Journal articles on the topic 'Non-timber forest'
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1
Godoy, Ricardo. "Non-Timber Forest Products." Conservation Biology 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010208-3.x.
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Poudel, Narayan Raj, Nobuhiko Fuwa, and Keijiro Otsuka. "The impacts of a community forestry program on forest conditions, management intensity and revenue generation in the Dang district of Nepal." Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000473.
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AbstractA growing literature documents the positive impact of community management on non-timber forest conservation but not on the condition of timber forests, which require higher management intensity than do non-timber forests. Using ground-level data of the age composition of trees and the management activities of timber forests and applying a rigorous econometric technique to deal with the endogeneity of handing over forest use rights to the community, we find that a longer period of community management is associated with a higher density of pole-size trees, indicating that community management facilitates the rehabilitation of timber forests. We also find that population pressure leads to deforestation under state management but encourages forest management under community management.
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Adellea, Alitsha Jasmine. "PENEGAKAN HUKUM ADMINISTRASI NEGARA TERHADAP IZIN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 41 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG KEHUTANAN." Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/islrev.v3i2.47249.
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Forests are very important in the life and environmental conservation that management needs to be improved in order to realize the role and function optimally. The method used is normative research method is a procedure of scientific research to find out the truth based on scientific logic of the normative legal. As for the forest management permit consists of; forest utilization license, permit utilization of environmental services, permits for harvesting timber and non- timber, each of the production forests and protected areas and permit utilization of timber and non-timber forest production.
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Rawat, R., and Vaneet Jishtu. "Non-timber forest produces from Western Himalayan Forests." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-q5hk3x.
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The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Produces, viz. fibres, floss, grasses, bamboos, canes, essential oils, oil seeds, tannins, dyes, gums, resins, medicines, spices, edible wild plants, animal and mineral products from Western Himalayan forests.
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Vrabcová, Pavla, Andreas Nikodemus, and Miroslav Hájek. "Utilization of Forest Resources and Socio‑Economic Development in Uukolonkadhi Community Forest of Namibia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 1 (2019): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967010197.
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The project for community forest of Namibia has a mandate to ensure that rural communities manage and utilize forest resources sustainably in order to promote socio‑economic development. Despite the absence of true forests from Namibia, which makes it difficult for timber industry to grow, there is still an abundance of non‑timber forest products in Namibian forests. This research aimed at assessing the monetary value of non‑timber forest products in Uukolonkadhi Community Forest. The research covered the period of five production years. The value of nine selected non‑timber forest products was given in monetary terms. The results reveal that there is a potential to generate monetary income from community forests products. However, due to erratic climatic conditions, there are fluctuations in the income generation, most especially from the products that are directly dependent on the rainfall. Harvesting permits for poles was observed to be the main source of income. Some of the major observed challenges facing the project of community forest were the high level of illiteracy among the management staff. Therefore, it is of vital importance that more qualified foresters and forestry technicians are hired and allocated to all community forests. Furthermore, adequate funds are needed from the government and donors to support incentives and forest activities in community forests.
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Costa, Jessica Gomes, Philip Martin Fearnside, Igor Oliveira, Liana Oighenstein Anderson, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e. Cruz de Aragão, Marllus Rafael Negreiros Almeida, Francisco Salatiel Clemente, et al. "Forest Degradation in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon: Impact on Tree Species of Economic Interest and Traditional Use." Fire 6, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6060234.
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Amazonian biodiversity has been used for generations by human populations, especially by Indigenous peoples and traditional communities in their cultural, social and economic practices. However, forest degradation, driven by forest fires, has threatened the maintenance of these resources. This study examined the effects of recent forest fires on species with timber, non-timber and multiple-use potential in Brazil’s state of Acre. Forest inventories in five forest types were analyzed, identifying species with timber, non-timber and multiple-use potential based on a review of existing scientific articles, books and studies in the technical literature. The indicators of the effect of forest fires on species density were based on the mean and standard deviation of tree density and absolute abundance. We found that 25% of the tree individuals have potential for use by humans, 12.6% for timber, 10.7% non-timber and 1.4% have multiple-use potential. With the negative impact of fire, the reduction in timber, non-timber and multiple-use potential can range from 2 to 100%, depending on the vegetation type and especially on the recurrence of fire. However, even in forests that are degraded by fire, species that are useful to humans can be maintained to a certain degree and contribute to other environmental services, thus they must be preserved.
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Jadhav, Dinesh. "Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from tribal inhabited localities of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2019-ia6p4m.
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Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) refer to all biological materials other than timber, which are collected from natural forests for human use, viz. tannin, dyes, gum, resins, medicines, fodder, forage, oil seeds, edible wild plants, fibres, etc. The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from tribal inhabited localities of Ratlam district (M.P.)
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Šišák, L. "Forest visitors' opinions on the importance of forest operations, forest functions and sourcesof their financing." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 6 (July 7, 2011): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/135/2010-jfs.
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The survey was conducted in three selected areas of the Czech Republic in 2008, with the results processed in 2009. Forests visitors received inquiry forms (face to face interviews, random sample). The total number of visitors on 8 survey days was 7,369. The total number of filled-in questionnaires in the three areas was 1,122. Tree planting and tree protection are considered as the most important forest operations, followed by road and stream bank maintenance. On the contrary, timber transport and harvesting are considered as the least important activities. The nature-protecting function is considered as the most important forest function, followed by soil-conservation, climatic, hydrological and health (recreational) functions. Timber production and non-timber production are the least important functions according to the respondents. 20% of respondents claimed that increased costs needed to improve non-market forest functions, used by the visitors, should be partially or fully financed from the timber sales revenues, while only 6.5% of respondents say the costs should be partially or fully financed from payments by the users of forest functions.
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Wiyono, Wiyono, Silvi Nur Oktalina, and Rochmat Hidayat. "Analisis Rantai Pemasaran Kayu Sertfikasi FSC Di Kabupaten Kulon Progo." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Terapan (JNTT) 2, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jntt.39167.
