Academic literature on the topic 'Non-traumatic brain injury'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Levin, Harvey S. "Neuroplasticity following non-penetrating traumatic brain injury." Brain Injury 17, no. 8 (January 2003): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269905031000107151.
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Walcott, Brian P., Brian V. Nahed, Sameer A. Sheth, Vijay Yanamadala, James R. Caracci, and Wael F. Asaad. "Bilateral Hemicraniectomy in Non-Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury." Journal of Neurotrauma 29, no. 10 (July 2012): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2012.2382.
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Aoki, Yuta, and Ryota Inokuchi. "Diffusion tensor imaging in non-traumatic brain injury." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13336.
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Mufti, Osama, Sunu Mathew, Alon Harris, Brent Siesky, Kendall M. Burgett, and Alice Chandra Verticchio Vercellin. "Ocular changes in traumatic brain injury: A review." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119866974.
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Traumatic brain injury is represented by a penetrating or non-penetrating head injury, which causes disruption in the normal functioning of the brain. Traumatic brain injury has been an ardently debated topic of discussion due to its prevalence in media centric persons such as military personnel and athletes. Current assessments for traumatic brain injury have looked at vestibulo-ocular and vascular parameters to aid in diagnosis. Innovations in non-invasive ophthalmic imaging have allowed for the visualization of specific tissue structure/function relationships in a variety of ophthalmic and neurodegenerative diseases. As the eye and brain share significant embryological and physiological pathways, ocular imaging modalities may provide a novel and impactful tool in advancing assessment of traumatic brain injury. Herein, we examined the available literature and data on visual fields, mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, retinal ganglion cell layer thickness, and cerebral blood flow following traumatic brain injury. This review of published individual and population-based studies was performed in order to explore the feasibility and importance of considering ocular imaging biomarkers following traumatic brain injury.
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Colantonio, A., G. Gerber, M. Bayley, R. Deber, J. Yin, and H. Kim. "Differential profiles for patients with traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 43, no. 4 (2011): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0783.
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Povzun, Andrey A., Lyudmila M. Shchugareva, and Alexander S. Iova. "Increasing of assessment effectiveness of neurological evaluation in detection traumatic intracranial injures in children with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9328-33.
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Objective. To increase the effectiveness of neurological evaluation in detecting traumatic intracranial injures in children under 18 years old with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury.
Materials and methods. Clinical and clinical-sonographic evaluations of 256 patients aged 0-18 years with clinical criteria of mild traumatic brain injury were performed. Depending of detected clinical and neurological risk factors and the results of the primary clinical and sonographic examination, children were divided into two groups: group I (high or medium risk of traumatic intracranial injury) – 174 (67.9%), group II (low/no risk of traumatic intracranial injury) – 82 (32.1%). Verification of important traumatic and non-traumatic intracranial changes revealed by primary sonographic exam was confirmed by using computerized tomography.
Results and conclusion. Identification of traumatic intracranial injures by results of primary clinical examination is most effective when two or more higher or medium risk factors were detected. Application of primary clinical and sonographic examination increases diagnostic efficiency of neurological evaluation to 10.1% and the possibility of detecting traumatic intracranial injures to 57.1%. In 7.0% of cases emergency computed tomography were determined, dynamic observation was performed in 32.1% of cases. Significant non-traumatic brain diseases (cysts, hydrocephalus, congenital malformations) were diagnosed in 3.6% of cases by results primary clinical and sonographic examination.
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Turner, Grace M., Christel McMullan, Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi, Danai Bem, Tom Marshall, Melanie Calvert, Jonathan Mant, and Antonio Belli. "Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Stroke 16, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17474930211004277.
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Background Traumatic brain injury is a global health problem; worldwide, >60 million people experience a traumatic brain injury each year and incidence is rising. Traumatic brain injury has been proposed as an independent risk factor for stroke. Aims To investigate the association between traumatic brain injury and stroke risk. Summary of review We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4 December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios for studies which reported stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-traumatic brain injury control group, all found traumatic brain injury patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled hazard ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 1.46–2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-traumatic brain injury, but remains significant up to five years post-traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of traumatic brain injury. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion Traumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of traumatic brain injury severity or type. Post-traumatic brain injury review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.
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Wang, Qing-Rui, Ying-Yi Lu, Ying-Ju Su, Hao Qin, Li Zhang, Ming-Kung Wu, Cong-Liang Zhang, and Chieh-Hsin Wu. "Migraine and traumatic brain injury: a cohort study in Taiwan." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e027251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027251.
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ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury is now a major contributor to the global healthcare burden. Migraine is another debilitating disease with a global health impact. While most researchers agree that traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for migraine, whether migraine is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury still remains under debate. We therefore aimed to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for developing traumatic brain injury.Study designRetrospective population-based cohort study.SettingData for people who had been diagnosed with migraine were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsWe identified 7267 patients with newly diagnosed migraine during 1996–2010. The migraineurs to non-migraineurs ratio was set at 1:4 to enhance the power of statistical tests.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the effects of migraines on the risk of traumatic brain injury after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe overall traumatic brain injury risk was 1.78 times greater in the migraine group compared with the non-migraine group after controlling for covariates. Additionally, patients with previous diagnoses of alcohol-attributed disease, mental disorders and diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher traumatic brain injury risk compared with those with no history of these diagnoses.ConclusionsThis study of a population-based database indicated that migraine is a traumatic brain injury risk factor. Greater attention to migraine-targeted treatment modalities may reduce traumatic brain injury-related morbidity and mortality.
