Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Overlapping View'
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Tribou, Michael J., Adam Harmat, David W. L. Wang, Inna Sharf, and Steven L. Waslander. "Multi-camera parallel tracking and mapping with non-overlapping fields of view." International Journal of Robotics Research 34, no. 12 (April 23, 2015): 1480–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364915571429.
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Li, Zaijuan, and Volker Willert. "Subtleties of extrinsic calibration of cameras with non-overlapping fields of view." tm - Technisches Messen 86, no. 7-8 (July 26, 2019): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2019-0030.
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AbstractThe calibration of the relative pose between rigidly connected cameras with non-overlapping fields of view (FOV) is a prerequisite for many applications. In this paper, the subtleties of the experimental realization of such calibration optimization methods like in (Z. Liu, et al., Measurement Science and Technology, 2011, Z. Li, V. Willert, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2018) are presented. Two strategies that could be adapted to certain optimization processes to find better local minima are evaluated. The first strategy is a careful measurement acquisition of pose pairs for solving the calibration problem, which improves the accuracy of the initial value for the following non-linear refinement. The second strategy is the introduction of a quality measure for the image data used for the calibration, which is based on the projection size of the known planar calibration patterns on the image. We show that introducing an additional weighting to the optimization objective chosen as a function of that quality measure improves calibration accuracy and increases robustness against noise. The above strategies are integrated into different setups and their improvement is demonstrated both in simulation and real-world experiment.
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Tribou, Michael J., David W. L. Wang, and Steven L. Waslander. "Degenerate motions in multicamera cluster SLAM with non-overlapping fields of view." Image and Vision Computing 50 (June 2016): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2016.01.005.
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Tribou, Michael J., Steven L. Waslander, and David W. L. Wang. "Scale recovery in multicamera cluster SLAM with non-overlapping fields of view." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 126 (September 2014): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2014.06.001.
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Raposo, Carolina, João Pedro Barreto, and Urbano Nunes. "Extrinsic calibration of multi-modal sensor arrangements with non-overlapping field-of-view." Machine Vision and Applications 28, no. 1-2 (November 11, 2016): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00138-016-0815-1.
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Liu, Zhen, Xinguo Wei, and Guangjun Zhang. "External parameter calibration of widely distributed vision sensors with non-overlapping fields of view." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 51, no. 6 (June 2013): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2012.11.009.
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Kalake, Lesole, Wanggen Wan, and Yanqiu Dong. "Applying Ternion Stream DCNN for Real-Time Vehicle Re-Identification and Tracking across Multiple Non-Overlapping Cameras." Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 9274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239274.
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The increase in security threats and a huge demand for smart transportation applications for vehicle identification and tracking with multiple non-overlapping cameras have gained a lot of attention. Moreover, extracting meaningful and semantic vehicle information has become an adventurous task, with frameworks deployed on different domains to scan features independently. Furthermore, approach identification and tracking processes have largely relied on one or two vehicle characteristics. They have managed to achieve a high detection quality rate and accuracy using Inception ResNet and pre-trained models but have had limitations on handling moving vehicle classes and were not suitable for real-time tracking. Additionally, the complexity and diverse characteristics of vehicles made the algorithms impossible to efficiently distinguish and match vehicle tracklets across non-overlapping cameras. Therefore, to disambiguate these features, we propose to implement a Ternion stream deep convolutional neural network (TSDCNN) over non-overlapping cameras and combine all key vehicle features such as shape, license plate number, and optical character recognition (OCR). Then jointly investigate the strategic analysis of visual vehicle information to find and identify vehicles in multiple non-overlapping views of algorithms. As a result, the proposed algorithm improved the recognition quality rate and recorded a remarkable overall performance, outperforming the current online state-of-the-art paradigm by 0.28% and 1.70%, respectively, on vehicle rear view (VRV) and Veri776 datasets.
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Gao, Rui, Changyun Miao, and Xianguo Li. "Adaptive Multi-View Image Mosaic Method for Conveyor Belt Surface Fault Online Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062564.
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In order to improve the accuracy and real-time of image mosaic, realize the multi-view conveyor belt surface fault online detection, and solve the problem of longitudinal tear of conveyor belt, we in this paper propose an adaptive multi-view image mosaic (AMIM) method based on the combination of grayscale and feature. Firstly, the overlapping region of two adjacent images is preliminarily estimated by establishing the overlapping region estimation model, and then the grayscale-based method is used to register the overlapping region. Secondly, the image of interest (IOI) detection algorithm is used to divide the IOI and the non-IOI. Thirdly, only for the IOI, the feature-based partition and block registration method is used to register the images more accurately, the overlapping region is adaptively segmented, the speeded up robust features (SURF) algorithm is used to extract the feature points, and the random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is used to achieve accurate registration. Finally, the improved weighted smoothing algorithm is used to fuse the two adjacent images. The experimental results showed that the registration rate reached 97.67%, and the average time of stitching was less than 500 ms. This method is accurate and fast, and is suitable for conveyor belt surface fault online detection.
