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Journal articles on the topic 'Non welfarism'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Ng, Yew-Kwang. "Welfarism and Utilitarianism: A Rehabilitation." Utilitas 2, no. 2 (November 1990): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800000650.

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Utilitarianism seems to be going out of fashion, amidst increasing concerns for issues of freedom, equality, and justice. At least, anti-utilitarian and non-utilitarian moral philosophers have been very active. This paper is a very modest attempt to defend utilitarianism in particular and welfarism (i.e., general utilitarianism or utilitarianism without the sum-ranking aspect) in general. Section I provides an axiomatic defence of welfarism and utilitarianism. Section II discusses the divergences between individual preferences and individual welfares and argues in favour of welfare utilitarianism. Section III criticizes some non-utilitarian principles, including knowledge as intrinsically good, rights-based ethics, and Rawls's second principle. Section IV argues that most objections to welfarism are probably based on the confusion of non-ultimate considerations with basic values. This is discussed with reference to some recent philosophical writings which abound with such confusion. Section V argues that the acceptance of utilitarianism may be facilitated by the distinction between ideal morality and self-interest which also resolves the dilemma of average versus total utility maximization in optimal population theory.

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2

Baujard, Antoinette. "A return to Bentham'sfelicific calculus: From moral welfarism to technical non-welfarism." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 16, no. 3 (August 25, 2009): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672560903101294.

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3

Ravichandran, N. "Regulatory Challenges and Non-profit Welfarism." Journal of Health Management 8, no. 2 (October 2006): 261–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340600800207.

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4

Haaga, Paul T., and Michael Sunday Sasa. "A Philosophical Reflection on the Nature and Relevance of Azikiwe’s Political Ideology of Neo-Welfarism." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.81.

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This paper attempts a reflection on the nature and relevance of Azikiwe’s Political philosophy of Neo-Welfarism. Neo-welfarism as a political ideology was advanced by Azikiwe as his contribution to the search for ideology in the aftermath of colonialism. With Neo-Welfarism, Azikiwe sought to advance a philosophy for colonial emancipation and the decolonization of Africa. At the background of this ideology is his dissatisfaction with the dominant ideologies of the era being capitalism, socialism and welfarism. This dissatisfaction triggered an attempt to formulate a via media that takes into cognizance, the 'good' aspects of these ideologies through the method of eclectic pragmatism for the greatest good of the greatest number. This paper found out that one of the main objectives of Neo-welfarism is to build a system that works to the advantage of many rather than one that speculates and works to the disadvantages of many. This paper also found out that Neo-welfarism as a political ideology is not without flaws; this is because the workability of such a via media has been called to question among other issues that are at the kernel of this ideology. The conclusion that is however reached in this paper is in two folds: one, the articulation of neo-welfarism at the time when there was an apparent search for ideology for the decolonization of Africa is both timely and laudable. Two, the non-implementation of neo-welfarism after several decades of its advancement notwithstanding, it is yet relevant in the sustained need to deepen democracy and search for an operational ideology for African's development even today.

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5

Dobuzinskis, Laurent. "Non-welfarism Avant la Lettre: Alfred Fouillée's political economy of justice." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 17, no. 4 (August 4, 2010): 837–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672567.2010.482998.

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6

RIVERA-LÓPEZ, EDUARDO. "ARE MENTAL STATE WELFARISM AND OUR CONCERN FOR NON-EXPERIENTIAL GOALS INCOMPATIBLE?" Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 88, no. 1 (March 2007): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.2007.00281.x.

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7

Gharbi, Jean-Sébastien, and Yves Meinard. "On the meaning of non-welfarism in Kolm’s ELIE model of income redistribution." Journal of Economic Methodology 22, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350178x.2015.1071504.

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8

Shadare, Gbenga Akinlolu. "The Governance of Nigeria’s Social Protection: The Burdens of Developmental Welfarism?" Societies 12, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12010020.

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Empirical findings on the implementation of neoliberal social policies in the global south has presented them as mostly political economy failures. In several studies, their messy interactions with politics and a myriad of implementation bottlenecks were highlighted. Social protection and social programmes, as an example of social policies have unfortunately become politicised used as instruments by political leaders striving to win political capital in environments of unbridled, and complex bureaucratic procedures. This article analyses challenges of social development or ‘developmental welfarism’ in the Nigerian context through interrogation of the territorial governance of Nigerian social protection. The issues addressed by this article relates to the orientation of Nigerian social policy dynamics and the exploration of these challenges, were described as the ‘burdens of developmental welfarism’ which relates to the broader issues of the so-called Nigerian ‘developmental’ state. The analysis of Nigerian social policy dynamics through a political economy lens, highlighted the ramifications of the complex interactions of different stakeholders (international, local and non-state actors) as well as processes and mechanisms that shaped the territorial governance of Nigerian social policy programmes. The article unpacked the issues and challenges of Nigerian social protection and offered some policy recommendations for ‘unburdening’ Nigerian social policy.

