Journal articles: 'Non-traumatic brain injury'

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Levin, Harvey S. "Neuroplasticity following non-penetrating traumatic brain injury." Brain Injury 17, no. 8 (January 2003): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269905031000107151.

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Walcott, Brian P., Brian V. Nahed, Sameer A. Sheth, Vijay Yanamadala, James R. Caracci, and Wael F. Asaad. "Bilateral Hemicraniectomy in Non-Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Neurotrauma 29, no. 10 (July 2012): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2012.2382.

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Aoki, Yuta, and Ryota Inokuchi. "Diffusion tensor imaging in non-traumatic brain injury." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13336.

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Mufti, Osama, Sunu Mathew, Alon Harris, Brent Siesky, Kendall M. Burgett, and Alice Chandra Verticchio Vercellin. "Ocular changes in traumatic brain injury: A review." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119866974.

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Traumatic brain injury is represented by a penetrating or non-penetrating head injury, which causes disruption in the normal functioning of the brain. Traumatic brain injury has been an ardently debated topic of discussion due to its prevalence in media centric persons such as military personnel and athletes. Current assessments for traumatic brain injury have looked at vestibulo-ocular and vascular parameters to aid in diagnosis. Innovations in non-invasive ophthalmic imaging have allowed for the visualization of specific tissue structure/function relationships in a variety of ophthalmic and neurodegenerative diseases. As the eye and brain share significant embryological and physiological pathways, ocular imaging modalities may provide a novel and impactful tool in advancing assessment of traumatic brain injury. Herein, we examined the available literature and data on visual fields, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, retinal ganglion cell layer thickness, and cerebral blood flow following traumatic brain injury. This review of published individual and population-based studies was performed in order to explore the feasibility and importance of considering ocular imaging biomarkers following traumatic brain injury.

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Colantonio, A., G. Gerber, M. Bayley, R. Deber, J. Yin, and H. Kim. "Differential profiles for patients with traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 43, no. 4 (2011): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0783.

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Povzun, Andrey A., Lyudmila M. Shchugareva, and Alexander S. Iova. "Increasing of assessment effectiveness of neurological evaluation in detection traumatic intracranial injures in children with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9328-33.

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Objective. To increase the effectiveness of neurological evaluation in detecting traumatic intracranial injures in children under 18 years old with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury. Materials and methods. Clinical and clinical-sonographic evaluations of 256 patients aged 0-18 years with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury were performed. Depending of detected clinical and neurological risk factors and the results of the primary clinical and sonographic examination, children were divided into two groups: group I (high or medium risk of traumatic intracranial injury) – 174 (67.9%), group II (low/no risk of traumatic intracranial injury) – 82 (32.1%). Verification of important traumatic and non-traumatic intracranial changes revealed by primary sonographic exam was confirmed by using computerized tomography. Results and conclusion. Identification of traumatic intracranial injures by results of primary clinical examination is most effective when two or more higher or medium risk factors were detected. Application of primary clinical and sonographic examination increases diagnostic efficiency of neurological evaluation to 10.1% and the possibility of detecting traumatic intracranial injures to 57.1%. In 7.0% of cases emergency computed tomography were determined, dynamic observation was performed in 32.1% of cases. Significant non-traumatic brain diseases (cysts, hydrocephalus, congenital malformations) were diagnosed in 3.6% of cases by results primary clinical and sonographic examination.

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Turner, Grace M., Christel McMullan, Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Danai Bem, Tom Marshall, Melanie Calvert, Jonathan Mant, and Antonio Belli. "Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Stroke 16, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17474930211004277.

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Background Traumatic brain injury is a global health problem; worldwide, >60 million people experience a traumatic brain injury each year and incidence is rising. Traumatic brain injury has been proposed as an independent risk factor for stroke. Aims To investigate the association between traumatic brain injury and stroke risk. Summary of review We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4 December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios for studies which reported stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-traumatic brain injury control group, all found traumatic brain injury patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled hazard ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 1.46–2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-traumatic brain injury, but remains significant up to five years post-traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of traumatic brain injury. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion Traumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of traumatic brain injury severity or type. Post-traumatic brain injury review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.

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Wang, Qing-Rui, Ying-Yi Lu, Ying-Ju Su, Hao Qin, Li Zhang, Ming-Kung Wu, Cong-Liang Zhang, and Chieh-Hsin Wu. "Migraine and traumatic brain injury: a cohort study in Taiwan." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027251.

