Journal articles on the topic 'Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)'
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Ismatov, Farrukh Asliddinovich. "DRUG TREATMENT WITH NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS JAW ALVEOLITIS." Frontline Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Journal 02, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-02-03-09.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to suppress inflammation in the body. NSAIDs are available in different forms: tablets, capsules, ointments. They have three main properties: antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. The best non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can only be chosen by a doctor, based on the individual characteristics of the patient. Self-treatment in this case may be fraught with serious adverse reactions or overdose. We suggest reading the list of drugs. The rating is based on value for money, patient feedback and expert opinion.
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Karadurmus, Leyla, I. Firat Sahin, Sevinc Kurbanoglu, and Sibel A. Ozkan. "Electrochemical Determination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180917113920.
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Electrochemical methods have been used for the determination of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) just as used in the determination of various drugs. Among voltammetric methods; differential pulse voltammetric method, square wave voltammetric method and linear sweep voltammetric method are the most commonly used ones. NSAIDs are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute gouty arthritis) and dental pain, menstrual pain, postoperative pain and migraine. In this review, some selected recent electrochemical studies were selected related to the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug analyzes. The aim of this review is to evaluate and discuss the advantages, details and usages of electroanalytical methods in the determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Bangerl, Teresa, Brigitte Zahel, Andrea Lueger, Emmanuella Guenova, Irena Angelova-Fischer, and Wolfram Hoetzenecker. "Hypersensitivity reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of an Austrian cohort study." Allergo Journal International 29, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00134-6.
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Summary Background Hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the second most common cause of drug hypersensitivity. Despite the importance of NSAIDs in routine analgesia only few studies have systematically addressed the question of tolerability in hypersensitive patients. Methods The authors retrospectively analysed 398 patients that were treated at the Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital Linz, Austria, in the period 2012–2016 with a clinical history of NSAID hypersensitivity. Skin tests (skin prick and intracutaneous tests) to common NSAIDs were performed, followed by single-blinded, placebo-controlled drug challenge with either the culprit drug or an alternative NSAID. Results A total of 361 patients were subjected to skin testing. Of these, 25 patients (6.3%) showed a positive reaction to the culprit drug. According to the severity of the reaction in the medical history, 87 patients were exposed orally to the culprit drug (oral provocation test, OPT) after negative skin test and 255 patients received OPT with alternative NSAIDs according to established protocols. OPT with the culprit drug resulted in hypersensitivity reactions in 12 patients (13.79%). In terms of alternative NSAID testing, the three most commonly tested drugs were lornoxicam (192 OPTs), acetaminophen (156 OPTs) and celecoxib (133 OPTs) with tolerability rates in respectively 88.54% (hypersensitivity reactions, 11.46%), 92.31% (hypersensitivity reactions, 7.69%) and 91.73% (hypersensitivity reactions, 8.27%) of cases. Conclusion OPT with alternative NSAIDs are useful in patients with NSAID hypersensitivity as tolerability varies between the individual substances.
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Tachecí, Ilja, Marcela Kopáčová, Stanislav Rejchrt, and Jan Bureš. "Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Induced Injury to the Small Intestine." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 53, no. 1 (2010): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.56.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) induced enteropathy represents an important complication of one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide. Due to previous diagnostics difficulties the real prevalence of this disease was underestimated for a long time. The pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy is more multifactorial and complex than formerly assumed but has still not been fully uncovered. A combination of the local and systemic effect plays an important role in pathogenesis. Thanks to novel enteroscopy methods (wireless capsule endoscopy, double balloon enteroscopy), small bowel lesions are described in a substantial section of NSAID users although most are clinically asymptomatic. The other non-invasive tests (small bowel permeability, faecal calprotectin, scintigraphy using faecal excretion of 111-indium-labelled leukocytes etc.) proposed for diagnostics are not generally used in clinical practice, mainly because of their non-specificity. Despite intensive research into possible treatment, the main measure for patients with NSAID-enteropathy is still withdrawal of NSAIDs. Double balloon enteroscopy plays an important role in the treatment of complications (bleeding, strictures).
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Vasilyuk, V. B., G. I. Syraeva, and M. V. Faraponova. "Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attack of gout." Russian Medical Inquiry 5, no. 2 (2021): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-96-101.
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Gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. Medical care for gout includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs prescribed for the acute attack of gout, in particular, AMBENIUM® parenteral. It was demonstrated that phenylbutazone is a powerful NSAID that provides significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering a broad spectrum of adverse reactions of NSAIDs, these agents should be prescribed and used under in-depth analysis of patient’s condition, comorbidities and the level of their decompensation, and potential drug interactions. In addition, optimal dosages and duration of NSAID treatment are of particular importance. The authors conclude that AMBENIUM® parenteral is an effective and safe therapeutic modality for gout. Its profile and risk/benefit ratio are regarded as “favorable” compared to other NSAIDs. KEYWORDS: gout, arthritis, pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, parenteral, efficacy, safety. FOR CITATION: Vasilyuk V.B., Syraeva G.I., Faraponova M.V. Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for acute attack of gout. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(2):96–101. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-2-96-101.
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Jang, Soo Min, Ruixin Jiang, Darren Grabe, and Amy Barton Pai. "Assessment of literacy and numeracy skills related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug labels." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211983411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119834119.
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Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used and have a potential for over-the-counter misuse. Limited health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes. Identification of new strategies to assess literacy and numeracy could be useful in targeting effective education initiatives. Objective: To characterize numeracy and literacy skills related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug labels in primary care patients. Methods: Patients were recruited and consented over an 8-month period after their regular primary care visit. Demographic information was collected and two instruments were administered to assess literacy and numeracy skills: (1) a medication label literacy instrument focused on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (MedLit-NSAID) and (2) a general healthy literacy-screening tool, the Newest Vital Sign. Two questions on the MedLit-NSAID instrument evaluated understanding of the Food and Drug Administration medication guide for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the Food and Drug Administration approved over-the-counter label. Results: A total of 145 patients were enrolled. Mean MedLit-NSAID and Newest Vital Sign scores were 6.8 (scale range 0–8) and 4.2 (scale range 0–6), respectively. Higher education level was associated with higher scores for both tools (p ⩽ 0.05). Total MedLit-NSAID scores on average were higher in females compared with males (6.5 vs 6, p = 0.05). Patients with decreased kidney function (n = 18) had significantly lower MedLit-NSAID scores (p ⩽ 0.05). Test–retest scores were not significantly different for MedLit-NSAID (p = 0.32). The correlation between the tools was 0.54 and internal consistency MedLit-NSAID was 0.61. Conclusion: A medication information focused instrument provided specific information to assess health literacy related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug labels. This information could be utilized to develop patient education initiatives for medication label comprehension.