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9

Weinzierl, Matthew. "Welfarism's Envy Problem Extends to Popular Judgments." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 1, 2018): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181001.

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Economists use a welfarist approach to policy evaluation, but doing so can lead to recommendations that violate seemingly wise non-welfarist principles. I explore one example: the proper tax policy response to envy. Using a novel survey, I find that a majority of US respondents are skeptical of envy-based redistribution, even if they are told that its direct effect is to increase welfare. This skepticism is consistent with a long history of judgments by economists, including leading welfarists. Such conflicts between direct welfarist analysis and prevailing normative principles challenge economists to consider modifying our dominant method of policy evaluation.

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10

Barry, Norman. "SOME FEASIBLE ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL CAPITALISM." Social Philosophy and Policy 20, no. 1 (December 18, 2002): 178–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052503201084.

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The collapse of Communism and the retreat from, in theory as well as practice, even moderate forms of collectivism have left even the non-Marxist forms of socialism in disarray. While it is true that forms of collectivism have remarketed themselves under meretricious, insubstantial doctrinal headings such as the “Third Way,” an unstable amalgam of capitalism, communitarianism, and welfarism, there has been little original work on how an economy and society might organize itself so as to have neither the superficially objectionable features of modern capitalism nor the economically untenable and morally odious properties of full-blooded socialism. The former might include vast inequality in resource ownership, the unequal political power such inequality might generate, the increasing alienation produced by the soulless possessive individualism that is allegedly engulfing the world, and a myriad of other complaints that are regularly leveled at capitalism.

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11

Carrington, Kerry. "Punitiveness and the Criminalisation of the Other: State Wards, Unlawful Non-citizens and Indigenous Youth." Somatechnics 1, no. 1 (March 2011): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2011.0004.

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This paper explores the genealogies of bio-power that cut across punitive state interventions aimed at regulating or normalising several distinctive ‘problem’ or ‘suspect’ deviant populations, such as state wards, non-lawful citizens and Indigenous youth. It begins by making some general comments about the theoretical approach to bio-power taken in this paper. It then outlines the distinctive features of bio-power in Australia and how these intersected with the emergence of penal welfarism to govern the unruly, unchaste, unlawful, and the primitive. The paper draws on three examples to illustrate the argument – the gargantuan criminalisation rates of Aboriginal youth, the history of incarcerating state wards in state institutions, and the mandatory detention of unlawful non-citizens and their children. The construction of Indigenous people as a dangerous presence, alongside the construction of the unruly neglected children of the colony — the larrikin descendants of convicts as necessitating special regimes of internal controls and institutions, found a counterpart in the racial and other exclusionary criteria operating through immigration controls for much of the twentieth century. In each case the problem child or population was expelled from the social body through forms of bio-power, rationalised as strengthening, protecting or purifying the Australian population.

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12

Dhaygude, Mrunal Sanjay, Naitik D. Lapsiya, and Dipanjan Chakraborty. "There is No App for That: Manifestations of the Digital Divides During COVID-19 School Closures in India." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555140.

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The COVID-19 induced lockdowns forced people to shift several activities, including education, online. However, in the context of online schooling, the Digital Divides have magnified and perpetuated existing inequities in the education system and in society. Through a qualitative study with 48 participants across four stakeholder groups we find that students in under-funded government schools in India largely have not been able to access online classes because of a lack of devices, poor quality of Internet access, unreliable data networks and expensive data plans. We also document attempts by teachers and non-profit workers to use mass media broadcast technologies to work around the issue of digital access, highlighting the importance of a human infrastructure to build resilience during a disruptive event. Socioeconomic factors have also forced several students to drop out of schools and into taking up jobs to support their families. We document the importance of enabling environments and economic safety nets at home for online education to succeed. We present some focus points for researchers and policy makers working in the space of digital divide and education to build more resilient systems through Digital Welfarism.

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13

Habiyaremye, Alexis. "Optimal Patent Protection Length for Vital Pharmaceuticals in the Age of COVID-19." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2022): 9799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169799.