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Reddy, B. Ushasree, Ranabir Pal, Amrita Ghosh, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Vishnu Vardhan Reddy, and Amit Agrawal. "Tinnitus After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview." Romanian Neurosurgery 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2018-0062.
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Abstract Tinnitus is a frequent clinical feature encountered during follow up of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can be incapacitating in the long run. Literature suggests that post-TBI carries a higher psychological burden than tinnitus patients presenting with other non-traumatic or unknown etiologic. Posttraumatic tinnitus is of longer duration, frequently associated with hyperacousis and occurs in younger age group. If the symptoms are severe post-traumatic tinnitus can affect quality of life of the patients. The management of these patients needs detail evaluation and comprehensive rehabilitation plan.
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Baxendale, Sallie, Dominic Heaney, Fergus Rugg-Gunn, and Daniel Friedland. "Neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury." Practical Neurology 19, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2018-002113.
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This review examines the clinical and neuroradiological features of traumatic brain injury that are most frequently associated with persistent cognitive complaints. Neuropsychological outcomes do not depend solely on brain injury severity but result from a complex interplay between premorbid factors, the extent and nature of the underlying structural damage, the person’s neuropsychological reserve and the impact of non-neurological factors in the recovery process. Brain injury severity is only one of these factors and has limited prognostic significance with respect to neuropsychological outcome. We examine the preinjury and postinjury factors that interact with the severity of a traumatic brain injury to shape outcome trajectories. We aim to provide a practical base on which to build discussions with the patient and their family about what to expect following injury and also to plan appropriate neurorehabilitation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Carter, Bradley Graham, and n/a. "The use of somatosensory evoked potentials in the prediction of outcome in brain injured children." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070130.153020.
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This thesis describes studies assessing the ability of somatosensory evoked potentials
(SEPs) to predict outcome following severe brain injury by examining outcome and
determining the predictive value of SEPs directly and in comparison to alternative tests
in both patients and systematic reviews of the literature.
Outcome was assessed using a functional and quality of life measure. It changed over
time and was influenced by age, mechanism, timing and the type of outcome measure.
When 5 year functional outcome was used, sensitivity and specificity for the initial
SEPs were 63.2% and 93.3% with a positive predictive value of 92.3% for favourable
outcome and 66.7%, 94.7% and 90.9% for unfavourable outcome prediction. SEPs
predictive performance varied and was better in patients with 1 year outcomes, when
outcome was measured with the quality of life tool and in patients suffering hypoxicischaemic
encephalopathy. Importantly, only twelve false positives were identified in
the systematic review of 55 studies from 903 patients with bilaterally absent SEPs.
Eight of these false positives suffered focal lesions of the brain stem, large cerebral
fluid collections or recent decompressive craniectomy which cause SEPs to be absent
because of a mechanical disruption to the electrical signal.
Comparisons between SEPs and other tests in the patient cohort and wider literature
showed that SEPs were the best overall predictors of outcome but were outperformed
by some clinical tests in specific areas. Specificity for unfavourable outcome prediction
was better for ICP, CPP and the last pupillary response. In patients with any cause of
brain injury, the combination of SEPs and Motor responses provided the best
predictions for unfavourable outcome while for favourable outcome the best overall
prediction and specificity were achieved with a combination of either SEPs or Motor
responses and the best sensitivity with pupillary responses alone or a combination of
either SEPs or Pupillary responses.
The studies in this thesis provide a detailed evaluation of SEPs and showed that SEPs
have a place in the prediction of outcome, alone or in combination with existing tests.
Overall, they are superior to clinical tests and can be easily obtained at the bedside
and in the presence of pharmacological paralysis and analgesia/sedation.
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Kelley, Brian Joseph. "Diffuse Brain Injury Triggers Ultra-Rapid Perisomatic Traumatic Axonal Injury, Wallerian Change, and Non-Specific Inflammatory Responses." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1580.
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Walters-Stewart, Coren Tiffany. "Non-linear Centre of Pressure Analysis During Quiet Stance: Application to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36039.
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A quiet stance framework and a control system perspective were used to explore healthy balance and balance after mild traumatic brain injury. Linear and non-linear centre of pressure analyses were applied.
The foundation was laid by reviewing literature to understand how balance is achieved, how it is represented as a control system, what factors are known to affect balance, and the cornerstone—how to choose appropriate measures to quantify balance. To understand how mild traumatic brain injury affects the brain, a scoping review of the evolution of symptoms and effects was used to form a conceptual description. Findings described phases of functional effects that resulted from neurometabolic cascade; consequently, balance and dual-task functional effects were determined to stem from widespread not focal changes in the brain.
Subsequent studies were tailored to address gaps in knowledge. Linear and non-linear centre of pressure measures were first investigated in healthy young adults to determine what supplemental information could be provided by non-linear measures describing local stability and scaling. It was found that linear and non-linear measures were complementary in assessing balance system input-output, control, and integration. Furthermore, normative non-linear data were established for single leg and tandem stance.
Subsequently, these measures were investigated in young adults and adolescents with recent mild traumatic brain injury based on the hypothesis that altered mechanisms affecting balance would be reflected by changes in these measures. In young adults, increased complexity of short-term scaling indicated subtle changes to balance control after injury. In adolescents, linear and non-linear measures also demonstrated changes to output, control, and temporal relations of balance. Altered balance was also demonstrated while concurrently performing a Stroop task. On the whole, changes to multiple aspects of balance supported the concept of widespread effects resulting from mild traumatic brain injury.
Balance control in quiet stance was further explored using three-dimensional state space reconstruction of centre of pressure. Visual representations demonstrated that dynamic structure within centre of pressure reflected control characteristics. These control characteristics were still present after mild traumatic brain injury.