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Miranda, Gustavo Marinho, Vitória Ohana Ramos e. Santos, Jonatas Reis Bessa, Yanna C. F. Teles, Setondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre Yahouédéhou, Marilda Souza Goncalves, and Jaime Ribeiro-Filho. "Inclusion Complexes of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs with Cyclodextrins: A Systematic Review." Biomolecules 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11030361.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used classes of medicines in the treatment of inflammation, fever, and pain. However, evidence has demonstrated that these drugs can induce significant toxicity. In the search for innovative strategies to overcome NSAID-related problems, the incorporation of drugs into cyclodextrins (CDs) has demonstrated promising results. This study aims to review the impact of cyclodextrin incorporation on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacological properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A systematic search for papers published between 2010 and 2020 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Complexation”; AND “Cyclodextrin”; AND “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug”. A total of 24 different NSAIDs, 12 types of CDs, and 60 distinct inclusion complexes were identified, with meloxicam and β-CD appearing in most studies. The results of the present review suggest that CDs are drug delivery systems capable of improving the pharmacological and biopharmaceutical properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Flood, Jordan, and Allison Stewart. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Associated Toxicities in Horses." Animals 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212939.
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Effective pain management in horses can be a challenge despite the understanding that appropriate analgesia improves animal welfare and increases treatment success. The administration of NSAID drugs, particularly phenylbutazone and flunixin, are common practice in equine veterinary patients. Known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, NSAIDs are used for the treatment of a variety of conditions in horses, from gastrointestinal to orthopedic pain. Despite extensive usage, NSAIDs have a narrow margin of safety and the body of literature documenting the efficacy and side effects of different NSAIDs is broad. The three main side effects associated with excessive or prolonged NSAID usage in horses include gastroduodenal ulceration, right dorsal colitis (RDC) and renal papillary necrosis. The use of cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAIDS, such as firocoxib, are theoretically safer. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on the use and efficacy of different NSAIDs, summarise the associated side effects of NSAID usage and evaluate the current state of knowledge for the diagnosis and treatment of such toxicities.
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Levantino, Laura, Cristiana Corrado, Laura Badina, Sara Lega, and Egidio Barbi. "Ipersensibilità ai FANS: intolleranza o allergia?" Medico e Bambino 40, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53126/meb40037.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main triggers of drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. According to the EAACI latest classification NSAIDs hypersensitivity reactions are differentiated into cross-reactive reactions, with non-immunological mechanisms (based on COX-1 inhibition), and selective reactions, with immunological mechanisms. Paediatric clinical manifestations of NSAID hypersensitivity are typically cutaneous, but sometimes, similarly to anaphylaxis, can involve other systems, especially the respiratory one. Differentiating between NSAID intolerance and NSAID allergy through drug provocation tests is crucial for the patient because the two clinical entities require different management.
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McDonald, Janet, Lynn McBain, Anthony C. Dowell, and Caroline Morris. "GPs’ views and experiences of prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a qualitative study." BJGP Open 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): bjgpopen17X100869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen17x100869.
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BackgroundNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed in primary care despite being a high-risk drug group causing significant adverse events, yet little is known about GPs’ perceptions of NSAID risks and benefits.AimTo explore GPs’ experiences with NSAID prescribing and views about the risks and benefits of this group of medicines.Design & settingA qualitative, inductive study in general practice.MethodIndividual interviews with 15 GPs using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. An inductive, thematic approach was used for analysis. Sampling continued until data saturation was achieved.ResultsThree main themes illustrate GPs’ key concerns with managing NSAID risks. The first theme was perceptions of risks and benefits of NSAIDs: GPs expressed differing attitudes towards prescribing medication generally. GPs were aware of the general risks of NSAIDs but weighed these up against specific risk factors and potential benefits for particular patients. They were most concerned about long-term use, risks for children, older people, and patients with comorbidities. The second theme was assessing and mitigating risks when prescribing NSAIDs: GPs considered gastric, cardiac, and renal risks of patients as well as drug interactions. Mitigation strategies included alternative treatment, choice and dose of NSAID, and use of gastroprotective agents. The final theme was other factors impacting on NSAID risks: particularly patient expectations and over-the-counter (OTC) availability.ConclusionNSAID prescribing is a complex balance between pragmatism and potential adverse events. Given the costs of morbidity, hospitalisation, and patient demand there is an urgent need to secure a more detailed evidence base and develop practical pathways to support safer prescribing.
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Maksimov, M. L., N. M. Kiseleva, D. G. Semenikhin, and B. K. Romanov. "Adverse reactions with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2008-02.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are included in a pharmacological group of drugs with different chemical structures providing anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions, as well as antiplatelet action to a certain degree. Unfortunately, NSAIDs can cause a wide range of adverse reactions (AR) posing a serious risk to the health and life of patients. Therefore, the rational use of NSAIDs should include methods for effective prevention of drug complications. Many NSAIDs have a pronounced therapeutic effect, simultaneously causing many undesirable effects, so the drug shall be chosen considering the development of predicted side effects and modern algorithms. According to clinical recommendations, risk factors and administration of safer NSAIDs shall be considered as the main prevention method. Besides, it is possible to protect the patient from the upper gastrointestinal tract complications using proton pump inhibitors. It should be noted that there are no effective medication methods for kidney and liver protection to reduce the risk of NSAID-associated complications.
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Pakhomova, I. G., and G. Yu Knorring. "Details of the Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Comorbid Patients. Ways to Minimise the Risks of NSAID-induced GIT Complications." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 7 (2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-7-68-75.
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Objective of the Review: to discuss the most common adverse events from the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for GIT: NSAID-induced esophago-, gastroduodeno- and enteropathy, possible management and the use of various therapies in order to minimize the risks of this pathology. Key Points. NSAIDs are efficient analgetics and anti-inflammatory products widely used in clinical setting. NSAIDs are prescribed mostly to patients with chronic joint and spine conditions. As a lot of patients who take NSAIDs are comorbid, they have frequent adverse reactions to drugs, including NSAIDs, and need stricter control if this is a therapy of choice. Selective NSAIDs (nimesulide) are characterised by good bioavailability; they are efficient pain killers, possess marked anti-inflammatory properties and are relatively safe, thus making it possible to minimise the rate of adverse reactions for GIT. Conclusion. It should be emphasised that the issue of NSAID-induced GIT disorders is still challenging and can be aggravated in comorbid patients. Of prime importance are timely prevention and diagnosis of NSAID-induced GIT disorders and sustainable and individuated NSAID prescription. Keywords: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, comorbidity, NSAID-induced gastroduodenopathy, NSAID-induced enteropathy, nimesulide, Nise
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Lallana, María, Cristina Feja, Isabel Aguilar-Palacio, Sara Malo, and María Rabanaque. "Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Associated Gastroprotection in a Cohort of Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091836.
