Academic literature on the topic 'Non-static calibration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-static calibration"
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Högström, R., J. Salminen, and M. Heinonen. "Calibration of hygrometers at non-static conditions." Measurement Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 034003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab56a6.
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Kawalec, Małgorzata, Czerwińska Karolina, and Andrzej Pacana. "Influence of Technical Condition of Control and Measurement Equipment on Calibration Results." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2021-0009.
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Abstract In the paper there are analyzed the procedures used in the process of calibrating concerning control and measurement equipment. There was assumed the mathematical model of the measuring instrument which was then analyzed. The factors that result from the imperfect technical condition of the control and measurement equipment and may have an impact on the measurement results were also analyzed. Models of errors’ models were assumed that may affect the calibration results. The static calibration of control and measurement equipment was analyzed. The results of numerical simulations concerning the static calibration of control and measurement equipment were presented, taking into account the linear and non-linear processing functions of the measurement equipment. The results of computations obtained for various models of processing functions were compared with each other and conclusions were drawn regarding the accuracy of the mapping of the measured quantity.
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Wang Zongyang, 汪宗洋, 王斌 Wang Bin, 吴元昊 Wu Yuanhao, 孟浩然 Meng Haoran, 刘欣悦 Liu Xinyue, and 林旭东 Lin Xudong. "Calibration of Non-Common Path Static Aberrations by Using Phase Diversity Technology." Acta Optica Sinica 32, no. 7 (2012): 0701007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201232.0701007.
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Ou, Jia, Tingfa Xu, Xiaochuan Gan, Xuejun He, Yan Li, Jiansu Qu, and Wei Zhang. "Research on a Dynamic Calibration Method for Photogrammetry Based on Rotary Motion." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2023): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053317.
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Photogrammetry as an engineering measurement technology for the rapid and non-contact acquisition of geometric parameters, such as the attitude, position, and shape of a measured object, is widely used in the development and production processes of the aerospace and automobile industries. The calibration of a corresponding photogrammetry system is the basis for ensuring the accuracy of photogrammetry. The dynamic and static calibration of existing photogrammetry systems has not yet established a system calibration specification or standard, and such calibration has mainly focused on the internal and external parameters of the camera used in a photogrammetry system. The calibration of static parameters cannot fully guarantee the dynamic performance of a photogrammetry system in the process of measuring dynamic targets or micro-deformations. Aiming at the problem of dynamic parameter calibration of photogrammetry systems, this paper proposes a dynamic calibration method based on a circular trajectory standard device, which can realize the calibration of parameters, such as dynamic length measurement error, and ensure an accurate evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of photogrammetry systems.
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Wang, Shuang, Hua Zhang, and Guijin Wang. "OMC-SLIO: Online Multiple Calibrations Spinning LiDAR Inertial Odometry." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010248.
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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is often combined with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to get the LiDAR inertial odometry (LIO) for robot localization and mapping. In order to apply LIO efficiently and non-specialistically, self-calibration LIO is a hot research topic in the related community. Spinning LiDAR (SLiDAR), which uses an additional rotating mechanism to spin a common LiDAR and scan the surrounding environment, achieves a large field of view (FoV) with low cost. Unlike common LiDAR, in addition to the calibration between the IMU and the LiDAR, the self-calibration odometer for SLiDAR must also consider the mechanism calibration between the rotating mechanism and the LiDAR. However, existing self-calibration LIO methods require the LiDAR to be rigidly attached to the IMU and do not take the mechanism calibration into account, which cannot be applied to the SLiDAR. In this paper, we propose firstly a novel self-calibration odometry scheme for SLiDAR, named the online multiple calibration inertial odometer (OMC-SLIO) method, which allows online estimation of multiple extrinsic parameters among the LiDAR, rotating mechanism and IMU, as well as the odometer state. Specially, considering that the rotating and static parts of the motor encoder inside the SLiDAR are rigidly connected to the LiDAR and IMU respectively, we formulate the calibration within the SLiDAR as two separate sets of calibrations: the mechanism calibration between the LiDAR and the rotating part of the motor encoder and the sensor calibration between the static part of the motor encoder and the IMU. Based on such a SLiDAR calibration formulation, we can construct a well-defined kinematic model from the LiDAR to the IMU with the angular information from the motor encoder. Based on the kinematic model, a two-stage motion compensation method is presented to eliminate the point cloud distortion resulting from LiDAR spinning and platform motion. Furthermore, the mechanism and sensor calibration as well as the odometer state are wrapped in a measurement model and estimated via an error-state iterative extended Kalman filter (ESIEKF). Experimental results show that our OMC-SLIO is effective and attains excellent performance.
