Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-saturated traffic

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-saturated traffic'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-saturated traffic"

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Bacco, Manlio, Pietro Cassara, Marco Colucci, and Alberto Gotta. "Modeling Reliable M2M/IoT Traffic Over Random Access Satellite Links in Non-Saturated Conditions." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, no. 5 (May 2018): 1042–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2832799.

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Li, Jun, Yifeng Zhou, Louise Lamont, Mylène Toulgoat, and Camille A. Rabbath. "Packet Delay in UAV Wireless Networks Under Non-saturated Traffic and Channel Fading Conditions." Wireless Personal Communications 72, no. 2 (February 26, 2013): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1057-4.

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Sarkar, Subhadeep, Sudip Misra, Bitan Bandyopadhyay, Chandan Chakraborty, and Mahammad S. Obaidat. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 MAC Protocol under Non-Ideal Channel Conditions and Saturated Traffic Regime." IEEE Transactions on Computers 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 2912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2015.2389806.

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Hadiuzzaman, M., and M. Mizanur Rahman. "Capacity Analysis for Fixed-Time Signalized Intersection for Non-Lane Based Traffic Condition." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 904–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.904.

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Capacity analysis of signalized intersections basically consists of estimating saturation flow and delay. Pre-timed signals are most commonly used in developing countries. This research deals with development of saturation flow and delay models for pre-timed signalized intersections with reference to non-lane based traffic condition prevailing in Bangladesh. In order to account non-uniformity in the static and dynamic characteristics of the vehicles passenger car unit (PCU) values for each vehicle is found out using synchronous regression technique and a range of site-specific PCU values were obtained. From this study, it has been observed that unified PCU concept does not hold good for non-lane based traffic condition and it has been recommended that the analysis should be site specific for non-lane based traffic condition. The saturation flow for each study approach was calculated using the average PCU values and multiple linear regression techniques were then used to derive predictive saturation flow models. Field delay for each approach is calculated based on HCM 2000 guidelines. It has been observed that HCM 2000 delay model consistently over estimate delay at degree of saturation more than 1.0. It has been suggested from the analysis that theoretical incremental delay (due to random arrival and over saturated queues) in HCM 2000 delay model be reduced by 70 % to better reflect field conditions in capacity analysis for non lane based traffic condition.
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Lee, Gyu-min, Byeong-hee Roh, Jimyeong Oh, Sungjin Kang, and Do-kyung Kim. "Estimation of the Number of Contending Secondary Users in Distributed Cognitive Radio Environment with Non-Saturated Traffic Patterns." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 44, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2019.44.3.490.

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Nguyen, VanDung, Tran Anh Khoa, Thant Zin Oo, Nguyen H. Tran, Choong Seon Hong, and Eui-Nam Huh. "Time Slot Utilization for Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol in VANETs." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093028.

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In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), many schemes for a multi-channel media access control (MAC) protocol have been proposed to adapt to dynamically changing vehicle traffic conditions and deliver both safety and non-safety packets. One such scheme is to employ both time-division multiple access (TDMA) and carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) schemes (called a hybrid TDMA/CSMA scheme) in the control channel (CCH) interval. The scheme can adjust the length of the TDMA period depending on traffic conditions. In this paper, we propose a modified packet transmitted in the TDMA period to reduce transmission overhead under a hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol. Simulation results show that a MAC protocol with a modified packet supports an efficient packet delivery ratio of control packets in the CCH. In addition, we analyze the hybrid TDMA/CSMA multi-channel MAC protocol with the modified packet under saturated throughput conditions on the service channels (SCHs). The analysis results show that the number of neighbors has little effect on the establishment of the number of time slots in TDMA periods and on SCHs under saturated throughput conditions.
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Tsakyridis, Apostolos, Miltiadis Moralis-Pegios, Christos Vagionas, Eugenio Ruggeri, George Kalfas, Amalia Miliou, and Nikos Pleros. "A Deeply Saturated Differentially-Biased SOA-MZI for 20 Gb/s Burst-Mode NRZ Traffic." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 2971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9152971.