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Wei, Zhenzhong, Wei Zou, Guangjun Zhang, and Kai Zhao. "Extrinsic parameters calibration of multi-camera with non-overlapping fields of view using laser scanning." Optics Express 27, no. 12 (May 31, 2019): 16719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.016719.
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Al-Qattan, M. M. "Embryology of familial (non-syndromic) brachydactyly of the hand." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 39, no. 9 (December 3, 2013): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413514363.
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Isolated familial non-syndromic brachydactyly is interesting from the embryological point of view because the phenotypes of isolated brachydactyly are frequently overlapping, yet they are caused by different gene mutations and the ring finger is frequently relatively preserved. We review the embryology of isolated familial brachydactyly with special attention to these two features.
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Yin, Lei, Xiangjun Wang, Yubo Ni, Kai Zhou, and Jilong Zhang. "Extrinsic Parameters Calibration Method of Cameras with Non-Overlapping Fields of View in Airborne Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081298.
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Multi-camera systems are widely used in the fields of airborne remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicle imaging. The measurement precision of these systems depends on the accuracy of the extrinsic parameters. Therefore, it is important to accurately calibrate the extrinsic parameters between the onboard cameras. Unlike conventional multi-camera calibration methods with a common field of view (FOV), multi-camera calibration without overlapping FOVs has certain difficulties. In this paper, we propose a calibration method for a multi-camera system without common FOVs, which is used on aero photogrammetry. First, the extrinsic parameters of any two cameras in a multi-camera system is calibrated, and the extrinsic matrix is optimized by the re-projection error. Then, the extrinsic parameters of each camera are unified to the system reference coordinate system by using the global optimization method. A simulation experiment and a physical verification experiment are designed for the theoretical arithmetic. The experimental results show that this method is operable. The rotation error angle of the camera’s extrinsic parameters is less than 0.001rad and the translation error is less than 0.08 mm.
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Fawad, Muhammad Jamil Khan, and MuhibUr Rahman. "Person Re-Identification by Discriminative Local Features of Overlapping Stripes." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040647.
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The human visual system can recognize a person based on his physical appearance, even if extreme spatio-temporal variations exist. However, the surveillance system deployed so far fails to re-identify the individual when it travels through the non-overlapping camera’s field-of-view. Person re-identification (Re-ID) is the task of associating individuals across disjoint camera views. In this paper, we propose a robust feature extraction model named Discriminative Local Features of Overlapping Stripes (DLFOS) that can associate corresponding actual individuals in the disjoint visual surveillance system. The proposed DLFOS model accumulates the discriminative features from the local patch of each overlapping strip of the pedestrian appearance. The concatenation of histogram of oriented gradients, Gaussian of color, and the magnitude operator of CJLBP bring robustness in the final feature vector. The experimental results show that our proposed feature extraction model achieves rank@1 matching rate of 47.18% on VIPeR, 64.4% on CAVIAR4REID, and 62.68% on Market1501, outperforming the recently reported models from the literature and validating the advantage of the proposed model.
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Xia, Renbo, Maobang Hu, Jibin Zhao, Songlin Chen, and Yueling Chen. "Global calibration of multi-cameras with non-overlapping fields of view based on photogrammetry and reconfigurable target." Measurement Science and Technology 29, no. 6 (April 17, 2018): 065005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aab028.
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RODRIGUES, Viviane, and Maria Amélia ALMEIDA. "Implementação do Pecs Associado ao Point-Of-View Video Modeling na Educação Infantil para Crianças com Autismo." Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial 26, no. 3 (July 2020): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-54702020v26e0092.
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RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos do Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) associado ao Point-of-view Video Modeling (POVM) nas habilidades comunicativas de três crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e Necessidades Complexas de Comunicação. Empregou-se o delineamento experimental de múltiplas sondagens combinado ao delineamento de tratamentos alternados, sendo o PECS associado ao POVM a variável independente e as habilidades de comunicação a variável dependente. Os dados foram analisados considerando aspectos como: a porcentagem de non-overlapping, a porcentagem de respostas corretas quanto ao desempenho dos participantes e os dados da escala Likert quanto à validade social. Os resultados mostraram que a partir do início da intervenção, os níveis e as tendências de seus dados mudaram, todos os participantes obtiveram o critério, atingindo o non-overlapping de 100%. Em todas as fases do PECS associado ao POVM, os participantes obtiveram porcentagem média acima de 90%. O estudo foi considerado pelos responsáveis, pelas estagiárias e pelas professoras como socialmente válido. Conclui-se que os participantes com TEA indicaram uma mudança após a intervenção, ao comparar a condição de linha de base com a intervenção e follow-up, demonstrando uma possibilidade em Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa para as crianças com TEA.
