Academic literature on the topic 'Non-verbal sentences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-verbal sentences"
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El Bouzaïdi Tiali, Samuel, Elsa Spinelli, Fanny Meunier, Richard Palluel-Germain, and Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti. "Influence of homophone processing during auditory language comprehension on executive control processes: A dual-task paradigm." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): e0254237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254237.
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In the present preregistered study, we evaluated the possibility of a shared cognitive mechanism during verbal and non-verbal tasks and therefore the implication of domain-general cognitive control during language comprehension. We hypothesized that a behavioral cost will be observed during a dual-task including both verbal and non-verbal difficult processing. Specifically, to test this claim, we designed a dual-task paradigm involving: an auditory language comprehension task (sentence comprehension) and a non-verbal Flanker task (including congruent and incongruent trials). We manipulated sentence ambiguity and evaluated if the ambiguity effect modified behavioral performances in the non-verbal Flanker task. Under the assumption that ambiguous sentences induce a more difficult process than unambiguous sentences, we expected non-verbal flanker task performances to be impaired only when a simultaneous difficult language processing is performed. This would be specifically reflected by a performance cost during incongruent Flanker items only during ambiguous sentence presentation. Conversely, we observed a facilitatory effect for the incongruent Flanker items during ambiguous sentence suggesting better non-verbal inhibitory performances when an ambiguous sentence was simultaneously processed. Exploratory data analysis suggests that this effect is not only related to a more difficult language processing but also to the previous (n-1) Flanker item. Indeed, results showed that incongruent n-1 Flanker items led to a facilitation of the incongruent synchronized Flanker items only when ambiguous sentences were conjointly presented. This result, even if it needs to be corroborated in future studies, suggests that the recruitment of executive control mechanisms facilitates subsequent executive control implication during difficult language processing. The present study suggests a common executive control mechanism during difficult verbal and non-verbal tasks.
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Stella, Marianna, and Paul E. Engelhardt. "Use of Parsing Heuristics in the Comprehension of Passive Sentences: Evidence from Dyslexia and Individual Differences." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020209.
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This study examined the comprehension of passive sentences in order to investigate whether individuals with dyslexia rely on parsing heuristics in language comprehension to a greater extent than non-dyslexic readers. One hundred adults (50 dyslexics and 50 controls) read active and passive sentences, and we also manipulated semantic plausibility. Eye movements were monitored, while participants read each sentence, and afterwards, participants answered a comprehension question. We also assessed verbal intelligence and working memory in all participants. Results showed dyslexia status interacted with sentence structure and plausibility, such that participants with dyslexia showed significantly more comprehension errors with passive and implausible sentence. With respect to verbal intelligence and working memory, we found that individuals with lower verbal intelligence were overall more likely to make comprehension errors, and individuals with lower working memory showed particular difficulties with passive and implausible sentences. For reading times, we found that individuals with dyslexia were overall slower readers. These findings suggest that (1) individuals with dyslexia do rely on heuristics to a greater extent than do non-dyslexic individuals, and (2) individual differences variables (e.g., verbal intelligence and working memory) are also related to the use of parsing heuristics. For the latter, lower ability individuals tended to be more consistent with heuristic processing (i.e., good-enough representations).
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Cedden, Gülay, and Özgür Aydın. "Do non-native languages have an effect on word order processing in first language Turkish?" International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917703454.
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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Existing studies on sentence processing in bi-/multilinguals are typically centred on the first language (L1) influence on second language sentence processing. However, there is almost no evidence of influence in the other direction. The aim of this study is to find out whether being mono-, bi-, tri- or plurilingual has an effect on reading times (RTs) in the native language. To this end, Turkish native speakers’ RTs are measured when processing Turkish canonical subject–object–verb sentences, subject–verb–object (SVO) sentences where constituents move to post-verbal positions and SVO– ki sentences where post-verbal constituents are base generated. Design/Methodology/Approach: A non-cumulative self-paced reading task is used in order to measure the RTs of a sentence. The area of interest contains (i) the critical verb, (ii) the verb of the complement clause and (iii) the argument or adjunct of the complement clause (32 sentences + 12 filler sentences). All elements are matched according to their frequency of occurrence and their syllable structure. Data and Analysis: Analyses of variance are performed on RTs of the area of interest. Findings/Conclusions: One of the main findings in this study is that all three sentence types are processed significantly slower by the monolingual group than by the bi- and multilingual groups. We infer that non-native languages have a positive effect on processing the word order in the L1, which might lead to a faster processing in the three sentence types. The findings are discussed in terms of working memory and the “gap-driven strategy”. Originality and Significance/Implications: The results are interpreted from psycholinguistic and syntactic points of view.