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Forest certification is a market-based policy instrument aimed to ensuring that any traded timber is legal and derived from sustainably managed forests. Forest certification is not only applied to large scale forest management but also small scale such as community forest. This study aims: (1) to know the pattern of marketing chain of certified timber; (2) to know the actors involved in the marketing of certified timber; (3) to know the marketing constrains of certified timber faced by farmers. This research was conducted at Wana Lestari Menoreh Cooperative (KWLM) in Kulon Progo Regency. KWLM is a community forest cooperative that has successfully obtained a certificate of sustainable forest management with Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) standard since 2011. Data collection is done by: (1) in-depth interviews to actors involved in marketing of certified wood; (2) observation of each stage of certified timber marketing chain; (3) study documents related to marketing chain of certified timber. Data then analyzed descriptive method. The results show that: (1) the pattern of marketing chain of certified wood is simpler than non certified timber; (2) The actors involved in the marketing chain of certified timber are farmers, harvester, cooperation, PT SOBI, wood processing industry; (3) The major constraint faced by farmers in marketing of certified timber is a payment that do not made in cash as done by non-certified timber trader.
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Sutami, Sutami, Muhammad Mardhiansyah, and Defri Yoza. "KONTRIBUSI HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU TERHADAP PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT GHIMBO POTAI KECAMATAN KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU." JURNAL ILMU-ILMU KEHUTANAN 5, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jiik.5.2.21-26.
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Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest is a prohibited forest that has a variety of wood species and non-timber forest products used by communities around the forest, along with the times, the use of non-timber forest products began to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of non-timber forest products that are used by the community in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest and to determine the contribution of non-timber forest products to the community income around Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest . This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The number of respondents was 170 respondents from Koto Tibun Village and Pulau Tinggi Village. The result show that Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest still has non-timber forest products that can still be used such as chempedak (Artocarpus integer), petai (Parkia speciosa), long jack (Eurycomma longifolia), rattan (Calamus rotang), rambutan (Nephellium sp.), langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr), tampoi (Beccauera sp.), tempunik (Artocarpus rigidus), durian (Durio zibethinus), jelutong (Dyera costulata), terap (Artocarpus sp.), pulasan (Nephelium mutabile), dogfruit (Archidendron pauciflorum) and the eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus). The contribution of non-timber forest products in Koto Tibun Village was Rp. 596,400,000.00 per year, so the percentage of non-timber forest product revenue to total income was 19.56% and Pulau Tinggi Village no longer takes or utilizes existing non-timber forest products in Ghimbo Potai Banned Indigenous Forest .
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Duchesne, Luc C., and Suzanne Wetzel. "Managing timber and non-timber forest product resources in Canada's forests: Needs for integration and research." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78837-6.
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Non-timber forest products (NTFP) are emerging globally as a tool for the establishment of sustainable forest communities. They provide employment to various sectors of society, draw on local expertise and culture, and increase the outputs of forests. In recent years, NTFP have received accrued interest by the general public, governments and the private sectors of Canada. However, for the NTFP industry to enter mainstream Canadian industrial culture it is now critical to attempt the integration of the timber industry with the NTFP industry to benefit both sectors. NTFP can be harvested from four types of environment: wild stocks from timber-productive forests, wild stocks from non-timber-productive forests or lands, managed stocks from intensively managed forests, and domesticated stocks from agricultural systems. A large body of evidence suggests that NTFP management and harvest can serve the forest industry in many ways. There are four possible types of interaction between the NTFP and timber industries: independent resource use, competition for resources, complementary resource use and symbiotic resource use. Integration of both industries in a sustainable manner will need to be supported with research that address economic, social, policy and ecological questions. Key words: NTFP, sustainability, biodiversity, community forestry
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Thadani, Rajesh. "International Non-Timber Forest Product Issues." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 13, no. 3-4 (June 25, 2001): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v13n03_02.
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Vance, Nan C. "Research in Non-Timber Forest Products." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 13, no. 3-4 (June 25, 2001): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v13n03_07.
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Jana, Sebak Kumar, Mamataj Uddin Ahmed, and Katja Heubach. "Dependency of Rural Households on Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 6, no. 2 (April 2017): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2017040104.
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Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are an important source for livelihoods for a significant portion of rural populations all over the world. The present study explores the dependence of rural households on forests managed under Joint Forest Management (JFM) in the state of West Bengal in India. Using primary data collected from 300 households from 57 Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) in the dryland areas of two districts of West Bengal in India, authors compare households' income levels across regions and investigate disparities between income groups, with particular emphasis on income from NTFPs. The study reveals that households in forest-fringe areas are highly dependent on forests in maintaining their livelihoods. The results show that dependency of household on NTFPs varies across the regions as well as income groups. Authors also find that dependency of households on NTFPs depend significantly on the factors like number of forest goers, possession of assets, level of education, location and occupational diversification of the households.
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Duchesne, Luc C., and Suzanne Wetze. "L'aménagement des produits forestiers non ligneux et des ressources ligneuses des forêts canadiennes : besoins d'intégration et de recherche." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79853-5.
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Non timber forest products (NTFP) are emerging globally as a tool for the establishment of sustainable forest communities. They provide employment to various sectors of society, draw on local expertise and culture, and increase the outputs of forests. In recent years, NTFP have received accrued interest by the general public, governments and the private sectors of Canada. However, for the NTFP industry to enter mainstream Canadian industrial culture it is now critical to attempt the integration of the timber industry with the NTFP industry to benefit both sectors. NTFP can be harvested from four types of environment: wild stocks from timber-productive forests, wild stocks from non-timber-productive forests or lands, managed stocks from intensively managed forests, and domesticated stocks from agricultural systems. A large body of evidence suggests that NTFP management and harvest can serve the forest industry in many ways. There are four possible types of interaction between the NTFP and timber industries: independent resource use, competition for resources, complementary resource use and symbiotic resource use. Integration of both industries in a sustainable manner will need to be supported with research that address economic, social, policy and ecological questions. Key words: NTFP, sustainability, biodiversity, community forestry
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Karppinen, Heimo, and Harri Hänninen. "Monitoring Finnish family forestry." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82657-5.