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Background: This study describes the prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and analyses prescribing patterns of NSAIDs and associated gastroprotection. Methods: The study population consisted of 5650 workers at the General Motors automobile assembly plant in Zaragoza, Spain. NSAID prescription data for 2014 were obtained from the prescription database of Aragon (Spain). NSAID consumption was determined based on the number of defined daily doses purchased per year. Heavy NSAIDs users were identified using Lorenz curves. Results: NSAID use in the cohort was high (40.7% of workers, 95% CI 39.4–41.9). The prescription of proton pump inhibitors increased with age. Gastrointestinal protection was lacking in some participants who were being treated with drugs associated with a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Heavy NSAID users (defined as those above the 95th percentile of consumption), accounted for 26% of total DDDs, and consumed a greater proportion of coxibs than non-heavy users. Conclusions: The rate of NSAID consumption in the cohort was high. To reduce the risk of gastrointestinal complications, monitoring and adequate gastroprotection are essential in patients who are prescribed NSAIDs for long periods of time or who are treated concomitantly with drugs that increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Lucas, Guillherme Nobre Cavalcanti, Ana Carla Carneiro Leitão, Renan Lima Alencar, Rosa Malena Fagundes Xavier, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher, and Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior. "Pathophysiological aspects of nephropathy caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Brazilian Journal of Nephrology 41, no. 1 (March 2019): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0107.
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Abstract Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used medications associated with nephrotoxicity, especially when used chronically. Factors such as advanced age and comorbidities, which in themselves already lead to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increase the risk of NSAID-related nephrotoxicity. The main mechanism of NSAID action is cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition, interfering on arachidonic acid conversion into E2 prostaglandins E2, prostacyclins and thromboxanes. Within the kidneys, prostaglandins act as vasodilators, increasing renal perfusion. This vasodilatation is a counter regulation of mechanisms, such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works and that of the sympathetic nervous system, culminating with compensation to ensure adequate flow to the organ. NSAIDs inhibit this mechanism and can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). High doses of NSAIDs have been implicated as causes of AKI, especially in the elderly. The main form of AKI by NSAIDs is hemodynamically mediated. The second form of NSAID-induced AKI is acute interstitial nephritis, which may manifest as nephrotic proteinuria. Long-term NSAID use can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients without renal diseases, young and without comorbidities, NSAIDs are not greatly harmful. However, because of its dose-dependent effect, caution should be exercised in chronic use, since it increases the risk of developing nephrotoxicity.
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Dionne, Raymond A., and Charles W. Berthold. "Therapeutic Uses of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Dentistry." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 12, no. 4 (July 2001): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411010120040301.
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The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely used classes of drugs for the management of acute and chronic pain in dentistry. Their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity are well-documented and provide evidence that NSAIDs generally provide an acceptable therapeutic ratio of pain relief with fewer adverse effects than the opioid-mild analgesic combination drugs that they have largely replaced for most dental applications. The great many studies done with the oral surgery model of acute pain indicate that a single dose of an NSAID is more effective than combinations of aspirin or acetaminophen plus an opioid, with fewer side-effects, thus making it preferable for ambulatory patients. The combination of an NSAID with an opioid generally results in marginal analgesic activity but with an increased incidence of side-effects, which limits its use to patients in whom the NSAID alone results in inadequate analgesia. The selective COX-2 inhibitors hold promise for clinical efficacy with less toxicity from chronic administration and may prove advantageous for the relief of chronic orofacial pain. The use of repeated doses of NSAIDs for chronic orofacial pain should be re-evaluated in light of a lack of documented efficacy and the potential for serious gastrointestinal and renal toxicity with repeated dosing.
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Velts, N. Yu, T. M. Bukatina, E. O. Zhuravleva, G. V. Kutekhova, M. A. Darmostukova, Yu V. Olefir, B. K. Romanov, S. V. Glagolev, and V. A. Polivanov. "ON THE ISSUE OF SAFETY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS." Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2018-6-3-123-129.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are liders in selling both in the Russian Federation and worldwide. The combination of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects make the drugs of this group very popular in patients with various diseases. The realization of NSAIDs in pharmacies occurs both by prescription and over-the-counter, so the safety assessment of the use of this group of drugs remains relevant. In the current practice, self-administration (responsible selfmedication) of drugs of the NSAID group is an additional factor affecting the safety of their intake. According to the studies, about 40 % of patients taking NSAIDs consider that NSAIDS are absolutely safe, and more than 30 % of those taking OTC NSAIDs use them in excess of the recommended dosages. We analyzed 3963 individual case safety reports (ICSR) in the federal database «Pharmacovigilance» from 07.12.2008 to 31.08.2017. The inclusion criterions was the presence of information on the off-label application of NSAIDs in the ICSR, reports of adverse effects that may be associated with the use of this drug or erroneous reports on the active substance, which was not present in this drug. The most frequent mistakes in the application were an increase of the daily dose, a change in the method of administration to patient who are contraindicated with this drug. There were 9 ICSR of burning sensation in the anus with the introduction of ibuprofen suppositories (not in the label), and 7 ICSR of ineffectiveness of the active substance, which was not present in this drug.
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Nugrahani, Ilma, Diar Herawati, and Marlia Singgih Wibowo. "The Benefits and Challenges of Antibiotics–Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Non-Covalent Reaction." Molecules 28, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093672.
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Recently, non-covalent reactions have emerged as approaches to improve the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), including antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This review aimed to present and discuss the non-covalent reaction products of antibiotics, including salt and neutral multi-component solid forms, by framing their substituents and molar ratios, manufacturing techniques, characterization methods, benefits, potency changes, and toxicity, and is completed with an analysis of the development of computational models used in this field. Based on the data, NSAIDs are the most-developed drugs in multi-component system preparations, followed by antibiotics, i.e., antituberculosis and fluoroquinolones. They have reacted with inorganic elements, excipients, nutraceuticals, natural products, and other drugs. However, in terms of treatments for common infections, fluoroquinolones are more frequently used. Generally, NSAIDs are acquired on an over-the-counter basis, causing inappropriate medication. In addition, the pKa differences between the two groups of medicine offer the potential for them to react non-covalently. Hence, this review highlights fluoroquinolone–NSAID multi-component solid systems, which offer some benefits. These systems can increase patient compliance and promote the appropriate monitoring of drug usage; the dual drug multi-component solids have been proven to improve the physicochemical properties of one or both components, especially in terms of solubility and stability. In addition, some reports show an enhancement of the antibiotic activity of the products. However, it is important to consider the possibility of activity changes, interaction, and toxicity when using drug combinations. Hence, these aspects also are discussed in this review. Finally, we present computational modeling, which has been utilized broadly to support multi-component system designs, including coformer screening, preparation methods, and structural modeling, as well as to predict physicochemical properties, potency, and toxicity. This integrated review is expected to be useful for further antibiotic–NSAID multi-component system development.