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Novita, Haeriyah. "PEMEROLEHAN KALIMAT BAHASA INDONESIA ANAK USIA LIMA TAHUN (THE ACQUISITION OF INDONESIAN SENTENCE CHILDREN AGED FIVE YEARS)." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v8i2.5510.
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AbstractAcquisition is a process of mastery of language done by children naturally when he learned the firstlanguage or his mother tongue. In this case, there are two processes that occur in it, namely the acquisitionof language and language learning. Thus, language acquisition is concerned with the first language, whilelanguage learning is concerned with a second language. This study aims to describe the acquisition ofphrases and sentences of Indonesian children aged five years.This research uses a qualitative approachwith descriptive research type of analysis. All data obtained from the speech of a five-year-old childas a source of data. Techniques refer libat proficient, recording techniques, and techniques record is atechnique used by the author to collect data in this study.The results of this study found variations ofphrases and sentences. The phrase in question is a phrase consisting of a nominal phrase, a verbal phrase,a numeral phrase, an adverbial phrase, a preposition phrase, and an adjective phrase. In addition, thefive-year-old also has sentences consisting of core sentences and non-core sentences, single sentences andcompound sentences, major sentences and minor sentences, verbal sentences and non-verbal sentences,as well as free and bound sentences.Thus, the results of this study can be used as one of the comparativematerials with subsequent studies that will examine the acquisition of Indonesian sentence of five-yearoldchild although the aspects studied vary.Key words: earnings, sentences, children five yearsAbstrakPemerolehan Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia Anak Usia Lima Tahun. Pemerolehan merupakan prosespenguasaan bahasa yang dilakukan oleh anak secara natural pada waktu ia belajar bahasa pertamaatau bahasa ibunya. Dalam hal ini, terdapat dua proses yang terjadi di dalamnya, yakni pemerolehanbahasa dan pembelajaran bahasa. Jadi, pemerolehan bahasa berkenaan dengan bahasa pertama,sedangkan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemerolehan frasa dan kalimatbahasa Indonesia anak usia lima tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif denganjenispenelitian deskriptif analisis. Seluruh data yang didapatkan dari ujaran-ujaran anak usia lima tahunsebagai sumber data. Teknik simak libat cakap, teknik rekam, dan teknik catat merupakan teknik yangdigunakan penulis untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukannyabentuk-bentuk frasa dan kalimat yang bervariasi. Frasa yang dimaksud adalah frasa yang terdiri darifrasa nominal, frasa verbal, frasa numeral, frasa adverbial, frasa preposisi, dan frasa adjektival. Selainitu anak usia lima tahun tersebut juga sudah memperoleh kalimat yang terdiri dari kalimat inti dankalimat non-inti, kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk, kalimat mayor dan kalimat minor, kalimat246verbal dan kalimat non-verbal, serta kalimat bebas dan terikat. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian inidapat dijadikan salah satu bahan pembanding dengan penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya yang akanmengkaji tentang pemerolehan kalimat bahasa Indonesia anak usia lima tahun walaupun dengan aspekyang dikaji berbeda-beda.
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Dalmi, Gréte. "What does it take to be a copula?" Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2016-0001.
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Abstract This paper argues that copular sentences without an overt copular predicate do project a VP with a phonologically null head, hence so-called “verbless” copular sentences are illusory. Data from Standard Arabic, Spanish, Maltese, Russian, Jamaican Creole, Finnish and Hungarian copular sentences are used to support this claim. It is also claimed here that variation between the habitual property vs. ad hoc property interpretations (traditionally called the individual level vs. stage level distinction) of non-verbal predicates found in copular sentences is closely related to the choice of the copula in multiple BE-system languages. Whilst the current accounts explain this variation by introducing an abstract aspectual operator or an incorporated abstract preposition in the functional layer of the copular predicate, the present proposal derives these interpretive differences from the presence or absence of an OPalt alternative state operator, which can bind the temporal variable of non-verbal predicates in two ways. Negation and temporal adverbials show scope ambiguity in copular sentences. They either take scope over the whole proposition or only over the non-verbal predicate. Such interpretive differences are demonstrated in Russian and Hungarian in Section 4 of this paper, however, they are taken to be valid cross-linguistically. These amibiguities cannot be explained under the “verbless copular sentence” account but fall out naturally from the “zero copula” analysis. The “alternative state” approach can be extended to dream narratives and other nonveridical contexts, which serve as alternative triggers. The existing analyses have nothing to say about such contexts.
