Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Standard bending test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Standard bending test":
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Liu, Chao, Ning Ding, Jingsong Duan, Lili Zhou, Shanfu Cui, Shuna Jiang, and Aofei Li. "Precise mathematical model for the ratchet tooth root bending stress." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 20, 2021): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-1105-2021.
Abstract:
Abstract. A ratchet is an essential component of the ratchet pawl mechanism. But the traditional ratchet strength check method has certain limitations in the design process. In this paper, the stress analysis of the ratchet is discussed and a precision mathematical model for the ratchet tooth root bending stress is proposed for the first time. This model was established by the folded section and defined by the incision effect theory. To test the prediction ability of the proposed mathematical model, the maximum stress of three standard ratchets and one non-standard ratchet were analyzed by the FEA (finite element analysis) method. The non-standard ratchet was adapted in the ratchet experiment to analyze its maximum stress. The analysis results presented in this paper show that the proposed mathematical model has a good predictability, regardless of whether it is a standard or non-standard ratchet. It is recommended that this model can be used to predict the ratchet tooth root bending stress in the ratchet design process.
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Kalia, Ajit, Juhi Joshi, Mohammed Mandsaurwala, Sayali Bobade, and Azmat Azha Khan. "Esthetic nickel titanium wires– Do they deliver the same force?" IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2022.045.
Abstract:
To test the difference in loading and unloading forces delivered by six coated nickel-titanium wires and their non-coated equivalents. Commercially available six coated nickel-titanium wires and their non-coated equivalents of sizes 0.016-inch diameter round and 0.016 X 0.022-inch rectangular cross-section were procured. The wires were evaluated using a three-point bending test based on the method in ISO Standard 15841. No statistically significant differences in force values were found between coated and non-coated wires, listed by deflection in three-point bending, for these specific groups.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 11.5 (Chicago, III). Analysis of variance was performed with Sheffe post hoc for the mean comparison among the measurements of each loading and unloading deflection for coated and non-coated wires. Student’s t-tests was performed for the mean comparisons between non coated and coated groups for each deflection. There is no significant difference in load response between coated and non-coated nickel-titanium wires of the same size when subjected to the same deflection using a standard three-point bend test method.
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Chai, Teck Jung, Tan Cher Siang, Tang Hing Kwong, and Koh Heng Boon. "Bending Strength of Magnesium Oxide Board." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.169.
Abstract:
Magnesium Oxide (MgO) board has been widely used in prefabricated lightweight steelframe wall systems and as the floor board covering component. It is a non-insulating sheathingboard product which consists of sustainable materials with the characteristics of fire resistance,weather-ability, strength, resistance to mold and mildew. Although MgO board has recentlyworldwide used in façade construction but the research data related to the laboratory work such asthe bending strength is still limited. The previous studies on the bending strength of MgO board arebased on various standards such as ASTM, JC688 and British Standard subjected to the productscharacteristics and patterns. Therefore, the bending strength values obtained were inconsistent andnot convincing. Thus, this paper aims to examine the bending strength of MgO board with threedifference thicknesses (6mm, 9 mm and 12 mm) based on BS EN 310:1993 subjected to threepoints bending test. The failure modes during three points bending test was observed and theexperimental results obtained were compared with the theoretical values and others relevantstandards. A total of thirty six specimens with twelve specimens for each thickness in two groupdirections namely longitudinal (length) and transverse (width) direction were tested. The specimenswere prepared based on BS EN 326-1:1994 and BS EN 325:2012. The maximum flexure load of thespecimens was recorded and arithmetic mean bending strength for each thickness was presented.The experimental results showed the tested MgO board was not achieved minimum bendingstrength for load bearing used. It is recommended to be used in non-load bearing façade claddingconstruction.
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Kunecký, Jiří, Václav Sebera, Jan Tippner, Hana Hasníková, Michal Kloiber, Anna Arciszewska-Kędzior, and Jaromír Milch. "Mechanical Performance and Contact Zone of Timber Joint With Oblique Faces." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 4 (2015): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563041153.