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Non-industrial private forestry is important in many European countries as well as in the United States and eastern provinces of Canada. Private forests are especially important in Finland because the forest industries are highly dependent on private timber supply. In this article, we present the Finnish monitoring system for private forestry. Forest owners receive mailed inquiries regarding demographics, holding characteristics, ownership objectives, areas of silvicultural treatments, and timber sales, as well as connections with extension organizations. Studies based on such data have been useful in planning and implementation of national forestry programs and policies. Key words: non-industrial private forest owners, small-scale forestry, landowner characteristics, ownership objectives, forest management behaviour, timber supply, Finland
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Yang, Guang, Hui Wang, Yanyu Hou, Xuemei Jiang, and Mingxing Hu. "The Impact of Collective Forest Tenure Reform on Timber Production in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data." Forests 15, no. 2 (February 7, 2024): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020312.
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China initiated a new collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) in 2003, which transferred the use rights of collective forest land and the ownership of collective trees to farmers. To assess the impact of the CFTR on timber production and to understand its underlying mechanisms, this study first conducted a theoretical analysis on how CFTR affects the production of commercial and non-commercial timber, leading to the provided hypotheses. Then, based on a panel dataset for 28 provinces from 1998 to 2018, a Time-varying Difference-in-Differences model was employed for empirical analysis. The results show that the CFTR led to an increase of 24.18% in commercial timber production and 34.37% in non-commercial timber production. The CFTR boosted the production of both types of timber initially, but the incremental effects were weakened over time. The incremental effects of the CFTR on commercial timber production was larger in regions with more collective forests. After the CFTR, the proportion of economic forest land in total forest land increased, contributing to a short-term rise in commercial timber production. In regions with higher timber market prices, reforms have a greater effect on increasing timber production, implying that farmers are more sensitive in their response to market values.
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Balkrishna, Acharya, Bhasker Joshi, Anupam Srivastava, and B. Shukla. "Phyto-resources of Morni Hills, Panchkula, Haryana." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2018-p430i5.
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Forest and wild life are essential for ecological balance of an area. Forest is an important component of our environment and economy. Forest products are classified into timber forest products (TFPs) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Morni Hills of Haryana is rich in floristic diversity having various species of trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. Phytodiversity also supports wild-life in this area. In Morni Hills total 186 species were found which yield timber forest products (TFPs) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs).
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Soe, Khaing Thandar, and Youn Yeo-Chang. "Livelihood Dependency on Non-Timber Forest Products: Implications for REDD+." Forests 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050427.
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Deforestation and forest degradation are occurring continuously and posing serious threats to forests and people worldwide. In Myanmar, poor regulation and unsustainable extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is affecting millions of hectares of natural forests; overexploitation of forest resources is one of the main drivers of forest degradation. Although evidence shows that the extraction of NTFPs results in forest degradation, there have been few studies on what drives rural people to depend on NTFPs and how to address these drivers in terms of policies and measures. Policies and measures are nationally enacted policies and actions that countries undertake to address the causes of deforestation and forest degradation. This study identifies which factors determine the dependence on NTFPs in forest-dependent communities. From these factors, we derived policy implications for the main causes of overexploitation of NTFPs to provide suggestions for developing policies and measures in the design of national Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) strategies. Focusing on the Taungoo District as a case of dependence on NTFPs by local communities, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative data collection procedure based on interviewing households in the local communities. NTFPs contributed the most to total household income and the main types of NTFPs exploited were charcoal making and bamboo selling. Households with lower education level, less agricultural land, less income from off-farm activities, lived under the poverty line or used only charcoal were more dependent on NTFPs in the study areas. Poverty and fuelwood usage were factors affecting NTFPs dependence for landowners while rice insufficiency, off-farm income and fuelwood usage most affected the NTFPs dependence for landless people. The results suggested that national strategies for REDD+ should take into account local features such as income opportunities and land tenure in order to make local people cooperate with the government to avoid deforestation and forest degradation.
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Putri, Abby Utami, and Muhammad Anshar Nur. "Analisis Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa Puntik Luar Kecamatan Mandastana Kabupaten Barito Kuala." JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 2 (November 24, 2022): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v5i2.6948.
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This research was conducted to analyze (1) Utilization of non-timber forest products in Puntik Luar Village, Mandastana District, Barito Kuala Regency (2) Community income from the utilization of products forest non-timber in Village Puntik Luar , District Mandastana , Barito Kuala Regency (3) Comparison of the income of the people who use it. Non-Timber Forest Products with communities that do not utilize Non-Timber Forest Products in Puntik Luar Village, Mandastana District, Barito Kuala Regency Respondents in this study were 52 people, name the community around the forest in Puntik Luar village. This research is quantitative descriptive. Data collection methods used in this study interviews in the kueisoner, observation and documentation. The results that there is an impact use of products forest non-timber income of people Puntik Luar village, the place used in this study is the Puntik village outside the Mandastana sub-district, Barito Kuala district which has an impact on increasing community income, which shows that the community of Puntik Luar village has experienced increased income . The resulting negative impact is the extinction or scarcity of bamboo commodity that is not cultivated by the community around the existing forest. Non-timber forest products used as indicators in this study are the number of non-timber forest products that are used in the form of bamboo and thatch plants.
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Zhang, Meiyan. "Households’ Willingness to Accept Forest Conservation and Ecosystem Services." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091399.
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In this study, forest owners’ willingness to accept the governmental redemption of commercial forests for forest conservation, as well as the factors influencing their willingness, was analyzed. It was found that having expected non-timber income from conservation programs, trustable government policies, simpler dealing with government departments for disputes, and satisfactory local ecological condition had strong impacts on the likelihood of participation for the households. If the sum of direct cash compensation incentives and indirect non-timber income compensation incentives was greater than the opportunity costs incurred by forest owners for protection, forest owners were more willing to participate in the redemption. Based on the results, the final offer arbitration method was recommended to improve the maximum price method for redemption, which enables forest owners to receive recognized incentives for direct cash compensation. Ecotourism was strongly recommended to raise forest owners’ expectations of sustainable non-timber income and deliver on such expectations with lower information costs.
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Gautam, Krishna H., and Teiji Watanabe. "Silviculture for non-timber forest product management: challenges and opportunities for sustainable forest management." Forestry Chronicle 78, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc78830-6.