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The highly unequal access to COVID-19 vaccines observed at a critical moment of the pandemic coupled with the considerable profits cashed by the main vaccine producers have brought the debates on patent protection back into sharp focus. The trade-off between the need to encourage innovation through patent protection and the right of populations across the world to access life-saving pharmaceutical products raises important concerns that go beyond innovation stimulation. This paper leans on the inclusion of non-economic considerations based on social identity theory in optimization strategies to analyze the arguments underlying the patent length in the pharmaceutical industry and questions the measurement of social benefits of innovation in the Nordhaus’s model in its applicability to the case of vital pharmaceuticals. It proposes some new considerations akin to extra welfarism in the microeconomic analysis of the social welfare underlying traditional arguments in support of long patent protection periods. Simplified comparative statics are employed to show that, from the social welfare point of view, an incentive system in which a reward equivalent to the discounted profits is remitted to the innovator yields higher social welfare than monopoly protection without diminishing the incentive to innovate. These results suggest that in the case of vital medicines such as vaccines and antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS treatment, social welfare is maximized by imposing compulsory licensing and making treatment accessible to all (potentially) infected citizens.

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14

Volacu, Alexandru, and Iris-Patricia Golopenta. "A Boundedly Rational Analysis of Global Distributive Justice." Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science 20 (June 29, 2013): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22151/politikon.20.9.

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In the present paper we analyze two prominent global distributive justice theories, i.e. Pogge’s Global Resource Dividend theory (1994) and Dorsey’s maxificing welfarism (2005) under an assumption of bounded rationality. We consider that the agencies responsible for distributing resources are informationally constrained in regard to the assessment of economic positions in society and cognitively constrained in regard to the decision making process within the agency. We argue that under these conditions the distributive patterns prescribed by both theories can be severely distorted. Further, in Dorsey’s case bounded rationality can even lead to a complete failure of the theory, since not only are the resulting distributions sub-optimal if we introduce the possibility for a single mistake in the identification process, but they can also be completely redundant by prescribing distributions which are not capable of lifting a single citizen to the minimum level required for the fulfillment of basic needs. We further show that for both theories the identification problem becomes more severe and that the agencies are more susceptible to make mistakes in circumstances of extreme poverty, i.e. the circumstances primarily targeted by the theories. Aside from this main result, we also obtain three secondary results: 1. we extend the ongoing debates in political philosophy between ideal and non-ideal theories and in particular between fact-insensitivity and fact-sensitivity, 2. we provide a preliminary defense of a proportional distributive principle for global justice and 3. we provide a new starting point for the construction of arguments regarding the nature of the agency (e.g. global government, national governments, UN institutions, international NGOs) entitled to distribute resources in global justice theories.

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15

Pestieau, Pierre, and María Racionero. "Optimal redistribution with unobservable disability: Welfarist versus non-welfarist social objectives." European Economic Review 53, no. 6 (August 2009): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.12.002.

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16

Katsoulacos, Yannis. "On the concepts of legal standards and substantive standards (and how the latter influences the choice of the former)." Journal of Antitrust Enforcement 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaenfo/jnz011.

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Abstract The substantial literature on the optimal choice of legal standards (LSs) in Competition Law enforcement concentrates on the factors that influence this choice given the Substantive (or Liability) Standard adopted by courts and competition authorities (CAs). Generally, this literature assumes that the substantive standard (SS) is welfarist. However, in reality, courts and CAs in different countries and over time use different criteria for establishing liability and, very often, these criteria are not welfarist. This article’s main objective is to clarify the relationship between legal and SSs and show the important influence of the latter on the choice of the former: our analysis shows that while efects-based LSs are compatible with non-welfarist SSs, under the latter courts and CAs will be much more likely to use Per Se LSs. This occurs as under non-welfarist SSs the strength of the presumption of illegality will be higher. This influence may be considered as being mainly responsible for differences in the LSs adopted in European Union and in North America (USA and Canada) or UK, especially in relation to abuse of dominance cases.

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17

Aronsson, Thomas, and Olof Johansson-Stenman. "Paternalism against Veblen: Optimal Taxation and Non-respected Preferences for Social Comparisons." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150369.