Abstract:
The goal of the work was to evaluate mechanical performance of full-scale timber beams containing scarf joint with a dowel. Work focused on standard testing using modular system to obtain effective stiffness and strength of the beams with and without the joint. The work further researched a contact zone between two timber parts of the joint – at the scarf face. This was carried out using non-destructive optical technique – digital image correlation (DIC) and newly developed algorithm. The joint was made of Norway spruce, dims. 6×0.2×0.24 m and was loaded by two modes: a) 3-point bending and b) 4-point bending. During the loading, a sequence of images was acquired for further investigation of contact zone using the proposed algorithm. The joint with scarf and dowel provided enough effective stiffness, ie. 73–93% for 3-point bending test and 71% for 4-point bending with respect to MOE measured on reference solid beams. Effective strength of the joint was also relatively high and in a range of 55% and 60% with respect to reference solid beams in both 3-point and 4-point bending tests. Contact length differed for loading modes. Mean contact length in symmetrical 4-point bending was about 40%, for asymmetrical 3-point bending test, it was approx. 20% on face closer to support and 44% on a face closer to loads.
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Kosior-Kazberuk, Marta, and Rafał Wasilczyk. "Influence of static long-term loads and cyclic freezing/thawing on the behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with BFRP and HFRP bars." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817404013.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to define the influence of static longterm loads and cyclic freezing/thawing on the deflections and cracking of concrete beams with non-metallic reinforcement. The rods made of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) were used as non-metallic reinforcement. Four series of single span beams were loaded with a single static force in a three-point bending test, then specimens were subjected to 150 freezing/thawing cycles in a large-size climatic chamber. The experimental test results were compared to those obtained from prior carried out short-term tests and theoretical calculations based on ACI 440:1R-06 standard concerning concrete element with non-metallic reinforcement.
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Susanto, Eko, Yulian Maheswara, and Akhmad Basuki Widodo. "Bending Strength of Apus Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Asphalt Composite Materials as Small Ship." BERKALA SAINSTEK 10, no. 4 (December 10, 2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v10i4.32604.
Abstract:
Bamboo is generally widely used as a material or construction material in homes. However, the use of bamboo as a raw material for shipbuilding is not yet available. To make bamboo as a material in shipbuilding, the bamboo is assembled or made into a composite to meet class standards as a material for shipbuilding. In this study, the composites used were apus bamboo fiber and asphalt. The method of making the composite uses the hand lay-up method with variations of 1 layer of reinforcement, 3 layers of reinforcement, and 5 layers of reinforcement. The dimensions of the test specimen size refer to ASTM D 790-3 which is then carried out by bending tests to determine the strength of the material due to loading and the elasticity of the material. Furthermore, the results of the bending test will be analyzed using the Anova method and compared with the standard material class in ship construction. Results Asphalt composite material with apus bamboo fiber has the highest bending test value of 27,068 Mpa and the lowest bending test value of 25,998 Mpa. Based on these results, it is stated that the Bamboo reinforced asphalt (BRA) material has not been able to match and even exceed the Bamboo reinforced plastic (BRP) material in the woven, non-woven and random fiber variants. It is influenced by the diameter, and the strength of the shape between the fiber and the matrix.
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Vu, Ngoc-Hung, Xuan-Tan Pham, Vincent François, and Jean-Christophe Cuillière. "Inverse procedure for mechanical characterization of multi-layered non-rigid composite parts with applications to the assembly process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (July 7, 2019): 6167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219861126.
Abstract:
In assembly process, non-rigid parts in free-state may have different forms compared to the designed model caused by gravity load and residual stresses. For non-rigid parts made by multi-layered fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites, this process becomes much more complex due to the nonlinear behavior of the material. This paper presented an inverse procedure for characterizing large anisotropic deformation behavior of four-layered, carbon fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulphide, non-rigid composite parts. Mechanical responses were measured from the standard three points bending test and the surface displacements of composite plates under flexural loading test. An orthotropic hyperelastic material model was implemented as a UMAT user routine in the Abaqus/Standard to analyze the behavior of flexible fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites. Error functions were defined by subtracting the experimental data from the numerical mechanical responses. Minimizing the error functions helps to identify the material parameters. These optimal parameters were validated for the case of an eight-layered composite material.