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Zavarella, M. M., O. Gbemi, and J. D. Walters. "Accumulation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs by Gingival Fibroblasts." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500511.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to manage pain and inflammatory disorders. We hypothesized that gingival fibroblasts actively accumulate NSAIDs and enhance their levels in gingival connective tissue. Using fluorescence to monitor NSAID transport, we demonstrated that cultured gingival fibroblasts transport naproxen in a saturable, temperature-dependent manner with a Km of 127 μg/mL and a Vmax of 1.42 ng/min/μg protein. At steady state, the intracellular/extracellular concentration ratio was 1.9 for naproxen and 7.2 for ibuprofen. Naproxen transport was most efficient at neutral pH and was significantly enhanced upon cell treatment with TNF-α. In humans, systemically administered naproxen attained steady-state levels of 61.9 μg/mL in blood and 9.4 μg/g in healthy gingival connective tissue, while ibuprofen attained levels of 2.3 μg/mL and 1.5 μg/g, respectively. Thus, gingival fibroblasts possess transporters for NSAIDs that are up-regulated by an inflammatory mediator, but there is no evidence that they contribute to elevated NSAID levels in healthy gingiva.
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Kawashima, Rei, Shun Tamaki, Fumitaka Kawakami, Tatsunori Maekawa, and Takafumi Ichikawa. "Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists Improve Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 8166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218166.
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Dysbiosis, an imbalance of intestinal flora, can cause serious conditions such as obesity, cancer, and psychoneurological disorders. One cause of dysbiosis is inflammation. Ulcerative enteritis is a side effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To counteract this side effect, we proposed the concurrent use of histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA), and we examined the effect on the intestinal flora. We generated a murine model of NSAID-induced intestinal mucosal injury, and we administered oral H2RA to the mice. We collected stool samples, compared the composition of intestinal flora using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and performed organic acid analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography. The intestinal flora analysis revealed that NSAID [indomethacin (IDM)] administration increased Erysipelotrichaceae and decreased Clostridiales but that both had improved with the concurrent administration of H2RA. Fecal levels of acetic, propionic, and n-butyric acids increased with IDM administration and decreased with the concurrent administration of H2RA. Although in NSAID-induced gastroenteritis the proportion of intestinal microorganisms changes, leading to the deterioration of the intestinal environment, concurrent administration of H2RA can normalize the intestinal flora.
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Bakhriansyah, Mohammad, Patrick C. Souverein, Martijn W. F. van den Hoogen, Anthonius de Boer, and Olaf H. Klungel. "Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Users." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 9 (August 15, 2019): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.14331218.
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Background and objectivesNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of <15 days (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.31) nor past use (discontinuation >2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome.ConclusionsThe use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.
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Varga, Zoltán, Milan Kriška, Viera Kristová, and Miriam Petrová. "Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in hospitalized patients and perception of their risk." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2013-0022.
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ABSTRACT Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to the most widely prescribed and used pharmacological agents worldwide. Data gathered in the last decade show increased incidence of thrombotic events during NSAID administration. Analysis of NSAID usage and assessment of risk for development of cardiovascular adverse effects is needed for improving patient safety. For limiting the impact of adverse effects on the health of patients, NSAID users should be informed about the possible adverse effects and their symptoms to ensure early detection and treatment discontinuation. In the presented study, we retrospectively analyzed the administration of NSAIDs in a group of patients (n=428) in need of analgesic treatment hospitalized at a department of internal medicine. Factors increasing the risk for cardiovascular adverse effects were also investigated. A separate questionnaire study was conducted to gather information concerning the knowledge of hospitalized NSAID users (n=251) about adverse effects of the medication used. For purpose of comparison, we conducted a similar study in a group of 234 random respondents from a shopping center. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Student´s t-test and chi-squared test. Our results suggest that the majority of patients treated with NSAIDs have factors indicating increased risk of development of adverse effects, most commonly arterial hypertension (58.2% of patients). The results of our questionnaire study show limited knowledge of NSAID users about the risk of the therapy. Nearly half of the respondents were unaware of any adverse effects. We consider as alarming that only a limited number of respondents were informed by their physician or pharmacist about the possible risks of treatment. In conclusion, we found that hospitalized NSAID users often have a history of diseases predisposing to the development of cardiovascular adverse effects of NSAIDs. Despite this, their knowledge about the risk of treatment is insufficient.
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Jones, Rachel A., Yann Thillier, Siva S. Panda, Nicole Rivera Rosario, C. Dennis Hall, and Alan R. Katritzky. "Synthesis and characterisation of glucosamine–NSAID bioconjugates." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 41 (2014): 8325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob01681e.
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Miranda, Hugo F., Viviana Noriega, Fernando Sierralta, Paula Poblete, Nicolas Aranda, and Juan Carlos Prieto. "Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Tonic, Phasic and Inflammatory Mouse Models." Drug Research 69, no. 10 (June 28, 2019): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0956-673.
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AbstractThe principal mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the inhibition of ciclooxigenases. In this study was evaluated if NSAIDs could induce antinociceptive differences according to the type of murine pain model. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with meloxicam, diclofenac, piroxicam, metamizol, ibuprofen, naproxen and paracetamol in the writhing, tail flick and formalin orofacial tests and dose-response were analyzed to obtain the ED50 of each drugs. Administration of NSAIDs produced in a dose-dependent antinociception with different potency in the tests. The relative potency of NSAIDs among the tests shows a value of 5.53 in the orofacial formalin test in phase I and 6.34 in phase II between meloxicam and paracetamol; of 7.60 in the writhing test between meloxicam and paracetamol and of 8.46 in the tail flick test between ibuprofen and paracetamol. If the comparison is made for each NSAID in the different tests, the minimum value was 0.01 for between writhing and phase II of the orofacial formalin. Meanwhile, the highest power ratio was 11.71 for diclofenac between writhing and tail flick tests. In conclusion, the results suggests that intraperitoneal NSAIDs administration induce antinociceptive activity depending on the type of pain. The results support that NSAIDs administration, induce a wide variety of antinociceptive effect, depending on the type of pain. This suggest the participation of different mechanisms of action that can be added to the simple inhibition of COXs controlled by NSAIDs.
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Ben Abdelghani, K., Y. Gzam, A. Fazaa, S. Miladi, K. Ouenniche, S. Kassab, L. Souabni, S. Chekili, and A. Laatar. "AB0635 HOW ARE NON STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAID) PRESCRIBED IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1613.1–1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6221.