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Recent concerns regarding non-timber forest product (NTFP) management are focused on raw material production. But NTFP ought to be viewed from the perspective of ecological processes, cultural heritage, livelihood of local people, economic values and incentives for forest management. This broader role for NTFP cannot be realised by simply domesticating a few species. Integration of NTFP in forest management is necessary in order to achieve sustainable forestry. Because forestry technologies are developed with timber values uppermost, it is vital to develop forest management technologies that take into account both timber and non-timber values. Global examples show that traditional knowledge could play a vital role while developing silvicultural regimes, and in situ experimentation will strengthen the regimes. Guidelines for ethnobotanical studies are briefly presented. Key words: cultural heritage, ecological processes, ethnosilviculture, livelihoods, non-timber forest product, sustainable forestry
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Deegen, Peter. "Zum Holzangebot nicht industrieller privater Waldeigentümer | Concerning timber supply of non-industrial private forest owners." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0416.
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The paper presents deductive-mathematical analyses regarding short and long-term timber supply of non-industrial private forest owners using several papers of Tahvonen and Tahvonen et al. With the help of an intertemporal dynamic consumer model based on the Faustmann tradition, the effects of utility in situ, non-forest income and credit rationing are investigated: The higher the utility in situ and the non-forest income, the higher is the quantity of the long-term timber supply and the lower the quantity of short-term timber supply. The higher the timber price and the market interest rate, the lower the quantity of the long-term timber supply and the higher the quantity of short-term timber supply. Credit rationing leads to essential modifications of those results. The found results also differ strongly from analyses of the pure case of intertemporal profit maximizers. In the second part inductive-empirical studies concerning timber supply of non-industrial private forest owners are presented as well. Reference is made to two papers with review characteristics in which cases from North America and Scandinavia are analysed. In the third part the results of the two different methods are compared and the relations of these two methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the fact that deduction shall not equalize theory and the inductive-empirical method shall not be synonym for reality or practice. Instead inductive-empirical research is also theory. Finally it is explained that the low quantity of short-term timber supply by non-industrial private forest owners is not a result of market failure but of a more complex competition among the different usages of forests that emerged in modern societies.
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Wimolsakcharoen, Wuthiwong, Pongchai Dumrongrojwatthana, and Guy Trébuil. "Production of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and diversity of harvesting practices and decision-making processes in northern Thailand’s community forests." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 343 (February 17, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31845.
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Previous research on community forestry in Thailand has mainly focused on its institutional dimensions. Comprehensive knowledge on the production of non-timber forest products and on harvesting practices and decision-making processes is therefore still limited, particularly in relation to community-based forestry. A survey was performed to estimate the production of non-timber forest products and to characterise the diversity of harvesting practices and decision-making processes in northern Thailand’s community forests. Field investigations were conducted once a month for 12 months in seven community forests in the Lainan sub-district in Nan Province, using a grid-based sampling technique. Production and productivity of the main non-timber forest products were calculated by total fresh weight. In-depth interviews were conducted individually with 231 local harvesters to understand their NTFP harvesting practices and decision-making processes. Young shoots of Melientha suavis, queen broods of Oecophylla smaragdina and edible mushrooms were found to be the three main non-timber forest products collected, with productivity of 2, 12, and 2 kg/ha/year, respectively. Harvesting practices were characterised as applied by (A) landless villagers, (B) small- and medium-sized landholders, (C) larger landholders, and (D) outsiders. Local harvesters displayed different decision-making processes in resource harvesting depending on periods of resource availability, the duration of harvests and the quantities harvested. These quantitative data on resource productivity together with knowledge of harvesting practices and decision-making processes among harvesters will provide input to a participatory resource management process to support exchanges of knowledge among local stakeholders and explore scenarios for appropriate rules of access so as to improve the sustainability of non-timber forest product harvesting.
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Blouin, Glen. "Public involvement processes in forest management in Canada." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74224-2.
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Eighty-five percent of Canadian forests are owned by the provinces; the balance is owned by the federal government (9%) and private individuals and corporations (6%). Provincial crown forests have traditionally been managed by the forest industry under long term agreements with the provinces, primarily to meet timber objectives. Recent trends towards forest management for both timber and non-timber values have led to greater public involvement in decision-marking. Canadians have input into management of all three forests indirectly via laws and regulations, and directly by public participation. A variety of processes for public involvement are underway. The cornerstones to success are: equitable representation; access to information; fair and open processes; and informed participants.
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Munawaroh, Esti, Yupi Isnaini, Purity Sabila Ajiningrum, Siti Susiarti, and Y. Purwanto. "Cultural Significance Analysis to Support the Valuation of Non Timber Forest Products of the Malay Community in Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, Sumatera." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 149–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.52.
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The study of utilizing the diversity of non-timber forest product species by testing the value of cultural importance or Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) analysis aims to identify the species of non-timber forest products with highest importance value for local communities. The results of this study documented (1) list of species of non-timber forest products that have an important role in the Malay community in Tanjung Jabung, Jambi, including foodstuffs (51-77 plants), vegetable ingredients (21 plants), medicinal materials (> 77 plants), equipment materials (62 plants), pulp and paper materials (27 plants), and other non-timber forest products; (2) list of species of the potential non-timber forest products to be further developed as fruit-producing plants (12 species), vegetables (10 species), medicinal plants (6 species), pulp and paper-based plants (6 species), plywood (18 species), basic materials for manufacturing equipment, arts and other local technology (8 species); and (3) basic data on economic valuation studies of non-timber forest products. The potential species that have high importance value to be cultivated plants were rambai (Baccaurea spp.), cempunik (Artocarpus hispidum), durian (Durio zibethinus, Durio oxleyanus, and Durio spp.), and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum and Nephelium spp.) for fruits, rotan jernang (Calamus draco and Calamus spp.) as a medicinal material, and other uses. Specifically the diversity of potential species of non-timber forest products will be discussed in this paper.
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Pokharel, Ridish K. "Generating Income from Nepal’s Community Forestry: Does Timber Matter?" Journal of Forest and Livelihood 9, no. 1 (September 10, 2013): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v9i1.8588.