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DeTora, M., and K. Kraus. "Mechanical testing of 3.5 mm locking and non-locking bone plates." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 21, no. 04 (2008): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-07-04-0034.
Abstract:
SummaryLocking plate technologies are being developed in order to provide the surgeon with advantages over previous bone plate systems (both locking and non-locking). Locking plate systems possess inherent biological advantages in fracture fixation by preserving the periosteal blood supply, serving as internal fixators. It is important to consider the strength of each orthopaedic implant as an important selection criterion while utilizing the reported advantages of locking plate systems to prevent catastrophic fracture failure. Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants is a common method used to provide a surgeon with insight on mechanical capabilities, as well as to form a standardized method of plate comparison. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate and to quantify observed differences in the bending strength between the LCP (Limited Contact Plate), LC-DCP, 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP (Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate), and SOP (String of Pearls) orthopaedic bone plates. The study design followed the ASTM standard test method for static bending properties of metallic bone plates, which is designed to measure mechanical properties of bone plates subjected to bending, the most common loading encountered in vivo. Single cycle four point bending was performed on each orthopaedic implant. The area moment of inertia, bending stiffness, bending strength, and bending structural stiffness were calculated for each implant. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences (p<0.001) in bending strength and stiffness between the four orthopaedic implants (3.5 Broad LC-DCP>SOP>LCP=LC-DCP). The 3.5 mm LCP should be expected to provide in vivo strength and stiffness similar to a comparable LC-DCP. The SOP should provide strength and stiffness that is greater than a comparable LC-DCP but less than a 3.5 mm Broad LC-DCP.
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Concli, Franco. "Numerical Study of the Impact of Shot Peening on the Tooth Root Fatigue Performances of Gears Using Critical Plane Fatigue Criteria." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 8245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168245.
Abstract:
Gears are one of the the most widespread mechanical components and their design is supported by standard calculation methods. Among all the possible failure modes of gears, tooth root bending is the most critical and could lead to catastrophic failures. In this regard, different surface treatments could be exploited to improve the gear strength. Among them, shot peening is the most common. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of shot peening on improving the tooth root bending resistance. This is achieved by exploiting the Finite Element Method (FEM) in combination with advanced multiaxial fatigue criterion based on the critical plane concept. A standard Single Tooth Bending Fatigue test was reproduced numerically via FEM. Beside the wrought gears, shot peened ones were also simulated. The state of stress induced by the shot peening was obtained numerically by simulating the surface treatment itself with non-linear dynamic analyses. The results have shown quantitatively how the residual stresses promote an improvement in the resistance and how the local hardening could lead to different early paths of nucleation and propagation of cracks on the tooth fillet.
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Fuentes-Talavera, F. J., J. A. Silva-Guzmán, R. Rodríguez-Anda, M. G. Lomelí-Ramírez, R. Sanjuán-Dueñas, and H. G. Richter. "Strength properties and natural durability of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) branch wood." Madera y Bosques 17, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/myb.2011.1711153.
Abstract:
This paper reports on mechanical properties and natural durability of avocado branch wood (Persea americana Mill.) with the objectives of providing a reliable property profile and to promote the rational use of this abundant yet largely neglected natural resource. The mechanical properties (static bending, compression, shear, impact bending) and hardness were determined in accordance with European standards (CEN). Natural durability was assessed according to the European standard EN 350-1 (agar block test) using the white rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and the brown rot fungus Postia placenta. Avocado trees yield a low to medium density (0,44-0,54-0,64 g/cm3 at 12% mc) branch wood with below average strength under static bending, compression and tension parallel to the grain and average values for longitudinal shear, impact bending and hardness. The wood is rated non-resistant (class 5 according to EN 350-1) and thus is not suitable for exterior applications unless treated. Considering its property profile and the small dimensions available, avocado wood is recommended for general carpentry, furniture, interior paneling, glue-boards for closets and cabinets, and glue-lams for indoor framework.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-Standard bending test":
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Salloum, Joulia. "Comportement mécanique de Matériaux Sandwichs Innovants pour application nautique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., IMT Mines Alès, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAL0017.
