Journal articles on the topic 'Non-standard connection'
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RODRIGUES, Mariana Ferreira, José CORREIA, Bruno PEDROSA, Abílio DE JESUS, Bruno CARVALHO, Carlos REBELO, José XAVIER, and Rui CALÇADA. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF A DOUBLE SHEAR STANDARD BOLTED CONNECTION CONSIDERING MONOTONIC LOADINGS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2017.1414638.
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The behaviour of standard bolted steel connections submitted to monotonic loads, through the use of numerical models, is presented in the current paper. The bolted connections allow speed up constructive processes in an increasingly competitive and globalized world in which the costs are a decisive factor in the development of a project. The use of computational tools in the analysis of bolted connections becomes determinant, mainly for new solutions or solutions less explored in terms of design codes. Throughout the years, bolted connections have been suffering transformations resulting from research activities performed by many authors. Rivets have been replaced by bolts, the main achievement being the pre-stressed bolts. Methodologies based on finite element analyses were proposed for double shear bolted connection. The non-linear behaviour of these connections is investigated and their performances are compared. In the numerical modelling of the bolted connection, linear elastic and elastoplastic analyzes reveal that there are two slip levels associated with local non-linearities caused by the contact pairs, which vary with clamping stresses.
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Robaszewska, Maria. "Affine analogues of the Sasaki-Shchepetilov connection." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Mathematica 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aupcsm-2016-0004.
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AbstractFor two-dimensional manifold M with locally symmetric connection ∇ and with ∇-parallel volume element vol one can construct a flat connection on the vector bundle TM ⊕ E, where E is a trivial bundle. The metrizable case, when M is a Riemannian manifold of constant curvature, together with its higher dimension generalizations, was studied by A.V. Shchepetilov [J. Phys. A: 36 (2003), 3893-3898]. This paper deals with the case of non-metrizable locally symmetric connection. Two flat connections on TM ⊕ (ℝ × M) and two on TM ⊕ (ℝ2 × M) are constructed. It is shown that two of those connections – one from each pair – may be identified with the standard flat connection in ℝN, after suitable local affine embedding of (M,∇) into ℝN.
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Łapiński, Z., A. Dziedzic, W. Bochnowski, S. Adamiak, and S. Sandomierski. "The Quality of Welded Connections Elements from the Steel 30HGS and Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0056-3.
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The Quality of Welded Connections Elements from the Steel 30HGS and Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V The aim of that work was the evaluation of the quality of welded connections elements (welds) from the 30HGS steel and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The metallographic, factographic tests were used, and measurements of microhardness with the Vickers method. In the head weld of the 30HGS steel there were non-metallic partial division and bubbles observed. The average microhardness in the head connection was 320 HV0.1. There was no significant increase/decrease observed of microhardness in the head influence zone of the weld. There was a good condition of head connections observed, in accordance with the standard EN12517 and EN25817. In the head weld of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy there were single, occasional non-metallic interjections and bubbles observed. There were no cracks both on the weld, and on the border of the heat influence zone. The value of microhardness in head connection was in the range 300÷445 HV0.1. Reveal a very good condition of the head connections in accordance with the standard EN12517 and EN25817. The factographic tests prove the correctness of welded connections done and then heat treatment in case of steel and titanium alloy.
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Lucas, Sheri. "A Defense of the Feminist-Vegetarian Connection." Hypatia 20, no. 1 (2005): 150–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2005.tb00377.x.
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Kathryn Paxton George's recent publication, Animal, Vegetable, or Woman? (2000), is the culmination of more than a decade's work and encompasses standard and original arguments against the feminist-vegetarian connection. This paper demonstrates that George's key arguments are deeply flawed, antithetical to basic feminist commitments, and beg the question against fundamental aspects of the debate. Those who do not accept the feminist-vegetarian connection should rethink their position or offer a non-question-begging defense of it.
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Mykhailiuk, V. V., A. R. Yurych, R. O. Deineha, R. S. Kravchuk, R. A. Pinchak, and B. V. Kharlamov. "Improvement and research of the pump rod treaded connections." Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, no. 1(44) (April 20, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2018-1(44)-81-88.
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On the basis literary sources analysis, it was defined, that failures of the pump rod threaded connections are the most common exceed one-third of the total number of the rod string failures. It is due to non-uniform load distribution across thread turns of the pump rod threaded connections.
The simulation modelling of standard design of pump rods was performed and graphic dependencies of stress distribution were developed on the gaps the pump rod threaded connections.
The methods to reduce load non-uniformity across thread turns of the pump rod threaded connections were considered.
The design of the pump rod connection was proposed; it shall have the variable mean diameter of the nipple thread by adding one more element, fitted in the nipple body hole. The comparison of stress distribution dependencies on the gaps the pump rod nipple of the standard and proposed design showed that stress decrease in the first gap of the thread turn by 60 MPa, and in the third and next turns stresses increases and become uniform by the value. This change of stresses on turn gap, when it is operated in the well.
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GABOR, Marta, and Marcin LITOBORSKI. "Dose measurement verification in solid state phantom in place of field connection for non-standard radiotherapy conditions." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 13, no. 5 (September 2008): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1507-1367(10)60094-6.
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O’Grady, Timothy M., Roberto Minunno, Heap-Yih Chong, and Greg M. Morrison. "Interconnections: An Analysis of Disassemblable Building Connection Systems towards a Circular Economy." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110535.
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This study investigates the interconnection methods used to create a circular economy building featuring modularity and designed for disassembly and relocation. Designing modular buildings for disassembly and reuse can decrease waste production and material depletion, in line with the circular economy framework. Disassemblable buildings require connections to be easily accessible. Visible connections may be unpopular features; however, concealing these, yet leaving these accessible, presents a substantial design challenge. This study demonstrates solutions to this challenge by analyzing a purposely designed case study: the Legacy Living Lab. The challenges of disguising and sealing, such as by waterproofing, two types of connections are analysed: structural and non-structural. This study details the materials and connections used across the two analyzed connection types and compares the weights and reusability of components. Thus, a necessary case study is provided for practitioners to advance circular economy theory in the building industry. Notably, all connections in the Legacy Living Lab can be easily accessed with standard building tools, facilitating its disassembly and fostering component reusability.
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Mäkinen, Jari, Keijo Fränti, Matti Korhonen, Joshua Fillion, and Markku Heinisuo. "End-Plate Connections in Bi-Axial Bending - Measurements." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.275.
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In this paper we consider the measurements of bolted end-plate connections of tubular beams with cold-formed hollow rectangular aluminium sections. The motivation for these measurements originates from the fact that the aluminium standard (EN 1999-1-1) [1] does not cover the design of this very frequently used type of connection, where the bolts are located outside the edge-lines of the cross-section, i.e. corner bolts. Many tests and studies regarding this area have been conducted, but this paper brings value to the case where bi-axial bending is applied. The measurements have been carried out and the detailed results shall be shown. In this paper, we will focus on the six measurements where the tubular beams were bent uniaxially and biaxially to these limit points. The tests were stopped when the ultimate limit state was reached. In this case the connection never actually broke, but effectively the joint had lost its load bearing capacity. Some residual capacity still remained, but the displacements were too great resulting in a totally different behavior of the connection. The behavior of this connection is highly non-linear, since aluminium (AW 5754) as a material is strain hardening and the mechanism in the connection changes as the displacements increase.