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Dalmi, Gréte. "Ad hoc properties and locations in Maltese." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 1 (December 30, 2015): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5624.
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This paper aims to show that the four-way BE-system of Maltese can best be accommodated in a theory of non-verbal predication that builds on alternative states, without making any reference to the Davidsonian spatio-temporal event variable. The existing theories of non-verbal predicates put the burden of explaining the difference between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations either solely on the non-verbal predicate, by postulating an event variable in their lexical layer (see Kratzer 1995; Adger and Ramchand 2003; Magri 2009; Roy 2013), or solely on the copular or non-copular primary predicate, which contains an aspectual operator or an incorporated abstract preposition, responsible for such interpretive differences (Schmitt 2005, Schmitt and Miller 2007, Gallego and Uriagereka 2009, 2011, Marín 2010, Camacho 2012).
The present proposal combines Maienborn’s (2003, 2005a,b, 2011) discourse-semantic theory of copular sentences with Richardson’s (2001, 2007) analysis of non-verbal adjunct predicates in Russian, based on alternative states. Under this combined account, variation between the ad hoc vs. habitual interpretations of non-verbal predicates is derived from the presence or absence of a modal OPalt operator that can bind the temporal variable of non-verbal predicates in accessible worlds, in the sense of Kratzer (1991). In the absence of this operator, the temporal variable is bound by the T0 head in the standard way. The proposal extends to non-verbal predicates in copular sentences as well as to argument and adjunct non-verbal predicates in non-copular sentences.
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Alabaeeji, Saif. "Non-Verbal Predicate in English: Evidence from Iraqi Nominal Sentences." Arab World English Journal 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no3.2.
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AGBARA, Clara Unoalegie Bola. "The Implicitness of some Interrogative Sentences in Legislative Debates." Nile Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v1i1.37.
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Linguists have identified three major sentence types namely; declaratives, imperatives and interrogatives, which feature in most communication situations, whether formal or non-formal. These sentences which perform specific communicative functions, such as giving out information, giving out command/order, and requesting for information, have unique structures respectively. These functions are sometimes, manipulated to meet speakers’ situational intentions. Legislative discourse is characterized by participants who are of opposing views and yet, need to arrive at a collective decision. Arriving at a collective decision requires convincing information which will assist the participants in decision making. In the bid to provide information as well as to influence co-participants, most speakers punctuate their utterances with interrogative sentences. This paper focuses on the pragmatic functions of some non-verbal response interrogatives in legislative discourse. Using Searle’s Speech Act Theory as well as insights from literature on grammar, this paper sets out to describe the illocutionary acts performed with some interrogative sentences in legislative debates. The data used for the research are taken from the Senate Hansards of the sixth National Assembly. It was discovered that most non-verbal response interrogative sentences (rhetorical questions) are used to perform three illocutionary acts of representative, directive and expressive acts in legislative debates. The paper concludes that rhetorical sentences are important persuasive tools which influence the emotional and reasoning capacities of participants in arriving at a collective decision in legislative debates. They also have the pragmatic force of emphasis, regrets, objections and appeal.
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Pašalić, Naim. "Recognition and Naming of the Sentence Content in Deaf Children Trough Verbal and Neverbal Approach." INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review 2, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influence.v2i2.100.
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The aim of the research is to determine the effects on the recognition and naming of certain sentence structures through a verbal and non-verbal approach, or through the use of a verbal and non-verbal communication channel. The study was conducted on a sample of 30 deaf pupils at age from 11 to 14 years. As a measurement instrument, a modified image description test was used. The test consisted of six complexes, illustrated sentences, in which the actions and subjects performing certain actions are shown in the picture sequence in a way that deaf children understand. The descriptive analysis method was used for data processing. Measures of central tendencies and variations have been made. Testing the difference between verbal and non-verbal approach was performed by t-test. The correlation between the chronological age and the recognition and naming of the spoken structures were verified through the non-verbal approach. The results of the research have shown that respondents have achieved better results in recognizing and naming spoken content using the non-verbal communication channel, that there is a statistically significant difference in the use of verbal and non-verbal communication approaches in recognizing and naming spoken content, and that there is a high correlation between the chronological age of respondents and recognizing and naming of spoken content through a non-verbal approach
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Salkić, Naim, Emira Švraka, and Arzija Pašalić. "Recognition and naming of the sentence content in deaf children through verbal and non-verbal approach." Technium Social Sciences Journal 8 (May 15, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v8i1.638.