Abstract:
Ce travail consiste en une étude expérimentale et numérique du comportement mécanique endommageable de matériaux composites sandwichs utilisés pour l’industrie nautique. A des fins d’éco-conception, les parements stratifiés exploitent des non tissés triaxiaux à base de basalte associés à une résine partiellement biosourcée (greenpoxy) et les mousses d’âme sont produites en PET recyclé. Au-delà de la préparation de ces matériaux par infusion sous vide et de leur caractérisation microstructurale et mécanique, le développement d’un modèle robuste capable de prévoir la réponse de ces matériaux sandwichs sous sollicitation statique en constitue l’objectif principal. Qu’il s’agisse de compression de la mousse seule, de traction simple du monolithique selon différentes directions ou de flexion sur le composite sandwich, l’ensemble des essais mécaniques est instrumenté par de la corrélation d’images sur plusieurs faces de l’échantillon pour suivre l’évolution des endommagements en temps réel. L’étude par éléments finis 3D de la réponse mécanique des constituants seuls (mousse et monolithique) et du sandwich est réalisée sur la base de simulations sous Abaqus® dans le but de juger de l’applicabilité des critères de rupture et des méthodes d’évolution des dommages. Pour la mousse, le modèle « crushable foam » a été utilisé afin de prédire l’effondrement au sein de la mousse dans la structure sandwiche. Pour le monolithique, un modèle d'endommagement progressif des constituants fibre/matrice est adopté au sein de chaque pli et des éléments cohésifs entre plis adjacents permettent de rendre compte de la délamination à une échelle mésoscopique. Cette méthodologie a pour but de prédire l'initiation et l'accumulation des dommages dans le stratifié. La méthodologie proposée est générique et constitue une base évolutive permettant notamment d’introduire la notion de cohésion entre fibre et matrice dont on souhaiterait juger de l’efficacitéThis work consists of an experimental and numerical study of the mechanical behaviour of sandwich composite materials used in the nautical industry, up to damage occurrence and its evolution. For eco-design purposes, the facings are made of NCF triaxial basalt fibre laminates and a partially bio-sourced resin (greenpoxy), and the core consists of recycled PET foam. In addition to preparing these materials via vacuum infusion and conducting their microstructural and mechanical characterisation, the main goal of this study is to develop a robust model capable of predicting the response of these sandwich materials under static loading. It is worth noting that all conducted mechanical tests, including compression of the foam alone, simple traction of the monolithic in different directions, or bending of the sandwich composite, are instrumented by image correlation on multiple sides of the specimen to monitor the real-time damage evolution. Furthermore, a 3D finite element study of the mechanical response of the single components (foam and monolithic) and the sandwich is carried out based on Abaqus® simulations to assess the applicability of failure criteria and damage evolution methods. For instance, regarding the foam, the "crushable foam" model was used to predict its collapse within the sandwich structure. As for the monolithic, a progressive damage model of the fibre/matrix constituents is adopted within each ply, and cohesive elements between adjacent plies are used to account for delamination on a mesoscopic scale. This methodology aims to predict the initiation and accumulation of damage in the laminate. The proposed methodology is generic and provides an evolving basis for introducing the concept of cohesion between fibre and matrix, the effectiveness of which is intended for evaluation
Book chapters on the topic "Non-Standard bending test":
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Sharifi Ghaderi, Javad. "Determining the Characteristics of Acoustic Emission in the Fatigue Crack Growth of Aluminum Alloy 2025 for Online Structural Monitoring." In Advances in Fatigue and Fracture Testing and Modelling [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99360.