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Fernández-Asián, Martínez-González, Torres-Lagares, Serrera-Figallo, and Gutiérrez-Pérez. "External Connection versus Internal Connection in Dental Implantology. A Mechanical in vitro Study." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101106.
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(1) Background: In today's dentistry, implantology has become a therapeutic resource of choice in certain clinical situations. The design of implants has evolved in several aspects since their inception. Dental implants were initially designed with an external hex connection, although due to force transmission and security in the adjustment of the prosthesis, later implants featured an internal hex connection. This study aims to analyse the mechanical properties of two types of implants (an internal connection and an external connection) from the same manufacturer and their different prosthetic components (union screw between implant and prosthetic abutment, and the abutment itself) when subjected to different types of load. (2) Materials and methods: Intraosseous dental implants of similar shape, design and size, although different in type of connection (external vs. internal), were studied. The specifications of the UNI EN ISO 14801 test standard were used, with all determinations being carried out three times. Finally, the dimensional characterisation of the samples analysed after the dynamic load study was carried out, and the values of both study groups were compared by means of the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to find statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). (3) Results: For the static characterisation test, we found between 610.9 N and 986.1 N for the external connection and between 1263.6 N and 1324 N for the internal connection (p = 0.011). All of the dynamic load tests were positive and there was no failure in any of the components studied. (4) Conclusions: After the analysis of the samples studied in vitro, satisfactory results were obtained, demonstrating that both connections can support considerable mechanical loads according to international standards (UNI EN ISO 14801).
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Gilbert, N. D., and P. J. Higgins. "The non-abelian tensor product of groups and related constructions." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 31, no. 1 (January 1989): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500007515.
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The tensor product of two arbitrary groups acting on each other was introduced by R. Brown and J.-L. Loday in [5, 6]. It arose from consideration of the pushout of crossed squares in connection with applications of a van Kampen theorem for crossed squares. Special cases of the product had previously been studied by A. S.-T. Lue [10] and R. K. Dennis [7]. The tensor product of crossed complexes was introduced by R. Brown and the second author [3] in connection with the fundamental crossed complex π(X) of a filtered space X, which also satisfies a van Kampen theorem. This tensor product provides an algebraic description of the crossed complex π(X ⊗ Y) and gives a symmetric monoidal closed structure to the category of crossed complexes (over groupoids). Both constructions involve non-abelian bilinearity conditions which are versions of standard identities between group commutators. Since any group can be viewed as a crossed complex of rank 1, a close relationship might be expected between the two products. One purpose of this paper is to display the direct connections that exist between them and to clarify their differences.
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Lebedev, Maksim. "Non-Standard Old Kingdom Burials in the Context of Egyptian Ideas about the Afterlife." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp2221931.
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The paper deals with the problem of identifying and analyzing non-standard (alternative, deviant, extraordinary, atypical) Egyptian burials of the Old Kingdom (27th—22nd centuries BCE). On the territory of the Nile Valley, non-standard features are usually recorded in orientation of the body of the deceased or its position, manipulations with the body (skeleton) parts, incompleteness of the body (skeleton), and other features that are not consistent with the common burial rite. The problems associated with the study of ancient Egyptian non-normative burial practices are considered in connection to manipulations with heads (skulls) reported from Egyptian necropolises. The author discusses the place of non-standard practices in the structure of Egyptian funerary activities as well as possible reasons for such deviations with relation to Egyptian ideas about the afterlife. Among the main problems associated with the study of non-standard burials, the lack of securely recorded archaeological contexts and the absence of paleopathological reports are discussed. Finally, the paper considers perspectives on the study of non-normative ancient Egyptian burials at the present stage of the development of Egyptology.
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Abubakar, Ahmad Haruna, Peter U. Anuforo, Dahiru Hussaini, and Musa Isa. "Political Connection and Real Earnings Management in Nigeria." Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51263/jameb.v5i2.121.
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There is currently exists an important question on whether firm’s political network affect the level of their earning information. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of political connection on real earnings management. The analyses involve a sample of 72 non-financial firms with 360 firm-year observations for a five-year period (2014-2019). Data was obtained from the annual reports of these companies as well as from Thompson Reuters and Bloomberg databases. The Panel Corrected Standard Error was used to test the model studied. The finding shows that firms board with political connection are possible to have earnings manipulation which deteriorate the earnings quality. Thus, this study recommends that increased attention should be given to internal control mechanisms to help curtail corporate earnings manipulations, reduce the effect of political connection, and enhance the financial reporting quality.
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Mestel, L. "The Solar-stellar Connection: Magnetic Braking and Stellar Activity." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 10, no. 1 (1992): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s132335800001910x.
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AbstractThe theory of coronal structure and of the associated angular momentum transport by magneto-thermo-centrifugal winds is reviewed, with reference to recent observations of rapidly rotating late-type stars. In particular, the combined optical and X-ray studies of AB Doradus are consistent with the predicted picture of a hot, magnetically-controlled ‘dead zone’ in near corotation with the star, and of cooler wind-emitting regions (analogues of the solar coronal holes). The standard theory predicts a rate of angular momentum transport that depends on the extent of the wind zone, the relative importance of thermal and centrifugal driving, and the variation of the dynamo-built surface field with rotation. For stars like the Sun, with approximately one tenth of the mass in the convective envelope, detailed comparison of the theory with the observed rotations of stars in clusters of different ages is sensitive to the strength of the coupling between the envelope and the radiative core, and is constrained by helioseismological limitations on rotational shear within the present-day Sun. An inferred strong braking during the early epochs may hint at a non-standard braking model, with the Maxwell stresses dominant far from as well as near the stellar surface.
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Madhavan, Sangeetha, and Nicholas Townsend. "The social context of children's nutritional status in rural South Africa 1." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 69_suppl (August 2007): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701355700.
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Aim: To investigate the relationship between children's nutritional status and a series of measures capturing both the current status and the lifetime history of their connection with adult caregivers in the Agincourt sub-district of rural South Africa. Methods: Using data on a sample of 202 children from a recent ethnographic study of children's social connections and well-being, the authors (1) compare height for age and weight for age to an accepted international standard and (2) conduct bivariate analyses of the relationships between selected measures of social connection and extreme deviations below expected weight and expected height. Results: Fitted curves for weight for age and height for age fall between the 5th and 50th percentiles of CDC growth curves. Compromised nutrition, defined as being more than two standard deviations below expected height or weight, is associated with the death or non-co-residence of the mother, and with the absence of financial support from the father. The co-residence of maternal female kin as substitutes for the mother do not fully compensate for her absence. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of parental living arrangements, parental financial support, birth order and the composition of sibling sets, and lifetime residential patterns in facilitating access to nutrition.
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Martins, Rachel A. D. "A perspective on non-commutative quantum gravity." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 12, no. 08 (September 2015): 1560021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781560021x.
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In this paper, we present some of the concepts underlying a program of non-commutative quantum gravity and recall some of the results. This program includes a novel approach to spectral triple categorification and also a precise connection between Fell bundles and Connes' non-commutative geometry. Motivated by topics in quantization of the non-commutative standard model and introduction of algebraic techniques and concepts into quantum gravity (following for example Crane, Baez and Barrett), we define spectral C*-categories, which are deformed spectral triples in a sense made precise. This definition gives to representations of a C*-category on a small category of Hilbert spaces and bounded linear maps, the interpretation of a topological quantum field theory. The construction passes two mandatory tests: (i) there is a classical limit theorem reproducing a Riemannian spin manifold manifesting Connes' and Schücker's non-commutative counterpart of Einstein's equivalence principle, and (ii) there is consistency with the experimental fermion mass matrix. We also present an algebra invariant taking the form of a partition function arising from a C*-bundle dynamical system in connection with C*-subalgebra theory.
