Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-word discrimination

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-word discrimination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-word discrimination"

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Reuterskiöld‐Wagner, Christina, Birgitta Sahlén, and Angelique Nyman. "Non‐word repetition and non‐word discrimination in Swedish preschool children." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 19, no. 8 (January 2005): 681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200400000343.

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Weber, Andrea, and Anne Cutler. "Phonetic discrimination and non-native spoken-word recognition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 5 (2002): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777954.

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Silbert, Noah H., Benjamin K. Smith, Scott R. Jackson, Susan G. Campbell, Meredith M. Hughes, and Medha Tare. "Non-native phonemic discrimination, phonological short term memory, and word learning." Journal of Phonetics 50 (May 2015): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2015.03.001.

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Silbert, Noah H., Benjamin K. Smith, and Scott R. Jackson. "Phonological structure, non-native phoneme discrimination, working memory, and word learning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (May 2013): 3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4806703.

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Strickler, Alyssa, and Rebecca Scarborough. "Effects of word context on formant discrimination." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011282.

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Studies of phonetic variation identify systematic, but often very small, acoustic differences in the realization of vowels. However, it is not known whether such differences are perceptually relevant in realistic contexts. We examine perceptibility of incrementally manipulated differences in F1 and F2 in vowels embedded in real words of English (experiment 1), and vowels in isolation (experiment 2), via an AX discrimination task. Forty listeners in each experiment, recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, heard 27 monosyllabic words or vowels in pairs containing a no-change token and a token edited to differ up to ±100 Hz in F1 or ±150 Hz in F2 relative to the original and were asked to say whether tokens were same or different. Discrimination increased with bigger vowel differences (both F1 and F2) in both experiments; however, even maximally different tokens were correctly discriminated less than half the time. F2 discrimination was better in isolated vowels (48%) than in whole words (33%). Compared to previous results in optimized difference limen studies (e.g., Kewley-Port and Watson, 1994), our results show that untrained listeners in more typical listening conditions (non-synthetic speech heard in non-laboratory conditions in real word contexts) require much bigger differences to be perceptible.
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VAN DE VELDE, Daan J., Niels O. SCHILLER, Claartje C. LEVELT, Vincent J. VAN HEUVEN, Mieke BEERS, Jeroen J. BRIAIRE, and Johan H. M. FRIJNS. "Prosody perception and production by children with cochlear implants." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000918000387.

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AbstractThe perception and production of emotional and linguistic (focus) prosody were compared in children with cochlear implants (CI) and normally hearing (NH) peers. Thirteen CI and thirteen hearing-age-matched school-aged NH children were tested, as baseline, on non-verbal emotion understanding, non-word repetition, and stimulus identification and naming. Main tests were verbal emotion discrimination, verbal focus position discrimination, acted emotion production, and focus production. Productions were evaluated by NH adult Dutch listeners. All scores between groups were comparable, except a lower score for the CI group for non-word repetition. Emotional prosody perception and production scores correlated weakly for CI children but were uncorrelated for NH children. In general, hearing age weakly predicted emotion production but not perception. Non-verbal emotional (but not linguistic) understanding predicted CI children's (but not controls’) emotion perception and production. In conclusion, increasing time in sound might facilitate vocal emotional expression, possibly requiring independently maturing emotion perception skills.
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Morris, David Jackson, and Holger Juul. "The long and the short of vowel length perception in Danish." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 5 (November 2022): 2953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015145.

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Danish is a quantity language in which the length of vowels is either short or long. This study investigates vowel length in order to determine the degree to which we can ascribe the conventional categorical tag to vowel quantity perception. In a pilot study ( n = 18) the gradual shortening of long vowels was identified as methodologically preferable for deriving stimuli continua, as complete identification functions could be fitted to the mean data. We employed this method to derive stimuli for identification and discrimination experiments ( n = 32) that included the words used in the pilot and another word pair. This pair has phonetically similar variation in vowel duration although, due to recent language change, quantity is no longer contrastive. Results from the phonologically contrastive word pairs showed sigmoidal identification functions and discrimination peaks in the middle of the continua, while the identification slope for the non-contrastive pair was approximately linear and there was no clear discrimination peak. These differences show that the perception of speech contrasts is influenced by the linguistic experience of listeners as well as auditory and articulatory factors.
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Joanisse, Marc, and Félix Desmeules Trudel. "How do non-native phonemes impact learning words in a second language? Evidence from eyetracking and EEG in a laboratory word learning study." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016130.