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Tisdall, M. M. "Non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy : a tool for measuring cerebral oxygenation and metabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444075/.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Modern neurocritical care management utilises several monitoring techniques to identify or predict secondary insults but many of these techniques have significant limitations. The ideal cerebral monitor would be a non-invasive system able to provide realtime quantitative haemodynamic and metabolic information at multiple sites with high temporal and spatial resolution. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) fulfils many of these requirements and has great potential as a cerebral monitoring tool. In addition to measurements of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin concentration, NIRS can monitor changes in mitochondrial redox state by measuring changes in oxidised cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) concentration. This is an attractive monitoring target as it is intimately involved in adenosine triphosphate synthesis and cellular homeostasis, yet few studies exist which investigate oxCCO concentration changes in either the normal or injured adult human brain. This thesis explores the use of NIRS, and in particular measurement of oxCCO concentration changes, for monitoring patients with TBI. Cerebral metabolism in both health and TBI is described and current monitoring tools and treatment strategies used in TBI are discussed. Studies investigating NIRS measurements in the brains of healthy volunteers during changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension are described in order to determine the ability of NIRS to detect these physiological perturbations and to characterise the resulting metabolic changes. Spectroscopic data are analysed to investigate the methodology used to calculate oxCCO concentration changes. NIRS is used to monitor patients with TBI during normobaric hyperoxygenation and non-invasively measured NIRS variables are compared with those acquired using invasive cerebral monitoring devices. Correlations are shown between non-invasive measures of mitochondrial redox state and invasive measures of cellular redox state. NIRS can monitor changes in cerebral physiology after TBI and has the potential to guide neuroprotective strategies on the neurocritical care unit.
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Girgis, Haymen Kamal. "Anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens : une vieille classe innovante pour le traitement du traumatisme crânien?" Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781633.
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En raison de la complexité de sa pathogenèse, le traumatisme crânien (TC) entraîne de nombreuses lésions cérébrales pour lesquelles il n'existe aucun traitement neuroprotecteur. Il est aujourd'hui clairement établi que la neuro-inflammation est fortement impliquée dans les conséquences post-traumatiques. Cette neuro-inflammation se manifeste entre autres par l'induction de la cyclo-oxygénase de type 2 (COX-2). Bien que plusieurs données soient en faveur d'un rôle délétère de cette enzyme au cours de ce processus dévastateur, l'implication de la COX-2 dans les lésions induites par le TC reste encore controversée. Dans un modèle du TC par percussion mécanique chez la souris, nous avons mis en évidence une augmentation précoce et transitoire du contenu cérébral en COX-2 à 6 et 12 heures après le trauma. Cette induction protéique était à l'origine d'une production accrue de la prostacycline. Cependant, l'inhibition préférentielle de COX-2 était sans effet sur l'œdème cérébral et le déficit neurologique, deux indicateurs de pertinence clinique. Ces données montrent que la COX-2 ne peut pas constituer à elle seule une cible intéressante pour le traitement des conséquences post-traumatiques malgré son induction et son activité après le trauma. Par ailleurs, nous avons montré un effet bénéfique induit par l'indométacine au niveau fonctionnel, ce qui est en faveur d'un rôle délétère des COXs dans le déficit neurologique post-traumatique. Cet effet bénéfique peut impliquer uniquement la COX-1 ou en association avec la COX-2. Ces données constituent un argument supplémentaire qui s'ajoute à plusieurs preuves récentes fournies par la littérature en faveur d'un rôle délétère de COX-1 dans la neuro-inflammation. Malheureusement, ce rôle ne pourra pas être confirmé dans notre modèle car les inhibiteurs sélectifs de COX-1 disponibles à ce jour sont inexploitables dans nos conditions expérimentales. Ce travail constitue une nouvelle piste pour évaluer l'intérêt de l'inhibition des COXs au cours de la phase précoce de la prise en charge du patient traumatisé crânien. La bonne tolérance de l'usage à court terme des inhibiteurs de COX, leur disponibilité sur le marché, leur prix abordable, leur simplicité d'administration, leurs caractéristiques pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques bien connus sont des facteurs suscitant un intérêt croissant d'élargir le spectre de leurs utilisations en clinique et de la mise en place de nouveaux essais thérapeutiques dans les années à venir.
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Schurman, Lesley D. "Spatial learning and memory in brain-injured and non-injured mice: investigating the roles of diacylglycerol lipase-α and -β." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5662.
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A growing body of evidence implicates the importance of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) in memory regulation. The biosynthesis of 2-AG occurs primarily through the diacylglycerol lipases (DAGL-α and -β), with 2-AG serving as a bioactive lipid to both activate cannabinoid receptors and as a rate limiting precursor for the production of arachidonic acid and subsequent pro-inflammatory mediators. Gene deletion of DAGL-α shows decrements in synaptic plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis suggesting this biosynthetic enzyme may be important for processes of normal spatial memory. Additionally, 2-AG is elevated in response to pathogenic events such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), suggesting its regulatory role may extend to conditions of neuropathology. As such, this dissertation investigates the in vivo role of DAGL-α and -β to regulate spatial learning and memory in the healthy brain and following neuropathology (TBI).