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Elżanowski, Marek Z., and Gareth P. Parry. "Connection and curvature in crystals with non-constant dislocation density." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 24, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 1714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286518791008.
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Given a smooth defective solid crystalline structure defined by linearly independent ‘lattice’ vector fields, the Burgers vector construction characterizes some aspect of the ‘defectiveness’ of the crystal by virtue of its interpretation in terms of the closure failure of appropriately defined paths in the material and this construction partly determines the distribution of dislocations in the crystal. In the case that the topology of the body manifold M is trivial (e.g., a smooth crystal defined on an open set in [Formula: see text]), it would seem at first glance that there is no corresponding construction that leads to the notion of a distribution of disclinations, that is, defects with some kind of ‘rotational’ closure failure, even though the existence of such discrete defects seems to be accepted in the physical literature. For if one chooses to parallel transport a vector, given at some point P in the crystal, by requiring that the components of the transported vector on the lattice vector fields are constant, there is no change in the vector after parallel transport along any circuit based at P. So the corresponding curvature is zero. However, we show that one can define a certain (generally non-zero) curvature in this context, in a natural way. In fact, we show (subject to some technical assumptions) that given a smooth solid crystalline structure, there is a Lie group acting on the body manifold M that has dimension greater or equal to that of M. When the dislocation density is non-constant in M the group generally has a non-trivial topology, and so there may be an associated curvature. Using standard geometric methods in this context, we show that there is a linear connection invariant with respect to the said Lie group, and give examples of structures where the corresponding torsion and curvature may be non-zero even when the topology of M is trivial. So we show that there is a ‘rotational’ closure failure associated with the group structure – however, we do not claim, as yet, that this leads to the notion of a distribution of disclinations in the material, since we do not provide a physical interpretation of these ideas. We hope to provide a convincing interpretation in future work. The theory of fibre bundles, in particular the theory of homogeneous spaces, is central to the discussion.
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De Martini, Francesco, and Enrico Santamato. "The intrinsic helicity of elementary particles and the spin-statistic connection." International Journal of Quantum Information 12, no. 07n08 (November 2014): 1560004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749915600047.
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The traditional standard quantum mechanics (SQM) is unable to solve the spin-statistics problem, i.e. to justify the utterly important "Pauli exclusion principle". The present paper presents a simple and complete solution of the spin-statistics problem on the basis of the "conformal quantum geometrodynamics (CQG)", a theory that was found to reproduce successfully all relevant processes of the SQM based on Dirac's or Schrödinger's equations, including Heisenberg's uncertainty relations and non-local Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations. When applied to a system made of many identical particles, an additional property of all elementary particles enters naturally into play: the "intrinsic helicity". This property, not considered in the SQM, determines the correct spin-statistics connection (SSC) observed in nature.
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Das, Ranit, and Chethan Krishnan. "Dark matter from a dark connection." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 19 (June 21, 2021): 2150134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321501340.
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In the first part of this note, we observe that a non-Riemannian piece in the affine connection (a “dark connection”) leads to an algebraically determined, conserved, symmetric 2-tensor in the Einstein field equations that is a natural dark matter candidate. The only other effect it has, is through its coupling to standard model fermions via covariant derivatives. If the local dark matter density is the result of a background classical dark connection, these Yukawa-like mass corrections are minuscule ([Formula: see text] for terrestrial fermions) and none of the tests of general relativity or the equivalence principle are affected. In the second part of the note, we give dynamics to the dark connection and show how it can be re-interpreted in terms of conventional dark matter particles. The simplest way to do this is to treat it as a composite field involving scalars or vectors. The (pseudo-)scalar model naturally has a perturbative shift-symmetry and leads to versions of the Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM) scenario that has recently become popular (e.g. arXiv:1610.08297) as an alternative to WIMPs. A vector model with a [Formula: see text]-parity falls into the Planckian Interacting Dark Matter (PIDM) paradigm, introduced in arXiv:1511.03278. It is possible to construct versions of these theories that yield the correct relic density, fit with inflation and are falsifiable in the next round of CMB experiments. Our work is an explicit demonstration that the meaningful distinction is not between gravity modification and dark matter, but between theories with extra fields and those without.
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Liu, HanChen, and XueWu Cao. "Numerical Study on Hydrogen Flow Behavior in Two Compartments with Different Connecting Pipes." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4709503.
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Hydrogen accumulation in the containment compartments under severe accidents would result in high concentration, which could lead to hydrogen deflagration or detonation. Therefore, getting detailed hydrogen flow and distribution is a key issue to arrange hydrogen removal equipment in the containment compartments. In this study, hydrogen flow behavior in local compartments has been investigated in two horizontal compartments. The analysis model is built by 3-dimensional CFD code in Cartesian coordinates based on the connection structure of the Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) compartments. It consists of two cylindrical vessels, representing the Steam Generator compartment (SG) and Core Makeup Tank compartment (CMT). With standard k-ε turbulence model, the effects of the connecting pipe size and location on hydrogen concentration distribution are investigated. Results show that increasing the diameter of connection pipe (IP) which is located at 800 mm from 150 mm to 300 mm facilitates hydrogen flow between compartments. Decreasing the length of IP which is located at 800 mm from 1000 mm to 500 mm can also facilitate hydrogen flow between compartments. Lower IP is in favor of hydrogen mixing with air in non-source compartment. Higher IP is helpful for hydrogen flow to the non-source term compartment from source term compartment.
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Gečys, Tomas, Alfonsas Daniūnas, Kęstutis Gurkšnys, and Konstantin Rasiulis. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAM-TO-BEAM CONNECTION / KLIJUOTOSIOS MEDIENOS SIJOS ELEMENTŲ TARPUSAVIO JUNGTIES EKSPERIMENTINIS TYRIMAS." Engineering Structures and Technologies 5, no. 1 (April 9, 2013): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2013.777018.