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A classic finding holds that listeners have significant difficulty categorizing and discriminating unfamiliar/nonnative phonemes. In the present study we examined how this influences learning new words in a second language (L2). Adult monolingual English speakers were trained on a pseudo-French vocabulary, by matching images of cartoon “aliens” to auditory CVCV words incorporating French vowels and consonants. Of interest was comparing words incorporating vowels similar to English to those containing highly unfamiliar vowels (here, the French high front rounded vowel [y]). Accuracy, eyetracking and event-related potentials (ERPs, measured with EEG) were then used to assess word recognition post-training. The neurocognitive measures indicated weakened recognition of words containing the novel [y] vowel, compared to words with vowels that more closely resembled those in English. Furthermore, we found that a training regime that emphasized discriminating easily confused vowels (i.e., [u] vs. [y]) during learning yielded somewhat improved recognition, both immediately after training and in a follow-up session. Interestingly, learning words containing the unfamiliar [y] vowel was not accompanied by improved AX discrimination of this vowel. The results have key implications for how we understand the role of phonology in L2 word representations, and for how we approach L2 teaching.
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RAJAN, Vinaya, Haruka KONISHI, Katherine RIDGE, Derek M. HOUSTON, Roberta Michnick GOLINKOFF, Kathy HIRSH-PASEK, Nancy EASTMAN, and Richard G. SCHWARTZ. "Novel word learning at 21 months predicts receptive vocabulary outcomes in later childhood." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 04 (February 26, 2019): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000918000600.

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AbstractSeveral aspects of early language skills, including parent-report measures of vocabulary, phoneme discrimination, speech segmentation, and speed of lexical access predict later childhood language outcomes. To date, no studies have examined the long-term predictive validity of novel word learning. We examined whether individual differences in novel word learning at 21 months predict later childhood receptive vocabulary outcomes rather than generalized cognitive abilities. Twenty-eight 21-month-olds were taught novel words using a modified version of the Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm. Seventeen children (range 7–10 years) returned to participate in a longitudinal follow-up. Novel word learning in infancy uniquely accounted for 22% of the variance in childhood receptive vocabulary but did not predict later childhood visuospatial ability or non-verbal IQ. These results suggest that the ability to associate novel sound patterns to novel objects, an index of the process of word learning, may be especially important for long-term language mastery.
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BHATIA, Gautam. "Horizontal Discrimination and Article 15(2) of the Indian Constitution: A Transformative Approach." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 11, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2016.5.

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AbstractThis article explores horizontal non-discrimination rights under the Constitution of India (Indian Constitution). The Indian Constitution is unique in that it expressly prohibits private discrimination on the grounds of sex, race, caste, religion, etc. for the purpose of, inter alia, “access to … shops” (Article 15(2)). The article argues that a historically grounded understanding of the word “shops”, in the context of the transformative purposes of the Indian Constitution, necessitates a broad reading that covers all private economic transactions where goods and services are offered to the public at large. Furthermore, seemingly contrary Supreme Court precedent, if it is constitutionally justifiable, must be restricted to its own facts. In sum, Article 15(2) of the Indian Constitution provides a radical constitutional remedy that is directly horizontally applicable to private conduct, and goes far beyond remedies developed in other jurisdictions, which have often needed to turn to legislation in order to adequately combat private discrimination in the economic and social sphere.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-word discrimination"

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González, Gómez Nayeli. "Acquisition de relations phonologiques non-adjacentes : de la perception de la parole à l’acquisition lexicale." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H102/document.