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The aim of the research is to determine the effects on the recognition and naming of certain sentence structures through a verbal and non-verbal approach, or through the use of a verbal and non-verbal communication channel. The study was conducted on a sample of 30 deaf pupils at age from 11 to 14 years. As a measurement instrument, a modified image description test was used. The test consisted of six complexes, illustrated sentences, in which the actions and subjects performing certain actions are shown in the picture sequence in a way that deaf children understand. The descriptive analysis method was used for data processing. Measures of central tendencies and variations have been made. Testing the difference between verbal and non-verbal approach was performed by t-test. The correlation between the chronological age and the recognition and naming of the spoken structures were verified through the non-verbal approach. The results of the research have shown that respondents have achieved better results in recognizing and naming spoken content using the non-verbal communication channel, that there is a statistically significant difference in the use of verbal and non-verbal communication approaches in recognizing and naming spoken content, and that there is a high correlation between the chronological age of respondents and recognizing and naming of spoken content through a non-verbal approach.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-verbal sentences"
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Lindblom, Camilla. "Negation in Dravidian languages : A descriptive typological study on verbal and non-verbal negation in simple declarative sentences." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-110811.
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Over the years the typology of negation has been much described and discussed. However, focus has mainly been on standard negation. Studies on non-verbal negation in general and comparative studies covering the complete domain of non-verbal negation in particular are less common. The strategies to express non-verbal negation vary among languages. In some languages the negation strategy employed in standard negation is also used in non-verbal negation. Several researchers have argued that languages express negation of non-verbal predications using special constructions. This study examines and describes negation strategies in simple declarative sentences in 18 Dravidian languages. The results suggest that the majority of the Dravidian languages included in this study express standard negation by the use of a negative suffix while non-verbal negation is expressed by a negative verb. Further distinctions are made in the negation of non-verbal predications in that different negation markers are used for attributive and existential/possessive predications respectively.
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Henadeerage, Kumara, and kumara henadeerage@anu edu au. "Topics in Sinhala Syntax." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060426.142352.
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This study is a detailed investigation of a number of issues in colloquial
Sinhala morphosyntax. These issues primarily concern grammatical relations,
argument structure, phrase structure and focus constructions. The
theoretical framework of this study is Lexical Functional Grammar.¶Chapter
1 introduces the issues to be discussed, followed by a brief introduction
of some essential aspects of colloquial Sinhala as background for the
discussion in the following chapters. In Chapter 2 we present basic
concepts of the theoretical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar.¶ The
next three chapters mainly concern grammatical relations, argument
structure and clause structure in colloquial Sinhala. Chapter 3 examines
grammatical relations. The main focus lies in establishing the subject
grammatical relation in terms of various subjecthood diagnostics. We show
that only a very small number of diagnostics are reliable, and that the
evidence for subject is weaker than assumed previously. All the subjecthood
diagnostics that were examined select the most prominent argument in the
argument structure as the subject, i.e. 'logical subject'. However, there
appear to be no processes in the language that are sensitive to the subject
in the grammatical relations structure, i.e. 'gr-subject'. Further, there
is no evidence for other grammatical relations like objects. In Chapter 4
we discuss the agentless construction and related valency alternation
phenomena. It was previously assumed that the agentless construction,
valency alternation phenomena and the involitive construction are all
related. We argue that the agentless construction should be treated as a
different construction from the involitive construction. We also show that
the agentless construction and the involitive construction have contrasting
characteristics, and that treatment of them as separate constructions can
account for some phenomena which did not receive an explanation previously.
The valency alternation phenomena are related to the agentless
construction, therefore there is no valency alternation in involitive
constructions. It will be shown that verbs undergoing the valency
alternation can be distinguished from the other verbs in terms of the
lexical semantic properties of individual verbs. Chapter 5 examines the
structure of non-verbal sentences in terms of a number of morphosyntactic
phenomena. It was previously argued that verbal sentences and non-verbal
sentences in colloquial Sinhala differ in terms of clause structure.