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Semi rigid mounting joints of glued laminated timber elements are connections that are fully assembled on construction site and capable to handle bending moments, axial and shear forces. The need for new type of semi rigid timber elements’ connection is obvious. The manufacturing possibilities of glued laminated timber elements’ are wide: straight element's length may extend up to 40 m or curved axis elements with dimensions of up to 10 meters in height, therefore, manufacturers, erectors and others face with transportation problems of non-standard, oversized elements. Semi-rigid mounting joints are used to solve this problem. In factory non-standard, oversized, glued, laminated timber elements are cut into standard transportation dimensions and fully mounted into integral element on construction site, using semi rigid mounting joints. In this article semi-rigid, glued, laminated timber elements’ joints which are used as beam to beam, beam to column and column to foundation connections are analysed. Also the main design principles of semi-rigid joints are discussed. The new type of semi rigid beam to beam connection is proposed and experimentally analysed. The experimentally and theoretically analysed connection is composed of welded steel details which are anchored into timber element. The main experiment is four point bending; the analysed connection is in the middle of the span. The beam's span is 3.20 m; the dimensions of the timber element's cross section are: width 200 mm; height 400 mm; mounting bolts are M16. Glued laminated timber strength class is GL24h. The tight contact between timber element and steel detail is created by anchoring steel detail's T shape part into timber element. The initial movement between timber element and steel detail is eliminated using fillers. Two types of fillers are used in these experiments: two component polyurethane and cement based filler with polymer fibres. Two joints with different fillers are tested in laboratory experiments. Bending bearing capacity and stiffness (displacements) of the joints’ are determined in laboratory. Experimental bearing capacities are compared with theoretical calculations according to European (EC5) and Lithuanian timber structures design codes. Conclusions and recommendations are presented for further experiments and computer simulations. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojami pusiau standūs montuojamieji klijuotosios medienos konstrukcijų mazgai, kurie naudojami elementams sujungti per ilgį, rėmų kampinėms jungtims tarp kolonos ir sijos bei jungtims tarp kolonos ir pamato. Aptariami pagrindiniai pusiau standžių montuojamųjų medinių konstrukcijų mazgų konstravimo principai. Pasiūlytas ir eksperimentiškai tirtas per ilgį sujungtų lenkiamųjų klijuotosios medienos sijos elementų mazgas. Mazgas įrengiamas naudojant plienines detales, suvirintas iš lakštinio plieno, kurios inkaruojamos medienos elementuose. Kontaktas tarp medienos ir metalo užtikrinamas ir pradinis mazgo slankumas panaikinamas užpildant tarpus tarp medienos ir metalo užpildu. Pasirinkti du skirtingo pagrindo (sudėties) užpildai: dviejų komponentų poliuretano ir cementinis, kurio sudėtyje yra polimerinių plaušų. Nustatytas cementinio užpildo lekiamasis ir gniuždomasis stipriai. Eksperimentinės jungčių laikomosios galios palyginamos su teoriniais skaičiavimais pagal Lietuvos ir Europos medinių konstrukcijų projektavimo normas. Pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos tolesniems tyrimams.
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Hu, Peng Fei, Yu Xiang Yuan, Zhi Juan Qu, Xue Ping Jiang, and Kun Shan Yu. "Implementation of the Transmission Protocol of Non-Polar RS485 Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.669.
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In order to implement non-polar transmission of the data, in this paper, we took a new way to solve the problem by automated correction method, which used the RS485 standard as physical layer protocol, used multi-function meter Convention (DL/645-1997) as implementation layer protocol, and implemented the data transfer protocol in the FPGA platform data transfer protocol. This paper introduced the design way, simulation waveforms and measured results, and solved reserve connection of the traditional polarity RS485 communication.
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Senarath, Padma, Gillian Thornley, and Bruce van Brunt. "A system of PDEs for Riemannian spaces." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 82, no. 2 (April 2007): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700016062.
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AbstractMatsumoto [10] remarked that some locally projectively flat Finsler spaces of non-zero constant curvature may be Riemannian spaces of non-zero constant curvature. The Riemannian connection, however, must be metric compatible, and this requirement places restrictions on the geodesic coefficients for the Finsler space in the form of a system of partial differential equations. In this paper, we derive this system of equations for the case where the geodesic coefficients are quadratic in the tangent space variables yi, and determine the solutions. We recover two standard Remannian metrics of non-zero constant curvature from this class of solutions.
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Ryzhkov, A. I., I. S. Shormanov, and S. Yu Sokolova. "Is there a connection with basic sperm parameters and age?" Experimental and Сlinical Urology 13, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2020-13-4-58-64.
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Introduction. TStandard sperm examination, performed according to WHO guidelines, remains the main method of assessment of male fertility. At the same time, this research method has a number of significant limitations, including a low predictive value regarding the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs and the outcome of naturally occurring pregnancies. The limitations of standard sperm examination dictate the need for additional methods for assessing male fertility. The most promising and widely used test is the assessment of the level of sperm DNA fragmentation. Aim. To evaluate the associations between the levels of sperm DNA fragmentation and the age of the patients along with the following parameters used as a part of standard sperm analysis: semen volume, total number of spermatozoa, percentages of progressively-mobile, non-progressively-mobile and immobile forms, percentages of morphologically normal forms and the forms bearing head defects within the structure of total number of morphological anomalies, as well as semen leukocyte count. Materials and methods. Study materials were the examination results from 121 males aged from 21 to 53 years old (mean age 32.7±4.5 years old), undergoing an examination within the Clinical Institution «Mother and Child – Yaroslavl» during a time period from January 2019 until April 2020. Standard sperm analysis procedures were carried out according to latest edition of WHO Guidelines (2010). The determinations of germ cell DNA fragmentation levels were performed using the TUNEL method. Results. The test results have revealed a weak negative relation between the sperm DNA fragmentation (%) and the percentage of progressively-mobile forms (%) – r = -0.26 (p <0.01). The correlation of sperm DNA fragmentation with age and other parameters was considered statistically insignificant. The second stage of the analysis have demonstrated that the increased degree sperm DNA fragmentation is 1.8-fold more often found in the patients having signs of astenozoospermia (23.6%) comparing to the patients showing normal degree of spermatozoa mobility (13.1%), (p <0.05). Conclusions. The level of sperm DNA fragmentation correlates with the percentage of progressively-mobile forms of spermatozoa (negative relation) and no correlations were found with other semen parameters and with the age. The rates of increased levels of sperm DNA fragmentation are 1.8-fold more often found in astenozoospermia patients comparing to the patients showing normal degrees of spermatozoa mobility.
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Friedrich, Oliver, Anik Halder, Aoife Boyle, Cora Uhlemann, Dylan Britt, Sandrine Codis, Daniel Gruen, and ChangHoon Hahn. "The PDF perspective on the tracer-matter connection: Lagrangian bias and non-Poissonian shot noise." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 5069–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3703.
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ABSTRACT We study the connection of matter density and its tracers from the probability density function (PDF) perspective. One aspect of this connection is the conditional expectation value 〈δtracer|δm〉 when averaging both tracer and matter density over some scale. We present a new way to incorporate a Lagrangian bias expansion of this expectation value into standard frameworks for modelling the PDF of density fluctuations and counts-in-cells statistics. Using N-body simulations and mock galaxy catalogues we confirm the accuracy of this expansion and compare it to the more commonly used Eulerian parametrization. For haloes hosting typical luminous red galaxies, the Lagrangian model provides a significantly better description of 〈δtracer|δm〉 at second order in perturbations. A second aspect of the matter-tracer connection is shot-noise, i.e. the scatter of tracer density around 〈δtracer|δm〉. It is well known that this noise can be significantly non-Poissonian and we validate the performance of a more general, two-parameter shot-noise model for different tracers and simulations. Both parts of our analysis are meant to pave the way for forthcoming applications to survey data.
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Bideaux, André, Bernd Zimmermann, Stefan Hey, and Wilhelm Stork. "Synchronization in wireless biomedical-sensor networks with Bluetooth Low Energy." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0019.
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AbstractBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has reduced the energy consumption for sensor nodes drastically. One major reason for this improvement is a non-continuous connection between the nodes. But this causes also a nondeterministic data transmission time. Most synchronization protocols are influenced by this characteristic, with the result of less accuracy. In wireless body sensor networks this accuracy is often of vital importance. Therefore this paper evaluates different synchronization principles customized for BLE.For the evaluation measurements we used two BLE modules connected to one micro controller. This setup allowed us to calculate the error directly for the different principles. First we measured the send-receive time as a reference which influences most synchronization protocols. This time is directly affected by random transmission delays of BLE. Second we used the time difference between receiving and acknowledging a message as principle (A). The last principle (B) can only be used between nodes that use BLE that don’t require a constant connection, because it needs to connect and disconnect the nodes. After a new connection the “connected” events occur in the BLE nodes almost at the same time and can be used for synchronization. The reference measurement showed the worst results. The average delay was 4.76 ms with a standard deviation of 2.32 ms. Principle (A) showed average delays of 7.51 ms, which was almost exactly 1 connection interval in our setup. The standard deviation was 0.41 ms. Principle (B) showed the best results with an average time difference of 39.92 μs and a standard deviation of 14.19 μsThe results showed that with the principles (A) and (B) the synchronization of nodes can be highly improved compared to the reference. In future we will test the principles with synchronization protocols in real sensor nodes also with respect to the processor load.