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Background:For decades, NSAID have been used as the first-line drugs to treat axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). However, the NSAID prescription strategy is not clearly detailed and it varies from one clinician to another.Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the NSAID prescription modalities adopted in ax-SpA and the differences between these modalities.Methods:This is a descriptive study including 200 cases of ax-SpA fulfilling the ASAS 2009 criteria and diagnosed between January 2000 and October 2019. The demographic and clinical features of the ax-SpA were collected and the modalities of prescription of NSAID were retrospectively assessed.Results:Our population consists of 138 men and 62 women with a mean age of 43,3 ± 11,2 years. The HLA B-27 antigen was present in 50,8% of cases. The ax-SpA was a pure axial form in 67% of patients, associated with peripheral arthritis, enthesitis and dactylitis in 19%, 21,5% and 1,5% respectively.One hundred eighty patients (90%) had been treated with NSAIDs. The NSAIDs used were: the Diclofenac (57.5%), Indomethacin (37.5%), Piroxicam (36%), clecoxib (34%), Naproxen (29.5%) and ketoprofen (13%). Seventy-three patients (36.5%) had used at least 3 NSAIDs.Among the 180 patients treated with NSAID, 88 patients (48,8%) were treated with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) in association with NSAID: Salazopyrine (43,3%) and Methotrexate (13,3%). Seventy-one patients (39,4%) had necessitated the use of anti-TNF alpha.NSAIDs were used continuously in 115 patients (63.8%) and the maximum dose of NSAIDs was used in 78 patients (43.3%). By comparing patients who used maximum doses of NSAIDs and those who used NSAID continuously with other patients, we noticed that the use of biological treatments was more frequent in those groups (p = 0,01 and p=0,004 respectively).In addition, while comparing the group of patients co-treated with csDMARDs with other patients treated with NSAID on monotherapy, we noted that this group of patients had more arthritis (p<0,0001), enthesitis (p=0,02), psoriasis (p=0,04) and necessitated more biological treatments (p=0,01).Conclusion:Our results suggest that maximal doses and/or continuous prescription of NSAID were mainly used if there was no response to that treatment. The csDMARDs were more prescribed if there were peripheral manifestations or psoriatic arthritis and those forms were also more candidates to biological treatments.References:[1]Wang R, et al. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. 2019;Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Roy, Rajdip, Meduri Bhagyalalitha, Pritam Choudhury, and Parthasarathi Dastidar. "Salt metathesis for developing injectable supramolecular metallohydrogelators as a multi-drug-self-delivery system." Chemical Communications 52, no. 95 (2016): 13811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07712a.
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Coolsen, MME, SJ Leedham, and RJ Guy. "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced diaphragm disease: an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 8 (November 2016): e189-e191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0235.
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Surgeons frequently deal with small bowel obstruction. However, small bowel obstruction caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced diaphragm disease is very rare. The diagnosis is challenging, as symptoms are often non-specific and radiological studies remain inconclusive. We present a case of a 63-year-old man who, after an extensive diagnostic work-up and small bowel resection for obstructive symptoms, was finally diagnosed with NSAID-induced diaphragm disease as confirmed by histology. An unusual aspect of this case is that the patient stopped using NSAIDs after he was diagnosed with a gastric ulcer 2–years previously. This suggests that NSAID-induced diaphragms of the small bowel take some time to develop and underlines the importance of careful history taking.
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Baiomi, Ahmed, Hafsa Abbas, Shehriyar Mehershahi, and Myrta Daniel. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Rare Cause of Colonic Mass." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 15, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000511748.
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NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are one of the most used medications worldwide. Every day they are used by more than 30 million Americans. Here, we report a rare and interesting case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of NSAID use who presented to our emergency room with lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with intravenous contrast revealed focal mucosal thickening in the cecum which was highly suspicious for colonic malignancy. She had a colonoscopy which showed two masses and ulcers in the right colon, pathology was negative for malignancy and showed inflammation consistent with NSAID colopathy.
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Maniewska, Jadwiga, and Dagmara Jeżewska. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention." Cancers 13, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040594.
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Since colorectal cancer is one of the world’s most common cancers, studies on its prevention and early diagnosis are an emerging area of clinical oncology these days. For this study, a review of randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trials of selected NSAIDs (aspirin, sulindac and celecoxib) in chemoprevention of colorectal cancer was conducted. The main molecular anticancer activity of NSAIDs is thought to be a suppression of prostaglandin E2 synthesis via cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, which causes a decrease in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and increases apoptosis. The lower incidence of colorectal cancer in the NSAID patients suggests the long-lasting chemopreventive effect of drugs studied. This new approach to therapy of colorectal cancer may transform the disease from a terminal to a chronic one that can be taken under control.
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Golovacheva, A. A., V. A. Golovacheva, and V. A. Parfenov. "Kinesiotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for nonspecific lumbago." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 14, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2022-1-89-96.
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A combined approach is recommended to treat chronic non-specific low back pain (lumbago), including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Kinesiotherapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a high level of evidence in chronic lumbago. Kinesiotherapy includes posture and daily motor activity regimen training, a complex of therapeutic and breathing exercises, post-isometric relaxation, and other physical exercises. NSAIDs reduce pain, improve functional status, and increase patients' adherence to kinesiotherapy, relieving pain in the first days of treatment. A specific NSAID administration is usually individualized, considering the comorbidities and the risk of possible side effects. The use of meloxicam (Movalis) for back pain is discussed.
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Keys, J., P. H. G. Beardon, C. Jau, C. C. Lang, and D. G. McDevitt. "General Practitioners' Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Tayside and Fife Regions." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 85, no. 8 (August 1992): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107689208500806.
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The objectives of this study were to assess the prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by general practitioners and to determine their attitudes to problems caused by this class of drugs. The study consisted of two parts. The first was a questionnaire survey among general practitioners in Fife and Tayside, and the second was an analysis of NSAID prescribing over 12 months among the doctors in the Carnoustie Health Centre, using duplicate prescriptions. In the questionnaire survey 61% of the general practitioners responded. The three most preferred drugs were buprofen (56%), naproxen (20%) and mefenamic acid (7%); choice of drug was determined by efficacy and personal experience. Gastrointestinal side effects were most frequently encountered, although there was little consensus amongst respondents as to their management. The duplicate prescription study showed that 14% of patients (1607 individuals) received at least one NSAID prescription in the year of study Ibuprofen (31%), naproxen (20%) and piroxicam (15%) were most frequently prescribed and up to 16% of the patients were co-prescribed a gastroprotective agent; ranitidine (75%) was the most commonly prescribed. Despite the introduction of newere NSAIDs, ibuprofen and naproxen are still the most commonly prescribed drugs. Furthermore, although gastrointestinal side effects are commonly encountered, there is some uncertainty about their management.
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Phueanpinit, Pacharaporn, Juraporn Pongwecharak, Janet Krska, and Narumol Jarernsiripornkul. "Evaluation of community pharmacists’ roles in screening and communication of risks about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Thailand." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 6 (March 19, 2018): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423618000142.