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We experimentally demonstrate an optical Burst-Mode Wavelength Converter (BMWC) that simultaneously provides power equalization and wavelength conversion of Non-Return to Zero-On/Off Keying (NRZ-OOK) data and operates up to 20 Gb/s. It employs a balanced, differentially-biased, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Mach Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) operating in deeply saturated regime and its performance is evaluated at 10 Gb/s and 20 Gb/s with loud/soft peak–power ratios up to 9 dB and 5 dB, respectively. Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements reveal error free operation with up to 6.1 dB BER improvement at 10 Gb/s and 3.51 dB at 20 Gb/s, while the use of a single SOA-MZI yields 50% reduction in the number of active components against state-of-the-art BMWCs. Finally, the proposed BMWC is evaluated in non-dispersion compensated 25 km fiber transmission experiment, providing error-free operation with 1.43 dB BER improvement, validating its capabilities for potential employment in Passive Optical Networks (PON) and 5G fronthaul networks.
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Setyowati, Rustiana, and Siti Maria Ulfa. "Hubungan Beban Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Stres Kerja Pada Polisi Satlantas Polres Bantul." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Yayasan RS.Dr. Soetomo 6, no. 2 (November 10, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.29241/jmk.v6i2.338.

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In Indonesia cases of stress due to workload in the work environment of the police have occurred in several areas and have had quite serious impacts. The Research was conducted at the traffic police Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2019. This Research is a quantitative non experimental research with correlational descriptive. Data analysis techniques using multiple linier regression analysis. Respondents as many as 50 police Bantul Police Traffic Unit, the sample uses a saturated sample.The Study aims to determine the relationship of workload and work environment to work stress of Bantul Police Traffic Unit. The results of the study stated that the traffic police unit that has a light workload of 3 people (6%) moderate 39 people (78%) and weighs 8 people(16%) while the traffic unit police who have a light work environment are 6 people (12%) moderate work environment as many as 31 people (62%) and high work environment as many as 13 people (26%). While the traffic police who have low work stress are 6 people (12%) moderate are 34 people (68%) and heavy are 10 people (20%). Data Analysis using multiple linier regression with a coefficient of deternination. 1,907 and F calculated 49,41 and F table 3,23. The results of the study concluded that there was a relationship between workload and worke nvironment on the work stress of the traffic police at Bantul Region Police Station in Yogyakarta Keywords : Load, environment, Stress, Traffic Police unit
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Lee, Kyu-haeng. "Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.11ax MAC Protocol for Heterogeneous Wi-Fi Networks in Non-Saturated Conditions." Sensors 19, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071540.

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The IEEE 802.11ax standard, which realizes multi-user transmission based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), has been highlighted as a key technology to meet high future demand for Wi-Fi systems. Since this standard is still being developed, performance analysis through mathematical modeling is of paramount importance; however, existing studies have several limitations. Firstly, most of these consider only the saturation network throughput, whereas for 802.11ax in particular, the access delay of the nodes needs to be studied carefully, since they no longer acquire the medium independently but depend solely on the access point’s (AP’s) schedule. Secondly, since the network performance may be affected to a greater extent by legacy nodes than by 802.11ax nodes, it is desirable to consider various heterogeneous cases of networks with existing legacy nodes. In this paper, a new analytical framework for the 802.11ax MAC protocol is provided. Markov-chain-based models are developed to represent the behavior of the 802.11ax nodes, and both non-saturated traffic conditions and co-existence with the legacy nodes are considered. Through both analysis and MATLAB simulations, it is shown that the proposed model accurately evaluates the throughput and the delay performance under various network conditions.
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Grigoropoulos, Georgios, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Andreas Keler, Heather Kaths, Matthias Spangler, Fritz Busch, and Klaus Bogenberger. "Traffic Simulation Analysis of Bicycle Highways in Urban Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031016.