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ABADI, MARTÍN. "[top ][top ]-closed relations and admissibility." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 10, no. 3 (June 2000): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500003054.
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While developing a method for reasoning about programs, Pitts defined the [top ][top ]-closed relations as an alternative to the standard admissible relations. This paper reformulates and studies Pitts's operational concept of [top ][top ]-closure in a semantic framework. It investigates the non-trivial connection between [top ][top ]-closure and admissibility, showing that [top ][top ]-closure is strictly stronger than admissibility and that every [top ][top ]-closed relation corresponds to an admissible preorder.
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VERWIMP, THEO. "A UNIFIED GAUGE FIELD LAGRANGIAN FOR ELECTROWEAK STRONG AND GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 03, no. 01 (March 1994): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271894000538.
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Gravity can be descibed as a gauge field theory where connection and curvature are so(2,3)-valued. In the standard gauge field theory for strong and electroweak interaction corresponding quantities take their value in the su(3)⊕su(2)⊕u(1) algebra. Therefore, unification of gravity with the other fundamental interactions is obtained by using the non-compact simple real Lie algebra so*(14)⊃so(2,3)⊕su(3)⊕su(2)⊕u(1) as a unifying algebra. The so*(14) gauge field defined by a connection one-form on the SO*(14) principal fiber bundle unifies the fundamental interactions in particle physics, gravity included. The unified gauge field Lagrangian is defined by the Yang-Mills Weil form on the SO*(14) principal bundle.
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Liu, Dong, Feihong Yun, Kefeng Jiao, Liquan Wang, Zheping Yan, Peng Jia, Xiangyu Wang, Weifeng Liu, Xiaoquan Hao, and Xiujun Xu. "Structural Analysis and Experimental Study on the Spherical Seal of a Subsea Connector Based on a Non-Standard O-Ring Seal." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030404.
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Underwater oil and gas pipelines are prone to alignment differences and angle offsets during docking, and the spherical flange connector can address this problem. Its main function is to enable compensation of the different angles of the pipeline during docking and to apply a non-standard spherical sealing structure using O-rings to the connection. In this paper, the study of a spherical sealing structure using O-rings was based on a spherical structural model of the connector. The Mooney–Rivlin constitutive equation and material parameters of the O-ring were determined according to nonlinear theory. The structure of the non-standard spherical sealing groove was designed and analysed with reference to the standard sealing groove, the calculation expression of the spherical groove specific size was deduced, and the width and depth of the groove were determined. A finite element analysis of the non-standard O-ring sealing structure was carried out using ANSYS Workbench software; the effects of different pressures and compression ratios on the O-ring sealing performance were analysed and studied in terms of von Mises stress, contact pressure and contact width of different contact surfaces so as to determine a more reasonable compression ratio in the sealing structure. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the non-standard spherical sealing structure using O-rings was validated by testing, and it was proven that it could maintain a good seal under high pressure.
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WOON, S. C. "ANALYTIC CONTINUATION OF OPERATORS APPLICATIONS: FROM NUMBER THEORY AND GROUP THEORY TO QUANTUM FIELD AND STRING THEORIES." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 11, no. 04 (April 1999): 463–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x99000179.
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We are used to thinking of an operator acting once, twice, and so on. However, an operator can be analytically continued to the operator raised to a complex power. Applications include (s,r) diagrams and an extension of Fractional Calculus where commutativity of fractional derivatives is preserved, generating integrals and non-standard derivations of theorems in Number Theory, non-integer power series and breaking of Leibniz and Chain rules, pseudo-groups and symmetry deforming models in particle physics and cosmology, non-local effect in analytically continued matrix representations and its connection with noncommutative geometry, particle-physics-like scatterings of zeros of analytically continued Bernoulli polynomials, and analytic continuation of operators in QM, QFT and Strings.
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Koterlin, I. B., and A. T. Shtykh. "REGULATORY REGULATION OF NON-STANDARD EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE DUE TO THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392115.
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The article is devoted to the study of the effects of pandemic restrictions on employment and attempts to regulate this situation. Until recently, remote employment was practically not represented in domestic legislation. However, the legislator was forced to pay attention to gaps in the legislation due to the growing number of employees working remotely. Their numbers have risen sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After quarantine, many companies have seen the benefits of telecommuting and freelance, and there is reason to believe that this format will remain in demand. In Ukraine, the main reasons for the rapid spread of freelance are the desire of a very large proportion of employees already to find additional sources of income in connection with the coronary crisis, as well as – wider opportunities for first employment for students, higher earnings, freedom to choose time, place and form work, in general – wider opportunities for self-realization with a free work schedule. At the same time, due to the fact that today freelance is not provided by the current labor legislation of Ukraine, freelancers are actually in a legal vacuum, forced to either register as business entities or work illegally. Widespread non-standard employment is associated with the transition from forced labor, which was characteristic of industrial society, to free activity. The article examines such a category of non-standard employment as remote work and freelance, compares remote work and freelance activities. The differences between these concepts stem from the nature of the relationship: telework is equal to labor relations, and freelance belongs to the category of civil relations. The legal relations that arise when using remote work and freelance in a pandemic are analyzed. The organization of work of remote workers and freelancers differs significantly from the organization of work in traditional forms of employment of employees. The legal aspects of regulation of freelance and distance work in Ukraine and prospects for the development of such legal relations are studied. Based on the analyzed information, recommendations for effective public management of telework and freelance activities have been created. Key words: remote work, freelance, remote employee, freelancer, labor guarantees, labor agreement, employment guarantees, rights and obligations of employers.
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Kocik, Jerzy. "Skein relations for spin networks, modifed." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 27, no. 07 (June 2018): 1841003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216518410031.
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An alternative framework underlying connection between tensor [Formula: see text]-calculus and spin networks is suggested. New sign convention for the inner product in the dual spinor space leads to a simpler and direct set of initial rules for the diagrammatic recoupling methods. Yet, it preserves the standard chromatic graph evaluations. In contrast with the standard formulation, the background space is that of symmetric tensor spaces, which seems to be in accordance with the representation theory of [Formula: see text]. An example of Apollonian disk packing is shown to be a source of spin networks. The graph labeling is extended to non-integer values, resulting in the complex values of chromatic evaluations.
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Belentsov, Yu A., V. V. Egorov, M. S. Abu-Khasan, and L. R. Kuprava. "Influence of the Accuracy of Strength Control on the Quality of the Structures Being Erected." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 5 (February 1, 2022): 052048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052048.