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This paper compares optimal nonlinear income tax policies of welfarist and paternalist governments, where the latter does not respect individual preferences regarding relative consumption. Consistent with previous findings, relative consumption concerns typically induce a welfarist government to increase the marginal tax rates to internalize positional externalities. Remarkably, the optimal marginal tax rules are often very similar in the paternalist case, where such externalities are not taken into account. We identify several cases where the marginal tax rules are indeed identical between the governments. Numerical simulations show that marginal and average tax levels and the overall redistribution are often also similar. (JEL D62, D72, H21, H23, H24)

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18

Kanbur, Ravi, Jukka Pirttilä, and Matti Tuomala. "NON-WELFARIST OPTIMAL TAXATION AND BEHAVIOURAL PUBLIC ECONOMICS." Journal of Economic Surveys 20, no. 5 (December 2006): 849–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2006.00268.x.

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19

Smith, Michael. "DEONTOLOGICAL MORAL OBLIGATIONS AND NON-WELFARIST AGENT-RELATIVE VALUES." Ratio 24, no. 4 (November 9, 2011): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2011.00506.x.

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20

Bernstein, Alyssa R. "Climate Change and Justice: A Non-Welfarist Treaty Negotiation Framework." Ethics, Policy & Environment 18, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2015.1070519.

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21

Bleichrodt, Han, and John Quiggin. "Capabilities as menus: A non-welfarist basis for QALY evaluation." Journal of Health Economics 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.10.004.

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22

Adler, Matthew D. "Well-Being Thresholds and Moral Priority." Journal of Moral Philosophy 12, no. 6 (November 5, 2015): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-01206001.

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A welfarist basic minimum is a level of well-being which is the threshold for minimally adequate lives and which serves, in some sense, as a line of moral priority. In his ambitious and philosophically sophisticated book, Dale Dorsey takes on the task of specifying a welfarist basic minimum. His account revolves around the concept of a “project”: a long-term preference that determines the subject’s actions and decisions and provides narrative unity to her life. Dorsey argues that the welfarist basic minimum is a life whose subject achieves at least one valued project. In this review essay, I present three objections to Dorsey’s views. First, his distinction between projects and other preferences is unclear, and his treatment of the problem of adaptive valuations inadequate. Second, it is very implausible that every life with at least one valued project is better than every life with none. Finally, Dorsey’s specific account of moral priority yields the Nauseating Implication (my term) that giving a single below-threshold person a single valued project morally justifies depriving an indefinite number of worse-off individuals of all their non-project goods.

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23

Kaplow, Louis, and Steven Shavell. "Any Non‐welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle." Journal of Political Economy 109, no. 2 (April 2001): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/319553.

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24

Kapeliushnikov, R. "Behavioral Economics and New Paternalism (Part II)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2013): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-10-28-46.

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The paper provides a critical appraisal of the normative program of behavioral economics known as new paternalism. Part II of the paper discusses main empirical and conceptual drawbacks of this approach and provides arguments for the alternative non-welfarist normative tradition based on the idea of freedom.

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25

Kaplow, Louis, and Steven Shavell. "Any Non‐welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: Reply." Journal of Political Economy 112, no. 1 (February 2004): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/381865.

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26

Fleurbaey, Marc, Bertil Tungodden, and Howard F. Chang. "Any Non‐welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: A Comment." Journal of Political Economy 111, no. 6 (December 2003): 1382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378533.

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27

Fleurbaey, Marc. "L'absence d'envie dans une problématique «post-welfariste»." Recherches économiques de Louvain 60, no. 1 (March 1994): 9–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800007806.

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RésuméLe critère d'absence d'envie dérivait traditionnellement sa pertinence de la difficulté d'égaliser le bien-être des individus dans un cadre purement ordinal. Les développements récents des théories de l'égalité (Rawls, Dworkin, Sen, etc.), conduisant à préconiser l'égalité des ressources ou des chances, et non du bien-être, mettent en lumière la véritable signification du critère d'absence d'envie et lui confèrent une valeur nouvelle. Cet article introduit à cette problématique «post-welfariste», et en propose une formalisation qui fait apparaître certains arbitrages entre le possible et le souhaitable.

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28

Gamel, Claude. "De I’utilité de I’absence d'envie dans une approche «welfariste» de la justice." Recherches économiques de Louvain 60, no. 1 (March 1994): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800007831.