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The ongoing increase of bicycle traffic in urban areas forces transport authorities to reconsider the space allocation for different transport modes. Transport policies favor the introduction of high-quality bicycle infrastructure along urban corridors to improve the traffic quality and safety for bicyclists but more importantly to increase the attractiveness of bicycling and over vehicular modes. Especially in urban areas with an already established high and steadily increasing share of bicyclists, the introduction of bicycle highways is considered to further alleviate saturated interurban public transport and motor vehicle connections and increase the average traveled distance by non-motorized modes. Due to the expensive implementation costs and the space restrictions in already built-up urban environments, there should be an extensive planning phase for defining the expected changes in traffic efficiency and safety. However, the effects of urban bicycle highways on traffic performance metrics of bicyclists as well as other road users are not thoroughly studied. This paper aims to quantify and assess the potential effects of urban bicycle highway on road users. The study considers a possible inner-city pilot route in the city of Munich, where the present bicycle infrastructure is planned to be upgraded to a bicycle highway. A simulation model is designed using traffic data from field observations and future estimates for the traffic composition. Through microscopic traffic simulation, the potential effects of the introduced infrastructure on road users are determined for different study scenarios. Results show that traffic quality thresholds for bicycle highways, as defined in official guidelines, can only be fulfilled through the implementation of special bicycle traffic control measures such as bicycle coordination or bicycle passage time extension. Finally, unidirectional bicycle highways together with bicycle passage time extension provided the best overall traffic performance for bicycle traffic and motor vehicle traffic.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-saturated traffic"

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Dao, Trong Nghia Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Modelling 802.11 networks for multimedia applications." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41222.