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Abstract The influence of the accuracy of tests in the process of quality control is analyzed on the example of assessing the class of concrete in standard samples and non-destructive methods. Quality control is seen as part of the reliability triad, ensuring a level of reliability during construction. The relationship was established between the accuracy of test methods and quality control based on the result of construction. The factors influencing the efficiency increase of the quality control system are determined The prospects for the development of the accuracy of standard destructive and non-destructive testing methods are assessed. A system for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of testing by non-destructive methods and a connection with the reliability of the structures being erected has been developed; A rational organization of concrete strength control using direct and indirect methods is proposed. The calculation of the organizational and technical potential for the use of non-destructive testing methods has been made; assessment of the influence of changes in the structural characteristics of concrete during its long-term operation on the results of non-destructive testing of strength.
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Zhang, Xiaoshi. "Rethinking International Legal Narrative Concerning Nineteenth Century China: Seeking China’s Intellectual Connection to International Law." Chinese Journal of Global Governance 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340029.
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Abstract The standard of civilization is haunting international legal studies. The problem remains whether the non-Western traditions are legitimate sources for international governance. Although legal scholars sometimes approach international law from different perspectives or from a particular experience, at last, they are still writing about one international law that are supposed to apply to all nation-states without differentiation. The future outlook of international law partly depends on if there are real and lasting Asian intellectual connections with international law and whether the Asian inspirations could find their expression in the existing international legal framework. After exploring the existing discourse on China’s reception of international law in the nineteenth century, the paper suggests that Qing China’s statesmen had a vision for co-existence of international legal system and the China oriented tributary system.
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KILIC, Musa, Gonca BALCI KILIC, Murat DEMIR, Gulsah CELIK, Izzet Onal BUGDUZ, and Can BULUT. "A NEW TEST METHOD TO MEASURE THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF SPACER FABRICS." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.30.
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Spacer fabric is a three-dimensional structure that obtained by the connection of two parallel fabric surfaces with the connection threads. Spacer fabrics are widely used for their several functional advantages that they provide unlike conventional fabrics. Compressibility is one of the important functional parameters for these fabric structures. The compressibility values of the spacer fabrics are measured based on the ISO 3386-1 standard. However, this standard is used for structures that have non-axial shear during compression such as foam, sponge and so on. It is thought that this standard is not suitable for spacer fabric structures due to the shear deformation which occurs during the measurement of compressibility. For this purpose, as in accordance with spacer fabrics end-use area, a new test system been proposed to measure of compressibility that prevents shear during the test. Thus, it is aimed to prevent the shear deformation and the deviant results obtained during the test. Within the scope of the study, the compressibility properties of spacer fabric structures, which have undergone different thicknesses and different finishing processes, were measured according to both ISO 3386-1 and the new proposed test method. When the results were compared, it was observed that the results obtained in the new proposed test setup were higher and the difference between the measured results according to both test methods was statistically significant for α = 0.05.
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Henry, Ryan. "Polynomial Batch Codes for Efficient IT-PIR." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2016-0036.
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Abstract Private information retrieval (PIR) is a way for clients to query a remote database without the database holder learning the clients’ query terms or the responses they generate. Compelling applications for PIR are abound in the cryptographic and privacy research literature, yet existing PIR techniques are notoriously inefficient. Consequently, no such PIRbased application to date has seen real-world at-scale deployment. This paper proposes new “batch coding” techniques to help address PIR’s efficiency problem. The new techniques exploit the connection between ramp secret sharing schemes and efficient information-theoretically secure PIR (IT-PIR) protocols. This connection was previously observed by Henry, Huang, and Goldberg (NDSS 2013), who used ramp schemes to construct efficient “batch queries” with which clients can fetch several database records for the same cost as fetching a single record using a standard, non-batch query. The new techniques in this paper generalize and extend those of Henry et al. to construct “batch codes” with which clients can fetch several records for only a fraction the cost of fetching a single record using a standard non-batch query over an unencoded database. The batch codes are highly tuneable, providing a means to trade off (i) lower server-side computation cost, (ii) lower server-side storage cost, and/or (iii) lower uni- or bi-directional communication cost, in exchange for a comparatively modest decrease in resilience to Byzantine database servers.
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Kunshchikova, Marina О. "Proper Names as a Source of Wordplay in Classroom Bilingual Speech." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 1 (2022): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.1.010.
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The article explores the use of proper names as a source of wordplay in the classroom bilingual interaction in English as a second language. It is noted that wordplay becomes a means of accommodation to the onomastic system of a foreign language when proper names trigger bilingual metalinguistic reflection. The author emphasizes that wordplay is a process of deliberate deviation from language norms in which the proper name is a standard language unit (‘normema’) that undergoes linguistic reinterpretation and turns into a non-standard language unit (‘igrema’) developing both formal and semantic changes. It is exactly the non-standard nature of onomastic units under study and the specificity of the material that explain the novelty of the present research. This paper aims to identify the reasons why proper names become a source of non-standard language units in the classroom bilingual speech. Two groups of such reasons are distinguished, namely, the features of the formal morphological structure of proper names and features of their lexical meaning. It appears that wordplay occurs in proper names that include a ‘transferable’ component, creating an associative metatextual reference in the bilingual mind. Proceeding from the fact that such components can be found on the phonemic, morphemic, or lexical level, the author describes three corresponding models of wordplay. It is noted that wordplay mostly involves proper names with a distinct social component that is also relevant in the community of native English speakers. These include personal and place names, names of organizations and products. For each type of proper names, the author suggests two types of the development of the semantic connection between a standard language unit and a non-standard language unit: the one that does not involve the internal form of a proper name and another one that is based on it.
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Kunshchikova, Marina О. "Proper Names as a Source of Wordplay in Classroom Bilingual Speech." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 1 (2022): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.1.010.
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The article explores the use of proper names as a source of wordplay in the classroom bilingual interaction in English as a second language. It is noted that wordplay becomes a means of accommodation to the onomastic system of a foreign language when proper names trigger bilingual metalinguistic reflection. The author emphasizes that wordplay is a process of deliberate deviation from language norms in which the proper name is a standard language unit (‘normema’) that undergoes linguistic reinterpretation and turns into a non-standard language unit (‘igrema’) developing both formal and semantic changes. It is exactly the non-standard nature of onomastic units under study and the specificity of the material that explain the novelty of the present research. This paper aims to identify the reasons why proper names become a source of non-standard language units in the classroom bilingual speech. Two groups of such reasons are distinguished, namely, the features of the formal morphological structure of proper names and features of their lexical meaning. It appears that wordplay occurs in proper names that include a ‘transferable’ component, creating an associative metatextual reference in the bilingual mind. Proceeding from the fact that such components can be found on the phonemic, morphemic, or lexical level, the author describes three corresponding models of wordplay. It is noted that wordplay mostly involves proper names with a distinct social component that is also relevant in the community of native English speakers. These include personal and place names, names of organizations and products. For each type of proper names, the author suggests two types of the development of the semantic connection between a standard language unit and a non-standard language unit: the one that does not involve the internal form of a proper name and another one that is based on it.
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KEIMEL, KLAUS, and GORDON D. PLOTKIN. "Predicate transformers for extended probability and non-determinism." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 19, no. 3 (June 2009): 501–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129509007555.
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We investigate laws for predicate transformers for the combination of non-deterministic choice and (extended) probabilistic choice, where predicates are taken to be functions to the extended non-negative reals, or to closed intervals of such reals. These predicate transformers correspond to state transformers, which are functions to conical powerdomains, which are the appropriate powerdomains for the combined forms of non-determinism. As with standard powerdomains for non-deterministic choice, these come in three flavours – lower, upper and (order-)convex – so there are also three kinds of predicate transformers. In order to make the connection, the powerdomains are first characterised in terms of relevant classes of functionals.Much of the development is carried out at an abstract level, a kind of domain-theoretic functional analysis: one considers d-cones, which are dcpos equipped with a module structure over the non-negative extended reals, in place of topological vector spaces. Such a development still needs to be carried out for probabilistic choice per se; it would presumably be necessary to work with a notion of convex space rather than a cone.