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Toledo, Pedro, Paolo Crovetti, Hamilton Klimach, and Sergio Bampi. "Dynamic and Static Calibration of Ultra-Low-Voltage, Digital-Based Operational Transconductance Amplifiers." Electronics 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060983.
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The calibration of the effects of process variations and device mismatch in Ultra Low Voltage (ULV) Digital-Based Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (DB-OTAs) is addressed in this paper. For this purpose, two dynamic calibration techniques, intended to dynamically vary the effective strength of critical gates by different modulation strategies, i.e., Digital Pulse Width Modulation (DPWM) and Dyadic Digital Pulse Modulation (DDPM), are explored and compared to classic static calibration. The effectiveness of the calibration approaches as a mean to recover acceptable performance in non-functional samples is verified by Monte-Carlo (MC) post-layout simulations performed on a 300 mV power supply, nW-power DB-OTA in 180 nm CMOS. Based on the same MC post-layout simulations, the impact of each calibration strategy on silicon area, power consumption, and OTA performance is discussed.
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Di Pasquo, Alessio, Enrico Monaco, Nicola Ghittori, Claudio Nani, and Luca Fanucci. "A Track-and-Hold Circuit with Tunable Non-Linearity and a Calibration Loop for PAM-8 SerDes Receivers." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142199.
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In this brief, we propose a 60 GS/s high-linearity two-stage 8 × 8 time-interleaved track-and-hold circuit where it is possible to tune the static non-linearities of the second-stage buffer by applying a proper bias voltage. This allows us to maximize the static linearity of the buffer or introduce effects that counterbalance the non-linearities of other blocks of the analog front-end. To validate the proposed circuit, a prototype in TSMC 5 nm technology is designed and a linearity calibration loop is proposed for a Pulse Amplitude Modulation SerDes receiver. For the analog buffer, circuit-level simulations are performed in Cadence Virtuoso, while the calibration loop is simulated in MATLAB. The optimal bias voltage value can be found by modeling the track-and-hold linearity using a Taylor series and implementing the linearity calibration loop in MATLAB. By applying this result to the circuit-level simulation, we obtain a total harmonic distortion of over 50 dB, which matches with the maximum value achievable across the complete bias voltage control range. Lastly, the linearity of the system is also verified using a PAM-8 pseudorandom stream signal.
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Leguízamo, Alejandro, Seung C. Lee, Elizabeth L. Jeglic, and Cynthia Calkins. "Utility of the Static-99 and Static-99R With Latino Sex Offenders." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 8 (December 16, 2015): 765–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215618377.
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The predictive validity of the Static-99 measures with ethnic minorities in the United States has only recently been assessed with mixed results. We assessed the predictive validity of the Static-99 and Static-99R with a sample of Latino sex offenders ( N = 483) as well as with two subsamples (U.S.-born, including Puerto Rico, and non-U.S.-born). The overall sexual recidivism rate was very low (1.9%). Both the Static-99 measures were able to predict sexual recidivism for offenders born in the United States and Puerto Rico, but neither was effective in doing so for other Latino immigrants. Calibration analyses ( N = 303) of the Static-99R were consistent with the literature and provided support for the potential use of the measure with Latinos born in the United States and Puerto Rico. These findings and their implications are discussed as they pertain to the assessment of Latino sex offenders.