However, the present study shows evidence to the contrary.¶ The next two
chapters deal with modelling contrastive focus and the phrase structure of
the language. Chapter 6 is a detailed analysis of the contrastive focus
(cleft) construction in various clause types in the language, and proposes
a unified syntactic treatment of contrastive focus. Contrastive focus is in
some constructions morphologically encoded, while in others it involves
both morphological and configurational assignment of focus. The complex
interaction between focus markers and verb morphology in various focus
constructions is accounted for by general well-formedness conditions
applying to the f-structure, and the principles of Functional Uncertainty
and Morphological Blocking. In Chapter 7, we discuss the phrase structure
of the language, in particular such issues as its non-configurational
nature and the lack of evidence for VP. We propose non-configurational S
and some functional projections to account for word order freedom under S
and to explain certain morphosyntactic phenomena, such as configurational
focus assignment. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the conclusions made in
previous chapters.
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Henadeerage, Kumara. "Topics in Sinhala Syntax." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47148.
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This study is a detailed investigation of a number of issues in colloquial Sinhala morphosyntax. These issues primarily concern grammatical relations, argument structure, phrase structure and focus constructions. The theoretical framework of this study is Lexical Functional Grammar.¶ ...
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Chiu, Yen-Hua, and 邱燕華. "The Study of Effects on Sentence Expression through Augmentative and Alternative Communication for a Non-Verbal Preschooler with Autism." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j534jd.
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碩士國立東華大學
特殊教育學系
100
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sentence expression through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for a three-year-old non-verbal preschooler with autism. The multiple probe design of single subject research method was adopted in this study. The independent variable was the high-tech ACC training programs. The dependent variables were the accuracy of sentence expression, the performance of mean length of utterances (MLU) and oral expression using U-PEN. The researcher implemented the high-tech ACC training programs in three different locations including rehabilitation center, participant’s kindergarten and her family. Data was collected during baseline, treatment and maintain phases. Visual analysis,Tyron’s C statistics and qualitative data were used for analyzing as the results. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the participant’s accuracy of sentence expression using U-PEN was improved and maintained in multiple locations. 2. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the participant’s MLU was improved and maintained in multiple locations. 3. After the implementation of high-tech ACC training programs, the performance of participant’s oral expression including motivation for active communication, verbal learning, and social interactions with peers was improved in multiple locations.
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Figueiredo, Eduardo Jorge Gonçalves. "Estruturas Passivas: Ensino a Alunos de PLNM." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93654.
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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Português como Língua Estrangeira e Língua Segunda (PLELS) apresentado à Faculdade de LetrasEste relatório, intitulado Estruturas Passivas: Ensino a Alunos de PLNM, surge principalmente da necessidade de descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito no estágio curricular para a conclusão do Mestrado em Português como Língua Estrangeira e Língua Segunda da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra. A escolha do tema prende-se com a falta de abundante produção científica acerca deste tema, em particular no campo do português língua não materna (PLNM).Neste trabalho, são descritas todas as atividades subordinadas à questão da estrutura passiva, em particular à concordância em género entre o particípio passado e o sujeito da frase passiva em que aquele se insere. Essa descrição toma por referência os conceitos teóricos formulados, entre outros autores, por Duarte (2013).Para o tratamento do tema, fez-se uma pequena recolha de produções escritas de alunos a frequentar a disciplina de Comunicação Escrita B1+ do Curso Anual de Língua e Cultura Portuguesas para Estrangeiros, visando aferir o grau de convergência com a estrutura-alvo no que a este ponto diz respeito. A análise desses dados recaiu sobre: (i) a concordância em género entre a forma participial e o sujeito da frase, e (ii) a escolha do particípio passado adequado (no caso dos verbos abundantes).O relatório encontra-se dividido em dois capítulos principais. O primeiro capítulo inclui a definição dos conceitos teóricos relevantes, a apresentação do estado da arte no que concerne à literatura científica produzida neste âmbito e das práticas pedagógicas recomendadas pelos principais documentos orientadores do ensino de PLE, bem como um resumo das formas como é abordada a questão nos materiais didáticos disponíveis. O segundo capítulo envolve a descrição das atividades de estágio, bem como a análise dos dados recolhidos.Apesar da reduzida dimensão do corpus recolhido, os dados indicam a necessidade de mais estudos nesta área, bem como a necessidade de direcionar algumas atividades letivas e materiais para o aperfeiçoamento das competências no domínio da concordância neste contexto frásico específico.