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Tatarinov, Alexey, Viktor Mironov, Dmitry Rybak, and Pavels Stankevich. "Non-Destructive Testing of Joints of Antifriction Parts Crimped by Pulsed Magnetic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.248.
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Possibilities of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to assess the quality of permanent joints of powder metal parts were evaluated. Antifriction bushing-bushing couples used in transport braking systems were investigated. The parts made of bronze graphite were crimped by pulsed magnetic deformation by means of electromagnetic equipment with a maximum discharge energy of 30 kJ. The gap between joint parts in the couples was assessed by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. A standard ultrasonic flaw detector Krautkramer USM-25 with an Olympus 4MHz dual-element echo transducer and an industrial x-ray apparatus YXLON EVO 200D were used, correspondingly. In first trial, both methods were equally sensitive to tight and weak connection of joints.
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Kiseleva, L. "The connection between dark matter, internal motions and configurational properties of triple galaxies." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 174 (2000): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100055342.
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AbstractNumerical simulations of the dynamics of triplets of galaxies show that virial estimations of the individual masses of triplets are unreliable because of strong nonsteadiness of these groups and projection effects. However, the mass of a typical small galaxy group can be estimated statistically, from data on a whole homogeneous ensemble of groups such as, for example, Karachentsev’s Catalogue of compact galaxy triplets. The characteristic total mass of a triplet from this catalogue is 4 - 7 times greater than the visible mass when the standard mass-to-light ratio is assumed. This suggests the presence of some considerable amount of dark matter even in these compact triplets. In wide triplets of galaxies the amount of dark matter may be significantly larger. The presence of distributed dark matter makes motions of galaxies in triplets more stochastic. In this case the existence of long-lived hierarchical configurations (temporary binaries) in triple systems becomes much less probable than without dark matter. The analysis of internal motions of galaxies in triplets and their configurations may be interpreted as additional non-dynamical evidence of the presence of dark matter in galaxy triplets.
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Zalaghi, Hasan, and Mahdi Khazaei. "The Role of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning in Accounting Research and Standard Setting." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 8, no. 1 (February 22, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v8i1.8148.
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<p>Accounting has been offered as an academic discipline in universities and higher education institutions for more than a century. For the first time in history, the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) puts forth efforts to compile the generally accepted accounting principles back in 1939. Since then, we have witnessed more efforts in setting accounting standards along with an expansion of the accounting theory and academic research studies. All of the mentioned efforts are signs of the fact that accounting is going through a change, from a profession into a field of science. However, one cannot claim accounting as a scientific field without justification, reasoning, and argumentation. Thereby, in this article while studying the deductive and inductive reasoning, we will elaborate their role in developing the accounting theory, setting the accounting standards, and accounting research. What has been expected from the accounting theory is to enable the standard setting authorities to deduce standards. Considering the impact of accounting theory on standard setting, the main aim of this study is to explore the role of deductive and inductive reasoning in the development of accounting theory and setting accounting standards. Furthermore, regarding the fact that accounting research is the joint connection between accounting theory and standards, the role of these reasoning approaches on the integrity of this connection is studied. This non-empirical research is based on reviewing of the existing literature.</p>
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Koizumi, Hiroyasu, and Alto Ishikawa. "Theory of supercurrent in superconductors." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 31 (October 2, 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220300017.
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According to the standard theory of superconductivity, the origin of superconductivity is electron pairing. The induced current by a magnetic field is calculated by the linear response to the vector potential, and the supercurrent is identified as the dissipationless flow of the paired electrons, while single electrons flow with dissipation. This supercurrent description suffers from the following serious problems: (1) it contradicts the reversible superconducting-normal phase transition in a magnetic field observed in type I superconductors; (2) the gauge invariance of the supercurrent induced by a magnetic field requires the breakdown of the global [Formula: see text] gauge invariance, or the nonconservation of the particle number; and (3) the explanation of the ac Josephson effect is based on the boundary condition that is different from the real experimental one. We will show that above problems are resolved if the supercurrent is attributed to the collective mode arising from the Berry connection for many-body wavefunctions. Problem (1) is resolved by attributing the appearance and disappearance of the supercurrent to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of topologically protected loop currents produced by the Berry connection; problem (2) is resolved by assigning the non-conserved number to that for the particle number participating in the collective mode produced by the Berry connection; and problem (3) is resolved by identifying the relevant phase in the Josephson effect is that arising from the Berry connection, and using the modified Bogoliubov transformation that conserves the particle number. We argue that the required Berry connection arises from spin-twisting itinerant motion of electrons. For this motion to happen, the Rashba spin–orbit interaction has to be added to the Hamiltonian for superconducting systems. The collective mode from the Berry connections is stabilized by the pairing interaction that changes the number of particles participating in it; thus, the superconducting transition temperatures for some superconductors is given by the pairing energy gap formation temperature as explained in the BCS theory. The topologically protected loop currents in this case are generated as cyclotron motion of electrons that is quantized by the Berry connection even without an external magnetic field. We also explain a way to obtain the Berry connection from spin-twisting itinerant motion of electrons for a two-dimensional model where the on-site Coulomb repulsion is large and doped holes form small polarons. In this model, the electron pairing is not required for the stabilization of the collective mode, and the supercurrent is given as topologically protected spin-vortex-induced loop currents (SVILCs).
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Bobkov, Vyacheslav N., and Natalia V. Loktyukhina. "Directions of Social and Economic Policy in the Context of the Development of Non-Standard Forms of Employment in the Russian Federation." Level of Life of the Population of the Regions of Russia 16, no. 1 (2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.1.2.
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The Object of the Study. Informal employment in Russia, factors affecting the development of informal employment. The Subject of the Study. Socio-economic policy in connection with the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Purpose of the Study. Developing of proposals for the transformation of socioeconomic policy in the context of the development of non-standard forms of employment in Russia. The Main Provisions of the Article. The main factors influencing the development of non-standard forms of employment are: the development of information and communication technologies and robotics, changing consumer preferences, demographic factors, changing the quality of the workforce, institutional factors, globalization. The proposals on the directions of socioeconomic policy, necessary for a positive impact on the situation with the state and development of precarious work in Russia are substantiated. The objective of such a policy in terms of precarious work is to reduce (reduce to “no”) its risks, expand positive opportunities for the parties to labour relations and society as a whole in the context of the development of the ICT and robotization. Measures are proposed in the field of the “lifelong learning” program, state regulation of the labour market (including in terms of improving the activities of state and non-state employment services, unemployment benefits, electronic personnel management), the development of a social partnership system (primarily in terms of improving activities of trade unions), the development of external institutions affecting the labour market and employment (Tax policy, Informing on the state of legal regulation labor relations). It is advisable to update the National Project “Labour Productivity and Employment Support”, providing for the whole range of issues of promoting productive employment, due to the development of its non-standard precarized forms.
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Javaloyes, Miguel Ángel, Miguel Sánchez, and Fidel F. Villaseñor. "On the Significance of the Stress–Energy Tensor in Finsler Spacetimes." Universe 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020093.