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RésuméDans une approche «welfariste» conforme à la tradition utilitariste de l'économie normative, le critère de la non-envie permet de dépasser la controverse de fond entre «ancienne» et «nouvelle» économie du bien-être, à partir de la notion de comparaisons «intrapersonnelles» d'utilité. La théorie économique progresse ainsi vers le coeur de la problématique de la justice sociale, en particulier sur le contenu à donner à l'idée d'égalité des chances. En demandant seulement à chacun de se mettre à la «place» d'autrui sans se mettre dans sa «peau», la théorie de la non-envie atteint toutefois ses limites sur le plan éthique, par comparaison avec la notion de «justice procédurale parfaite» explorée par la philosophie sociale contemporaine.

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29

Howell, Jude. "NGOs and Civil Society: The Politics of Crafting a Civic Welfare Infrastructure in the Hu–Wen Period." China Quarterly 237 (November 27, 2018): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741018001236.

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AbstractSince 2015 rights-based NGOs, lawyers, feminists and journalists have endured the most stringent crackdown since 1989. Simultaneously the Xi Li administration has pushed forward a series of laws, policies and regulatory changes to enable service-oriented NGOs to apply for government contracts to provide welfare services. This seemingly Janus-like policy of welfarist incorporation can be traced back to the Hu–Wen period, often described as a lacklustre period, despite significant efforts to tackle issues of poverty and inequality. This article argues for a more balanced appraisal of this period by exploring in depth the complex politics underpinning efforts to pluralize welfare provision by involving service-oriented NGOs. It explores three sets of politics influencing this policy process: inter-institutional politics; state/non-state actor politics; and domestic/external politics. Furthermore, it considers processes of gradual institutional change adopted by key political actors to achieve these ends.

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30

DEBAERE, PETER. "Small fish–big issues: the effect of trade policy on the global shrimp market." World Trade Review 9, no. 2 (April 2010): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474561000011x.

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AbstractIt is a well-established theoretical result that the trade policy of a large country can directly affect its own and other countries' welfares by affecting international goods' prices. However, there exist very few empirical studies that analyze the effect of trade policy on international prices. With detailed data on unit values and tariffs, I show how policy actions in Europe disrupted the global shrimp market in a non-negligible way and set the stage for the anti-dumping case in the United States. The loss of Thailand's preferential trade status in Europe and the international differences in food-safety standards during the antibiotics crisis shifted especially Thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese shrimp exports away from Europe toward the United States in the late 1990s and early 2000s. I document how those shifting markets have decreased US prices for shrimp significantly compared to those in Europe.

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31

Ghose, Biswajit, S. Joplinshisha Paliar, and Liha Mena. "Does Legal Status Affect Performance of Microfinance Institutions?: Empirical Evidence from India." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918786104.

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Transformation of non-government organizations (NGOs) to shareholder-owned microfinance institutions (MFIs) is an on-going debate in the field of microfinance research. Institutionalists support the transformation, whereas welfarists argue that NGOs are better conduits in serving poor clients. Prior studies on the impact of legal status of MFIs on their performance document mixed results. This study empirically investigates the extent to which the transformation is justified by examining the impact of legal status on the performance of MFIs in India. Using both univariate ( t-test and rank-sum test) and multivariate (random effect model) regression analysis on a dataset of 57 MFIs over the period of six years from 2008–2009 to 2013–2014, the study finds that the NGOs have better financial and sustainability performance than non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), but with respect to social performance both are indistinguishable. Further, the former has lesser costs of operation and better portfolio quality than the latter. Therefore, NGOs outperform NBFCs with respect to all dimensions of performance except for social performance where both are equally efficient. In conclusion, the transformation of NGOs to NBFCs may not improve the performance of Indian MFIs. These findings are expected to have substantial practical implications for managers of MFIs and for policymakers in framing policies for Indian MFIs.

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32

Hughes, Neil. "Exploring vegan ideology through graffiti slogans." Discourse & Society 32, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 575–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09579265211013114.

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This article is a study of a sample of eighteen animal rights graffiti slogans that were chalked on the walls of a tunnel known as Potterow Port near the main University of Edinburgh campus, in Scotland, in February 2020. The purpose of the article is to interrogate the implicit ideological commitments underpinning the graffiti slogans, the rhetorical aims of their authors and the linguistic devices and structures they used to achieve their goals. These three dimensions of the slogans are analysed using an inter-disciplinary framework inspired by work on discourse and ideology, recent studies of graffiti slogans in protest contexts and important contributions to the animal rights canon. Regarding the ideological underpinnings of the slogans, the study reveals four core concepts that it argues are central to contemporary vegan thought: the speciesist relationship between human and non-human animals; species egalitarianism; the vegan imperative; and a commitment to non-violent direct action. In addition to these core beliefs, it detects the presence in the slogans of adherence to adjacent values and ideals such as love, compassion and respect for life, attempts to thicken vegan ideology by reaching out to environmentalism and the peace movement and tension around the moral basis for adopting vegan practices. The interconnected conceptual map that lies at the heart of contemporary veganism has emerged, it argues, in response to ‘dislocations’ in human/animal relations and within the animal advocacy movement, between advocates of a welfarist response to animal exploitation and those such as the authors of the graffiti slogans committed to a more radical, vegan inspired solution to animal oppression.