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Gao, Chunfeng, Guo Wei, Lin Wang, Qi Wang, and Zhikun Liao. "A Systematic Calibration Modeling Method for Redundant INS with Multi-Sensors Non-Orthogonal Configuration." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101684.
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Because of the non-orthogonal configuration of multi-sensors, the redundant inertial navigation system (INS) has a more complex error model compared with the traditional orthogonal INS, and the complexity of sensors configuration also increases the difficulty of error separation. Based on sufficient analysis of the error principle of redundant IMUs, a generalized high-accuracy calibration modeling method which is suitable for filtering method systematic calibration is summarized in this paper, and it has been applied to an RIMU prototype consisting of four ring laser gyros (RLGs) and four quartz accelerometers. Through the rotational excitation of the three-axis turntable in the laboratory, the high-precision filtering method systematic calibration of the RIMU is achieved, and static navigation and dynamic vehicle test experiments are also carried out. The experimental results reflect that the positioning accuracy can be obviously improved by using this new systematic calibration error model and the validity of this modeling method is also verified.
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K., Gobi, Kannapiran B., Devaraj D., and Valarmathi K. "Design, development and performance evaluation of pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil." Sensor Review 38, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2017-0145.
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Purpose The conventional strain gauge type pressure sensor suffers in static testing of engines due to the contact transduction method. This paper aims to focus on the concept of non-contact transduction-based pressure sensor using eddy current displacement sensing coil (ECDS) to overcome the temperature limitations of the strain gauge type pressure sensor. This paper includes the fabrication of prototypes of the proposed pressure sensor and its performance evaluation by static calibration. The fabricated pressure sensor is proposed to measure pressure in static test environment for a short period in the order of few seconds. The limitations of the fabricated pressure sensor related to temperature problems are highlighted and the suitable design changes are recommended to aid the future design. Design/methodology/approach The design of ECDS-based pressure sensor is aimed to provide non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of the strain gauge type of pressure sensor. The ECDS is designed and fabricated with two configurations to measure deflection of the diaphragm corresponding to the applied pressure. The fabricated ECDS is calibrated using a standard micro meter to ensure transduction within limits. The fabricated prototypes of pressure sensors are calibrated using dead weight tester, and the calibration results are analyzed to select the best configuration. The proposed pressure sensor is tested at different temperatures, and the test results are analyzed to provide recommendations to overcome the shortcomings. Findings The performance of the different configurations of the pressure sensor using ECDS is evaluated using the calibration data. The analysis of the calibration results indicates that the pressure sensor using ECDS (coil-B) with the diaphragm as target is the best configuration. The accuracy of the fabricated pressure sensor with best configuration is ±2.8 per cent and the full scale (FS) output is 3.8 KHz. The designed non-contact transduction method extends the operating temperature of the pressure sensor up to 150°C with the specified accuracy for the short period. Originality/value Most studies of eddy current sensing coil focus on the displacement and position measurement but not on the pressure measurement. This paper is concerned with the design of the pressure sensor using ECDS to realize the non-contact transduction to overcome the limitations of strain gauge type pressure sensors and evaluation of the fabricated prototypes. It is shown that the accuracy of the proposed pressure sensor is not affected by the high temperature for the short period due to non-contact transduction using ECDS.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-static calibration"
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TABANDEH, SHAHIN. "Advances in Humidity Standards." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2745353.
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Hackett-Jones, Emily Jane. "Non-static brane probes, topological charges and calibrations." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3042/.