Abstract:
In the use of metals, due to industrial advances and the application of more dynamic loads, it is necessary to pay more attention to the fatigue issue. Non-destructive inspection methods are used to condition and health monitoring of structures at the time of production and even during the service life of parts. Among non-destructive methods, the acoustic emission method has become a standard and reliable method in recent years. In this project, the characteristics of acoustic emission in the fatigue crack growth of aluminum alloy 2025 for online structural monitoring have been investigated and determined. Acoustic emission tests have been performed in two parts: bending fatigue test with the aim of initiation of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy 2025 specimens and following tensile tests with the aim of growth of fatigue cracks. The acoustic emission signals and parameters sent by the acoustic emission sensor during both tests were received and recorded by the acoustic emission software. According to the received acoustic emission information, various diagrams are plotted. Analyzing the results from online acoustic emission monitoring showed, the acoustic emission method can be considered as a suitable and reliable technique for detecting crack initiation and crack growth in aluminum alloy 2025.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-Standard bending test":
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Ferreira, Denis Alves, Vagner Pascualinotto Junior, and Diego F. B. Sarzosa. "Test Protocol Definition to Measure Fracture Toughness J-Parameter Using Non-Standard Four-Point Bending Specimens." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21592.
Abstract:
Abstract This work proposes a new test methodology to characterize the fracture toughness values for either brittle or ductile materials, such as steels of risers and pipelines used in the oil and gas industry by using non-standard four-point bending specimens. Four-point bending (4PB) specimens show to be reliable configuration to characterize fracture toughness values. The methodology involves obtaining compliance equations, stress intensity factors, the proportionality factors between the deformation energy and J-integral, known as η-factor. This study evidences the impact of geometry variation on the crack-tip constraint. Laboratory tests were performed with four-point bending specimens. These experiments were compared with experimental data of standardized geometries SE(B) and SE(T). The results from the preliminary experimental campaign validated the numerical analysis. Thus, the proposed equations can be used to obtain the fracture toughness values using four-point bending specimens.
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Van Wittenberghe, Jeroen, Patrick De Baets, and Wim De Waele. "Non-Linear Contact Analysis of an API Line Pipe Coupling." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77775.
Abstract:
In this study, the finite element model of an API Line Pipe threaded pipe connection is presented. The non-linearities in material properties and contact behaviour are discussed. A series of modifications of the standard connection are simulated to gain a better understanding in the influence of geometrical and material parameters on the connection’s performance. Finally, test results obtained from a four-point bending fatigue experiment are presented and compared with numerical simulations.
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Zhu, Xian-Kui. "Methods to Determine Low-Constraint Fracture Toughness: Review and Progress." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63662.
Abstract:
Fracture toughness is often described by the J-integral or crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) for ductile materials. ASTM, BSI and ISO have developed their own standard test methods for measuring fracture initiation toughness and resistance curves in terms of the J and CTOD using bending dominant specimens in high constraint conditions. However, most actual cracks are in low constraint conditions, and the standard resistance curves may be overly conservative. To obtain more realistic fracture toughness for actual cracks in low-constraint conditions, different fracture test methods have been developed in the past decades. To facilitate understanding and use the test standards, this paper presents a critical review on commonly used fracture toughness test methods using standard and non-standard specimens in reference to the fracture parameters J and CTOD, including (1) ASTM, BSI and ISO standard test methods, (2) constraint correction methods for formulating a constraint-dependent resistance curve, and (3) direct test methods using the single edge-notched tension (SENT) specimen. This review discusses basic concepts, basic methods, estimation equations, test procedures, historical efforts and recent progresses.