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33

Bertuzzi, Niccolò. "Contemporary animal advocacy in Italy." Modern Italy 24, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2018.21.

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In spite of the great tradition in social movement studies, Italy completely lacks any contribution regarding animal advocacy from the point of view of political sociology. This is despite the fact that, as in the rest of Western societies, interest in the wellbeing, rights and status of non-human animals is growing. This can be seen both among the general population and in the very varied organised forms of welfare and activism. In this article, we will investigate this internal differentiation, starting from an initial stratification in welfare, protectionism and anti-speciesism, and focusing in particular on the following two aspects: ethical values; and political ‘careers’ and multi-membership affiliations. The investigation was accomplished by means of 20 semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire answered by 704 volunteers and activists. The tripartition hypothesised was confirmed, although with a few exceptions: more progressive values emerged among anti-speciesists, and conservative positions among protectionists and welfarists, but the overall spectrum is characterised by utilitarian perspectives. Similarly, previous experience in the specific field of animal advocacy is typical of the protectionist area, while anti-speciesists also come from other opposition movements.

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34

Nderitu, Patrick Chege, and Simon Wagura Ndiritu. "Effects of mergers on processed milk market in Kenya." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 480–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-04-2016-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of the mergers and acquisitions on market prices, consumer welfare and aggregate profit of the merging firms and those of the non-merging firms and, therefore, answer the question on the overall effect of mergers and acquisitions on different performance measures on milk market using data from all the 34 licensed and active milk processors in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach A new model of analysis as developed from the Canadian Competition Policy maker, i.e. The Canadian Competition Policy merger simulation model, was used. Findings The study found that mergers and acquisitions lead to increase in market shares of the merging firms. The study also found that mergers and acquisitions have a significant effect on product price in the processed milk market. From the findings, the study concludes that mergers and acquisition not only lead to an increase in market shares of both merging and non-merging processed milk firms but also create market dominance due to reduction in the number of market players in the industry. Research limitations/implications The study uses the data for the licensed and active milk processors in the industry. The dormant and the non-licensed processors are excluded. Future studies can use the farm-gate prices as opposed to final consumer prices for the processed milk market. Originality/value The study contributes toward providing information on the effect of buyouts on social welfares, prices, market share, profitability and other relevant market equilibrium performance measures in the processed milk market in Kenya.

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Lazare, Jodi. "After the Berger Blanc: A Comparative Approach to the Utilitarian Regulation of Municipal Animal Control." Revue générale de droit 43, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 131–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1020841ar.

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In April 2011, Radio-Canada aired an investigative report exposing the cruel treatment of domestic animals by workers at one of Montreal’s largest animal shelters. A private business, the Berger Blanc held the majority of municipal contracts for animal control services throughout Montreal. Following the widely-watched exposé, the regulation of domestic animal welfare rose to the top of the agenda both at Montreal’s City Hall and Quebec’s National Assembly, as citizens demanded a response to the jarring images of cruelty and neglect. The province responded, adopting a regulation to strengthen the legal protection of dogs and cats under Quebec’s Animal Health Protection Act— a regulation which has been criticized as ineffective and inadequate by animal welfare groups throughout the province. Similarly, Montreal’s City Hall announced steps to launch a municipal animal control service. And yet, progress is slow and many Montreal boroughs continue to renew their contracts with the Berger Blanc. This paper will review the theoretical, political and legal context surrounding the issue of domestic animals, and employ an animal welfarist (utilitarian) approach to examine the three traditional municipal animal control service models, namely the private for-profit model, the private non-profit model and the public model. In doing so, the paper will suggest that despite the municipal government’s stated financial priorities, the only solution to Montreal’s domestic animal situation—one which properly takes the equal interests of domestic animals into account—lies in a publicly-funded, municipally-run animal services department, similar to the model currently employed by the City of Calgary.

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Adamczyk, Krzysztof. "Dairy cattle welfare as a result of human-animal relationship – a review." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 601–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2018-0013.