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ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury is now a major contributor to the global healthcare burden. Migraine is another debilitating disease with a global health impact. While most researchers agree that traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for migraine, whether migraine is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury still remains under debate. We therefore aimed to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for developing traumatic brain injury.Study designRetrospective population-based cohort study.SettingData for people who had been diagnosed with migraine were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsWe identified 7267 patients with newly diagnosed migraine during 1996–2010. The migraineurs to non-migraineurs ratio was set at 1:4 to enhance the power of statistical tests.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the effects of migraines on the risk of traumatic brain injury after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe overall traumatic brain injury risk was 1.78 times greater in the migraine group compared with the non-migraine group after controlling for covariates. Additionally, patients with previous diagnoses of alcohol-attributed disease, mental disorders and diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher traumatic brain injury risk compared with those with no history of these diagnoses.ConclusionsThis study of a population-based database indicated that migraine is a traumatic brain injury risk factor. Greater attention to migraine-targeted treatment modalities may reduce traumatic brain injury-related morbidity and mortality.

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Reddy, B. Ushasree, Ranabir Pal, Amrita Ghosh, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy, and Amit Agrawal. "Tinnitus After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview." Romanian Neurosurgery 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2018-0062.

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Abstract Tinnitus is a frequent clinical feature encountered during follow up of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can be incapacitating in the long run. Literature suggests that post-TBI carries a higher psychological burden than tinnitus patients presenting with other non-traumatic or unknown etiologic. Posttraumatic tinnitus is of longer duration, frequently associated with hyperacousis and occurs in younger age group. If the symptoms are severe post-traumatic tinnitus can affect quality of life of the patients. The management of these patients needs detail evaluation and comprehensive rehabilitation plan.

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Baxendale, Sallie, Dominic Heaney, Fergus Rugg-Gunn, and Daniel Friedland. "Neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury." Practical Neurology 19, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002113.

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This review examines the clinical and neuroradiological features of traumatic brain injury that are most frequently associated with persistent cognitive complaints. Neuropsychological outcomes do not depend solely on brain injury severity but result from a complex interplay between premorbid factors, the extent and nature of the underlying structural damage, the person’s neuropsychological reserve and the impact of non-neurological factors in the recovery process. Brain injury severity is only one of these factors and has limited prognostic significance with respect to neuropsychological outcome. We examine the preinjury and postinjury factors that interact with the severity of a traumatic brain injury to shape outcome trajectories. We aim to provide a practical base on which to build discussions with the patient and their family about what to expect following injury and also to plan appropriate neurorehabilitation.

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Frenette, Anne-Julie, Francis Bernard, Suneel Khetarpal, David Williamson, and Marc Perreault. "BARBITURATE COMA USE AND SAFETY IN TRAUMATIC AND NON-TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." Critical Care Medicine 32, Supplement (December 2004): A101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200412001-00363.

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Costa, Thiago, Ana Zaninotto, Gláucia Benute, Mara Lúcia, Wellingson Paiva, Johan Wagemans, Lee de-Wit, and Paulo Boggio. "Non-specific Perceptual Organization Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Vision 15, no. 12 (September 1, 2015): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.845.

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Zygun, David A., John B. Kortbeek, Gordon H. Fick, Kevin B. Laupland, and Christopher J. Doig. "Non-neurologic organ dysfunction in severe traumatic brain injury*." Critical Care Medicine 33, no. 3 (March 2005): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000155911.01844.54.

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Cottingham, Maria E., and Kyle B. Boone. "Non-credible language deficits following mild traumatic brain injury." Clinical Neuropsychologist 24, no. 6 (July 6, 2010): 1006–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2010.481636.

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Beauchamp, Frédérique, Valérie Boucher, Xavier Neveu, Vincent Ouellet, Patrick Archambault, Simon Berthelot, Jean-Marc Chauny, et al. "Post-concussion symptoms in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury compared to non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury." Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43678-020-00060-0.

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Li, Lucia M., Ines R. Violante, Karl Zimmerman, Rob Leech, Adam Hampshire, Maneesh Patel, Alexander Opitz, et al. "Traumatic axonal injury influences the cognitive effect of non-invasive brain stimulation." Brain 142, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 3280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz252.

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The behavioural effects of non-invasive brain stimulation are highly variable. Li et al. show that the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function after traumatic brain injury are heavily influenced by white matter damage within the stimulated network. A personalized approach to selecting stimulation parameters may therefore be required.

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Strandvik, Gustav, Ahmed Shaaban, Abdelrahman Rawhi Mahmoud Alsaleh, and Muhammad Mohsin Khan. "Rapidly fatal pneumococcal meningitis following non-penetrating traumatic brain injury." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 2 (February 2020): e232692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232692.