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AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore community pharmacists’ roles on screening for risk factors, providing safety information-related non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to patients.BackgroundNSAIDs are widely dispensed without a prescription from pharmacies in Thailand, while they are frequently reported as causing adverse events.MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires were distributed to all accredited pharmacies in Thailand, inviting the main pharmacist in each pharmacy to participate in this study.FindingsOut of 406 questionnaires distributed, 159 were returned (39.2%). Almost all pharmacists claimed to engage in NSAID dispensing practice, but not all of them provided relevant good practice, such as, screening for risk factors (56.3–95.5%), communication on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (36.9–63.2%) and ADR management (58.9–79.7%), history of gastrointestinal (GI) problems was frequently mentioned for screening, but many pharmacists did not screen for history of NSAID use (24.7–35.5%), older age (45.2–48.9%), concomitant drug (63.7%), and problems of cardiovascular (24.1%), renal (34.9–43.3%), and liver systems (60.3–61.0%). Male pharmacists were significantly less likely to inform users of non-selective NSAIDs about ADRs [odds ratio (OR) 0.44], while provision of information about selective NSAID ADRs was higher among pharmacy owners (OR 2.28), pharmacies with more pharmacists (OR 3.18), and lower in pharmacies with assistants (OR 0.41). Screening for risk factors, and risk communication about NSAIDs were not generally conducted in Thai accredited community pharmacists, nor were NSAID complications fully communicated. Promoting of community pharmacists’ roles in NSAID dispensing should give priority to improving, especially in high-risk patients for taking NSAIDs.
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Bakhritdinova, F., K. I. Narzikulova Kumri Islamovna, Sh A. Yusupov, and M. E. Egamberdieva. "ESTIMATION OF TOLERANCE OF A DOMESTIC NON-STEROID ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF EXTRACTION OF CATARACTS." Вісник медичних і біологічних досліджень, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/bmbr.2706-6290.2021.2.12343.
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Summary. The article discusses the efficacy and tolerability of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory domestic drug after cataract extraction, the severity of side effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
The aim of the study – optimization of methods of postoperative treatment of cataracts using the domestic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Diclofenac drug, 0.1 % eye drops, produced by JV “Jurabek Laboratories” LLC.
Materials and Methods. The study included patients who were at inpatient treatment at the Clinic No. 2 of the Tashkent Medical Academy. The study group included 60 people: 21 men and 39 women, the age of patients was 18–73 years. In two groups, we compared the efficacy and tolerability of domestic and foreign NSAIDs after cataract extraction.
Results. The effectiveness of the complex treatment is confirmed by the reduction in the duration of relief of the main symptoms of inflammation in patients of both groups. Both drugs did not cause side effects and were well tolerated by patients. Tolerability of the treatment in the group receiving domestic NSAIDs was 93.4 %, in the group receiving foreign NSAIDs – 95.7 %.
Conclusions. According to the results of our studies, it was proved that therapy after cataract extraction with the use of a domestic-made NSAID is not inferior in efficiency and tolerability to a foreign-made drug and can be used in the postoperative period of cataract.
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Y, Dicko M., Katile D, Tounkara M. S, Soumare G, Doumbia N, Doumbia K. Épouse Samake, Sow H. Épouse Coulibaly, et al. "Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Hospitals in Bamako, Mali." SAS Journal of Medicine 8, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2022.v08i04.024.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in digestive bleeding in a hospital setting and in a context of social and security instability. Patients and methods: This was a prospective and analytical study that took place in the Hepato-Gastroenterology Department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital over a period of two years and included all patients hospitalized for digestive hemorrhage. These patients had benefited from the research of sociodemographic characteristics, the notion of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (dose and duration), a physical examination and a digestive endoscopy. Results: At the end of this study, 78 cases of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use out of 210 patients hospitalized for digestive hemorrhage were recorded, i.e. a frequency of 37.1%. The mean age of our patients was 47.01±19.3 years with a sex ratio of 2.9. Housewives and farmers represented 28.2% and 20.5% respectively. Hematemesis was the reason for consultation in 71.8%. Digestive hemorrhage and smoking were the most common antecedents. Diclofenac was the most commonly used drug in 53.9% of cases, with bleeding occurring in the first week after taking the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in 53.9% of cases. Signs of hypovolemic shock were frequently found. The GD ulcer was the cause found in 66.2% of cases. Hemorrhage occurred significantly (p=10-8) in the first week of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and was significantly associated with NSAID use. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of death between the molecules. Conclusion: NSAID-induced GI bleeding in adults is one of the major GI emergencies and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality.
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Barry, S. "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit bone healing: A review." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23, no. 06 (2010): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-01-0017.
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SummaryThe ability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to inhibit bone healing has been established in experimental animal models using mice, rats, and rabbits. The mechanism of action is largely unknown but stems from prostaglandin inhibition and is likely multifactorial. In human medicine NSAID are known to prevent heterotopic ossification, however the clinical importance of their effects on bone healing remains controversial. Although a small handful of reports suggest that NSAID suppress bone healing in dogs and horses, there is little published information to direct veterinary practice in domestic species.
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Leonova, M. V., and E. E. Alimova. "Pharmacogenetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: existing problems for clinical practice." Medical Council, no. 21 (January 20, 2019): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-204-209.
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NSAIDs are the most commonly used drugs in clinical practice for pain relief in various diseases. To date, considerable scientific material has been accumulated on the pharmacogenetics of NSAIDs and the role of genetic factors that can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, changing the efficacy and toxicity profile. The most clinically significant changes in pharmacokinetics in carriers of slow alleles of CYP2C9*3 have been identified for celecoxib and flurbiprofen, which determines the need for testing and lowering of drug doses. Studies were carried out to study the role of polymorphism of the metabolizing enzymes CYP2C9, CYP2C8, UGT in the development of gastrotoxicity and gastrointestinal bleeding during application NSAIDs, as well as diclofenac’s hepatotoxicity. The association of «slow» alleles CYP2C8*3 and CYP2C9*2,*3 with the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with NSAID use, which are substrates of CYP2C9 and CYP2C8, is shown. The effect of variants of alleles PTGS1 (gene COX-1) and PTGS2 (gene COX-2) on pharmacodynamics, efficacy and toxicity of NSAIDs, in particular, the severity of the analgesic effect and cardiotoxicity of the drugs, was studied. In this way, pharmacogenetic predictors of adverse effects that patients can experience, and the need for dose adjustment based on the patient’s genotype, or individualizing the choice of alternative NSAIDs to increase the effectiveness of analgesia, have been determined.
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Chua, S. S., and T. Paraidathathu. "Utilisation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) through Community Pharmacies in Malaysia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17, no. 2 (July 2005): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950501700210.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by consumers who obtained these drugs from community pharmacies. Factors that influenced community pharmacists in their choice of NSAIDs were also determined. Personal interviews were conducted on consumers who visited the 25 participating community pharmacies throughout Malaysia. Of the 389 respondents, 49% requested for an NSAID by name, 42% asked the pharmacist to recommend a medication and 9% had a doctor's prescription. NSAIDs were mainly purchased for joint/shoulder pain and the most commonly dispensed was diclofenac. Elderly respondents were more likely to be dispensed a selective COX-2 inhibitor than those below 60. NSAIDs were recommended based mainly on the pharmacist's perception of their efficacy, cost and safety. Community pharmacists play an important role in assisting patients in choosing the most appropriate NSAID for their health problems. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005; 17(2): 117-123.