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Stephens, Michael John, Simon John Roberts, and Derek James Bennet. "A Validated Methodology to Establish Structural Capacities for Subsea Connector Families." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205412-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Understanding the structural limits of subsea connectors used in offshore environments is critical to ensure safe operations. The latest industry standards establish the requirement for physical testing to validate analysis methodologies for connector designs. In this paper, an analysis methodology, compliant with the latest API 17G standard, is presented for calculating structural capacities of non-preloaded connectors. The methodology has been developed for complex combined loading scenarios and validated using full-scale physical testing for different connector families. Detailed 3-D, non-linear, finite element models were developed for three different non-preloaded connections, which consisted of threaded and load shoulder connectors. A comprehensive set of combined tension and bending moment structural capacities at normal, extreme and survival conditions were calculated for each connection. The calculated capacities were validated for each connection by performing a test sequence using full-scale structural testing. A final tension or bending to failure test was also completed for each test connection to validate the physical failure mode, exceeding the latest API 17G requirements. For all connections tested, capacities calculated using the methodology were validated from the successful completion of the test sequences. The physical failure modes of the test connections also matched the predicted failure modes from the FEA, and the tensile or bending moment loading at physical collapse exceeded that predicted by the global collapse of the FEA model. Using the validated approach described in this paper significantly reduces the requirement of physical testing for connector families, establishing confidence in the structural limits that are critical for safe operations.
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Adams, Douglas J., Svetlana Lublinsky, and Mauricio Barrero. "Test Methods for Accurate and Robust Material Property Measurements of Rodent Cortical Bone." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192893.
Abstract:
Direct measurements of cortical bone material properties are difficult to achieve in rodent long bones due to the inherently small dimensions and difficulties in machining standard test specimen geometries [1]. Bone tissue properties in nearly all rodent studies are thus limited to estimates from flexural tests of long bone diaphyses. In addition to the inaccuracies imposed by the bending stress state itself, these material property estimates are further confounded by the non-uniform geometry of long bones along the diaphyseal length. The goal of this work was to develop a series of techniques to improve the accuracy and precision of material property measurements in rodent long bones, with explicit mathematical correction for geometrical complexity and multiple measurements from individual bones. In combination, these techniques provide a pragmatic serial test routine for collecting multiple direct measurements of cortical tissue elastic modulus and strength, with a potential for improving sensitivity and statistical power in skeletal studies using rodents.
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Yin, Shengjun, Paul T. Williams, Hilda B. Klasky, and B. Richard Bass. "Analysis of Ductile Crack Growth in Pipe Test in STYLE Project." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78518.
Abstract:
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is conducting structural analyses, both deterministic and probabilistic, to simulate a large scale mock-up experiment planned within the European Network for Structural Integrity for Lifetime Management – non-RPV Components (STYLE). The paper summarizes current ORNL analyses of STYLE’s Mock-Up3 experiment to simulate/evaluate ductile crack growth in a cladded ferritic pipe. Deterministic analyses of the large-scale bending test of a ferritic surge pipe, with an internal circumferential crack, are being simulated with a number of local micromechanical approaches, such as Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model. Both FEACrack [1] and ABAQUS [2] general purpose finite element programs are being used to predict the failure load and the failure mode, i.e. ductile tearing or net-section collapse, as part of the pre-test phase of the project. Companion probabilistic analyses of the experiment are utilizing the ORNL developed open-source Structural Integrity Assessment Modular - Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics (SIAM-PFM) framework. SIAM-PFM contains engineering assessment methodologies such as the tearing instability (J-T analysis) module developed for inner surface cracks under bending load. The driving force J-integral estimations are based on the SC.ENG1 or SC.ENG2 models. The J-A2 methodology is used to transfer (constraint-adjust) J-R curve material data from standard test specimens to the Mock-Up3 experiment configuration. The probabilistic results of the Mock-Up3 experiment obtained from SIAM-PFM will be compared to those generated using the deterministic finite element modeling approach. The objective of the probabilistic analysis is to provide uncertainty bounds that will assist in assessing the more detailed 3D finite-element solutions and to also assess the level of confidence that can be placed in the best-estimate finite-element solutions.
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Lagat, Christopher, Reem Roufail, Vamegh Rasouli, Brian Evans, and Soren Soe. "Experimental Investigation of Steel Coiled Tubes Performance Under Cyclic Bending." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23208.