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A previously healthy young man presented to hospital with severe traumatic brain injury following a motor vehicle collision. Within 24 hours of admission, and despite antibiotic coverage, he developed a fever. On the second day, the source of infection was discovered to be purulent pneumococcal meningitis. At 48 hours post-accident, he developed brain-stem death without evidence of raised intracranial pressure or trans-tentorial herniation. Initial CT scans of the head were essentially normal, but early repeat scans revealed evidence of pneumocephalus and possible frontal bone fracture. Current recommendations do not make room for targeted antibiotic prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury patients with traumatic skull fracture. We argue that our case demonstrates the need for aggressive targeted antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of certain features such as frontal or sphenoid bone fracture and pneumocephalus.

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Milatovic, Jovan. "Traumatic brain injury and adjustment disorders." Medical review 70, no. 7-8 (2017): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1708249m.

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Introduction. Traumatic brain injury and reactive psychiatric disorders are universal health problems, both individually and in comorbidity. Traffic accidents are the most common cause of traumatic head injury, followed by falls, violence, and sports injuries. Due to the fact that they are associated with rapid, stressful events, they clearly trigger or generate reactive psychiatric disorders. What makes them special in this area is their organic substrate. Almost all patients with severe head injuries, more than half with moderate, and one tenth with mild head injuries suffer neuropsychiatric sequelae. Discussion and Conclusion. Among the published papers on this topic, prospective epidemiological analytical studies are dominant. Most articles deal with injured soldiers, injured children or adolescents. Recent papers emphasize the need for a timely, multidisciplinary care for the affected people and the primary community. It is very important to initiate early rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Due to non-specific and limited pharmacotherapeutic options, especially evident in organ damage and pediatric population, special attention is given to occupational, psychological rehabilitation, and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, as well as psycho-pharmacological drugs in case of clear clinical indications. As potentially the most important for further research, are the results on the genetic predisposition of individuals for clinical outcomes of associated conditions, structural and functional visualization of brain regions associated with specific psychological symptoms, and psycho-protective role of morphine and amnesia. Involvement of the wider community in a range of activities that contribute to poor outcomes is of utmost importance.

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Dabbagh, Ousama, Hussam Jabri, Haifa M. Malaika, Sofia Junaid, Yaseen Arabi, and Abdullah Al Shimemeri. "MAGNESIUM LEVEL PATTERNS AMONG CRITICALLY ILL TRAUMATIC AND NON TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS." Chest 128, no. 4 (October 2005): 299S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.4_meetingabstracts.299s-c.

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Cullen, Nora K., Yoon-Ghil Park, and Mark T. Bayley. "Functional recovery following traumatic vs non-traumatic brain injury: A case-controlled study." Brain Injury 22, no. 13-14 (January 2008): 1013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699050802530581.

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Lapitskaya, Natallia, Sofie Kirial Moerk, Olivia Gosseries, Joergen Feldbaek Nielsen, and Alain Maertens de Noordhout. "Corticospinal excitability in patients with anoxic, traumatic, and non-traumatic diffuse brain injury." Brain Stimulation 6, no. 2 (March 2013): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.010.

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Veksler, Ronel, Udi Vazana, Yonatan Serlin, Ofer Prager, Jonathan Ofer, Nofar Shemen, Andrew M. Fisher, et al. "Slow blood-to-brain transport underlies enduring barrier dysfunction in American football players." Brain 143, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 1826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa140.

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Abstract Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in American football players has garnered increasing public attention following reports of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a progressive tauopathy. While the mechanisms underlying repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced neurodegeneration are unknown and antemortem diagnostic tests are not available, neuropathology studies suggest a pathogenic role for microvascular injury, specifically blood–brain barrier dysfunction. Thus, our main objective was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a modified dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI approach we have developed to detect impairments in brain microvascular function. To this end, we scanned 42 adult male amateur American football players and a control group comprising 27 athletes practicing a non-contact sport and 26 non-athletes. MRI scans were also performed in 51 patients with brain pathologies involving the blood–brain barrier, namely malignant brain tumours, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic traumatic contusion. Based on data from prolonged scans, we generated maps that visualized the permeability value for each brain voxel. Our permeability maps revealed an increase in slow blood-to-brain transport in a subset of amateur American football players, but not in sex- and age-matched controls. The increase in permeability was region specific (white matter, midbrain peduncles, red nucleus, temporal cortex) and correlated with changes in white matter, which were confirmed by diffusion tensor imaging. Additionally, increased permeability persisted for months, as seen in players who were scanned both on- and off-season. Examination of patients with brain pathologies revealed that slow tracer accumulation characterizes areas surrounding the core of injury, which frequently shows fast blood-to-brain transport. Next, we verified our method in two rodent models: rats and mice subjected to repeated mild closed-head impact injury, and rats with vascular injury inflicted by photothrombosis. In both models, slow blood-to-brain transport was observed, which correlated with neuropathological changes. Lastly, computational simulations and direct imaging of the transport of Evans blue-albumin complex in brains of rats subjected to recurrent seizures or focal cerebrovascular injury suggest that increased cellular transport underlies the observed slow blood-to-brain transport. Taken together, our findings suggest dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI can be used to diagnose specific microvascular pathology after traumatic brain injury and other brain pathologies.

