]Giusti A et al., Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013. 2Giusti A et al., J Am Geriatr Soc 2014.Disclosure of Interests:Massimo Giovale: None declared, Giuseppina Tramontano: None declared, Rossana Galli: None declared, Simone Rando: None declared, Andrea Giusti Speakers bureau: UCB, Amgen, Kyowa Kirin, Abiogen Pharma, and Eli Lilly, outside the submitted work, Consultant of: EffRx and Abiogen Pharma, outside the submitted work, Lorenzo Bandi: None declared, Francesca Russo: None declared, Stefano Rampoldi Employee of: THS Therapeutic Solutions SRL, Luigi Carlo Bottaro: None declared, Gerolamo Bianchi Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Abiogen Pharma, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, Medac, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Genzyme and Servier, outside the submitted work
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Szlązak, Nikodem, and Justyna Swolkień. "Functioning Efficiency of the Central Air-Conditioning System on the Selected Example." New Trends in Production Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2020-0005.
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AbstractOne of the particularly significant threats during exploitation is the climatic threat, which is associated with an increase in the overall costs that are allocated to combating it. The rise in the virgin temperature of the rock mass by 1oC increases the demand for the required cooling capacity to be taken from the air. The publication assesses the effectiveness of the air-conditioning installation by testing its operation on a selected example. The assessment of the efficiency of the air-conditioning installation for a selected hard coal mine showed that none of the five tested coolers achieved the maximum assumed rated power. The use of total power (7.5 MW) in mining excavations was less than 50% and amounted to η = 0.472%. The research showed that the main reason for obtaining low cooling parameters is the inability to locate them in the place of the highest air temperatures. The other problem is an insufficient airflow rate of cooling water supplied to the coolers at too high temperature. The above considerations indicated that the cooling power from built-in air- conditioning systems is not properly and effectively used. Improving the efficiency of its functioning is possible by proceeding research that will eliminate the above factors and by using air conditioning equipment, taking into account the periodic audit of their work to reduce electricity consumption.
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Sharma, Baby, and Mukesh Kumar Chettri. "REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR IMMOBOLIZATION OF HEAVY METALS FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 19 (February 13, 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v19i0.9853.
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To understand the remedial measures of heavy metals from contaminated soil, three vegetable (Brassica juncea, Brassica rapa and Lepidium sativum) were grown on soil artificially contaminated with 300 mg kg-1 CuCl2, 500 mg kg-1 Pb(NO3)2, 800 mg kg-1 ZnCl2 or their mixed metal (1600 mg kg-1). This experiment showed that Cu and Pb accumulation in vegetables are higher in lime treatments than in 20% cowdung treatments. Zinc accumulation increased in B. rapa and L. sativum in both cow dung and lime treatments compared to control. Accumulation of Cu, Pb and Zn from mixed metal treatment was highest in L. sativum (at lime 9 g kg-1 for Cu and Pb, and 20% cow dung for Zn). Morphological changes such as fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length, mostly increased significantly (P≤0.01) with Zn and cow dung treatment, but none with lime treatment. Fresh and dry weight increased only in L. sativum grown in 3 g kg-1 lime treatment. Immobilization of Cu, Pb and Zn in both single and mixed treatments was found to be high in cow dung amended soil. From this it can be ascertained that 20% cow dung treatment is suitable for immobilization of supplied heavy metals than lime treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v19i0.9853EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 19, 2012Page: 1-5Uploaded date: 2/14/2014
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Kazumi, T., M. Vranic, and G. Steiner. "Triglyceride kinetics: effects of dietary glucose, sucrose, or fructose alone or with hyperinsulinemia." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): E325—E330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.3.e325.
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The effects of different dietary sugars, with or without exogenously induced hyperinsulinemia, on rat plasma triglyceride kinetics have been studied. Glucose, sucrose, or fructose were supplied as 10% drinking solutions. The sugar-supplemented groups were each divided into subgroups, one receiving 6 U of insulin per day for 2 wk from intraperitoneally implanted minipumps and the other receiving none. The same degree of hyperglycemia and of endogenous hyperinsulinemia was seen in each sugar-supplemented group. Infusing exogenous insulin restored normoglycemia and produced more pronounced but equal hyperinsulinemia in each subgroup. In those rats that received no exogenous insulin, triglyceride production increased 18% in the sucrose-supplemented group and 20% in the fructose supplemented subgroups, but not at all in the glucose-supplemented subgroup. This 20% increase in triglyceride production in the fructose-supplemented subgroup was accompanied by a six times greater (120%) increase in triglyceride concentration. This suggested that dietary fructose not only increased triglyceride production, but also impaired triglyceride removal. Exogenously induced hyperinsulinemia further increased triglyceride production in those rats receiving dietary fructose, either as the monosaccharide or as sucrose, but not in those receiving only glucose. Thus, in the presence of fructose, but not glucose, insulin stimulates triglyceride production. As exogenous insulin returned the triglyceride concentrations to normal in the fructose-supplemented rats, it also appeared to overcome any fructose-associated impairment of triglyceride removal.
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Bak, Monika J., Nicolai Wewer Albrechtsen, Jens Pedersen, Bolette Hartmann, Mikkel Christensen, Tina Vilsbøll, Filip K. Knop, Carolyn F. Deacon, Lars O. Dragsted, and Jens J. Holst. "Specificity and sensitivity of commercially available assays for glucagon and oxyntomodulin measurement in humans." European Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 4 (April 2014): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0941.
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AimTo determine the specificity and sensitivity of assays carried out using commercially available kits for glucagon and/or oxyntomodulin measurements.MethodsTen different assay kits used for the measurement of either glucagon or oxyntomodulin concentrations were obtained. Solutions of synthetic glucagon (proglucagon (PG) residues 33–61), oxyntomodulin (PG residues 33–69) and glicentin (PG residues 1–69) were prepared and peptide concentrations were verified by quantitative amino acid analysis and a processing-independent in-house RIA. Peptides were added to the matrix (assay buffer) supplied with the kits (concentration range: 1.25–300 pmol/l) and to human plasma and recoveries were determined. Assays yielding meaningful results were analysed for precision and sensitivity by repeated analysis and ability to discriminate low concentrations.Results and conclusionThree assays were specific for glucagon (carried out using the Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA), Bio-Rad (Sundbyberg, Sweden), and ALPCO (Salem, NH, USA) and Yanaihara Institute (Shizuoka, Japan) kits), but none was specific for oxyntomodulin. The assay carried out using the Phoenix (Burlingame, CA, USA) glucagon kit measured the concentrations of all three peptides (total glucagon) equally. Sensitivity and precision were generally poor; the assay carried out using the Millipore RIA kit performed best with a sensitivity around 10 pmol/l. Assays carried out using the BlueGene (Shanghai, China), USCN LIFE (Wuhan, China) (oxyntomodulin and glucagon), MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA) and Phoenix oxyntomodulin kits yielded inconsistent results.