Abstract:
Research is currently being undertaken in Australia to develop new drilling technologies for deep mineral exploration. The Deep Exploration Technologies Cooperative Research Centre (DET CRC) has carried out a comprehensive review of the available drilling technologies in the market. Following the study, coiled tube drilling technology has been suggested as a faster and cheaper method than conventional pipe drilling. This is primarily due to its smaller footprint relative to the standard rotary method, ease of unit mobility, less operating personnel, faster rate of penetration, and faster rig up and rig down times. The steel coiled tubing technology has traditionally been used in the petroleum industry. While there have been several attempts to evaluate the performance of coiled tubes in the oil and gas industry, limited or no attempts have been made to assess its performance in deep hard rock mineral exploration drilling. Therefore, DET CRC is in the process of re-designing the coiled tube rig approach to enable fast and efficient drilling of deep micro-holes in hard rocks. Cyclic bending of the coiled tubing past the yield strength point of the material leads to progressive weakening of the tube, which accordingly leads to rapid reduction of the tube service life [1]. Hence fatigue is an important parameter that needs to be considered in material selection for coiled tube and rig design. A bending machine was designed and manufactured to evaluate the fatigue bending strength of conventional HSLA steel tubes. The machine is capable of measuring and recording the bending/flattening resistant forces of the tubes along with the number of bend/flatten events. It can also measure the strain applied on the tube if needed. In this study, several HSLA steel grades and thicknesses of coiled tubes were tested for fatigue bending strength. Fatigued and non-fatigued tubes had their mechanical property alteration tested using tensile test methods. This paper presents the fatigue bending machine. The machine is designed to test most material types of coiled tubes. The paper also reports results of the cyclic bending experiments that were performed on selected grades and sizes of conventional HSLA steel coiled tubes. The paper complements and enhances the understanding of the performance of conventional coiled tube material under fatigue bending conditions.
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Saldanha, Faber A., V. Venkateswara Rao, J. Christopher, and Raviraja Adhikari. "Investigations on Concepts for Modularizing a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12069.
Abstract:
The proposed investigation aims at evaluating concepts for modularizing horizontal axis wind turbine blades and also evaluate for their load carrying capability. This work begins with evaluation of a non-modularized blade to serve as a reference and for comparison with modularized blade. Static bending test is simulated as per IEC61400-23 standard. This work started with evaluating various modularization concepts for joining after identifying suitable location based on trade-off studies. These concepts are evaluated through a concept selection process involving various performance parameters as criteria. This work being exploratory in nature resulted in an evaluation procedure required for modularizing wind turbine blade.
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Salazar, Julio Alberto Boix, Dirk F. de Lange, and Hugo I. Medellín Castillo. "Elastoplastic Analysis of the Erichsen Cupping Test Using Comsol Multiphysics FEM Code." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39018.
Abstract:
One of the standard procedures to test the formability of sheet material is the Erichsen cupping test, in which the metal sheet blank is held in its place over a circular space and depressed by a semi-spherical punch. The depth of depression that can be reached is the measure of the formability. In this work the elastoplastic deformation of the sheet is analyzed by multipurpose Finite Element Method software Comsol Multiphysics. The Comsol package is not specifically developed or focused on the analysis of solid mechanical problems with elastoplastic model behavior and contact problems, and still limited literature is available in which sheet forming processes are analyzed with Comsol. In this work, the development and testing of a simulation model in Comsol is reported and comparison is made with results reported with other FEM software. The development and testing is realized in successive steps of increasing complexity. First a uniaxial stretching is simulated in order to evaluate the implementation of the elastoplastic material behavior. Next, the bending of a plate over a straight line is analyzed, adding the contact boundary condition between tool and sheet surface into the model. Finally, the axisymmetric model of the Erichsen cupping test is implemented. It is found that the default Von Mises yield function results in incorrect stresses, and needs to be replaced by a yield function in which the Von Mises stress is calculated based on the Cauchy tensor. The non-linear contact condition is a source of oscillations in the local stresses near the zone where contact is established. The simulation results obtained with the final model are compared with punch forces, stresses and strains obtained in literature, showing an adequate comparison.
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Ladpli, Purim, Raphael Nardari, Raunaq Rewari, Hongjian Liu, Michael Slater, Keith Kepler, Yinan Wang, Fotis Kopsaftopoulos, and Fu-Kuo Chang. "Multifunctional Energy Storage Composites: Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59416.