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Hohl, Alexandre, Tânia Longo Mazzuco, Marisa Helena César Coral, Marcelo Schwarzbold, and Roger Walz. "Hypogonadism after traumatic brain injury." Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia 53, no. 8 (November 2009): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27302009000800003.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in young adults. Post-TBI neuroendocrine disorders have been increasingly acknowledged in recent years due to their potential contribution to morbidity and, probably, to mortality after trauma. Marked alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis during the post-TBI acute and chronic phases have been reported. Prospective and longitudinal studies have shown that some abnormalities are transitory. On the other hand, there is a high frequency (15% to 68%) of pituitary hormone deficiency among TBI survivors in a long term setting. Post-TBI hypogonadism is a common finding after cranial trauma, and it is predicted to develop in 16% of the survivors in the long term. Post-TBI hypogonadism has been associated with adverse results in the acute and chronic phases after injury. These data reinforce the need for identification of hormonal deficiencies and their proper treatment, in order to optimize patient recovery, improve their life quality, and avoid the negative consequences of non-treated hypogonadism in the long term.

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Meyer, Kimberly S., Maxwell Boakye, and Donald W. Marion. "Effects of non-neurological complications on traumatic brain injury outcome." Critical Care 16, no. 3 (2012): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc11311.

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Prigatano, George P., Susan Borgaro, and Heather Caples. "Non-pharmacological management of psychiatric disturbances after traumatic brain injury." International Review of Psychiatry 15, no. 4 (November 2003): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260310001606755.

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Bargellesi, Stefano, Luisa Cavasin, Federico Scarponi, Antonio De Tanti, Donatella Bonaiuti, Michelangelo Bartolo, Paolo Boldrini, and Anna Estraneo. "Occurrence and predictive factors of heterotopic ossification in severe acquired brain injured patients during rehabilitation stay: cross-sectional survey." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 2 (August 14, 2017): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215517723161.

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Objectives: To report occurrence and identify patient’s features and risk factors of heterotopic ossifications in patients with severe acquired brain injury in intensive rehabilitation centres. Design: Multicentre cross-sectional survey. Setting: A total of 48 severe acquired brain injury rehabilitation institutes. Participants: Traumatic and non-traumatic severe brain-injured patients ( N = 689) in rehabilitation centres on 28 May 2016. Main Outcome Measure: Occurrence of heterotopic ossifications diagnosed by standard radiological and/or sonographic evaluation on the basis of clinical suspicion. Results: Heterotopic ossification occurred around one or more joints in 94/689 patients (13.6%) with a significantly higher prevalence in young males. Occurrence did not significantly differ in relation to aetiology (16.3% traumatic, 19.2% anoxic, 11.7% vascular and 11.5% other). Prevalence was significantly higher in patients with diffuse (23.3%) rather than focal brain lesions (12.4%) or unspecified lesions (11.2%; chi-square = 7.81, df = 2, P = 0.020); longer duration of coma ( P = 0.0016) and ventilation support ( P = 0.0145); paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (22.6% versus 11.6%; chi-square = 10.81, df = 1, P = 0.001); and spasticity (22.7% versus 10.1%; chi-square = 18.63, df = 1, P < 0.0001). A longer interval between acute brain injury and admission to rehabilitation centre was significantly associated with higher frequency of heterotopic ossifications. Conclusion: Occurrence of heterotopic ossifications is frequent in patients with severe traumatic and non-traumatic brain-injury in rehabilitation centres. Our study confirms male gender, young age, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, spasticity, longer duration of coma and ventilation and longer interval between brain injury onset and admission to rehabilitation centre as possible risk factors. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of early appropriate rehabilitation pathways to reduce occurrence of heterotopic ossifications.

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McDonald, Skye. "Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosocial Function: Let's Get Social." Brain Impairment 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2003): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.4.1.36.27032.