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This thesis is concerned with the development of new mathematical models for the IEEE 802.11??s access mechanisms, with a particular focus on DCF and EDCA. Accurate mathematical models for the DCF and EDCA access mechanisms provide many benefits, such as improved performance analysis, easier network capacity planning, and robust network design. A feature that permeates the work presented in this thesis is the application of our new models to network environments where both saturated and non-saturated traffic sources are present. The scenario in which multiple traffic sources are present is more technically challenging, but provides for a more realistic setting. Our first contribution is the development of a new Markov model for non-saturated DCF in order to predict the network throughput. This model takes into account several details of the protocol that have been hitherto neglected. In addition, we apply a novel treatment of the packet service time within our model. We show how the inclusion of these effects provides more accurate predictions of network throughput than earlier works. Our second contribution is the development of a new analytical model for EDCA, again in order to predict network throughput. Our new EDCA model is based on a replacement of the normal AIFS parameter of EDCA with a new parameter more closely associated with DCF. This novel procedure allows EDCA to be viewed as a modified multi-mode version of DCF. Our third contribution is the simultaneous application of our new Markov models to both the non-saturated and the saturated regime. Hitherto, network throughput predictions for these regimes have required completely separate mathematical models. The convergence property of our model in the two regimes provides a new method to estimate the network capacity of the network. Our fourth contribution relates to predictions for the multimedia capacity of 802.11 networks. Our multimedia capacity analysis, which is based on modifications to our Markov model, is new in that it can be applied to a broad range of quality of service requirements. Finally, we highlight the use of our analysis in the context of emerging location-enabled networks.
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Lai, Yu-Chen, and 賴禹辰. "Performance Evaluation of Wireless Body Area Networks with Non-Preemptive Finite Queue and Non-Saturated Traffic." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54551625238029749638.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
105
Nowadays our society is suffering from serious lacking of medical personnel. Furthermore, in the medical field different data packets may have different QoS requirements, e.g., the body temperature packets may be transmitted at regular time intervals, whereas the heart beat packets need to be sent at once. The wireless body area network (WBAN) is proposed by IEEE 802.15.6 to provide not only appropriate QoS to different data packets, but also a data rate up to 10Mbps. With WBAN, we can enforce not only real-time monitoring of postoperative recovery, but also telemonitoring of chronic disease. In this way, people can receive treatment in time and more efficiently. Unlike most studies on WBAN assuming that the packet arrival process is saturated, i.e., there is always a packet ready for transmission, we consider the non-saturated traffic cases. Specifically, it is assumed that the packet arrival process is Poisson. Furthermore, in practical systems, a queue is needed to accommodate any newly arrived packet finding the system is busy transmitting a packet; otherwise the packet will be lost. More importantly, when the system load becomes more heavy, the waiting time in queue will be bigger than the service time in MAC layer. In our study, we consider a WBAN with more than one node in the star topology, where each node is equipped with a finite queue to accommodate packets of two priority types until they are transmitted or dropped. We focus on how to improve the waiting time of high-priority packets. The non-preemptive priority queueing discipline is adopted. We consider two scenarios: symmetric and non-symmetric. In the symmetric scenarios, the payload sizes of the packets of different priority types are the same, whereas in the non-symmetric scenarios the payload size of the high-priority packets is smaller than that of the low-priority packets. The analytical models of the considered systems are derived and the associated balance equations are solved with an iterative algorithm. We study the effect of various system parameters on the performance measures of interest, e.g., the high priority arrival rate, the low priority arrival rate, the system size, the payload size, and the superframe size. The performance measures of interest are blocking probability, throughput, average number of packets in system, average number of packets in queue, average waiting time in system and average waiting time in queue. Last but not least, the computer simulation is utilized to verify the accuracy of the analytical model.
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Huang, Wei-Che, and 黃偉哲. "Performance Evaluation of the Vehicular Communication System with Non-saturated Traffic and Finite Queue." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dj3jaa.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
106
With the progress of mobile communication technology, the demand for the communication among vehicles and between vehicle and roadside has grown rapidly. Therefore, it is expected that there will be a variety of data transmitted via various devices on the vehicles at the same time, e.g., voice, video, text, multimedia, etc. Different data may have different quality of service requirements. Specifically, safety signals are delay-critical, interactive voice and video are delay-sensitive but loss-insensitive, and web surfing is delay-insensitive. Unlike most studies on IEEE 802.11p assuming saturated traffic, we consider the performance modeling of the vehicular communication system with more than one node and non-saturated traffic, where there are Poisson packet arrivals of four priorities at each node. We focus on two non-saturated cases: case 1 and case 2, where in the first case it is assumed that there is at most a packet ready to send in each AC queue and the queueing delay in each AC queue is ignored, whereas in the second case it is assumed that there is a finite queue in each AC queue and the queueing delay in each AC queue is taken into account. First, we used a 2-D Markov chain to describe the backoff procedure of an AC queue and find the relationship between the transmission probability and collision probability of an AC queue. Then, we used a 1-D Markov chain to model the contention period under the non-saturated traffic. Second, we considered the impact of various system parameters on the performance measures of interest for both cases. The system parameters include the packet arrival rates, the number of vehicles, and the system size. In addition, the performance model should take both external collisions and internal collisions into account. The performance measures of interest are transmission probability, collision probability, blocking probability, successful transmission probability, expected state time, normalized throughput, average access delay, and the average queueing delay. Third, the performance with the homogeneous traffic is compared with that with the heterogeneous traffic. Fourth, the performance of case 2 with the queueing delay is compared with the performance of cases 1 without queueing delay. The analytical results are in good agreement with the simulation results in most cases studied.
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Haung, Chia-Lung, and 黃佳榮. "Service Differentiation of IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Networks with Non-Saturated Traffic and Finite Queue." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gd69pu.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
100
In recent years, IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN networks have been popular due to their advantages in low cost and power consumption. The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC adapts the slotted carrier-sense multiple-access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) in the contention access period, which is different from the classical CSMA/CA used in IEEE 802.11 WLAN. The first difference is that a WPAN device can transmit only after multiple consecutive sensing of an idle channel, instead of one idle channel sensing. The second difference is that when the channel is busy, the backoff process of a WPAN device still process, instead of being frozen. Therefore, the modeling of IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN is different from that of IEEE 802.11 WLAN. We consider the modeling and the service differentiation of a beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN, where two classes of devices coexist. Class-1 devices are given priority over class-2 devices. We differentiate different classes of devices by assigning a lower backoff exponent or retry limit to class-1 devices than class-2 devices. To be closer to the real-life situation, we consider the non-saturated traffic, instead of the saturated traffic ,where there is always a packet in the queue ready to transmit. Specifically, each device has a finite queue and the packet arrivals at each device follow a Poisson process. We use a 2-dimensional Markov Chain model to describe the backoff process of the considered device. Furthermore, we use M/M/c/K model to approximate the device queue behavior. We study the effect of the number of devices on the performance measures. We also study the effect of the packet arrival rate in the performance measures. The performance measures of interest are the throughput, the packet loss probability, the queueing delay, and the buffer overflow probability. Last but not least, the analytical results are validated via simulation program written in C.
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-saturated traffic"