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This paper argues that timber is the most valuable product of community forests and forms the largest share of the income for community forest user groups (CFUGs). This paper assesses the sources of CFUGs’ income in general and income through timber sale, in particular. Drawing information from one hundred CFUGs in three mid-hill districts of Nepal, shows that the contribution from timber is significantly higher compared to other sources such as non- timber forest products, membership fee, penalty, and renting meeting hall. Moreover, the CFUGs with timber sale collect a lesser amount of membership fee, which is one of the major incentives for the members. The research findings emphasize the need to put timber in CFUGs’ key forest management priority.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v9i1.8588 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.9(1) 2010 16-20
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Bashir, Altamash, Hanne K. Sjølie, and Birger Solberg. "Determinants of Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners’ Willingness to Harvest Timber in Norway." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010060.
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In Norway, 84% of the productive forest is privately owned, and these forests dominate the supply of timber to industries. However, during last 80 years, annual forest growth has seen a substantial upsurge while annual timber harvest has been rather stable, generating an increasing potential for timber supply. In this study, we provide new insights to better understand Norwegian non-industrial private forest owners’ timber harvesting decisions. This was achieved by comparing the outcomes of two different statistical approaches (i.e., a combination of probit-linear models with a tobit model). These approaches are commonly applied in timber supply studies, but to the best of our knowledge have never been compared on the same dataset. The survey utilized for this study constitutes a population of Active and Inactive forest owners, based on whether the owner had harvested timber for sale during the last fifteen years. Two gross samples of 1500 and 1650 were drawn, with response rates of 56% and 49% for the Active and Inactive owner samples, respectively. The study results reveal that the average holding size varied from 25.2 ha for Inactive to 49.5 ha for both samples and 73.8 ha for Active owners. The probit model analysis indicated that knowledge of forest fund and financial objectives had the most significant impact on the willingness to harvest, with marginal effects of 11% and 12%, respectively. In the linear regression, being a male owner increased the historical timber supply by 1.48 m3 ha−1 year−1 compared to female ownership. In the second regression pathway (tobit model), the two variables male forest owner and owning forests for financial objectives triggered the supply of timber by 1.85 m3 ha−1 year−1 and 1.25 m3 ha−1 year−1, respectively. Timber prices were significant in the linear model (elasticity 1.18) and tobit model (elasticity 0.66), whereas they were non-significant in the probit model. Our study concludes that Active owners had a better understanding of acknowledging forests for economic security. Policy-makers and extension services should recognize that the Inactive forest owner group may require different actions than Active owners.
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Wightman, Rick A., and Emin Z. Baskent. "Forest neighbourhoods for timber harvest scheduling." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70768-6.
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Forest management involves exploring through time the scheduling opportunities for timber and non-timber values within a forest. The ability to identify and form neighbourhoods — areas of suitable stand conditions and locations — is critical to this endeavour. This paper presents a GIS-based algorithm for identifying and forming forest neighbourhoods suitable for timber harvest scheduling. The resulting neighbourhoods are contiguous and overlapping, composed of stands sharing similar attributes. Similarity is based on a definable similarity list where stand conditions closest to one another in the list are most similar to one another. The algorithm is demonstrated with a single stand example and then a small forest example. Control of neighbourhood size is limited using a vector data model, except in forests composed of small stands. The examples illustrate that neighbourhood inclusion is dependent on both a forest stand's condition and relative position in the forest. The paper concludes with suggestions for further development of the algorithm. Key words: timber harvest scheduling, forest management, spatial modelling, GIS, neighbourhoods
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Fajar, Muhammad Hatami Al, and Chairul Sa’roni. "Analisis Kelayakan Klusterisasi Industri Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) di Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Hulu Sungai." JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v5i1.5533.
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This study aims to determine the potential for cluster analysis of Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) in the Upstream River and Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) KPHs, which are most suitable for industrial development in the FMU. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data in a Long Term Management Plan (RPHJP) Upstream Forest Management Unit (KPH) document and interviews. The data analysis technique used is a feasibility study to find out what non-timber forest products will be most suitable for industrial development in the FMU Hulu Sungai. The results showed that the FMU Hulu Sungai had potential Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK), namely Aren, Bamboo, and Candlenut. The use of the feasibility study method to get the priority scale which is the most feasible to be built by industry. Analysis of the Clusterization of Non-Timber Forest Products Industry (HHBK) in the Hulu Sungai FMU can be used as a reference for the industry office and Forest Management Units (KPH) to see whether or not an industry should be built in the FMU Hulu Sungai
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Tewari, Devi D., and Jeffrey Y. Campbell. "Developing and Sustaining Non-Timber Forest Products." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 3, no. 1 (October 24, 1995): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v03n01_04.
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Freed, James. "Non-Timber Forest Products in Local Economies." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 13, no. 3-4 (June 25, 2001): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v13n03_06.
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Malazogu, Rina, and Maria Bottari. "Market development for non-timber forest products." International Journal of Research in Marketing Management and Sales 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26633329.2022.v4.i1a.148.
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Wildayana, Elisa, and M. Edi Armanto. "Utilizing Non-Timber Extraction of Swamp Forests over Time for Rural Livelihoods." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (March 30, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n2p52.
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The research aimed to analyze utilizing non-timber extraction of swamp forests over time for rural livelihoods. This research was carried out in swamp forests of Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were collected by direct field observation, intensive study of archive report documents as well as in-depth interviews with the respondents. Before 2000, rural communities could be mentioned to be relatively concerned about the status of forest and land resources because they have utilized forest and land resources following customary regulations. Various types of products extracted by their priority are fuel material, food sources, medicine and pharmacy, raw materials for handicrafts, structures and other uses. After 2000, there have been significant changes in forest and land resources being used for other purposes, e.g. agroforestry, plantation, agriculture, fodder, thatching grass, woven mats (from purun), rope webbing, leaves, resins, dyes, manure and others. These activities have caused degradation of swamp forest. To minimize the impact of swamp forest degradation, the active participation involvement of the rural community and all other stakeholder components is essential to optimize swamp forest management.
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Erdle, Thom A. "The conflict in managing New Brunswick's forests for timber and other values." Forestry Chronicle 75, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75945-6.