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AbstractDisorders of psychosocial function manifested in a reduction in socially skilled behaviour, are prevalent following traumatic brain injury. It is clear to most clinicians that these can present the major obstacle to successful rehabilitation. Outcome studies also support this view. Despite this, there is relatively little systematic work addressing social skills remediation in Australia or elsewhere. There are even fewer studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of social skills treatment after traumatic brain injury. In this address I will consider social skills from a social skills framework that has been developed in the normal literature. This framework encompasses social behaviour and social perception (i.e., the ability to read cues accurately and social problem-solving). Social behaviour is the most common target for remediation in both the normal and brain-injured populations. There is a range of useful techniques that have proven to be efficacious in treating social skills in non-brain-injured populations and also to have some effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. In addition, however, it is clear that both social perception (i.e., the ability to read social cues accurately and social problem-solving are also compromised after TBI). These areas are infrequently targeted for remediation, although again, there are some remediation principles that are relevant and potentially fruitful. Finally, it is important to understand the impact of psychological reactive factors such as depression and poor self-esteem in producing or maintaining poor social skills.

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van Gils, Anne, Jon Stone, Killian Welch, Louise R. Davidson, Dean Kerslake, Dave Caesar, Laura McWhirter, and Alan Carson. "Management of mild traumatic brain injury." Practical Neurology 20, no. 3 (April 9, 2020): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002087.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and associated with a range of diffuse, non-specific symptoms including headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, hypersomnolence, attentional difficulties, photosensitivity and phonosensitivity, irritability and depersonalisation. Although these symptoms usually resolve within 3 months, 5%–15% of patients are left with chronic symptoms. We argue that simply labelling such symptoms as ‘postconcussional’ is of little benefit to patients. Instead, we suggest that detailed assessment, including investigation, both of the severity of the ‘mild’ injury and of the individual symptom syndromes, should be used to tailor a rehabilitative approach to symptoms. To complement such an approach, we have developed a self-help website for patients with mild TBI, based on neurorehabilitative and cognitive behavioural therapy principles, offering information, tips and tools to guide recovery: www.headinjurysymptoms.org.

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Taş, Yağmur Çetin, İhsan Solaroğlu, and Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir. "Spreading Depolarization Waves in Neurological Diseases: A Short Review about its Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance." Current Neuropharmacology 17, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x15666170915160707.

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Lesion growth following acutely injured brain tissue after stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury is an important issue and a new target area for promising therapeutic interventions. Spreading depolarization or peri-lesion depolarization waves were demonstrated as one of the significant contributors of continued lesion growth. In this short review, we discuss the pathophysiology for SD forming events and try to list findings detected in neurological disorders like migraine, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury in both human as well as experimental studies. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies are highlighted and future directions and research limitations are discussed.

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Vaughan, Frances L., Jo Anne Neal, Farzana Nizam Mulla, Barbara Edwards, and Rudi Coetzer. "The validity of the Brain Injury Cognitive Screen (BICS) as a neuropsychological screening assessment for traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury." Clinical Neuropsychologist 31, no. 3 (November 22, 2016): 544–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2016.1256434.

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Pereira, Benedito, Radmila Holanda, José Targino Neto, and Luciano Holanda. "Tooth in Intracranial Compartment after Traumatic Brain Injury." Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 36, no. 01 (March 2017): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597773.

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AbstractA 25-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room presenting headaches after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) 30 days before, when he collided frontally with another driver. After a skull radiography, the presence of a foreign body was observed in the frontal sinus. A cranial computed tomography (CT) scan found that it was a tooth. The patient underwent surgical treatment for the removal of the tooth. Traumatic brain injury caused by non-missile penetrating objects is unusual, and has been described in case reports in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no similar reports can be found in the literature.

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Donker-Cools, Birgit H. P. M., Haije Wind, and Monique H. W. Frings-Dresen. "Prognostic factors of return to work after traumatic or non-traumatic acquired brain injury." Disability and Rehabilitation 38, no. 8 (July 3, 2015): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1061608.

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Moll, Jorge, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Rodrigo Basilio, Ivanei Edson Bramati, Barry Gordon, Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto, Roland Zahn, Frank Krueger, and Jordan Grafman. "Altruistic decisions following penetrating traumatic brain injury." Brain 141, no. 5 (March 24, 2018): 1558–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy064.