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Abstract Despite the various concepts of human-animal relationship, the welfarist approach to this problem is one of the most often considered in theory and used in practice. When dealing with issues related to dairy cattle welfare (DCW), it is necessary to take into account both the reality characteristic for animals used to obtain milk (e.g. the problem of automatic milking of cows) and for slaughter cattle (e.g. slaughter of culled animals). It is not surprising, therefore, that issues related to DCW are the focus of the attention of the public, researchers, breeders as well as the dairy and meat industries. The aim of this article was to possibly most comprehensively cover the above-mentioned issues, although due to its huge scope it was obviously necessary to limit the article to what I think are currently most important issues. That is why in the review I (1) characterized the issues related to the division of human responsibility for DCW; (2) discussed the importance of technology to human-animal relationship; (3) elaborated the matter of stress, emotionality of animals and their cognitive abilities in the aspect of “negative” and “positive” DCW; (4) considered the possibilities of non-invasive assessment of animal welfare in the future and (5) discussed topics related to improving the conditions of the slaughter of animals. In summary, it was proposed paying more attention than has been paid until now, to the assessment of positive DCW in scientific research and breeding practice. I also drew attention to the necessity of reliable information flow on the line of the breeder/milk producer - industry - consumer, as negligence in this area is one of the reasons for public disinformation regarding the level of animal welfare.

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Aronsson, Thomas, Sugata Ghosh, and Ronald Wendner. "Positional preferences and efficiency in a dynamic economy." Social Choice and Welfare, February 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-022-01447-x.

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AbstractIn an endogenous growth model, we characterize the conditions under which positional preferences for consumption and wealth do not cause inefficiency and derive an optimal tax policy response in cases where these conditions are not satisfied. The concerns for relative consumption and relative wealth partly emanate from social comparisons with people in other countries. We distinguish between a (conventional) welfarist government and a non-welfarist government that does not attach any social value to relative concerns. We also compare the outcome of Nash-competition among local/national governments with the resource allocation implied by a global social optimum both under welfarism and non-welfarism.

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Seixas, Brayan Viegas. "Welfarism and extra-welfarism: a critical overview." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 33, no. 8 (August 21, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00014317.

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Abstract: Rules and principles for guiding decision-making in the health care sector have been debated for decades. Here, we present a critical appraisal of the two most important paradigms in this respect: welfarism and extra-welfarism. While the former deals with the maximization of the overall sum of individual utilities as its primary outcome, the latter has been focusing on the maximization of the overall health status. We argue that welfarism has three main problems: (1) its central idea of overall sum of individual utilities does not capture societal values decisively relevant in the context of health; (2) the use of the Potential Pareto Improvement brings an unresolvable separation between efficiency and equity; and (3) individual utility may not be a good measure in the health sector, given that individuals might value things that diminish their overall health. In turn, the extra-welfarist approach is criticized regarding four main limitations: (1) the advocated expansion of the evaluative space, moving from utility to health, may have represented in reality a narrowing of it; (2) it operates using non-explicit considerations of equity; (3) it still holds the issue of “inability to desire” of unprivileged people being considered the best judges of weighing the criteria used to building the health measures; and (4) there is controversial empirical evidence about society members’ values that support its assumptions. Overall, both paradigms show significant weaknesses, but the debate has still been within the realm of welfare economics, and even the new approaches to resource allocation in health care systems appear to be unable to escape from these boundaries.

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Aronsson, Thomas, Olof Johansson‐Stenman, and Ronald Wendner. "Charity, Status, and Optimal Taxation: Welfarist and Non-Welfarist Approaches." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3869043.

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Pestieau, Pierre, and Maria del Mar Racionero Llorente. "Optimal Redistribution with Unobservable Disability: Welfarist Versus Non-Welfarist Social Objectives." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1006817.

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Chang, Howard F. "Non-Welfarist Paretian Methods of Policy Assessment." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.288085.

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Pirttila, Jukka, Ravi Kanbur, and Matti Tuomala. "Non-Welfarist Optimal Taxation and Behavioral Public Economics." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.608981.

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Kaplow, Louis, and Steven Shavell. "Any Non-Welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: Reply." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.500142.

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An, Zhiyong. "Any Non-Welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: A Counter Example." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3736104.

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An, Zhiyong. "Any Non-welfarist Method of Policy Assessment Violates the Pareto Principle: A Counter Example." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3900131.