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Kim, Tae Ok, Jin Soo Park, Kyung Jae Kim, and Bong Dae Choi. "Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Non-beacon Mode with Both Uplink and Downlink Traffic in Non-saturated Condition." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 357–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03819-8_34.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-saturated traffic"

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Wu, X., S. Wang, Y. Xu, and M. Wu. "Traffic-Aware CQI Feedback in Multi-Carrier Systems with Non-Saturated Downlink Data." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2008.922.

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Kim, Yongjae, Eunhye Park, Yujae Song, and Youngnam Han. "Energy-efficient sensing mechanism for licensed-assisted access under non-saturated traffic condition." In 2017 23rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/apcc.2017.8304015.

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Dubey, Mayank. "Smart signals in heterogeneous traffic conditions." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nsde5701.

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Major urban corridors in Indian cities are carrying significantly high traffic leading to near saturated conditions for extended peak hours. As mixed landuse and major trip attracting/generating establishments are generally observed to be located along such corridors for better accessibility, significant side friction is also observed along these corridors. Among various measures to improve the throughput along such corridors, signalized intersections seem to be the most preferred intervention for intersection control. Although frequent occurrence of such traffic signals and non-coordinated signal phases have in turn made the whole situation more complex. To overcome this challenge, variations of smart signals are being proposed by technology and traffic enterprises globally. Generally, smart interventions in operation of signalised intersections require communication among vehicles and control system through various sensors and applications of Intelligent transport services (ITS). Smart signal operations require the sensors grouted in pavement or attached with camera to share the relevant data in real time basis with central command and control centre. With adaptive signal operations, it is attempted to schedule signal phases in such a way that green phase of every cycle generally experiences near saturated flow conditions. The smart cities mission (SCM) of India, covering around 100 cities also focuses upon improving the urban mobility through various measures including smart signals. Some of the popular proposals relating to smart operation of signalised intersection across shortlisted smart cities include adaptive and coordinated traffic signals. It is understood that traffic signal optimization is not a one-time action but rather a continuous process, as data archiving, data crunching, research and adaptations are indispensable for its success. As the geometry, location and setting of each intersection in every network is bound to be unique, the optimization process needs to consider the same. The literature and case study of Indian city Bhubaneswar (ranked first in nationwide smart city challenge) revealed that challenges specific to Indian driving conditions are major cause of worry for yielding stated benefits of smart signals. Factors like varying hierarchy and functions along major arterial corridors, fluctuating carriageway width and quality, considerable side friction within right of way, heterogeneity in vehicular mix, significant variation in peak hour directional flows leading to tidal flow, surrounding network characteristics and efficacy of optimisation techniques are responsible for limited rewards out of the whole process. The study reflects upon these challenges and concludes with recommendations to improve the performance of signalized intersections along corridors with heterogeneous traffic conditions.
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