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Abstract The cerebral correlates of altruistic decisions have increasingly attracted the interest of neuroscientists. To date, investigations on the neural underpinnings of altruistic decisions have primarily been conducted in healthy adults undergoing functional neuroimaging as they engaged in decisions to punish third parties. The chief purpose of the present study was to investigate altruistic decisions following focal brain damage with a novel altruistic decision task. In contrast to studies that have focused either on altruistic punishment or donation, the Altruistic Decision Task allows players to anonymously punish or donate to 30 charitable organizations involved with salient societal issues such as abortion, nuclear energy and civil rights. Ninety-four Vietnam War veterans with variable patterns of penetrating traumatic brain injury and 28 healthy veterans who also served in combat participated in the study as normal controls. Participants were asked to invest $1 to punish or reward real societal organizations, or keep the money for themselves. Associations between lesion distribution and performance on the task were analysed with multivariate support vector regression, which enables the assessment of the joint contribution of multiple regions in the determination of a given behaviour of interest. Our main findings were: (i) bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal lesions increased altruistic punishment, whereas lesions of the right perisylvian region and left temporo-insular cortex decreased punishment; (ii) altruistic donations were increased by bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial parietal cortex, whereas lesions of the right posterior superior temporal sulcus and middle temporal gyri decreased donations; (iii) altruistic punishment and donation were only weakly correlated, emphasizing their dissociable neuroanatomical associations; and (iv) altruistic decisions were not related to post-traumatic personality changes. These findings indicate that altruistic punishment and donation are determined by largely non-overlapping cerebral regions, which have previously been implicated in social cognition and moral experience such as evaluations of intentionality and intuitions of justice and morality. 10.1093/brain/awy064_video1 awy064media1 5758316955001

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Solodun, Yu V., O. Yu Zlobina, T. М. Piskareva, and L. I. Ivanova. "POSTTRAUMATIC PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE HEAD INJURY IN MEDICO-LEGAL PRACTICE." Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine 5, no. 4 (January 19, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19048/2411-8729-2019-5-4-26-31.

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Neuropsychopathological problems are an intrinsic part of the clinical presentation of traumatic brain injury, its sequelae and outcomes, and require special attention when evaluating the degree of severity of harm to human health. The article discusses the issues of severe psychopathological sequalae after non-severe head injury in medicolegal practice. Objectives. To develop additional criteria of the medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in cases of appearance of severe posttraumatic neuropsychiatric disorders after the mild traumatic brain injury. Material and methods. Materials of the Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination were studied. We used common scientific research methods, an analysis of the literature on the research topic, a description and analysis of the expert case.Results. Existing conceptions and theories in understanding traumatic brain injury admit the possibility of the development of severe psychopathological manifestations lead to the neuropsychiatric disorder even in cases of mild traumatic brain injury. Practical medico-legal cases support this point.Conclusion. Additional criteria are defined for medico-legal diagnostics and assessment of harm to health in a case of severe neuropsychiatric outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury.

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Durnev, Vesna, Venko Filipce, Aleksandra Gavrilovska Brzanov, Maja Mojsova Mijovska, and Marina Temelkovska Stevanovska. "Cerebral Oxygenation Non Invasive Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury - A Pilot Study." Macedonian Medical Review 71, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmr-2017-0019.

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Abstract Introduction. Cerebral oxymetry obtained with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) provides noninvasive monitoring of microvasculature in the brain allowing for early recognition and preventive treatment of impaired cerebral oxygenation in traumatic brain injuries. Optimizing cerebral oxygenation is advocated to improve outcome in traumatic brain injured (TBI) hence the goal of this study was to determine the benefit of non invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation. Methods. Noninvasive monitoring was conducted in fifteen patients with traumatic brain injury. The values and changes in cerebral oxymetry were analyzed and compared with others tracked parameters: Glasgow Coma Scale on admission to determine the severity of traumatic brain injuries, systolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse oxymetry, and regular laboratory test. Regional cerebral oxygenation was measured using cerebral oxymetar INVOS 5100 Somanetics®. Results. According to obtained data, we noticed that any change in hemodynamic profile directly influenced the regional cerebral oxygen saturation. Higher changes in values of 15 % and more from basal ones correlate with unfavorable outcome as neurologic sequels. Decreased values of rSO2 in our study were rectified with several simple interventions. In our cases parameter which was most prominent cause for disturbed rSO2 was decreased mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusion. Stable hemodynamic profile leads to optimized cerebral oxygenation. Monitoring the regional oxygen saturation influenced by several factors is important step for forehanded detection of adverse secondary brain injuries. NIRS technology as monitoring system has potential to have diagnostic value and enable right therapeutic decisions and consequently better prognosis in TBI. Continued study of the benefits of cerebral oxygen monitoring is warranted.

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Lim, Key-Hwan, Sumin Yang, Sung-Hyun Kim, Sungkun Chun, and Jae-Yeol Joo. "Discoveries for Long Non-Coding RNA Dynamics in Traumatic Brain Injury." Biology 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9120458.