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Morris, AJ, U. Potter, HA Capell, RD Sturrock, FD Lee, T. Collins, and JF MacKenzie. "Jejunal lesions in human non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) enteropathy." Gastroenterology 108, no. 4 (April 1995): A879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)27824-9.
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Zhiryakova, A. S., N. P. Denisenko, A. V. Kryukov, A. V. Matveev, K. B. Mirzaev, and D. A. Sychev. "Pharmacogenetic predictors of the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2588-0527-2022-1-31-36.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed medications; however, their use may be associated with the development of numerous adverse reactions. Purpose of work: to analyze the data of studies, in which the influence of pharmacogenetic features of patients on the safety of NSAID therapy was studied. The results of numerous studies show that the safety of NSAIDs may be associated with the CYP2C9, CYP2C8, PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms. The allele frequency of these genes varies in different ethnic groups. Thus, the development of a personalized approach based on genetic, clinical and demographic, and ethnic factors of patients will improve the safety of NSAID therapy
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Jakovljevic, Aleksandar, Emira Lazic, Neda Perunovic, and Nenad Nedeljkovic. "The use of ibuprofen in the treatment of postoperative pain in dentistry." Serbian Dental Journal 61, no. 3 (2014): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1403134j.
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Postoperative pain is common complication after daily dental care. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among most widely prescribed analgesics for management of postoperative pain. The analgesic effect of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) is related to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen (2-proprionic acid derivate) was discovered in the 1960s as a representative of NSAIDs. It is a peripherally acting analgesic with a potent anti-inflammatory action. An extensive retrospective analysis of randomized clinical trials conducted over the last 40 years demonstrated that ibuprofen is effective in moderate to severe postoperative pain for different indications in dentistry. In comparison to other NSAIDs, ibuprofen is characterized by its efficiency, safety and good tolerance. The aim of this article was to present the most important pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics and side effects of ibuprofen used for postoperative pain treatment in dentistry.
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Patrekar, Prasad V., Sachin S. Mali, Komal Kashid, Snehal More, Savita S. Mali, and Sujata D. Dongare. "A overview: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and mechanisms." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 2, no. 04 (December 31, 2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.2.4.16.
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The inflammatory response represents a generalized response to infection or tissue damage and is designed to remove cellular debris, to localize invading organisms and arrest the spread of infection. NSAIDS are metabolized primarily in the liver. They vary in their half-lives and bioavailability. Given the multitude of available NSAIDs, the variability of their half-lives allows for different dosing regimens. The fluid in the inflamed area is known as inflammatory exudates, commonly called as pus. These exudates contain dead cells and debris in addition to body fluids. The inflammatory response is characterized by the following symptoms: Reddening of the localized area, swelling, pain and elevated temperature. Reddening results from capillary dialation that allows more blood to flow to the damaged tissue. Elevated temperature results from capillary dialation which permits increased blood flow through these vessels, with associated high metabolic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The release of histamine from mast cells during antigen antibody reactions is well known, as is its involvement in the inflammatory response to skin injury. The present review focused on list and precautions of NSAID with its typed and classification, Analgesic activity study, histamine.
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Orekhova, L. Yu, E. S. Loboda, V. G. Atrushkevich, E. V. Kosova, V. Yu Vashneva, and A. A. Petrov. "Relevance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in periodontology." Parodontologiya 26, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-3-211-222.
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Relevance. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed in dental practice to relieve pain and swelling. This study reviews information on NSAIDs, with a particular focus on those aspects that are relevant to the practice of dentistry.Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was conducted, which included studies dating from 1970 to June 2021. The search in the electronic databases e-LIBRARY.ru, Embase, Pubmed and Medline identified the studies. Articles were reviewed by meeting the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria.Results. Initially, the electronic search identified 589 studies. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 69 potentially relevant studies were subject to full-text evaluation. Of these, 34 studies were excluded based on study design, research question, or lack of numerical data on all variables to be assessed in this study, so 35 studies with a detailed list of such data could be included in the quantitative comparison.Conclusion. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may alter the inflammatory response in the treatment of oral diseases. The conducted studies have brought up questions about the effectiveness and alternative ways of NSAID delivery in dentistry, namely, dispersible formulation.
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Schlondorff, D. "Renal complications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 11, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1906–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027711.
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Schlöndorff, Detlef. "Renal complications of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 1906–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/11.9.1906.
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Puhl, Ana C., Flora A. Milton, Aleksandra Cvoro, Douglas H. Sieglaff, Jéssica C. L. Campos, Amanda Bernardes, Carly S. Filgueira, et al. "Mechanisms of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ Regulation by Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs." Nuclear Receptor Signaling 13, no. 1 (January 2015): nrs.13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1621/nrs.13004.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) display anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties by inhibiting cyclooxygenases and blocking prostaglandin production. Previous studies, however, suggested that some NSAIDs also modulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), raising the possibility that such off target effects contribute to the spectrum of clinically relevant NSAID actions. In this study, we set out to understand how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ/PPARG) interacts with NSAIDs using X-ray crystallography and to relate ligand binding modes to effects on receptor activity. We find that several NSAIDs (sulindac sulfide, diclofenac, indomethacin and ibuprofen) bind PPARγ and modulate PPARγ activity at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Diclofenac acts as a partial agonist and binds to the PPARγ ligand binding pocket (LBP) in typical partial agonist mode, near the β-sheets and helix 3. By contrast, two copies of indomethacin and sulindac sulfide bind the LBP and, in aggregate, these ligands engage in LBP contacts that resemble agonists. Accordingly, both compounds, and ibuprofen, act as strong partial agonists. Assessment of NSAID activities in PPARγ-dependent 3T3-L1 cells reveals that NSAIDs display adipogenic activities and exclusively regulate PPARγ-dependent target genes in a manner that is consistent with their observed binding modes. Further, PPARγ knockdown eliminates indomethacin activities at selected endogenous genes, confirming receptor-dependence of observed effects. We propose that it is important to consider how individual NSAIDs interact with PPARγ to understand their activities, and that it will be interesting to determine whether high dose NSAID therapies result in PPAR activation.
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Sulaieva, O. N., and J. L. Wallace. "Trends in development of gi-safe anti-inflammatory drugs." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 3 (May 10, 2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-3-222-227.
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Despite the introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs that selectively inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, the gastrointestinal adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain a significant clinical problem. Combined use of antisecretory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors is helpful to limit the damage in the proximal gastrointestinal tract (stomach and duodenum), but it increases the risk of injury of small intestine and colon. It was proven that proton pump inhibitors and H2 receptor antagonists significantly worsen NSAID-induced small intestinal damage and microbiota balance. Nowadays, there is no proven effective preventative or curative treatment for NSAID-induced enteropathy. The new strategy of gastrointestinal protection is based on the discovery of endogenous cytoprotective molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S). H2S is a gaseous mediator that produces strong cytoprotective and antioxidant effect on the gastrointestinal tract. The role of H2S in promoting mucosal integrity, healing of tissue injury and resolution of inflammation has been well documented. In addition, H2S stimulates productions of other cytoprotective molecules including prostaglandins, carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. Nowadays, the new generation of H2S-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is developed and tested in clinical trials. H2S-NSAIDs possess enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and high gastrointestinal safety.