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A key forest management challenge in Canada, and elsewhere, is to strike an acceptable balance between the various values for which forests are to be managed. Striking that balance between commodity, aesthetic, environmental, and other values is difficult because (a) what defines an acceptable balance varies between parties who weight such values differently, and (b) some values are incompatible, in that managing for the betterment of one occurs at the expense of another. Timber supply is an important economic value in Canada, but there is clear evidence of an increasing social demand to favour non-timber values in forest management to a greater extent than has occurred in the past. Accommodating this demand often has negative timber supply consequences, thus forcing difficult decisions involving tradeoffs between values. Such tradeoffs occur when management decisions affect any of three primary factors of timber production, namely, landbase size, stand growth rates, and treatment timing choices. In New Brunswick, where aggressive industrial development has resulted in intensive use of the forest for timber production, the tradeoffs between timber and non-timber values are particularly difficult to make. Using New Brunswick as an example, this paper explores the mechanisms by which forest values conflict. It employs a simple land allocation schematic to illustrate the nature of that conflict, to identify plausible future scenarios in which that conflict is likely to intensify, and to discuss possible mitigating strategies. Key words: forest management, land zoning, nontimber values, trade-offs, New Brunswick forestry
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Zarin-Nejadan, Milad. "La forêt suisse entre approvisionnement en bois et multifonctionnalité (essai)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 170, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2019.0202.
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The Swiss forest between wood supply and multifunctionality (essay) Swiss forestry operations have been in deficit for decades. Timber prices fall while production costs rise. At the same time, demand for non-market forest services continues to increase. The challenge is to ensure a sustainable timber supply from Swiss forests in the future, while taking into account the multifunctionality of the forest. According to the results of a Swiss national science foundation research project on this issue, non-market forest services are highly valued by the population. The study also identified significant potential for improving the performance of forest operations, in particular by achieving economies of scale. In addition, the exploitation and maintenance of the forest has positive externalities, which justifies the payment of targeted public subsidies to the forest sector.
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Enescu, Raluca, Lucian Dincă, and Diana Vasile. "THE MAIN NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS FROM ALBA COUNTY." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 21 (July 31, 2022): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i21.040.
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Non-timber forest products have a lot of other terms which are more or less synonyms like „natural products, wild products”. Non-timber forest products (NTFP) represent a category of products which are provide of wild plants and animals from the forest or from any other natural vegetation types. Around the world humans harvested NTFP from the oldest time. The most common types of NTFP at global level are forest fruits, medicinal plants, fauna of hunting interest and edible mushrooms. Romania has a high potential regarding the harvesting of these types of products due to big diversity of forest and forest site conditions. The aim of this study was to highlight the most important non-timber products from Alba county. First of all was made a selection of most common non-timber products and then were realized a ranking using a set of 19 criteria. The study conclusion was that the most important NTFP from Alba county are honey and hazelnuts follow by golden Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) and Christmas tree.
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Lestari, Sri, and Bondan Winarno. "Understanding indigenous knowledge in sustainable management of NTFPs agroforestry in Indonesia: a case of Southern Sumatra." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012063.
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Abstract Peoples’ utilization and management of non-timber forest products in a sustainable manner is influenced by traditional knowledge and regulations. Communities near forests in Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, continue to rely on forest resources to cover their basic needs. However, as more people use the forests to collect non-timber forest products, their availability is decreasing. Qualitative research methods and literature studies were applied in this paper to document local communities in the provinces of South Sumatra, Bengkulu, and Jambi in applying their traditional knowledge and local wisdom to manage dragon’s blood (Daemonorops spp.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii Blume). These priceless NTFPs (non-timber forest products) played a significant role in supporting people’s livelihoods and protecting the natural resources in their forest area. The community implemented a sustainable harvesting system to maintain the availability of resources so that the community still has the opportunity to collect NTFPs as a source of income in the future. Along with the decrease in these natural resources, the community has begun to develop an agroforestry system of NTFPs, coffee, and other crops. This domestication activity was expected to ensure the sustainability of production and to prevent overexploitation of forest resources. In the long run, involving indigenous knowledge was needed in maintaining natural resources to achieve sustainable development of NTFPs agroforestry in Indonesia.
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Potterf, Mária, Kyle Eyvindson, Clemens Blattert, Daniel Burgas, Ryan Burner, Jörg G. Stephan, and Mikko Mönkkönen. "Interpreting wind damage risk–how multifunctional forest management impacts standing timber at risk of wind felling." European Journal of Forest Research 141, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10342-022-01442-y.
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AbstractLandscape multifunctionality, a widely accepted challenge for boreal forests, aims to simultaneously provide timber, non-timber ecosystem services, and shelter for biodiversity. However, multifunctionality requires the use of novel forest management regimes optimally combined over the landscape, and an increased share of sets asides. It remains unclear how this combination will shape stand vulnerability to wind disturbances and exposed timber volume. We combined forest growth simulations and multi-objective optimization to create alternative landscape level forest management scenarios. Management choices were restricted to 1) rotation forestry, 2) continuous cover forestry, and 3) all regimes allowed over a harvest intensity gradient from completely set aside landscapes to maximal economic gain. Estimates for the stands’ structural and environmental characteristics were used to predict the stand level wind damage probability. We evaluated averaged wind-exposed standing timber volume and changing forest structure under management scenarios. Intensive rotation forestry reduced tree heights and wind damage risk, but also reduced landscape multifunctionality. Conversely, continuous cover forestry maintained multifunctionality but increased wind damage probability due to taller trees and higher thinning frequency. Overall, continuous cover forestry lowers the total volume of wind exposed timber at any given time compared with rotation forestry. Nevertheless, a selective application of rotation forestry contributes to high economic gains and increases landscape heterogeneity. A combination of management approaches across landscapes provides an efficient way to reduce the amount of wind-exposed timber volume while also increasing habitat for vertebrate and non-vertebrate species and satisfying high timber demands.
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Adermann, Veiko, Allar Padari, Risto Sirgmets, Aija Kosk, and Paavo Kaimre. "Valuation of timber production and carbon sequestration on Järvselja nature protection area." Forestry Studies 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsmu-2015-0007.