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Les langues ont de nombreux types de dépendances, certaines concernant des éléments adjacents et d'autres concernant des éléments non adjacents. Au cours des dernières décennies, de nombreuses études ont montré comment les capacités précoces générales des enfants pour traiter le langage se transforment en capacités spécialisées pour la langue qu'ils acquièrent. Ces études ont montré que pendant la deuxième moitié de leur première année de vie, les enfants deviennent sensibles aux propriétés prosodiques, phonétiques et phonotactiques de leur langue maternelle concernant les éléments adjacents. Cependant, aucune étude n'avait mis en évidence la sensibilité des enfants à des dépendances phonologiques non-adjacentes, qui sont un élément clé dans les langues humaines. Par conséquent, la présente thèse a examiné si les enfants sont capables de détecter, d'apprendre et d’utiliser des dépendances phonotactiques non-adjacentes. Le biais Labial-Coronal, correspondant à la prévalence des structures commençant par une consonne labiale suivie d'une consonne coronale (LC, comme bateau), par rapport au pattern inverse Coronal-Labial (CL, comme tabac), a été utilisé pour explorer la sensibilité des nourrissons aux dépendances phonologiques non-adjacentes. Nos résultats établissent qu’à 10 mois les enfants de familles francophones sont sensibles aux dépendances phonologiques non-adjacentes (partie expérimentale 1.1). De plus, nous avons exploré le niveau auquel s’effectuent ces acquisitions. En effet, des analyses de fréquence sur le lexique du français ont montré que le biais LC est clairement présent pour les séquences de plosives et de nasales, mais pas pour les fricatives. Les résultats d'une série d'expériences suggèrent que le pattern de préférences des enfants n’est pas guidé par l'ensemble des fréquences cumulées dans le lexique, ou des fréquences de paires individuelles, mais par des classes de consonnes définies par le mode d'articulation (partie expérimentale 1.2). En outre, nous avons cherché à savoir si l’émergence du biais LC était liés à des contraintes de type maturationnel ou bien par l'exposition à l’input linguistique. Pour cela, nous avons tout d’abord testé l'émergence du biais LC dans une population présentant des différences de maturation, à savoir des enfants nés prématurément (± 3 mois avant terme), puis comparé leurs performances à un groupe d‘enfants nés à terme appariés en âge de maturation, et à un groupe de nourrissons nés à terme appariés en âge chronologique. Nos résultats indiquent qu’à 10 mois les enfants prématurés ont un pattern qui ressemble plus au pattern des enfants nés à terme âgés de 10 mois (même âge d'écoute) qu’à celui des enfants nés à terme âgés de 7 mois (même âge de maturation ; partie expérimentale 1.3). Deuxièmement, nous avons testé une population apprenant une langue où le biais LC n’est pas aussi clairement présent dans le lexique : le japonais. Les résultats de cette série d'expériences n’a montré aucune préférence pour les structures LC ou CL chez les enfants japonais (partie expérimentale 1.4). Pris ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que le biais LC peut être attribué à l'exposition à l'input linguistique et pas seulement à des contraintes maturationnelles. Enfin, nous avons exploré si, et quand, les acquisitions phonologiques apprises au cours de la première année de la vie influencent le début du développement lexical au niveau de la segmentation et de l’apprentissage des mots. Nos résultats montrent que les mots avec la structure phonotactique LC, plus fréquente, sont segmentés (partie expérimentale 2.1) et appris (partie expérimentale 2.2) à un âge plus précoce que les mots avec la structure phonotactique CL moins fréquente. Ces résultats suggèrent que les connaissances phonotactiques préalablement acquises peuvent influencer l'acquisition lexicale, même quand il s'agit d'une dépendance non-adjacente
Languages instantiate many different kinds of dependencies, some holding between adjacent elements and others holding between non-adjacent elements. During the past decades, many studies have shown how infant initial language-general abilities change into abilities that are attuned to the language they are acquiring. These studies have shown that during the second half of their first year of life, infants became sensitive to the prosodic, phonetic and phonotactic properties of their mother tongue holding between adjacent elements. However, at the present time, no study has established sensitivity to nonadjacent phonological dependencies, which are a key feature in human languages. Therefore, the present dissertation investigates whether infants are able to detect, learn and use non-adjacent phonotactic dependencies. The Labial-Coronal bias, corresponding to the prevalence of structures starting with a labial consonant followed by a coronal consonant (LC, i.e. bat), over the opposite pattern (CL, i.e. tab) was used to explore infants sensitivity to non-adjacent phonological dependencies. Our results establish that by 10 months of age French-learning infants are sensitive to non-adjacent phonological dependencies (experimental part 1.1). In addition, we explored the level of generalization of these acquisitions. Frequency analyses on the French lexicon showed that the LC bias is clearly present for plosive and nasal sequences but not for fricatives. The results of a series of experiments suggest that infants preference patterns are not guided by overall cumulative frequencies in the lexicon, or frequencies of individual pairs, but by consonant classes defined by manner of articulation (experimental part 1.2). Furthermore, we explored whether the LC bias was trigger by maturational constrains or by the exposure to the input. To do so, we tested the emergence of the LC bias firstly in a population having maturational differences, that is infants born prematurely (± 3 months before term) and compared their performance to a group of full-term infants matched in maturational age, and a group of full-term infants matched in chronological age. Our results indicate that the preterm 10-month-old pattern resembles much more that of the full-term 10-month-olds (same listening age) than that of the full-term 7-month-olds (same maturational age; experimental part 1.3). Secondly we tested a population learning a language with no LC bias in its lexicon, that is Japanese-learning infants. The results of these set of experiments failed to show any preference for either LC or CL structures in Japanese-learning infants (experimental part 1.4). Taken together these results suggest that the LC bias is triggered by the exposure to the linguistic input and not only to maturational constrains. Finally, we explored whether, and if so when, phonological acquisitions during the first year of life constrain early lexical development at the level of word segmentation and word learning. Our results show that words with frequent phonotactic structures are segmented (experimental part 2.1) and learned (experimental part 2.2) at an earlier age than words with a less frequent phonotactic structure. These results suggest that prior phonotactic knowledge can constrain later lexical acquisition even when it involves a non-adjacent dependency
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Books on the topic "Non-word discrimination"