The first part of this dissertation developed a mouse model of learning and memory impairment following TBI, using hippocampal-dependent tasks of the Morris water maze (MWM). We found modest, but distinct differences in MWM performance between left and right unilateral TBI despite similar motor deficits, histological damage, and glial reactivity. These findings suggest that laterality in mouse MWM deficit might be an important consideration when modeling TBI-induced functional consequences. The second part of this dissertation work evaluated DAGL-β as a target to protect against TBI-induced learning and memory deficit given its selective expression on microglia and the role of 2-AG as a precursor for eicosanoid production. The gene deletion of DAGL-β did not protect against TBI-induced MWM or motor deficits, but unexpectedly produced a survival protective phenotype. These findings suggest that while DAGL-β does not contribute to injury-induced memory deficit, it may contribute to TBI-induced mortality. The third and final set of experiments investigated the role of DAGL-α in mouse spatial learning and memory under physiological conditions (given the predominantly neuronal expression of DAGL-α). Complementary pharmacological and genetic manipulations produced task specific impaired MWM performance, as well as impaired long-term potentiation and alterations to endocannabinoid lipid levels. These results suggest that DAGL-α may play a selective role in the integration of new spatial information in the normal mouse brain.
Overall, these data point to DAGL-α, but not DAGL-β, as an important contributor to hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. In contrast, DAGL-β may contribute to TBI-induced mortality.
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Drapeau, Joanie. "Traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales à la suite d’un traumatisme craniocérébral." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15943.
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Le traitement des émotions joue un rôle essentiel dans les relations interpersonnelles. Des déficits dans la reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales et vocales ont été démontrés à la suite d’un traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC). Toutefois, la majorité des études n’ont pas différencié les participants selon le niveau de gravité du TCC et n’ont pas évalué certains préalables essentiels au traitement émotionnel, tels que la capacité à percevoir les caractéristiques faciales et vocales, et par le fait même, la capacité à y porter attention. Aucune étude ne s’est intéressée au traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions musicales, alors que la musique est utilisée comme méthode d’intervention afin de répondre à des besoins de prise en charge comportementale, cognitive ou affective chez des personnes présentant des atteintes neurologiques. Ainsi, on ignore si les effets positifs de l’intervention musicale sont basés sur la préservation de la reconnaissance de certaines catégories d’émotions évoquées par les expressions musicales à la suite d’un TCC.
La première étude de cette thèse a évalué la reconnaissance des émotions de base (joie, tristesse, peur) évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales chez quarante et un adultes (10 TCC modéré-sévère, 9 TCC léger complexe, 11 TCC léger simple et 11 témoins), à partir de tâches expérimentales et de tâches perceptuelles contrôles. Les résultats suggèrent un déficit de la reconnaissance de la peur évoquée par les expressions faciales à la suite d’un TCC modéré-sévère et d’un TCC léger complexe, comparativement aux personnes avec un TCC léger simple et sans TCC. Le déficit n’est pas expliqué par un trouble perceptuel sous-jacent. Les résultats montrent de plus une préservation de la reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les expressions vocales et musicales à la suite d’un TCC, indépendamment du niveau de gravité. Enfin, malgré une dissociation observée entre les performances aux tâches de reconnaissance des émotions évoquées par les modalités visuelle et auditive, aucune corrélation n’a été trouvée entre les expressions vocales et musicales.
La deuxième étude a mesuré les ondes cérébrales précoces (N1, N170) et plus tardives (N2) de vingt-cinq adultes (10 TCC léger simple, 1 TCC léger complexe, 3 TCC modéré-sévère et 11 témoins), pendant la présentation d’expressions faciales évoquant la peur, la neutralité et la joie. Les résultats suggèrent des altérations dans le traitement attentionnel précoce à la suite d’un TCC, qui amenuisent le traitement ultérieur de la peur évoquée par les expressions faciales.
En somme, les conclusions de cette thèse affinent notre compréhension du traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales, vocales et musicales à la suite d’un TCC selon le niveau de gravité. Les résultats permettent également de mieux saisir les origines des déficits du traitement des émotions évoquées par les expressions faciales à la suite d’un TCC, lesquels semblent secondaires à des altérations attentionnelles précoces. Cette thèse pourrait contribuer au développement éventuel d’interventions axées sur les émotions à la suite d’un TCC.Emotional processing plays a crucial role in social interactions. Deficits in recognizing emotions from facial and vocal expressions have been established following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, most studies did not look at the effect of TBI severity and did not evaluate essential prerequisites to efficiently recognize emotions, such as the ability to perceive facial and vocal features, and thereby, the ability to pay attention to them. No study has looked at emotional recognition from musical expressions following TBI, whereas musical intervention can be used to address behavioral, cognitive and affective issues in neurological populations. Thus, it is unknown whether therapeutic effects could be based on the preservation of emotional recognition from musical expressions following TBI. The first study assessed recognition of basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear) from dynamic facial, vocal and musical expressions in forty-one adults (10 moderate-severe TBI 9 complicated mild TBI, 11 uncomplicated mild TBI and 11 healthy controls), who were administered experimental and perceptual control tasks. Findings indicate impairment in fearful facial expressions recognition following moderate-severe TBI and complicated mild TBI, as compared to adults having sustained an uncomplicated mild TBI and healthy controls. Impairment is not explained by a perceptual disorder. Results also show that emotional recognition from vocal and musical expressions is preserved following TBI, irrespective of severity. Despite a dissociation observed between performance of emotional recognition tasks from visual and auditory modalities, no relationship was found between vocal and musical expressions. The second study measured early (N1, N170) and later (N2) neural information processing underlying emotional recognition from facial expressions in twenty-five adults (10 uncomplicated mild TBI, 1 complicated mild TBI, 3 moderate-severe TBI and 11 healthy controls) during presentation of fearful, neutral and happy facial expressions. Findings indicate reduced early attentional processing following TBI, which impede higher-level cognitive stage enabling discrimination of fearful facial expressions. In sum, this thesis contributes to further improve our comprehension of emotional recognition from facial, vocal and musical expressions following TBI, according to injury severity. It also contributes to understand mechanisms underlying affected emotional recognition from facial expressions, which seem to arise as a consequence of reduced early attentional processing following TBI. This thesis could help to eventually refine interventions for emotional processing following a TBI.