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Abstract Järvselja nature protection area was established in order to preserve and introduce virgin forests, to protect old natural forests, old deciduous forests and habitats of different species. At the same time the stands of nature protection area provide other benefits having both use and non-use values. The goal of the study is to assess the monetary value of the two components of forest ecosystem: timber production and carbon sequestration. The value of timber expresses to forest owners and policy-makers the opportunity cost of nature protection. The carbon sequestration represents the value of new service, highly appreciated in the context of climate policy. While a market for timber and carbon exists, the market-price method has been used for valuation. The data for calculations was obtained from the materials of forest inventory carried out in 2010 by the Department of Forest Management, Estonian University of Life Sciences. According to the calculations the theoretical long-term average value of timber is 325 euros per hectare. The monetary value of timber production is approximately three times higher compared to average productivity of Estonian private forests. The guidelines of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the inventories of greenhouse gases were used when transforming the growing stock and dead stem timber into biomass and finally into carbon and carbon dioxide. According to the price 4.62 € per ton of tradeable carbon equivalent in autumn 2013, the value of carbon sequestration on Järvselja nature protection area could be estimated 1473 € per hectare of forest land. Because of the high age of stands on nature protection area, the role of forests as a sequestrator of CO2 is remarkable compared to commercial forests. The accumulation of carbon in old-growth natural forests is close to zero, but they still fulfil the role of being a carbon pool.
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Pandit, Bishnu Hari, and Gopal B. Thapa. "A tragedy of non-timber forest resources in the mountain commons of Nepal." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000286.
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There is increasing degradation of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the mountains of Nepal. It has been proposed that different components of a common property resource (CPR) do not undergo degradation at the same rate, as they are not managed in the same way under different types of property rights regimes. To examine this, information was collected through a survey of 324 households, community resource assessment ranking and group discussion in a small mountain watershed of Nepal. The study analysed NTFP collection and management practices under government and community forest management systems, and impact of these practices on the status of forest and NTFPs. The analysis based on people's perception revealed that NTFPs were being depleted more rapidly than timber components in both types of forest. The pace of depletion was, however, considerably lower in community forests, as these forests were accessible only to the relevant forest user group members. Depletion of NTFPs was due primarily to the lack of proper institutional arrangements, including the lack of a comprehensive government policy framework, for sustainable use and management of NTFPs.
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Latifah, Siti, Agus Purwoko, Khaira Amalia Fachrudin, and Jeffry William Siregar. "Identification non-timber forest products as a source of halal food for village communities around the forest." E3S Web of Conferences 332 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133204001.
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The community’s reliance on logging forest resources has reached the limit of its carrying capacity. Non-timber forest products are one type of natural resource that can help limit the direct use of timber forest products. Interviewing techniques and field observation were used to acquire data. The findings show that Arenga pinnata and other non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have economic potential as halal foods are Arenga pinnata, Hevea brasiliensis, Durio zibethinus, Areca catechu, Theobroma cacao, Parkia speciosa, Lansium parasiticum, and Archidendron pauciflorum.
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RAHAWARIN, YOHANES Y. "Non-timber forest products extracted activities of the upstream Mamberamo basin’s traditional communities of West Papua, Indonesia." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2017): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010103.
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Rahawarin YY. 2017. Non-timber forest products extracted activities of the upstream Mamberamo basin’s traditional communities of West Papua, Indonesia. Asian J For 1: 23-26. The aim of this study is to find utilization activities of extracting nontimber forest products by local communities on the upstream part of Mamberamo Basin. Survey, observation and semi-structural interview were taken to generate data and information. The result showed that the local communities extracted several of non-timber forest products over the course of their generations to fulfill basic daily necessities. There were several types of non-timber forest products that have been used by local communities either from plants wild animals that living across different types of forest. These activities were lasted for generations so that people called it as a traditional conservation. They are still exist recently and believed to maintain the long-lasting of non timber forest products continuity to keep the availability of traditional food sources for the daily needs over generations.
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Krishnamoorthy, L., S. Varadharaj, G. Mani, and J. E. Vinila. "Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products in Tamil Nadu." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 10, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2003): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2003-602o52.
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Almost all the states in India have Forest Corporations dealing in collection, processing and marketing of forest products. Poor forest labourers who were previously dis-organised have now been brought under the umbrella of various organisations like Forest Labour Cooperative Societies, Large-area Multipurpose Societies (LAMPS), Tribal Development Corporations (TDC) and Minor Forest Produce Federations (MFPF). The Tribal Federation (TRIFED), a government agency, is protecting the interest of the tribals by providing marketing support to state-level corporations, federations and cooperatives dealing with collection of Non-Timber Forest Products by involving tribals. The tribal cooperative society gets collection right of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from forest department on payment of lease every year. The lease amount is decided after a thorough survey of the resources inside in the forest by the forest officials. The lease period normally falls from 1st June to 31st May. Collection and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products being a tedious process several preliminary works and marketing channels do exist to carry on the work. Hence the study was taken up in the Kolli hills of Salem District, Sathyamangalam Forest Division of Erode District and in the Pollachi Division of Tamil Nadu to unravel the tie up activities involved in this collection and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products. The societies involved, products collected and the collection rate fixed are dealt in detail.
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Miina, Jari, Mikko Kurttila, Rafael Calama, Sergio de-Miguel, and Timo Pukkala. "Modelling Non-timber Forest Products for Forest Management Planning in Europe." Current Forestry Reports 6, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40725-020-00130-7.
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Abstract Purpose of Review The increased popularity and commercial use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) calls for the development of models for NTFPs to include their predicted yields in forest management planning and to evaluate the potential of multi-functional forest management. This study assesses and discusses the current state of the art and trends in NTFP yield modelling in Europe and the integration of the models in multi-functional forest management planning at different spatial scales. Recent Findings Climate-sensitive empirical yield models already exist not only for a variety of NTFPs that are economically important to forest owners (e.g. cork and pine nuts) but also for wild-gathered berries and mushrooms, the harvesting of which cannot be controlled by the forest landowner in all European countries. Several studies on multi-functional forest management planning consider the economic profitability of the joint production of timber and NTFP. Harvesting NTFPs can create significant additional incomes for forest owners, compared with timber production only. However, maximizing the economic returns from the joint production of timber and NTFPs often calls for changes in forest management practices. Summary Continued efforts in modelling and predicting the yields of NTFPs have enabled forest managers to further expand the analyses of multi-functional forest planning and management in Europe. Climate-sensitive models also allow analyses on the potential effects of climate change on NTFP yields. New models and forest management practices are still needed for tree fruits, birch sap, a wider variety of wild edible mushrooms, specialty mushrooms cultivated on live trees as well as medicinal and edible forest herbs harvested for commercial value in Europe.