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Monteiro, Cristina, Samuel Silvestre, Ana Paula Duarte, and Gilberto Alves. "Safety of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Elderly: An Analysis of Published Literature and Reports Sent to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 3541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063541.
Full textAbstract:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently used agents to treat musculoskeletal disorders (principally by the elderly), thus raising the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This work aims to monitor NSAIDs safety profile in older people by using literature and pharmacovigilance data. Published clinical studies reporting the NSAIDs safety in elderly patients (age ≥ 65) were identified by a literature search and were then deeply analyzed. In addition, suspected ADRs reports submitted to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System (PPS) involving patients aged ≥65 with at least one NSAID as suspected drug were explored in detail. Most studies concluded that the risk of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal ADRs was significantly lower with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective NSAIDs use than with nonselective NSAIDs. The PPS data analysis showed that serious gastrointestinal ADRs occurred mostly in patients taking more than one NSAID and/or another concomitant drug that increases the incidence of these events, in the absence of gastroprotection. The results suggest that while NSAID toxicity is well understood, their safe use needs to be monitored in clinical practice. Furthermore, the pharmacovigilance data analyzed also showed that monitoring NSAIDs use in elderly remains essential to mitigate the associated risks, especially in those with comorbidities and under polytherapy.
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Caruso, Sara, Erica Miller, and Robert Poppenga. "Pharmacokinetic Study of Non–steroidal Anti–inflammatory Drugs in Wildlife Rehabilitation Birds." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v24.197.
Full textAbstract:
While the use of non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is common in many veterinary practices, there is little information on the efficacy and appropriate dosage levels in avian species. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of one NSAID, meloxicam, given orally to wild birds undergoing rehabilitation. Meloxicam was administered at 1 mg/kg. The primary species studied was Canada goose, but red–tailed hawk was included as a comparison between these species of birds. After administration of meloxicam, blood samples were taken at a series of time intervals to determine the concentration of drug in the serum over time. The study concluded that 1 mg/kg is an appropriate dosage but should be administered twice daily instead of once a day due to the elimination rate in Canada geese. These results suggest that red–tailed hawks absorb and eliminate meloxicam at a different rate, but additional studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Neupane, Ganesh Prasad, Maya Rai, and Poojan Kumar Rokaya. "Patterns of prescription and adverse drug reaction profile of Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs at orthopedic out-patients department." Nepal Medical College Journal 24, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i2.46045.
Full textAbstract:
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed drugs all over the world. These are used in the treatment of pain and inflammation. Systematic evaluation of prescription patterns and monitoring of adverse drug reactions is required to increase the therapeutic benefit and decrease the adverse effects of these drugs. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months from September 2021 to February 2022 in 300 patients prescribed least one NSAID to assess the prescription patterns and adverse drug reaction profile (ADR) of NSAIDs prescribed in the orthopedic outpatient department. Among enrolled patients 52% were female and 48% were male. The most common age group was 20-39. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.89. A total of 868 drugs were prescribed, out of which 402 were NSAIDs (46.31%). Naproxen was the most prescribed agent (45.02%), followed by Diclofenac (17.17%). ADR was reported in 12% of patients. Most of the ADRs were due to Naproxen (72.18%) followed by Ibuprofen (16.66%). The gastrointestinal system was involved in maximum patients and the most common ADR was abdominal pain. Most of the drugs were prescribed by brand name 95.18%. Naproxen was the most prescribed NSAID and responsible for most ADRs. There was a higher prevalence of irrational prescribing, polypharmacy, and underreporting of ADR. A strategy must be developed and implemented for prescribing and rational use of NSAIDs and monitoring their harmful effects.
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Kinsey, Tracy L., Til Stürmer, Michele Jonsson Funk, Charles Poole, Ross J. Simpson, and Robert J. Glynn. "Incidence of venous thromboembolism following initiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in U.S. women." Rheumatology 59, no. 9 (January 28, 2020): 2502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez653.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e. deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both) following new use of NSAIDs in a long-term cohort of U.S. women. Methods We investigated initiation of coxibs and traditional NSAIDs (excluding aspirin) and incident VTE in 39 876 women enrolled in the Women’s Health Study from 1993–95 and followed with yearly questionnaires until 2012. We defined initiation as the first reported use of NSAIDs for ≥4 days per month. Incident VTE was confirmed by an end point committee. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and risk differences (RDs, expressed as percentages) comparing NSAID initiation with non-initiation and acetaminophen initiation (active comparator) via standardization using a propensity score that incorporated age, BMI, calendar time, and relevant medical, behavioural, and socioeconomic variables updated over time. Results The HR (95% CI) for risk of VTE in the as treated analyses comparing initiation with non-initiation, was 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) for any NSAID, 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) for traditional NSAIDs, and 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) for coxibs, with 2-year RDs 0.11, 0.08 and 0.32, respectively. When comparing the risk of VTE after initiation of any NSAID with that after acetaminophen initiation, the HRs were 0.9 (0.6, 1.5), 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) and 1.4 (0.6, 3.4), with 2-year RDs 0.03, –0.01, and 0.13, respectively. Conclusion New use of NSAIDs was associated with increased VTE risk compared with non-use, but the association was null or diminished when compared with acetaminophen initiation. Elevated VTE risks associated with NSAID use in observational studies may in part reflect different baseline risks among individuals who need analgesics and may overstate the risk patients incur compared with pharmacologic alternatives.
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Ren, Jiaojiao, Peidong Zhang, Zhihao Li, Xiru Zhang, Wenfang Zhong, Weiqi Song, Xing Wang, Pingming Gao, and Chen Mao. "Association of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Genetic Risk, and Environmental Risk Factors with Incidence of Colorectal Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 5138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205138.
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Regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with the lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether regular use of NSAIDs could attenuate the effect of genetic risk and environmental risk factors on CRC is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of NSAID use, genetic risk, and environmental risk factors with CRC. Using data from a UK Biobank, a Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate the risk of CRC according to NSAID use, polygenic risk score, and environmental risk factors. Regular use of NSAIDs was associated with a 36.0% lower risk of CRC. No statistically significant interaction was observed between NSAID use and the genetic risk score (p = 0.190), and between NSAID use and the environmental risk score (p = 0.740). However, regular NSAID use was still associated with lower CRC incidence among subjects with either high environmental risk or high genetic risk. Furthermore, the genetic and environmental risk of CRC were additives. These findings appear to support the chemopreventive effect of regular NSAID use. Furthermore, controlling of modifiable environmental risk factors can reduce the CRC risk, especially among individuals with a moderate or high genetic risk of CRC.