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In recent years, our understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been challenged with advances in genome sequencing and the widespread use of high-throughput analysis for identifying novel lncRNAs. Since then, the characterization of lncRNAs has contributed to the establishment of their molecular roles and functions in transcriptional regulation. Although genetic studies have so far explored the sequence-based primary function of lncRNAs that guides the expression of target genes, recent insights have shed light on the potential of lncRNAs for widening the identification of biomarkers from non-degenerative to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, further advances in the genetic characteristics of lncRNAs are expected to lead to diagnostic accuracy during disease progression. In this review, we summarized the latest studies of lncRNAs in TBI as a non-degenerative disease and discussed their potential limitations for clinical treatment.

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Dabrowski, Wojciech, Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba, Malgorzata Gasinska-Blotniak, Sami Zaid, Maja Jezierska, Cezary Pakulski, Shawniqua Williams Roberson, Eugene Wesley Ely, and Katarzyna Kotfis. "Pathomechanisms of Non-Traumatic Acute Brain Injury in Critically Ill Patients." Medicina 56, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56090469.

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Delirium, an acute alteration in mental status characterized by confusion, inattention and a fluctuating level of arousal, is a common problem in critically ill patients. Delirium prolongs hospital stay and is associated with higher mortality. The pathophysiology of delirium has not been fully elucidated. Neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalance seem to be the most important factors for delirium development. In this review, we present the most important pathomechanisms of delirium in critically ill patients, such as neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, hypoxia and hyperoxia, tryptophan pathway disorders, and gut microbiota imbalance. A thorough understanding of delirium pathomechanisms is essential for effective prevention and treatment of this underestimated pathology in critically ill patients.

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D'Agostino, Robyn, Alexandra Kursinskis, Priti Parikh, Peter Letarte, Laura Harmon, and Gregory Semon. "Management of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury: Operative versus Non-Operative Intervention." Journal of Surgical Research 257 (January 2021): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.07.046.

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Trickey, Kimberley, Laura Hornby, Sam D. Shemie, and Jeanne Teitelbaum. "Mechanism of Death after Decompressive Craniectomy in Non-Traumatic Brain Injury." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, no. 1 (December 5, 2016): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.320.

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AbstractDecompressive craniectomy (DC) after devastating brain injury (DBI) may influence the manner in which patients die, having implications for end-of-life care and organ donation. We performed a retrospective review of deaths following a non-traumatic DBI between 2008 and 2012. 160 patients were reviewed; 26 were treated with DC and 134 received standard care. There was no relationship between DC and mechanism of death, (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.44-3.17). Prospective studies are required to confirm these preliminary finding. DC studies should report the mechanism of death.

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Corral, Luisa, Casimiro F. Javierre, Josep L. Ventura, Pilar Marcos, José I. Herrero, and Rafael Mañez. "Impact of non-neurological complications in severe traumatic brain injury outcome." Critical Care 16, no. 2 (2012): R44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc11243.

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McGuire, Lynanne M., Richard G. Burright, Richard Williams, and Peter J. Donovick. "Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in psychiatric and non-psychiatric subjects." Brain Injury 12, no. 3 (January 1998): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026990598122683.

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McFadden, Kristina L., Kyle M. Healy, Miranda L. Dettmann, Jesse T. Kaye, Tiffany A. Ito, and Theresa D. Hernández. "Acupressure as a Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)." Journal of Neurotrauma 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1515.

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de Koning, Myrthe E., Myrthe E. Scheenen, Harm J. van der Horn, Gerard Hageman, Gerwin Roks, Jacoba M. Spikman, and Joukje van der Naalt. "Non-Hospitalized Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Forgotten Minority." Journal of Neurotrauma 34, no. 1 (January 2017): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4377.

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Kmiec, J. A., B. A. Holshouser, S. Ashwal, and C. Sheridan. "PREDICTING NEUROLOGICAL OUTCOME AFTER NON-ACCIDENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDREN." Journal of Investigative Medicine 52 (January 2004): S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042871-200401001-00540.

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Bindra, Ashish, Ankur Khandelwal, Amarjyoti Hazarika, Shweta Kedia, and Girija P. Rath. "Non- Neurological Complications after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Observational Study." Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 22, no. 9 (2018): 632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_156_18.

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Li, Amy, Folefac D. Atem, Aardhra M. Venkatachalam, Arianna Barnes, Sonja E. Stutzman, and DaiWai M. Olson. "Admission Glasgow Coma Scale Score as a Predictor of Outcome in Patients Without Traumatic Brain Injury." American Journal of Critical Care 30, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2021163.