Books on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Evans, Charlotte, Anne Creaton, Marcus Kennedy, and Terry Martin, eds. Neurology and neurosurgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722168.003.0012.
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Neurological and neurosurgical emergencies require a time-critical response from retrieval services. Critical care interventions must be performed efficiently and the patient transferred to definitive care for intervention. Retrieval practitioners have a big role to play in preventing secondary brain injury by instituting neuroprotective measures early to ensure the best possible outcomes. Close monitoring is required to detect complications such as seizures and rising intracranial pressure. Skilled assessment and management of traumatic and non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage is core business for retrieval services. New interventions for acute stroke have developed, further highlighting the requirement to get the right patient to the right facility at the right time. It is acknowledged that critical care interventions are not always appropriate for all patients. Local clinicians must also be supported by retrieval services to provide end of life care locally.
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Evans, Charlotte, Anne Creaton, Marcus Kennedy, and Terry Martin, eds. Bariatric retrieval. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722168.003.0015.
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Neurological and neurosurgical emergencies require a time-critical response from retrieval services. Critical care interventions must be performed efficiently and the patient transferred to definitive care for intervention. Retrieval practitioners have a big role to play in preventing secondary brain injury by instituting neuroprotective measures early, to ensure the best possible outcomes. Close monitoring is required to detect complications such as seizures and rising intracranial pressure. Skilled assessment and management of traumatic and non-traumatic intracranial haemorrhage is core business for retrieval services. New interventions for acute stroke have developed, further highlighting the requirement to get the right patient to the right facility at the right time. It is acknowledged that critical care interventions are not always appropriate for all patients. Local clinicians must also be supported by retrieval services to provide end of life care locally.
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Lanctot, Krista, and André Aleman. Apathy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198841807.001.0001.
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Apathy is characterized by loss of motivation, decreased initiative, and emotional blunting. It is highly prevalent in neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, cerebrovascular disorders, and mild behavioural impairment. It has negative outcomes including impairments in activities of daily living, caregiver burden, and higher rates of institutionalization and mortality. The definition of apathy has changed over the years alongside the development of diagnostic criteria and apathy scales and measurements. Apathy is emerging as a treatment target with interest in pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments for apathy. There is also an increased understanding of the neurobiology of apathy with functional and structural neuroimaging research studies. This book is a comprehensive, in-depth review from experts in neurology and psychiatry. It examines the current state of apathy in these various disorders while also summarizing apathy diagnostic criteria, scales and measurements, neuropathology, and treatments.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Frigieri, G., R. A. P. Andrade, C. Dias, D. L. Spavieri, R. Brunelli, D. A. Cardim, C. C. Wang, R. M. M. Verzola, and S. Mascarenhas. "Analysis of a Non-invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Method in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury." In Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 107–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65798-1_23.
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Agrawal, Niruj. "Brain injury." In Oxford Textbook of Neuropsychiatry, edited by Niruj Agrawal, Rafey Faruqui, and Mayur Bodani, 171–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757139.003.0016.
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Acquired brain injuries (ABIs) can be categorized as traumatic or non-traumatic brain injuries. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), sub-classified as either open or closed TBIs, depending on whether there is a fracture of the skull or a breach of the dura mater, are typically caused by a physical impact such as blunt trauma or a fall. Non-TBIs can be caused by cerebrovascular events, infections, or chemical factors. This chapter predominantly focuses on TBIs, exploring techniques to measure their extent, such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the aetiology of TBIs. Moreover, the long-term effects of TBIs are explored, such as anxiety disorders which often present themselves in their aftermath and the likelihood for TBI-induced personality change. The associated effects of non-TBIs are then examined, specifically with reference to anoxic brain injuries and those induced by drugs or alcohol.
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von, Hans, and Svein Kleive. "The Non Invasive Brain Injury Evaluation, NIBIE – A New Image Technology for Studying the Mechanical Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury." In Traumatic Brain Injury. InTech, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57344.
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Costine-Bartell, Beth A., and Ann-Christine Duhaime. "Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury." In Pediatric Neurosurgery, 93–100. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617073.003.0011.
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Inflicted traumatic brain injury may present with otherwise unexplained seizures or with subtle neurological impairment. Evaluation should include assessment for non-traumatic etiologies including infection, thrombosis, coagulopathy, and metabolic disorders. A complete skeletal survey and retinal examination are essential components to an evaluation of suspected inflicted injury, and collaboration with child protection experts should be undertaken. Early MR imaging may be helpful for establishing the extent of injury, prognosis, and need for aggressive management to limit progression of the injury. The neurosurgeon should be one of the many clinicians talking to the family. Families respond best when Child Protection Services is involved from the start and can react more negatively if this new team is introduced days into the hospital stay.