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Gourevitch, Alex. "The Limits of a Basic Income: Means and Ends of Workplace Democracy." Basic Income Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bis-2016-0008.

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AbstractA democratic economy matters for different reasons, depending on why we are concerned about authoritarian workplaces. Authoritarian work conditions violate overlap but distinct values, related to democratic government, meaningful work, non-domination, exploitation, and the quality of leisure time. To the degree that democratizing work is supposed to advance these values, a basic income is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition for eliminating authoritarian work conditions. It might, in some conditions, reduce some of the worst aspects of our current workplace relationships. But, by the same token, it might exacerbate them, especially if a basic income becomes a substitute for collective self-organization by workers. In nearly every case, the value that we seek to advance and the kind of democratized economy we might wish to have is better created and maintained by concerted class power than by welfarist social policies, like a basic income.

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Huston, Patrick L. "Quality Assurance & Residue Avoidance in Midwest Feedlots." American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings, September 13, 1990, 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/aabppro19906811.

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Feedlot Drug Testing-Challenge of the 90's - Residues of drugs in food producing animals is presently one of the greatest challenges facing the cattle industry. While assessing the actual issue of drug residues as needs arise, a still larger task of addressing the perceived need of the consumer, as media misconception, and purposeful negativity by animal welfarists (of which the veterinary profession is an active part). Thus the ultimate goal of the beef industry, therefore, must be to make quality assurance & beef safety a "non-issue" by generating a positive image & maintaining consumer confidence. In recent years the beef industry has generally been both aided & damaged by developments both internationally and at home.

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"Rearing pheasants for shoots." Animal Welfare 3, no. 3 (August 1994): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016924.

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The rearing of pheasants for release and the subsequent shooting of them for sport has been much criticized by animal welfarists. Many of the arguments, however, have been made without the non-specialist critics knowing much about the practicalities of the operation. A short booklet published by the Farm Animal Welfare Network (FAWN) - an organization originally set up as Chickens’ Lib - will largely fill this information gap. The publication briefly covers such matters as the number of birds reared to be shot; the method of rearing; the use of ‘bits’ and ‘spectacles’ to control aggression; the health of the birds, and their legal protection. It will be argued by some that the material in this FAWN document is presented in a somewhat one-sided manner but, at least, the booklet does bring many of the practicalities of rearing pheasants for shooting out into the open.

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Milburn, Josh, and Christopher Bobier. "New Omnivorism: a Novel Approach to Food and Animal Ethics." Food Ethics 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41055-022-00098-z.

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AbstractNew omnivorism is a term coined by Andy Lamey to refer to arguments that – paradoxically – our duties towards animals require us to eat some animal products. Lamey’s claim to have identified a new, distinctive position in food ethics is problematic, however, for some of his interlocutors are not new (e.g., Leslie Stephen in the nineteenth century), not distinctive (e.g., animal welfarists), and not obviously concerned with eating animals (e.g., plant neurobiologists). It is the aim of this paper to bolster Lamey’s argument that he has identified a novel, unified, and intriguing position (or set of positions) in animal ethics and the philosophy of food. We distinguish new omnivorism from four other non-vegan positions and then differentiate three versions of new omnivorism based on the kinds of animal products they propose we consume. We conclude by exploring a range of argumentative strategies that could be deployed in response to the new omnivore.

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Morreale, Paola. "Distributive Justice and Animal Welfare." Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism 9, no. 1-2 (February 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rela-2021-0102-morr.

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Besides the focus on the various approaches developed until now within animal ethics, perhaps it would be interesting to consider also what ethical theories have ruled out any moral concern for the interests of non-human beings. This article aims to rise some questions about the exclusion of (sentient) animals in the philosophical debates on distributive justice. The introduction briefly provides an overview on the current debate on distributive justice. The author focuses on those theories that adopt welfare as the currency of distribution (so-called “welfare ethics”), underlining how there seem to be a contradiction between the theory of value they rely on and their approach, exclusively focused on humans. The essay analyses the main issues related to the inclusion of animals in welfare ethics, i.e. (a) the alleged incommensurability between human and animal welfare, and (b) the “problematic conclusion”. The paper sketches a hypothesis of research to solve the “inter-species wellbeing comparisons” issue by proposing a model based on species-typical potentialities. Then, it tries to address the problem of demandingness by suggesting a sympathy-based foundation of welfare ethics. The last section singles out the moral issue of laboratory animals as an appropriate field of application for a welfarist approach.

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