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Background The Glasgow Coma Scale was developed in 1974 as an injury severity score to assess and predict outcome after traumatic brain injury. The tool is now used to score depth of impaired consciousness in patients with and without traumatic brain injury. However, evidence supporting the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale in the latter group is limited. Objective To assess Glasgow Coma Scale score on hospital admission as a predictor of outcome in patients without traumatic brain injury. Methods This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 3507 patients admitted to 4 hospitals between October 2015 and October 2019. Patients with a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury were excluded from this study. Results The mean age of the 3507 participants in the study was 57 years. Participants were primarily female (52%), White (77%), and non-Hispanic (89%). On admission, 90% of patients had a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3 and 72% had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 15 (mild injury). Generalized estimating equation modeling indicated that admission Glasgow Coma Scale score did not predict modified Rankin Scale score at discharge in patients not diagnosed with traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score <8: z = −7.89, P < .001; Glasgow Coma Scale score 8-12: z = −4.17, P < .001). Conclusions The Glasgow Coma Scale is not recommended for use in patients without traumatic brain injury; clinicians should use a more appropriate and validated clinical assessment instrument for this patient population.

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TATE, R. L., and G. A. BROE. "Psychosocial adjustment after traumatic brain injury: what are the important variables?" Psychological Medicine 29, no. 3 (May 1999): 713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799008466.

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Background. The common legacy of severe degrees of traumatic brain injury is varying degrees and types of impairments, which impact significantly upon the individual's resumption of pre-morbid psychosocial roles. Yet there are few data to indicate the relative contribution of these and other non-injury related variables.Methods. Seventy individuals with varying levels of disability after severe traumatic brain injury were examined neurologically and neuropsychologically, on average at 6 years post-trauma. A range of biographical, injury, impairment and psychological variables were examined with multiple regression analyses to identify those that contributed to successful psychosocial reintegration.Results. Severity of injury and impairments, along with chronicity and level of self-esteem were significant predictors of psychosocial adjustment. Further analyses revealed that within the neuropsychological domain, the variable measuring behavioural regulation of abilities was the most significant. Examination of specific domains of psychosocial functioning (occupational activities, interpersonal relationships and independent living skills) revealed different patterns of significant predictor variables, in addition to indices of the severity of initial injury: neurophysical impairments and memory functioning predicted successful occupational activities; chronicity, cognitive speed and behavioural regulation predicted success in interpersonal relationships; and neurophysical impairments, behavioural regulation and memory functioning predicted independent living skills. Conclusions. These results reinforce the overriding importance of injury severity and neurological factors (both neurophysical as well as neuropsychological) in predicting psychosocial adjustment after traumatic brain injury. Support for the contribution of non-neurological factors was also found.

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Borg, Jörgen, Lena Holm, Paul Peloso, J. David Cassidy, Linda Carroll, Hans von Holst, Chris Paniak, and David Yates. "Non-surgical intervention and cost for mild traumatic brain injury: results of the who collaborating centre task force on mild traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 36 (February 1, 2004): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16501960410023840.

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Bennett, Rachel E., and David L. Brody. "Array tomography for the detection of non-dilated, injured axons in traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 245 (April 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.02.005.

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Kennedy, Mary R. T., and Kathryn M. Yorkston. "Accuracy of Metamemory After Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 5 (October 2000): 1072–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4305.1072.

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The primary intent of this study was to investigate the metamemory monitoring abilities of adult survivors of at least moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during a verbal-learning activity. Eighteen survivors and 18 non-injured control participants made judgment-of-learning (JOL) predictions of their recall ability immediately after studying 3 lists of noun-pairs or after a slight delay. A secondary intent of this study was to determine if verbal retrieval attempts would enhance predictive accuracy. One half of participants made retrieval attempts during the second and third list-learning task, and the other half made retrieval attempts during the third list-learning task only. Measures of the correlation between JOL predictions and recall accuracy revealed that survivors were as accurate as controls when making delayed predictions and were less accurate when making immediate predictions. This occurred regardless of retrieval attempts. Absolute measures that compared mean JOL ratings to overall recall revealed that the survivor group was well-calibrated when making delayed JOL predictions but overestimated when making immediate JOL predictions. The non-injured control group underestimated when making both types of predictions. However, within-group variability was high. These findings are compared to those from studies that investigated metamemory beliefs in which survivors' ratings were compared to family-member ratings. Clinical implications for basing executive decisions about compensatory strategies on delayed and immediate predictions of future recall are discussed. Additionally, a rationale is provided for the use of both relative and absolute measures of predictive accuracy in metamemory studies involving neurological clinical populations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-traumatic brain injury'

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