The following report, titled Passive Structures: Teaching Students of Portuguese as a Non-Native Language, emerges from the necessity of describing the activities carried out in the context of the teaching traineeship required to attain a Master’s degree in Portuguese as a Foreign and Second Language by the Faculty of Arts of the University of Coimbra. The choice of this topic is related to the lack of an abundant scientific literature about this matter, particularly in the field of Portuguese as a Non-Native Language.In this report, all the activities underlying the matter of passive structure are described, with a particular focus on gender agreement between the past particle and the subject of the passive sentence in which it can be found. Such description holds the theoretical concepts formulated by Duarte (2013), among other authors, as its main basis. As a way of investigating said topic, a small gathering of written answers made by students of Written Communication B1+ from the Yearly Course of Portuguese Language and Culture for Foreigners was carried out, with the purpose of evaluating the amount of correct answers in the target-structure related to this point. The analysis of said data focused on: (i) the gender agreement between the past participle and the sentence’s subject, and (ii) the choice of an adequate past participle form (whenever a past participle has two forms).The report is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter includes the definition of the theoretical concepts which are central to our discussion, the description of the state-of-the-art scientific literature written on the subject and the pedagogical practices recommended by the main guiding documents available on teaching Portuguese as a Non-Native Language, including a summary on how the available teaching materials deal with such matters. The second chapter describes the activities carried out at the traineeship, comprising an analysis of the gathered data.Despite the relative smallness of the gathered corpus, the resulting data point towards a need for increased studies in the area, as well as the necessity of directing some class activities and materials to the perfecting of skills in the domain of agreement in this specific sentence context.
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Ya-Ting, Hu, and 胡雅婷. "The Study of Effectiveness of Sentence Expression through Augmentative and Alternative Communication for a Non-Verbal Elementary Student with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76075092397809251539.
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碩士國立花蓮教育大學
身心障礙與輔助科技研究所
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sentence expression through Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) for an elementary student with moderate intellectual disabilities. The participant of this study was a 3rd grade non-verbal elementary female student with moderate intellectual disabilities. The single subject of A-B-M designs was used in the study. The independent variables were three AAC training programs including PECS(PhaseⅤ), the low-tech AAC training, and the high-tech AAC training. The dependent variables were expression effects including responding expression by using sentence strip, sentence expression by low-tech AAC, sentence expression by high-tech AAC. In order to demonstrate the effects of AAC training programs, the researcher asked the participant to generalize the learning effects in the real communication situation and oral expression during the training period. Data was collected during baseline, treatment, maintain, and generalization phases. Visual analysis, C statistics and qualitative data were used for analyzing the results. Social validity using interview with related individuals was also supplemented. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After the implementation of PECS, the participant’s responding expression using sentence strip was improved and maintained. 2. After the implementation of low-tech AAC training, the participant’s sentence expression using low-tech AAC was improved and maintained. 3. After the implementation of high-tech AAC training, the participant’s sentence expression using high-tech AAC was improved and maintained. 4. Using AAC in the real communication situation, the participant’s expression was improved. (1) The generalization effect of communication and expression by using AAC in the real communication situation was improved. (2) The participant’s oral expression through AAC training program was improved and maintained.
Books on the topic "Non-verbal sentences"
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Roy, Isabelle. Non-Verbal Predication: Copular Sentences at the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Non-verbal sentences"
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Wightwick, Jane, and Mahmoud Gaafar. "Pronouns (singular) and non-verbal sentences." In Mastering Arabic Grammar, 14–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-14586-4_4.
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Ghosh, Raghunath. "Tatparya and its role in verbal understanding." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 41–48. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199824416.
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I examine the concept of intention (tatparya) and its role in the phenomenon of verbal comprehension (sabdabodha) with special reference to Navya Nyaya, followed by some critical and evaluative remarks. An effort has been made to give an account of the apprehension of intention (tatparya) in four types of sentences: a) the ambiguous sentence b) the non-ambiguous sentence c) the vedic sentence and d) the sentence uttered by a parrot.
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"Communication in Business Tourism." In Translation and Communication in the Promotion of Business Tourism, 54–87. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0142-9.ch004.
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In this chapter, the authors adopt a corpus methodology to examine how business tourism promotional guides are written in their original language. Two examples (one in English and one in Spanish) are carefully examined according to a classification of verbal and non-verbal elements. First, the authors explain in the introduction the methodology of the study. They then continue with the analysis and description of the comparable corpus. Two promotional guides (one in English and one in Spanish) were selected for this purpose. For each of them, non-verbal elements are analyzed (fonts, text arrangement, symbols, images, colors) as well as verbal elements (voice, mode, types of sentences, verb tenses, adjectives, adverbs, personal pronouns, possessive determiners, and modal verbs).
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Booij, Geert. "Compounding." In The Morphology of Dutch, 142–77. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838852.003.0004.