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Maggio, Rosalie. The bias-free word finder: A dictionary of nondiscriminatory language. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-word discrimination"

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Copson, Andrew. "1. What is secularism?" In Secularism: A Very Short Introduction, 1–5. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198747222.003.0001.

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The British social reformer George Jacob Holyoake (1817–1906) coined the word ‘secularism’ to describe his this-worldly approach to personal morals, to philosophy, and to the of society and politics. A modern definition, provided by scholar Jean Baubérot, sees secularism made up of three parts: separation of religious institutions from the institutions of the state and no domination of the political sphere by religious institutions; freedom of thought, conscience, and religion for all; and no state discrimination against anyone on grounds of their religion or non-religious worldview. ‘What is secularism?’ considers these three parts in more depth and also explains that the idea of secularism is much older.
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Islam, Mohammed Nazrul, and Mohammad Ataul Karim. "Bangla Character Recognition Using Optical Joint Transform Correlation." In Technical Challenges and Design Issues in Bangla Language Processing, 117–36. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3970-6.ch006.

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Automatic Bangla character recognition has been a great challenge for research and development because of the huge number of characters, change of shape in a word and in conjunctive characters, and other similar reasons. An optical joint transform correlation-based technique is developed for Bangla character recognition which involves a simple architecture, but can operate at a very high speed because of optics, and offer a very high level of accuracy with negligible false alarms. The proposed correlation technique can successfully identify a target character in a given input scene by producing a single correlation peak per target at the target location. The discrimination between target and non-target correlation peaks is found to be very high even in noisy conditions. The recognition performance of the proposed technique is observed to be insensitive to the type and number of targets. Further improvement of the technique is made by incorporating a synthetic discriminant function, which is created from distorted images of the target character and hence can make the system efficiently recognize Bangla characters in different practical scenarios.
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Vučković, Jelena. "MEDIJSKE USLUGE I SEKSIZAM." In XXI vek - vek usluga i uslužnog prava: [Knj. 13], 211–30. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxiv-13.211v.