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Adelman, Rebecca A. "Economies of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury." In Figuring Violence, 137–77. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823281671.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the mediation of combat trauma and the reshaping of the people who have experienced it into receptacles for gratitude, pity, and anger. Building from a brief history of PTSD and TBI as diagnostic categories and objects of administrative calculation, the chapter explores how these conditions have become sites of affective investment. Reflecting on the ubiquitous mandate to ‘say thank you to the troops,’ the chapter historicizes the militarization of gratitude. This informs the subsequent analysis of the work of various charitable organizations for veterans. The chapter then analyzes the exacting standards by which the Department of Defense awards Purple Hearts for Traumatic Brain Injury (but refuses them for PTSD). In contrast to the DoD’s decidedly unsympathetic approach to PTSD, David Finkel’s bestselling non-fiction account Thank You for Your Service tracks how PTSD plays out, often violently, in domestic spaces. That book makes PTSD visible through intensely emotional scenes, while research efforts to make TBI clinically legible search for specific signs of the injury on posthumously donated brain tissue. The concluding section offers a different vantage on TBI, reflecting on veterans’ own efforts to make their brains visible to others.
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Kay, Andrew, Desiderio Rodrigues, Melanie Sharp, and Guirish Solanki. "Special considerations in paediatric head and spinal trauma." In Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery, edited by Ramez W. Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter J. A. Hutchinson, 999–1008. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0087.
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This chapter focuses on the special considerations in paediatric head and spinal trauma. Anatomical, physiological, and mechanical differences in the developing paediatric brain create a unique pattern and epidemiology of traumatic brain injury and spinal injury. Management needs to be adapted to allow for such differences. Traumatic brain injury management tailored to the paediatric population will be covered. In this chapter, injuries unique to the paediatric population will be outlined including non-accidental injuries, growing fractures, and ping pong fractures. Spinal injury considerations including craniocervical and axial trauma, as well as SCIWORA in the paediatric population will also be covered here.
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LaPlaca, Michelle C. "Bioengineering in Brain Trauma Research." In Neurotrauma, edited by Dafin Muresanu, Codruta Barle, Ioana Muresanu, Cezara Costin, Johannes Vester, Alexandru Rafila, Olivia Rosu, and Dana Slavoaca, 347–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190279431.003.0028.
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The study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) encompasses research spanning from injury prevention to clinical interventions, all of which have been influenced by bioengineering. Bioengineering uses quantitative analyses and problem-solving skills to approach the complexity of many areas of neurotrauma research including injury biomechanics, imaging, biomarkers, and data analytics. This chapter presents basic bioengineering concepts, highlights significant contributions to neurotrauma research, and discusses opportunities in the field that may lend themselves to bioengineering solutions. The intention of the author is to promote an appreciation of engineering and to catalyze problem-solving among readers, engineers and non-engineers alike.
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Reuber, Markus, Gregg H. Rawlings, and Steven C. Schachter. "Clinical Psychologist, 3 years’ experience, UK." In Non-Epileptic Seizures in Our Experience, edited by Markus Reuber, Gregg H. Rawlings, and Steven C. Schachter, 215–18. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190927752.003.0074.
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This chapter focuses on the experience of a clinical psychologist when working with a 22-year-old woman who has epileptic seizures and psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES) following a severe traumatic brain injury as a child. Part of the challenge the Psychologist faced was to find out how the patient’s NES had been previously formulated, understood, and treated, and how these interventions had helped. The patient had previously attended sixteen individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) sessions, but there had been inconsistency between strategies used in sessions and strategies used in the patient’s school and family home. To some extent, it seemed that the patient’s family had been protecting her from the world, in case a NES were to occur. This, however, was contributing to the patient’s anxiety and sense that she would never be able to live the independent and “normal” life she wanted. In addition, the patient’s brain injury had a significant impact on her inhibitory control and emotional regulation, which contributed to the NES themselves. The Psychologist found Reuber and Brown’s Integrative Cognitive Model of NES extremely helpful when trying to make sense of the NES and design an intervention.
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"Associated specialties." In Paediatric Surgery, edited by Mark Davenport and Paolo De Coppi, 467–500. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198798699.003.0012.
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This chapter covers other specialties that can overlap with paediatric surgery. It covers, therefore, gynaecology, cleft lip and palate surgery, otorhinolaryngology, orthopaedics, cardiology, neurosurgery, and vascular malformations. Among the specific subjects within are labial adhesions and ovarian cysts; choanal atresia, dermoid cysts, obstructive sleep apnoea, tonsillitis, laryngomalacia, airway foreign bodies and tracheostomy; the ‘limping child’, developmental dysplasia of the hip and slipped capital femoral epiphysis; cardiac failure and arrhythmias in children, and endocarditis; ventricular shunts, hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, brain tumours and abscesses; and finally haemangiomas and vascular tumours. The sections are written by specialists in the field with the non-specialist in mind.
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. "Anxiety Following Concussion." In Concussion, edited by Brian Hainline, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres, 105–10. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.003.0016.
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Anxiety symptoms are common following concussion but do not indicate more severe brain injury. In the acute post-concussion state, it is common to feel irritable, more emotional, and to have difficulty falling asleep, which are non-specific symptoms commonly observed in anxiety disorders. Concussion injuries sometimes occur in a psychically charged environment, which may potentiate acute anxiety disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder. These disorders can then potentiate prolonged post-concussion persistent symptoms. It is important to differentiate between post-concussion anxiety symptoms and the development of an anxiety disorder. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management, as needed, should address the specific anxiety manifestations.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar, Yabo Guan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Experimental Study on Non-Exit Ballistic Induced Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176407.