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In this thesis we consider probe branes in 10- and 11-dimensional supergravity backgrounds. Firstly, we consider probing a class of 11-dimensional backgrounds with giant gravitons. These backgrounds arise from lifting solutions of 4-dimensional U(1)(^4) and 7-dimensional U(1)(^2) gauged supergravities. We find that giant gravitons degenerate to massless particles exist in arbitrary lifted backgrounds, and furthermore both these objects are degenerate to massive charged particles probing the associated lower-dimensional gauged supergravity solutions. We then move on to consider superalgebras for M2- and M5-brane probes in general 11-dimensional supersymmetric backgrounds. We derive the form of the topological charges which appear in the super translation part of the algebra. These charges are given by the integral (over the spatial world-volume of the brane) of certain closed forms constructed from Killing spinors and background fields. The super- translation algebra allows us to derive BPS bounds on the energy/momentum of probe branes in these general supersymmetric backgrounds. These bounds can be interpreted as generalized calibration bounds for these branes. We then use a similar procedure in type IIB supergravity to construct a calibration bound for a giant graviton in AdS(^5) x S(^5). As a by-product of this construction, we find a number of differential and algebraic relations satisfied by p-forms constructed from Killing spinors in type IIB supergravity. These relations are valid for the most general supersymmetric backgrounds. We then show that the calibration bound which we have constructed is saturated by a large class of general giant gravitons in AdS(^5) x S(^5), which are defined via holomorphic surfaces in C(^1)'(^2) x C(^3). Moreover, dual giant gravitons also saturate the calibration bound. We find that both these branes minimize "energy minus momentum" in their homology class.
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Škapová, Pavla. "Problematika testování stříkaných betonů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226742.
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The master‘s thesis focuses on testing the shotcrete prepared in laboratory conditions. The main observed properties are compresive strenght of shotcrete and modulus of elasticity. The aim is assessment of methods for measuring those parameters. The calibrating correlations for strenght characteristics of shotcrete are given by obtaining the results of used methods. The shotcrete composition, amount and type of accelerating additive as well as economic aspect of using shotcrete is also assessed.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-static calibration"
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Robinson, Andreas, Mikael Persson, and Michael Felsberg. "Robust Accurate Extrinsic Calibration of Static Non-overlapping Cameras." In Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, 342–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64698-5_29.
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Białowąs, Sylwester, and Adrianna Szyszka. "Eye-tracking research." In Experimental design and biometric research. Toward innovations, 39–60. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-079-1/ii1.
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Eye movements provide information on subconscious reactions in response to stimuli and are a reflection of attention and focus. With regard to visual activity, four types of eye movements—fixations, saccades, smooth pursuits and blinks—can be distinguished. Fixations—the number and distribution, total fixation time or average fixation duration are among the most common measures. The capabilities of this research method also allow the determination of scanpaths that track gaze on the image as well as heat- and focus maps, which visually represent points of gaze focus. A key concept in eye-tracking that allows for more in-depth analysis is areas of interest (AOI)—measures can then be taken for selected parts of the visual stimulus. On the other hand, the area of gaze outside the scope of analysis is called white space. The software allows for comparisons of static and non-static stimuli and provides a choice of template, dataset, metrics or data format. In conducting eye-tracking research, proper calibration is crucial, which means that the participant’s gaze should be adjusted to the internal model of the eye-tracking software. In addition, attention should be paid to such aspects as time and spatial control. The exposure time for each participant should be identical. The testing space should be well-lit and at a comfortable temperature.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-static calibration"
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Chen, Paul Wenbo, Nijwm Wary, Luke Wang, Qiwei Wang, and Anthony Chan Carusone. "All-Digital Calibration Algorithms to Correct for Static Non-Linearities in ADCs." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas45731.2020.9180833.
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Lee, Sang Woo, and Sang Bae Jun. "Effects of Reynolds Number on the Non-Nulling Calibration of a Cone-Type Five-Hole Probe." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38147.