Abstract:
We propose the concept of Multifunctional-Energy-Storage Composites (MES Composites) which highlights a unique integration technique for embedding lithium-ion battery materials in structural carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymers (CFRP). Unlike standard lithium-ion pouch cells, the MES Composites maximizes material utilization by using CFRP facesheets to house the electrochemistry. Through-thickness polymer reinforcements are implemented to allow load transfer between the two facesheets, analogous to the sandwich structure construction. In this work, the design rationale, materials and fabrication techniques, experimental evaluation, and performance of the first-generation MES Composites will be presented. MES Composite cells with a nominal capacity of approximately 4 Ah, with various reinforcements-array configurations, were fabricated and first tested through a series of electrochemical reference performance tests (RPT) under a strain-free condition. The MES Composite cells then underwent a mechanical-electrical-coupling test, where a quasi-static three-point-bending load was applied at increasing increments. Mechanical testing was interrupted after each increment to perform a sequential RPT to quantify any non-catastrophic degradation in the electrochemical performance. The obtained results verify the feasibility of the concept showing that the electrochemical performance of the MES Composites can be maintained at the same level as the regular lithium-ion battery. The reinforcement architecture of the MES Composite constrains the relative motion of the battery electrodes and increases the bending rigidity, resulting in a higher load carrying capacity and inhibiting non-fatal injury of the cell under mechanical loads. This multifunctional material system can also be scaled up and ultimately provide considerable weight and volume saving at the system level.
Reports on the topic "Non-Standard bending test":
1
Chauhan, Vinod. L52307 Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipe Under Secondary Biaxial Loading. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010175.
Abstract:
Corrosion metal-loss is one of the major damage mechanisms to transmission pipelines worldwide. Several methods have been developed for assessment of corrosion defects, such as ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC. These methods were derived based on experimental tests and theoretical/numerical studies of the failure behavior of corroded pipelines subjected only to internal pressure loading. In the vast majority of cases, internal pressure loading will be the main loading mechanism on the pipeline. However, there may be instances when pipelines could also be subjected to significant loading from the environment. For onshore pipelines, these additional loads could be as a result of ground movement due to landslides, mining subsidence, or even seismic activity. In the case of offshore pipelines the formation of free spans may impose significant bending loads. For instance, seabed scour can lead to the development and growth of free spans of pipelines resting on the seabed, particularly if they are not trenched. Whilst, the guidance detailed in standard assessment methods will be sufficient in the majority of cases, it may be inappropriate or non-conservative to use it in cases when the pipeline may also be subjected to significant external loading. As a result, this work focus on : The remaining strength of corroded pipelines subject to internal pressure and external loading cannot be explicitly assessed using the ASME B31G, RSTRENG and LPC assessment methods. However, these assessment methods have been validated using pipe with real corrosion and simulated (machined) defects welded to dome ends to form a pressure vessel and subsequently failed under internal pressure loading. Consequently, existing methods include some inherent biaxial loading and the remaining strength of corroded pipelines can be assessed with a limited amount of external loading. Ground movement due to landslides can impose significant external loading to transmission pipelines. Stresses in pipelines due to landslides can be greater than the stresses due to internal pressure loading. Methods developed by the nuclear industry for assessing corroded pipework are given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 and based on ASME B31G when the axial extent of wall thinning is limited. For more extensive corrosion, the assessment methods are based on branch reinforcement and local membrane stress limits. Strictly the methods given in ASME Code Case N-597-2 are only applicable to the assessment of piping systems designed to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III. Failure loci of pipelines with isolated corrosion defects and subjected to combined loads have been derived for common pipeline geometries and materials. The failure loci have been validated using tests performed on 457.2mm (18-inch) and 1219.2mm (48-inch) diameter pipe under combined bending/pressure loading. These failure loci can be used to assess the limit of acceptability of existing assessment methods such as ASME B31G and RSTRENG under combined loading conditions.