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Media services are provided in the circumstances of the development of technology and the emergence of a large number of media that are not media in the legal sense of the word. Digitalization and development of the Internet as a platform for communication through which information is exchanged at high speed has brought many advantages but also challenges due to the inability to pre-check content in terms of its truthfulness and accuracy. It is noticeable that the lack of editorial cyontrola has led to an increase in hate speech, discrimination, sexism and other forms of violation of freedom of expression. Sexism as a form of discriminatory perception of gender roles and gender identity is recognized as a particularly dangerous way of creating media content because it is based on stereotypes and generalizations about the roles of women and men in society, which in the long run intensifies inequality and prevents the functioning of democracy as a form of government and organization of state power, at the base of which is the equality of all citizens regardless of their special characteristics. Since the role of the media in society is defined as the role of the "guardian dog" of democratic institutions, it is very important to understand and identify what exactly sexism is, how it is related to the concept of gender equality and how much through media content (non)contributes to the development of a society based on mutual respect and respect for diversity in all its manifestations. In 2021, the Law on Gender Equality was adopted in Serbia, which clearly defines the concepts of gender, gender, equal opportunities of both sexes and defines discrimination on the basis of gender, gender characteristics and gender, which further achieved the positive obligation of the state in the direction of improving the human rights situation in this area. The paper starts from the thesis that in addition to the improved legal regulations in the field of gender equality, and measures to combat and prevent all forms of gender-based violence, violence against women and domestic violence, in practice there has been an increase in this form of discrimination both through the actions of certain institutions of the system and the political establishment, as well as through the actions of the media. That is why it is necessary to improve regulations in the field of media in the direction of defining social media as a media in the legal sense with all the responsibilities that this entails, especially since at the level of the European Union such regulations are adopted. In addition to the provision prohibiting discrimination and hate speech, media laws should also include a provision prohibiting sexism. Of great importance would be preventive action towards the education of media workers and media service providers, as much as the placement of sexist content in the long run is harmful to the state of democratic institutions and human rights of a society.
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"It has been said that Britain in the 1940s and 1950s was the only place in the world that a person’s social status could be noted within seconds by accent alone. Oral communication and vocabulary was status laden. Accent revealed education, economic position and class. Today, particularly in certain professions (including law), regional accents can often be a source of discrimination. Such discrimination is not spoken of to those whose speech habits are different; only to those whose speech habits are acceptable, creating an elite. Given the variety of oral communication, accent, tone and vocabulary, it is clear that it is not just the language that is important but how it is communicated and the attitude of the speaker. Does it include or exclude? Written expressions of language are used to judge the ultimate worth of academic work but also it is used to judge job applicants. Letters of complaint that are well presented are far more likely to be dealt with positively. The observation of protocols concerning appropriate letter writing can affect the decision to interview a job applicant. So, language is extremely powerful both in terms of its structure and vocabulary and in terms of the way it is used in both writing and speaking. Rightly or wrongly, it is used to label one as worthy or unworthy, educated or uneducated, rich or poor, rational or non-rational. Language can be used to invest aspects of character about which it cannot really speak. An aristocratic, well spoken, English accent with a rich vocabulary leads to the assumption that the speaker is well educated, of noble birth and character and is rich; a superficial rationale for nobleness, education and wealth that is quite often found to be baseless. 2.4 CASE STUDY: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE, LAW AND RELIGION Religion, politics and, of course, law find power in the written and spoken word. Many aspects of English law remain influenced by Christianity. The language of English law, steeped in the language of Christianity, speaks of the ‘immemorial’ aspects of English law (although the law artificially sets 1189 as the date for ‘immemoriality’!). In many ways the Christian story is built into the foundation of English law. Theories of law describe the word of the Sovereign as law; that what is spoken is authority and power, actively creating law based on analogy just as God spoke Christ into creation. Since the 16th century, when Henry VIII’s dispute with the Holy Roman Catholic Church caused England to move away from an acceptance of the religious and political authority of the Pope, English monarchs have been charged with the role of ‘Defender of the Faith’. As an acknowledgment of modern pluralist society, there have recently been suggestions that the Prince of Wales, if he becomes King, should perhaps consider being ‘Defender of Faith’, leaving it open which faith; although the role is tied at present to Anglicanism, that Christian denomination ‘established by law’. English law recognises the Sovereign as the fountain of justice, exercising mercy traceable back to powers given by the Christian God. Indeed, this aspect of the." In Legal Method and Reasoning, 26. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843145103-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-word discrimination"

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Silbert, Noah, Benjamin K. Smith, and Scott R. Jackson. "Phonological structure, non-native phoneme discrimination, working memory, and word learning." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4800635.

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Ma, Tengfei, and Tetsuya Nasukawa. "Inverted Bilingual Topic Models for Lexicon Extraction from Non-parallel Data." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/569.

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Topic models have been successfully applied in lexicon extraction. However, most previous methods are limited to document-aligned data. In this paper, we try to address two challenges of applying topic models to lexicon extraction in non-parallel data: 1) hard to model the word relationship and 2) noisy seed dictionary. To solve these two challenges, we propose two new bilingual topic models to better capture the semantic information of each word while discriminating the multiple translations in a noisy seed dictionary. We extend the scope of topic models by inverting the roles of "word" and "document". In addition, to solve the problem of noise in seed dictionary, we incorporate the probability of translation selection in our models. Moreover, we also propose an effective measure to evaluate the similarity of words in different languages and select the optimal translation pairs. Experimental results using real world data demonstrate the utility and efficacy of the proposed models.
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