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The effects of Reynolds number on the non-nulling calibration of a typical cone-type five-hole probe have been investigated for the representative Reynolds numbers in turbomachinery. The pitch and yaw angles are changed from −35 degrees to 35 degrees with an angle interval of 5 degrees at six probe Reynolds numbers in range between 6.60 × 103 and 3.17 × 104. The result shows that not only each calibration coefficient itself but also its Reynolds number dependency is affected significantly by the pitch and yaw angles. The Reynolds-number effects on the pitch- and yaw-angle coefficients are noticeable when the absolute values of the pitch and yaw angles are smaller than 20 degrees. The static-pressure coefficient is sensitive to the Reynolds number nearly all over the pitch- and yaw-angle range. The Reynolds-number effect on the total-pressure coefficient is found remarkable when the absolute values of the pitch and yaw angles are larger than 20 degrees. Through a typical non-nulling reduction procedure, actual reduced values of the pitch and yaw angles, static and total pressures, and velocity magnitude at each Reynolds number are obtained by employing the calibration coefficients at the highest Reynolds number (Re = 3.17 × 104) as input reference calibration data. As a result, it is found that each reduced value has its own unique trend depending on the pitch and yaw angles. Its general tendency is related closely to the variation of the corresponding calibration coefficient with the Reynolds number. Among the reduced values, the reduced total pressure suffers the most considerable deviation from the measured one and its dependency upon the pitch and yaw angles is most noticeable. In this study, the root-mean-square data as well as the upper and lower bounds of the reduced values are reported as a function of the Reynolds number. These data would be very useful in the estimation of the Reynolds-number effects on the non-nulling calibration.
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Georgin, Eric. "Response time measurement of hygrometers at LNE-CETIAT." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201924001.
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LNE-CETIAT has been involved in European project JRP HIT – EMPIR (www.empir-hit.eu). The objectives of this project were to improve the accuracy of industrial humidity measurements, to provide new traceability capabilities and to develop new calibration techniques at high temperatures up to 180 °C and under transient conditions. Considering the last aspect, LNE-CETIAT has worked on the development of a humidity step generator for studying response time of hygrometers. Indeed, classical calibrations are performed under quasi-static conditions whilst the end users measurement conditions are, most of the time, non-static or dynamic. In order to tackle this situation, LNE-CETIAT has started to developed dynamic humidity generator which enables response time measurement by applying humidity step to the device under test. In this article the test rig is presented as well as results obtained with chilled mirror hygrometers. A discussion about response time of chilled mirror concludes this work.
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Al-Amin, M., W. Zhou, S. Zhang, S. Kariyawasam, and H. Wang. "Bayesian Model for Calibration of ILI Tools." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90491.
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The Bayesian methodology is employed to calibrate the accuracy of high-resolution ILI tools for sizing metal-loss corrosion defects on pipelines by comparing the field-measured depths and ILI-reported depths for a set of static defects, i.e. defects that are recoated and ceased growing. The measurement error associated with the field-measuring tool is found to be negligibly small; therefore, the field-measured depth is assumed to equal the actual depth of the defect. The depth of a corrosion defect reported by an ILI tool is assumed to be a linear function of the corresponding field-measured depth subjected to a random scattering error. The probabilistic characteristics of the intercept and slope in the linear function, i.e. the constant and non-constant biases of the measurement error, as well as the standard deviation of the random scattering error are then quantified using the Bayesian methodology. The proposed methodology is able to calibrate the accuracies of multiple ILI tools simultaneously and quantify the potential correlations between the accuracies of different ILI tools. The methodology is illustrated using real ILI and field measurement data obtained on two pipelines currently in service.
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Zhu, Juner, Yong Xia, Gongyao Gu, and Qing Zhou. "Extension of Non-Associated Hill48 Model for Characterizing Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of a Typical High-Strength Steel Sheet." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36985.