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This chapter provides a survey of the types of compounds found in Dutch. Nominal and adjectival compounding is productive, unlike verbal compounding. Many compounds have constituents that no longer function as words by themselves. Classes of compounds with special properties are numerals, neo-classical compounds, and reduplicative compounds. In the non-head position of compounds, not only words occur, but also phrases and sentences. A special class discussed are synthetic compounds, combinations of compounding and derivation.
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Miestamo, Matti. "Negation and negatives." In The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages, 924–35. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0047.
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A characteristic feature of the Uralic language family is the widespread use of negative verbs. This chapter gives a comprehensive typologically oriented overview of the expression of negation in the family. Within clausal negation, attention is directed to standard negation—i.e. basic declarative clauses, the negation of non-declaratives—especially imperatives, the negation of non-verbal predicates, and negation in dependent clauses. Non-clausal negatives such as negative replies, negative indefinite pronouns, as well as negative derivation and case marking, are also addressed. Finally, some further aspects of negation are discussed: the scope of negation, negative polarity, case marking under negation, emphatic negation, and negation in complex sentences. The overview is based on a systematic questionnaire-based survey of negation in Uralic. The perspective is synchronic but some diachronic notes are also made.
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"Chapter 2. Eye-tracking research of reading mechanisms: processing of letters, words, sen- tences and texts." In THE GAZE OF SCHROEDINGER’S CAT: EYE-TRACKING IN PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, 45–127. St. Petersburg State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288059292.04.
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In Сhapter 2 we describe how verbal information is processed at different linguistic levels, from recognizing single letters to reading and comprehension of coherent texts. We present the results of several experimental studies on reading in Russian which has specific features like Cyrillic script, rich morphology and flexible word order. First, we show some features of Cyrillic letters recognition of different font types in the experiment with invisible boundary. Our results reveal that the font type affects the recognition of crowed letters (letters in Courier New were harder to identify than the ones in Georgia), while recognition efficiency of isolat- ed letters remains at the same level. Since crowded letters imitate real reading, we claim that Georgia is more readable font than Courier New. Second, we describe the lexical, syntactic and referential ambiguity processing emphasizing the role of semantic context. Thus, we show that the processing of ambiguous words does not depend on the type of their meaning (literal or non-literal) …, and the referential ambiguity advantage effect. Third, we compare the process- ing of literal and non-literal expressions in Russian. We try to tease apart different approaches to idioms as well as to give a better explanation of what units may be stored in the mental lex- icon and how syntactic processing may proceed. Finally, we demonstrate the influence of the text type, functional style and reading skills on text processing. We show that the text type is among the readability categories and it influences the effect of reading perspective: eye-track- ing parameters of reading a static text (descriptive sentences) and a dynamic text (sequence of events following swiftly on one another) differ a lot.
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"PART II OVERVIEW OF THE DIFFERENT SENTENCE PATTERNS AND NON-VERBAL SENTENCE PATTERNS." In Middle Egyptian, 193–280. Penn State University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781646022021-005.
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"Existential Clauses and the Periphrasis / Substitution of Non-Verbal Sentence Patterns." In Middle Egyptian, 477–92. Penn State University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/j.ctv2321hhb.35.
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Seraku, Tohru, and Akira Ohtani. "The Word Order Flexibility in Japanese Novels." In Computational and Cognitive Approaches to Narratology, 213–44. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0432-0.ch008.
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In Japanese, whose basic word-order is S(ubject)-O(bject)-V(erb), non-verbal elements may be permuted with the restriction that such elements cannot occur post-verbally. This restriction, however, does not apply to narrative discourse, especially conversations in novels. This discourse phenomenon with post-verbal elements is called “postposing.” This chapter reveals several grammatical properties of postposing based on Japanese novels, and present an explicit account in an integrated theory of grammar. More precisely, the narrative data indicate that the syntactic type of postposed element is quite diverse and that, contrary to the prevalent, opposing view, Japanese postposing is not restricted to a matrix clause. These issues are addressed within Dynamic Syntax, a cognitively realistic grammar formalism which specifies a set of constraints on building up a structure online. This architectural design formalises the incremental process of how the reader gradually updates an interpretation by parsing a postposing sentence in narrative discourse.
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Matsumoto, Kazuyuki. "Utterance Emotion Estimation by Using Feature of Syntactic Pattern." In Information Systems - Intelligent Information Processing Systems [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96597.