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Ballistic-induced traumatic brain injury remains the most severe type of injury with the highest rate of fatality. Yet, its injury biomechanics remains the least understood. Ballistic injury biomechanics studies have been mostly focused on the trunk and extremities using large gelatin blocks with unconstrained boundaries [1, 2]. Results from these investigations are not directly applicable to brain injuries studies because the human head is smaller and the soft brain is enclosed in a relatively rigid cranium. Thali et al. developed a “skin-skull-brain” model to reproduce gunshot wounds to the head for forensic purposes [3]. These studies focused on wound morphology to the skull rather than brain injury. Watkins et al. used human dry skulls filled with gelatin and investigated temporary cavities and pressure change [4]. However, the frame rate of the cine X-ray was too slow to describe the cavity dynamics, and pressures were only quantified at the center of skull. In addition, the ordnance gelatin used in these studies is not the most suitable simulant to model brain material because of differences in dynamic moduli [5]. Sylgard gel (Dow Corning Co., Midland, MI) demonstrates similar behavior as the brain and has been used as a brain surrogate to determine brain deformations under blunt impact loading [6, 7]. Zhang et al. used the simulant for ballistic brain injury and investigated the correlation between temporary cavity pulsation and pressure change [8, 9]. However, the skulls used in these models were not as rigid as the human cranium. The presence of a stronger cranial bone may significantly decrease the projectile velocity and change the kinematics of cavity and pressure distribution in the cranium. In addition, projectiles perforated through the models in these studies. Patients with through-and-through perforating gunshot wounds to the head have a greater fatality rate than patients with non-exit penetrating wounds [10]. Therefore, it is more clinically relevant to investigate non-exit ballistic traumatic brain injuries. Consequently, the current study is designed to investigate the brain injury biomechanics from non-exit penetrating projectile using an appropriately sized and shaped physical head model.
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Huang, Shi-Min, Mohammad-Reza Tofighi, and Arye Rosen. "Novel microwave techniques for non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring following traumatic brain injury." In 2014 IEEE Benjamin Franklin Symposium on Microwave and Antenna Sub-systems for Radar, Telecommunications, and Biomedical Applications (BenMAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/benmas.2014.7529466.
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Przekwas, Andrzej, V. C. Chancey, X. G. Tan, Z. J. Chen, P. Wilkerson, A. Zhou, V. Harrand, C. Imielinska, and D. Reeves. "Development of Physics-Based Model and Experimental Validation of Helmet Performance in Blast Wave TBI." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206839.
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Explosive devices are the main weapon of terrorist attacks and a cause of major injuries to Soldiers and civilians. Recent military medical statistics show that a significant percentage of Soldiers injured in explosion events endures blast wave traumatic brain injury (BW-TBI). In the last few years, better understandings of BW-TBI mechanisms and of improved injury protection have become of paramount importance. Most studies have taken the conventional approach of animal testing, in vitro brain tissue study, and analysis of clinical data. These, while useful and necessary, are slow, expensive, and often non-conclusive. Physiology-based mathematical modeling tools of blast wave brain injury will provide a complementary capability to study both BW-TBI mechanisms and the effectiveness of protective armor.
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Hsu, Andrea, Brian Hardy, Veronica Eliasson, Zach Bernstein, Dylan Campos, Kara Scheu, and Timothy Graves. "Non-Penetrative Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: Visualization of Representative Human Skull and Brain Response to Shock and Blast Loading." In 41st AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3721.
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Iliopoulos, Athanasios P., John G. Michopoulos, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Kirubel Teferra, and Siddiq Qidwai. "Towards Model Order Reduction for Uncertainty Propagation in Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67556.
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The present work describes the initial steps of developing a computational framework aiming to facilitate uncertainty quantification and propagation in non-linear computational models capable of predicting the dynamic response of blast-impacted human head assemblies. This work is motivated by the need to address the effects that the variables participating in such events have with respect to the severity and type of traumatic brain injury. Since high dimensional models are computationally very expensive, we have decided to incorporate model hyperreduction to enable the solution of the problem using reasonable computational resources, for the purpose of sampling the uncertainty of the parameters associated with the physics of the problem. We present an application of the adopted method for a simplified head assembly under blast-induced shock conditions, and a comparison between the high dimensional and hyperreduced results.
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Sotudeh-Chafi, M., N. Abolfathi, A. Nick, V. Dirisala, G. Karami, and M. Ziejewski. "A Multi-Scale Finite Element Model for Shock Wave-Induced Axonal Brain Injury." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192342.
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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) involve a significant portion of human injuries resulting from a wide range of civilian accidents as well as many military scenarios. Axonal damage is one of the most common and important pathologic features of traumatic brain injury. Axons become brittle when exposed to rapid deformations associated with brain trauma. Accordingly, rapid stretch of axons can damage the axonal cytoskeleton, resulting in a loss of elasticity and impairment of axoplasmic transport. Subsequent swelling of the axon occurs in discrete bulb formations or in elongated varicosities that accumulate organelles. Ultimately, swollen axons may become disconnected [1]. The shock waves generated by a blast, subject all the organs in the head to displacement, shearing and tearing forces. The brain is especially vulnerable to these forces — the fronts of compressed air waves cause rapid forward or backward movements of the head, so that the brain rattles against the inside of the skull. This can cause subdural hemorrhage and contusions. The forces exerted on the brain by shock waves are known to damage axons in the affected areas. This axonal damage begins within minutes of injury, and can continue for hours or days following the injury [2]. Shock waves are also known to damage the brain at the subcellular level, but exactly how remains unclear. Kato et al., [3] described the effects of a small controlled explosion on rats’ brain tissue. They found that high pressure shock waves led to contusions and hemorrhage in both cortical and subcortical brain regions. Based on their result, the threshold for shock wave-induced brain injury is speculated to be under 1 MPa. This is the first report to demonstrate the pressure-dependent effect of shock wave on the histological characteristics of brain tissue. An important step in understanding the primary blast injury mechanism due to explosion is to translate the global head loads to the loading conditions, and consequently damage, of the cells at the local level and to project cell level and tissue level injury criteria towards the level of the head. In order to reach this aim, we have developed a multi-scale non-linear finite element modeling to bridge the micro- and macroscopic scales and establish the connection between microstructure and effective behavior of brain tissue to develop acceptable injury threshold. Part of this effort has been focused on measuring the shock waves created from a blast, and studying the response of the brain model of a human head exposed to such an environment. The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) and Fluid/Solid Interactions (FSI) formulation have been used to model the brain-blast interactions. Another part has gone into developing a validated fiber-matrix based micro-scale model of a brain tissue to reproduce the effective response and to capturing local details of the tissue’s deformations causing axonal injury. The micro-model of the axon and matrix is characterized by a transversely isotropic viscoelastic material and the material model is formulated for numerical implementation. Model parameters are fit to experimental frequency response of the storage and loss modulus data obtained and determined using a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizing method. The results from macro-scale model are used in the micro-scale brain tissue to study the effective behavior of this tissue under injury-based loadings. The research involves the development of a tool providing a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the brain tissue against blast loads and a rational multi-scale approach for driving injury criteria.