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Sheet metals usually exhibit a certain degree of plastic anisotropy because of the rolling effect. To characterize the anisotropic behavior in simulations related to large deformation, strain-rate independent phenomenological models are frequently used in quasi-static conditions. Two functions are generally included in such a model, i.e. the yield function and the plastic potential. The former limits the stress state within the yield surface while the latter determines the direction of the plastic strain increment. Traditional plasticity models mostly assume associated flow rule, in which the two functions mentioned above are identical. With the enhanced demand of accuracy, the forms of the associated models become too complex with more and more parameters to achieve an easy calibration procedure. Alternatively, in the past decade the non-associated models were increasingly used for sheet metals. Separate functions for the two aspects of plasticity lead to efficient characterization and convenient calibration. In numerical study of dynamic loading cases, how to characterize strain-rate dependence of plasticity is an important issue. Some visco-plastic models were developed to take the rate effect into account, e.g. Johnson-Cook and Cowper-Symonds models, where the isotropic J2 flow theory was commonly used. However, when the material is severely anisotropic, this approach is very likely to be insufficient, and a model including both anisotropy and rate dependence would be needed. Extending a non-associated anisotropic model to be rate-dependent is a promising approach which has not been published in open literature to the best knowledge of the authors. Objective of the present study is to develop an applicable model for characterizing dynamic mechanical behavior of a typical high-strength steel sheet. Two steps are performed. The material is investigated under quasi-static loading firstly. Tensile test results show an obvious anisotropy which cannot be described by traditional associated models. So the non-associated Hill48 model is chosen and calibrated. Accuracy of the model is verified by a quasi-static punching test. Thereafter the dynamic material properties are obtained by conducting tensile tests at quite a few strain-rate levels covering 0.0004–1200s−1. To characterize the positive strain-rate effect in strength, the non-associated Hill48 model is extended to be visco-plastic after checking two rate-dependence formulations in existing isotropic models. With implementing the extended model into a user subroutine of ABAQUS/explicit, simulations of the dynamic tension tests are run and compared to the real experiments. A good agreement between the simulated and the experimental result is achieved using the VUMAT.
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Tatpatti, Gajanan, and Sitaram Nekkanti. "Reynolds Number Effects on the Calibration of a Subminiature Four Hole Three Dimensional Wake Probe." In ASME 2014 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2014-8215.
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A subminiature four-hole probe is designed and fabricated to be used specifically to measure wakes that occur in turbomachinery and its components. The probe has a nominal measuring area of 0.413 mm2 and has a nominal dimension of 0.254 mm in the direction across the wake downstream the trailing edge of a blade thus minimizing spatial and flow gradient errors in this direction. The non-nulling calibration of the probe is carried out in the pitch and yaw angle range of ±30° at 5° interval. The probe is calibrated at four different velocities, viz., 10 m/s, 20 m/s, 30 m/s and 50 m/s corresponding to the probe thickness Reynolds numbers in the range of 159 to 794 with objective of finding the effect of Reynolds number on the calibration coefficients. In addition to these, for practical importance the actual changes in yaw angle, pitch angle, static pressure, total pressure and velocity magnitude due to Reynolds number variation has been investigated. A method to incorporate the effect of Reynolds number for minimum interpolation errors is described.
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Andersen, O., M. Kelley, V. Smith, and S. Raziperchikolaee. "Automatic Calibration of a Geomechanical Model from Sparse Data for Estimating Stress in Deep Geological Formations." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204006-ms.
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Summary In this study, we demonstrate geomechanical modeling with fully automatic parameter calibration to estimate the full geomechanical stress fields of a prospective US CO2 storage site, based on sparse measurement data. The goal is to compute full stress tensor field estimates (principal stresses and orientations) that are maximally compatible with observations within the constraints of the model assumptions, thereby extending point-wise, incomplete partial stress measurement to a simulated full formation stress field, as well as a rough assessment of the associated error. We use the Perch site, located in Otsego Country, Michigan, as our case study. Input data consists of partial stress tensor information inferred from in-situ borehole tests, geophysical well logs and processing of seismic data. A static earth model of the site was developed, and geomechanical simulation functionality of the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) used to model the stress field. Adjoint-based nonlinear optimization was used to adjust boundary conditions and material properties to calibrate simulated results to observations. Results were interpreted through a Bayesian framework. The focus of this article is to demonstrate how the fully automatic calibration procedure works and discuss the results obtained but does not attempt a detailed analysis of the stress field in the context of the proposed CO2 storage initiatives. Our work is part of a larger effort to non-invasively determine in-situ stresses in deep formations considered for CO2 storage. Guided by previously published research on geomechanical model calibration, our work presents a novel calibration approach supporting a potentially large number of linear or nonlinear calibration parameters, in order to produce results optimally agreeing with available measurements and thus extend partial point-wise estimates to full tensor fields compatible with the physics of the site.