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Ní Dhubháin, Áine, Ray Gallagher, Andy Whelton, and Sean Wiley. "Ireland." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 1, Special Edition 1 (February 1, 2005): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2005-0020.
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Just over 50% of the productive forest estate in Ireland is less than 25 years of age. The private component of this estate is even younger. Substantial Government and EU grant-aid has been the primary driver to the establishment of private forests. The major factor affecting the competitiveness of the forest – wood / non-wood / services – consumer chain in Ireland therefore is the limited current supply of raw material and the uncertainty about the future supply of roundwood from private forests. Most of these forests are less than 10 hectares in size and are located in inaccessible areas. There are concerns that, due to the lack of economies of scale, harvesting will not take place. The lack of silvicultural skills combined with the absence of an organisational structure among the majority of forest owners makes the economic harvesting and marketing of the timber output from the forests more unlikely. Species distributions of state and private forests are dominated by Picea sitchensis. While the species is suitable for a range of end-uses the opportunities to add value are limited. This is a barrier to the development of value-added enterprises. The development of enterprises using species other than Picea sitchensis is difficult due to the limited and irregular supply. The range of non-wood products and services that can be produced within Picea sitchensis forests is limited. The main problem and research question for enterprise development in the forest sector is to identify the appropriate organisational structure that will facilitate the economic harvesting and marketing of the timber output from small-scale forests. If this structure is in place a key barrier to enterprise development in the forestry sector will be removed. Research and development into value-added applications of Irish grown timber, in particular Picea sitchensis timber, is required to expand the market for that timber. Markets for a range of non-wood products and services need to be investigated further.
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Elly, Rosita M., Gun Mardiatmoko, and Debby Vemiancy Pattimahu. "KAJIAN ASPEK EKONOMI PENGELOLAAN HASIL HUTAN DI HULU DAS WAE RIUPA KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT." JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jhppk.2020.4.2.216.
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Forest assessments to quantify Total Economic Valueave been carried out in many countries. The development of forest valuation, apart from forest products that have a market goods. Nowdys various methods of calculating forest product economic value that cannot be determined by the market system (non market goods) have developed. This study examined the economic aspects of forest product management in the upper watershed of Wae Riupa, West Seram Regency. The results showed of calculating the value of direct use Direct use Valuethe value of indirect use (indirect use-value) of Rp. 1. 645,920.00, -, the option value is Rp. 458.642,449, -, optional benefits of Rp. 11. 384,651,002, and the total economic value (TEV) of 13.489,213,451, -.ost of the potential forest products used and managed by the community in Rambatu Village come from forests, including timber forest products, various kinds of rich animals, non-timber forest products, and environmental services.
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Romero, Claudia, and Francis Putz. "Theory-of-Change Development for the Evaluation of Forest Stewardship Council Certification of Sustained Timber Yields from Natural Forests in Indonesia." Forests 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090547.
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To illustrate the importance of theories-of-change (ToCs) for evaluation of conservation interventions, we consider the global ToC from the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and then develop a more explicit ToC focused on the sustained timber yield (STY) aspiration for natural forest management in Indonesia. We use these ToCs to consider certification implementation processes vis-à-vis indicators for STY extracted from FSC’s Indonesian Stewardship Standard that mentions STY explicitly in 45 and implicitly in 21 of 237 indicators. Analysis of 38 audit reports about 23 enterprises (2001–2017) revealed that only 77 of 504 major non-conformities assigned by auditors addressed STY. This apparent lack of attention to STY is surprising given the exhaustion of timber stocks in many production forests and the closure of many forest enterprises over the past two decades, but our ToC reveals numerous unsatisfied and unsatisfiable assumptions in certification that preclude detection of unsustainable harvests. Furthermore, compliance with governmental regulations on harvest intensities does not allow full timber recovery. To sustain yields, logging intensities need to be reduced and/or silvicultural treatments applied to increase yields, both of which reduce short-term profits. Declining yields might be accepted if the capacity of logged forests to grow timber is not impaired, but forest abandonment due to timber stock depletion is worrisome if it fosters illegal forest conversion.
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S Shedage, D Ayate, and A Singh. "Non-timber forest genetic resources of arid and semi-arid regions of India." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 15 (June 30, 2023): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2315-102.
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Forests have evolved in their natural ecosystems over millennia to become the world’s most important and valuable renewable natural resources. Genetic variety in perspective trees has been defined as Forest Genetic Resources (FGRs). Forest genetic resources directly or indirectly sustain human livelihoods and provide raw materials for various forest-based enterprises. This chapter focuses on the FGRs of the arid and semiarid regions, which have a wide range of land formations, soils, fauna, plants, water balances, and human activities. Cultivating trees that have the potential to generate lucrative non-timber goods is the primary source of revenue in this problematic climatic situation. Arid and semi-arid regions have a diverse gene pool of tree species. The increased pressure and ongoing desertification threaten the gene pool of tree species in arid and semi-arid environments. These regions' FGRs are not sufficiently documented, and there is no way to access and use them effectively. This paper intends to establish a framework for writing, better understanding, protecting, and understanding the utility of non-timber forest genetic resources (NTFGR) in dry and semi-arid regions. It focuses on arid and semi-arid tree species that have the potential to yield non-timber value, to increase awareness and understanding of Forest Genetic Resources.
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Nitanan, K. M., A. Shuib, R. Sridar, V. Kunjuraman, S. Zaiton, and M. A. Syamsul Herman. "The total economic value of forest ecosystem services in the tropical forests of Malaysia." International Forestry Review 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820831255551.
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Direct and indirect use of values and non-use values from forest ecosystem services perform an invaluable set of functions that cater to the needs of both living and non-living things. The values include market services obtained from timber and non-timber forest products, and non-market services (recreation, watershed protection and conservation value) were identified as components of the Total Economic Value (TEV). However, it is difficult to assign a monetary value to all goods and services provided by the forest. Failure to conserve the national park will result in the degradation of the forest and a reduction in the contribution of the forest ecosystem services to the community. Based on the result of this study, the TEV value of forest ecosystem services was estimated at RM 13 billion, and the estimation provides policy-relevant information for forest management and conservation purposes in Malaysia.