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We revisit the physical arguments that led to the definition of the stress–energy tensor T in the Lorentz–Finsler setting (M,L) starting with classical relativity. Both the standard heuristic approach using fluids and the Lagrangian one are taken into account. In particular, we argue that the Finslerian breaking of Lorentz symmetry makes T an anisotropic 2-tensor (i.e., a tensor for each L-timelike direction), in contrast with the energy-momentum vectors defined on M. Such a tensor is compared with different ones obtained by using a Lagrangian approach. The notion of divergence is revised from a geometric viewpoint, and, then, the conservation laws of T for each observer field are revisited. We introduce a natural anisotropic Lie bracket derivation, which leads to a divergence obtained from the volume element and the non-linear connection associated with L alone. The computation of this divergence selects the Chern anisotropic connection, thus giving a geometric interpretation to previous choices in the literature.
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Benyettou, Loutfi. "Comparative Study Entered New Approach FMV and Control SFR for Active Compensation of Harmonic Currents in Shunt Active Power Filter." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v7i2.pp119-128.
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In this article, we discuss the problem of degradation of current in electrical installations, which follows directly from the proliferation of non-linear loads, to solve it, we used a two-level inverter as a parallel active filter, which injects current harmonics at the connection point with two compensation methods the method of instantaneous active and reactive power (pq method and pq method with MVF) method binds to the repository synchronization. We will highlight two control strategies by hysteresis and PWM. Simulation results using Blok set Power System (PBS)/ Simulink Matlab show reduced THD in accordance with standard IEEE-519.
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Sukumar, C. V., and Andrew Hodges. "Quantum algebras and parity-dependent spectra." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2086 (July 10, 2007): 2415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.0003.
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We study the structure of a quantum algebra in which a parity-violating term modifies the standard commutation relation between the creation and annihilation operators of the simple harmonic oscillator. We discuss several useful applications of the modified algebra. We show that the Bernoulli and Euler numbers arise naturally in a special case. We also show a connection with Gaussian and non-Gaussian squeezed states of the simple harmonic oscillator. Such states have been considered in quantum optics. The combinatorial theory of Bernoulli and Euler numbers is developed and used to calculate matrix elements for squeezed states.
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Pinto, Leonardo Augustus Peral Ferreira, Viviane Ferreira Ramos, and Roberta Tarkany Basting. "Stress Generated in Customized Versus Non-Customized Rigid Fixation Plates in a Simulation of Mandibular Advancement." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction Open 5 (January 1, 2020): 247275122097525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472751220975255.
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Study design: A finite element method used to virtually analyze the distribution of stresses in human mandible. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of stresses in 1 customized and 2 non-customized plates used in simulated procedures of mandibular advancement and rigid fixation after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. Methods: The model used was obtained from a tomograph of an 18-year-old patient, and the simulation involved advancing the mandibular body by 4.75 mm. The plates used were Osteomed, double-row medium; Stryker, standard straight; and Traumec, custom-machined double straight. Virtual models of the mandible and the installed plates were generated and submitted to finite element analysis. Two 100-N loads, 1 anterior and 1 posterior, were applied perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Results: In the Osteomed and Traumec plate models, the stress peaks occurred near the separation zone of the mandible, adjacent to the connections. In the Stryker plate model, the stress peak occurred in the region between the screws. Conclusions: The Stryker plate was associated with the lowest risk of compromising bone repair, followed by the Traumec and Osteomed plates. Stress concentration was related to plate length and to the existence of a connection between the upper and lower portions of the fixation used.
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Nascimento, M., M. Lázaro, J. Reis, G. Pereira, F. Bacelar, and A. Nobre. "Affective disorders, psychosis and lipid levels: Is there a connection? Linking psychopathology, clinical exams and neurobiology." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1439.
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IntroductionPublished research regarding the relationship between lipid levels in affective disorders has been contradictory. Additionally, most studies correlating psychosis to lipid serum concentrations only concern schizophrenic patients.ObjectiveTo access the relationship between serum lipid levels with the diagnosis and pathophysiology of affective disorders.MethodsDiagnostic data (ICD–10: F31–32), including mood and psychotic features, were prospectively collected for all patients admitted at the affective disorder ward at Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa (Portugal), during the third trimester of 2016. Serum concentrations of triglycerides and total/HDL/LDL cholesterol were evaluated using standard laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was performed for possible correlations between serum lipid levels and:– different stages of bipolar disorder (BD);– elevated versus depressive mood (unipolar and bipolar);– depressive mood (BD versus non-BD);– psychotic features.ResultsSixty-three patients admitted were enrolled in this study: 47 presented with BD (32 manic, 10 depressives and 5 mixed episodes) and 16 presented depressive disorders. Statistical analysis (R software) revealed that depressed bipolar patients had significantly higher triglyceride (P = 0.026), total and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.525) levels than other states; mixed episodes presented higher HDL levels (P = 0.542). Although not significant, manic patients’ HDL levels were consistently elevated compared to depressive ones, whom presented with lower values overall. Finally, when adjusted for age, psychotic patients showed lower levels of total (P = 0.031) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.052) compared to non-psychotic patients.ConclusionsThere is a potential link between serum lipid levels and diagnosis/psychopathology of affective disorders. Further research is needed to characterize its pathophysiologic relevance.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Wieczorek, Barbara. "Influence Imperfections on the Difference between the Numerical and Experimental Investigations of a Punching in the Central Slab-Column Connections of RC Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 769 (June 2015): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.769.264.
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This paper presents the results of laboratory tests concerning the central connection of the slab with the column, in which an additional reinforcement ensuring the structure against a progressive collapse was applied as to recommended in the standard PN-EN 1991-1-7:2008 as well as in PN-EN 1992-1-1:2008. Regulations concerning the necessity of such a reinforcement are also contained in the American and Australian standard as well as in the Bulletin FIB. The obtained results of investigations have been compared with calculations based on a spatial numerical model representing the analyzed phenomenon. The numerical model bases on predefined material models of steel and concrete, taking into account non-linear dependences of the strength of these materials. The values of displacements of the upper surface of the slab depending on the exerted load were compared with the values of numerical calculations.
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Subirà-Pifarré, Carles, Cristina Masuet-Aumatell, Carlos Rodado Alonso, Ricardo Medina Madrid, and Cosimo Galletti. "Assessment of Dental Implants with Modified Calcium-Phosphate Surface in a Multicenter, Prospective, Non-Interventional Study: Results up to 50 Months of Follow-Up." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb10010005.
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Prescription of implant treatments is very widespread at present, mainly due to the low rate of annual loss and, to date, few studies have assessed their survival in the routine clinical practice of dentistry. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental implants with a calcium-phosphate surface in the daily practice of dental clinics. A multicenter, prospective, non-interventional, observational study was performed, in which three experienced practitioners (one maxillofacial and two oral surgeons) inserted implants using standard external and internal hexagon connections in adult patients requiring ≥1 osseointegrated implants to replace missing teeth. Follow-up was performed for 24 months after implant loading. Two hundred and twelve subjects were included (51.5% men), with a mean age of 51.2 ± 11.90 years, in whom 544 implants were inserted. 87.2% of the patients received 1–4 implants. The preferred connection system was internal hexagon (73.5%). There were nine failures, with an interval survival rate (ISR) at 24 months of 100% and a cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 98.3%. In conclusion, implants with a modified calcium-phosphate surface are associated with a high rate of survival and may be considered a method of choice in clinical practice.