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Emotion has been defined as basic emotions by various researchers, however, there are not many studies describing the relation between emotion and language patterns in detail based on statistical information. There are various languages all over the world, and even a language of the same country has different writing styles/expressions depending on which language media is used or who is a writer/speaker, which is thought to make it difficult to analyze the relation of emotion and language patterns. The author has been engaged in constructing and analyzing emotion corpora in some domains based on different sources. From the analysis results, emotion expressions started to become more understood that they have differences and tendencies according to the attributes of the writers and the speakers. In this chapter, I focused on the differences detected in the attributes of the writer/speaker with respect to language patterns; in usage tendencies or combinations of words, unknown expressions (slangs), sentence patterns, non-verbal expressions (emoji, emoticon, etc.) with relevant emotions, then introduce the outcome of the analytical survey on a large scale corpus obtained from a social networking service.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-verbal sentences"
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Godage, Ishika, Ruvan Weerasignhe, and Damitha Sandaruwan. "Sign Language Recognition for Sentence Level Continuous Signings." In 10th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112305.
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It is no doubt that communication plays a vital role in human life. There is, however, a significant population of hearing-impaired people who use non-verbal techniques for communication, which a majority of the people cannot understand. The predominant of these techniques is based on sign language, the main communication protocol among hearing impaired people. In this research, we propose a method to bridge the communication gap between hearing impaired people and others, which translates signed gestures into text. Most existing solutions, based on technologies such as Kinect, Leap Motion, Computer vision, EMG and IMU try to recognize and translate individual signs of hearing impaired people. The few approaches to sentence-level sign language recognition suffer from not being user-friendly or even practical owing to the devices they use. The proposed system is designed to provide full freedom to the user to sign an uninterrupted full sentence at a time. For this purpose, we employ two Myo armbands for gesture-capturing. Using signal processing and supervised learning based on a vocabulary of 49 words and 346 sentences for training with a single signer, we were able to achieve 75-80% word-level accuracy and 45-50% sentence level accuracy using gestural (EMG) and spatial (IMU) features for our signer-dependent experiment.
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Otsu, Kouyou, and Tomoko Izumi. "An investigation of user perceptions of anthropomorphic linguistic expressions in guidance from home appliances." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001778.
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With the progress of using voice recognition technology and artificial intelligence, interactive home appliances that communicate with users in natural language and provide appropriate guidance are becoming widespread. Such intelligent artifacts not only provide advanced guidance to users but may also be the key to changing the relationship between humans and artifacts.In the field of cognitive science, it is known that human tends to perceive artifacts as if they were living things. It is known as the concept of the "media equation." Therefore, interaction design that makes such home appliances behave as more anthropomorphic entities may provide a means to make users perceive them as more relatable. However, many studies about animacy perception for interactive systems have focused on humanoid artifacts and their physicality. Therefore, there has been limited interaction design knowledge for making non-humanoid artifacts behave as anthropomorphic entities. In particular, an object's verbal expression may be considered an important factor affecting the perception of anthropomorphism toward the object. However, there is no sufficient discussion on whether the introduction of anthropomorphic linguistic expressions into the speech scenario of an object can become a factor to change how that object is perceived. In addition, it is not clear how the introduction of anthropomorphic expressions in situations of guidance by interactive systems affects the degree of comprehension of the content.In this study, we investigated how differences in the strength of anthropomorphism in the "speech" of home appliances affect users' perceptions of its guidance. This survey was conducted as a web-based questionnaire, and 132 Japanese-native speakers participated in it. In the experiment, participants were presented with a text of a scenario in which a microwave oven recommends a menu to a user and guides users on how to use" him/herself" to facilitate the user's task of preparing the menu. Then, they were asked to answer a questionnaire while watching the text. In this experiment, we prepared five sentences with different intensities of anthropomorphizing of the microwave oven written in the sentences. These sentences were designed to change the intensity of the anthropomorphism of the object without changing the content or intention of the sentences by using four anthropomorphic strategies: from third-person description to the introduction of first-person expressions (e.g., "I"), physical expressions (e.g., "my stomach"), casual expressions, and expressive emotional statements. Participants were instructed to answer the questionnaire in the same way for each of these five types of sentences.As a result, it was suggested that by increasing the intensity of anthropomorphism in the linguistic expressions expressed by the object, it is possible to change the way people perceive the object as if the object itself were speaking. In addition, there was no difference in the degree to which users understood the speech intentions of the appliances due to changes in the anthropomorphic expressions. These results suggest that anthropomorphizing the object based on linguistic expressions may help enhance the relationship with a human in interaction scenes where the artifact itself provides guidance.