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Sundaramurthy, A., and N. Chandra. "Development of Finite Element Rat Head Model to Study the Effect of Incident Pressure and Skull Rigidity Under Blast-Induced Biomechanical Loading." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14797.
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Blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) cause traumatic brain injury (TBI) in soldiers and civilians. Currently, in vivo animal models are extensively used to study blast TBI, to identify mechanisms of injury, and to develop injury thresholds. This work focuses on the study of the effect of Incident Pressure (IP), skull rigidity on the measured Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and maximum principle strain measured on the skull using a validated finite element model of the rat head. Our results indicate that the ICP has a negative correlation with the skull rigidity; i.e., with increase in the skull rigidity the ICP tends to decrease. Similarly, ICP linearly increases with an increase in the IP. Finally, the strain has a negative non linear relationship with the skull rigidity.
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Fazel Bakhsheshi, Mohammad, Lynn Keenliside, and Ting-Yim Lee. "Temperature Monitoring With Zero Heat Flux Technology in Comparison With Thermocouple Needle Probe During Selective Hypothermia." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6930.
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Hypothermia (brain temperature < 35°C) shows great promise to minimize neural damage in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest and traumatic head injuries.[1, 2] However, cooling the whole body below 33–34°C can induce severe complications.[3] Arrhythmia, infection and primary coagulopathy are the most commonly noted complications.[3] We have developed a Selective Brain Cooling (SBC) approach which can be initiated early after injury, induces rapid cooling and maintains the target brain temperature over an extended period of time before slowly rewarming without significantly affecting the core body temperature.[4] In our experiments, brain temperature was measured invasively by inserting a thermocouple probe into the brain parenchyma, which measured brain temperature accurately but is invasive, making it unsuitable for most patients. Invasive intracranial probe also can have complications such as intracranial hemorrhage or hematoma and infection.[5] Accordingly, the clinical adaptation of our SBC technique requires a reliable, non-invasive and accurate method for measuring local brain temperature so that cooling and rewarming rate can be controlled during targeted temperature management.
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Yap, Tze Yeen, Carl A. Nelson, Deepta Ghate, Vikas Gulati, Shan Fan, Sachin Kedar, Meghal Gagrani, et al. "Design of a Portable Venomanometer System for Episcleral Venous Pressure Measurement." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9021.
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Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been considered a precarious health issue especially within the military population. Research has shown that early treatment of TBI could reduce possible neurocognitive injury. However, the nature of military triage has created challenges for early TBI detection. Intracranial pressure (ICP), which is used as a biomarker of outcomes in TBI, is not only expensive to measure but is also invasive and requires specialized surgical and procedural skills. Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) was proven to be a good alternative biomarker to ICP. However, the current technology in measuring EVP is not portable, and requires a skilled operator with a slit-lamp for testing. Moreover, the measurement is highly subjective and depends on the operator’s skill and technique. Therefore, there is a critical need for alternative technology for non-clinical TBI diagnosis. In this paper, we present an improved venomanometer design for measuring EVP in the field.
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Vijaywargi, V., R. Proffitt, P. Mane, K. Mossi, K. Ward, and M. Lenhardt. "PVDF Sensor: Design and Development for Use as Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Device." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1271.
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The brain is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, and when a brain tumor or a traumatic brain injury has occurred, intracranial pressure, ICP, is developed. Monitoring ICP non-invasively is a challenge. Currently, a probe is inserted through the skull, running the risk of infection, bleeding, and damage to the brain tissue with residual neurologic effects. A novel method to measure ICP using actuators and sensors has been proposed where the skull is vibrated at high frequencies and the receiving signal is measured at the surface eyelid. A design of experiments approach is used to develop the sensor part of the ICP monitoring device so that gain can be maximized using factors such as area, thickness, electrode, and applied pressure. In addition, sensor packaging is optimized to minimize dampening of the signal and ensure durability, reliability, and repeatability of the measurements. Results of this study showed that for a range of areas and thicknesses with Cu-Ni electrodes packaged with super strength durable tape are the optimum factors for the ICP sensor. These parameters are then incorporated into a design that allows ease of application and consistency of the measurements.
Reports on the topic "Non-traumatic brain injury"
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Xu, Mingmin, Yu Guo, Yulong Wei, Lu Wang, Xiumei Feng, Yue Chen, and Jian Yan. Non-pharmacological interventions for depressive disorder in patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI): a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.8.0022.
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