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Doumanidis, Charalabos, Yuan Gao, Norbert Johnson, and Robert Greif. "Ultrasonic Rapid Manufacturing of Layered Objects." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1831.
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Abstract The Ultrasonic Rapid Manufacturing process is a new non-thermal rapid prototyping technique for layered fabrication of metallic or multiple-material products. The process introduced in this paper employs ultrasonic welding and contour cutting of thin material foils. Its laboratory implementation, automation and integration, and parameter optimization are described first. Next, a numerical FEA simulation of the static and dynamic stress/strain field, based on experimental calibration of the friction coefficient between the welded surfaces, is established and found in agreement with laboratory strain data. Last, the technical advantages of the process, including fabrication of dense, full-strength functional solid metal parts, multiple-material composites, and active parts with embedded intelligent components and electronic, mechatronic, optic and fluidic structures, are examined in the manufacturing industry.
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de Wilde, J. J., C. G. J. M. van der Nat, L. Pots, L. B. de Vries, and Q. Liu. "Cable JIP: A Research Project to Assess the Feasibility of a Semi-Static Electrical Subsea Cable for the Power Take-off from a TLP-type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31209-ms.
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Abstract CABLE JIP research project in 2017-2019 was initiated with the aim of studying the feasibility of deploying a novel semi-static electrical cable for the power take-off from a TLP-type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT). Today, expensive dynamic electrical cables are mainly used for the power take-off from demonstrator project FOWTs or from new FOWTs on the drawing board. For a TLP-type FOWT, the use of a semi-static electrical power cable instead of a fully dynamic electrical power cable (umbilical) is an attractive option to reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCoE). However, the electrical power cable in a dynamic offshore environment is vulnerable to failure, either at the floater side or at the seabed touchdown area. Moreover, the electrical power cable for power take-off is typically non-redundant, while the availability of the turbine(s) highly depends on this critical component to transport the produced power to the substation. The paper discusses the results of the CABLE JIP research project, with focus on the verification and calibration of the numerical models for the ULS and FLS assessment of the electrical power inter-array cable for a harsh weather test case with a TLP-type floating offshore wind turbine in 96.5 m water depth.
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Gilarranz, Jose´ L., Andrew J. Ranz, Jason A. Kopko, and James M. Sorokes. "On the Use of 5-Hole Probes in the Testing of Industrial Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53375.
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This paper addresses the use of 5-hole probes in the testing of industrial centrifugal compressors. The 5-hole probes utilized for this work are of the conical-tip type and were used in a non-nulling configuration (i.e. the probes do not need to be rotated or moved in any way during the tests). These 5-hole probes proved to be fairly robust, making them practical for a non-laboratory setting such as an industrial multistage compressor test stand. A discussion of 5-hole probes and how they function is provided, including an overview of the mathematical formulations and calibrations required to translate the pressure data gathered from the 5 holes into static and total pressures, velocities and flow angles. A method to transform these variables from a probe-based coordinate system to a machine-based coordinate system is also presented and schematics of this process are provided to aid the reader’s understanding. The testing performed on a prototype multistage centrifugal compressor using 5-hole probes is also discussed showing that the probes provided valuable insight into the flowfield exiting the impellers and at the return bend. The hub-to-shroud velocity profile exiting an impeller was found to be more skewed than expected and was contributing to poor performance in the downstream stationary components. The measured flowfield from one of the tests is also compared against 3-D CFD results and comments are offered regarding the agreement between the analytical and measured results. Advantages and disadvantages of 5-hole probes as compared to more conventional instrumentation are presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the value of 5-hole probe data in the development and/or troubleshooting of high performance turbomachinery and in the validation / calibration of design and analysis tools.