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Xiang, Tianzhu, Gui-Song Xia, and Liangpei Zhang. "IMAGE STITCHING WITH PERSPECTIVE-PRESERVING WARPING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-3-287-2016.
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Image stitching algorithms often adopt the global transform, such as homography, and work well for planar scenes or parallax free camera motions. However, these conditions are easily violated in practice. With casual camera motions, variable taken views, large depth change, or complex structures, it is a challenging task for stitching these images. The global transform model often provides dreadful stitching results, such as misalignments or projective distortions, especially perspective distortion. To this end, we suggest a perspective-preserving warping for image stitching, which spatially combines local projective transforms and similarity transform. By weighted combination scheme, our approach gradually extrapolates the local projective transforms of the overlapping regions into the non-overlapping regions, and thus the final warping can smoothly change from projective to similarity. The proposed method can provide satisfactory alignment accuracy as well as reduce the projective distortions and maintain the multi-perspective view. Experimental analysis on a variety of challenging images confirms the efficiency of the approach.
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Xiang, Tianzhu, Gui-Song Xia, and Liangpei Zhang. "IMAGE STITCHING WITH PERSPECTIVE-PRESERVING WARPING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-3 (June 3, 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-3-287-2016.
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Image stitching algorithms often adopt the global transform, such as homography, and work well for planar scenes or parallax free camera motions. However, these conditions are easily violated in practice. With casual camera motions, variable taken views, large depth change, or complex structures, it is a challenging task for stitching these images. The global transform model often provides dreadful stitching results, such as misalignments or projective distortions, especially perspective distortion. To this end, we suggest a perspective-preserving warping for image stitching, which spatially combines local projective transforms and similarity transform. By weighted combination scheme, our approach gradually extrapolates the local projective transforms of the overlapping regions into the non-overlapping regions, and thus the final warping can smoothly change from projective to similarity. The proposed method can provide satisfactory alignment accuracy as well as reduce the projective distortions and maintain the multi-perspective view. Experimental analysis on a variety of challenging images confirms the efficiency of the approach.
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Róka, András, Ádám Csapó, Barna Reskó, and Péter Baranyi. "Edge Detection Model Based on Involuntary Tremors and Drifts of the Eye." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 6 (July 20, 2007): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0648.
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Recent results in retinal research have shown that ganglion cell receptive fields cover the mammalian retina in a mosaic arrangement, with insignificant amounts of overlap in the central fovea. This means that the biological relevance of traditional and widely adapted edge-detection algorithms with convolution-based overlapping operator architectures has been disproved. However, using traditional filters with non-overlapping operator architectures leads to considerable losses in contour information. This paper introduces a novel, tremor- and drift-based edge-detection algorithm that reconciles these differences between the physiology of the retina and the overlapping architectures used by today’s widely adapted algorithms. The algorithm takes into consideration data convergence, as well as the dynamic properties of the retina, by incorporating a model of involuntary eye tremors and drifts and the impulse responses of ganglion cells. Based on the evaluation of the model, two hypotheses are formulated on the highly debated role of involuntary eye tremors: 1) The role of involuntary eye movements has information theoretical implications 2) From an information processing point of view, the functional role of involuntary eye movements extends to more than just the maintenance of action potentials. Involuntary eye-movements may be responsible for the compensation of information losses caused by a non-overlapping receptive field architecture.
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Zakria, Jianhua Deng, Yang Hao, Muhammad Saddam Khokhar, Rajesh Kumar, Jingye Cai, Jay Kumar, and Muhammad Umar Aftab. "Trends in Vehicle Re-Identification Past, Present, and Future: A Comprehensive Review." Mathematics 9, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9243162.
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Vehicle Re-identification (re-id) over surveillance camera network with non-overlapping field of view is an exciting and challenging task in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Due to its versatile applicability in metropolitan cities, it gained significant attention. Vehicle re-id matches targeted vehicle over non-overlapping views in multiple camera network. However, it becomes more difficult due to inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, viewpoint changes, and spatio-temporal uncertainty. In order to draw a detailed picture of vehicle re-id research, this paper gives a comprehensive description of the various vehicle re-id technologies, applicability, datasets, and a brief comparison of different methodologies. Our paper specifically focuses on vision-based vehicle re-id approaches, including vehicle appearance, license plate, and spatio-temporal characteristics. In addition, we explore the main challenges as well as a variety of applications in different domains. Lastly, a detailed comparison of current state-of-the-art methods performances over VeRi-776 and VehicleID datasets is summarized with future directions. We aim to facilitate future research by reviewing the work being done on vehicle re-id till to date.
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Zhu, Zhenmin, Ying Qi Zheng, Wei Li, Jing Zhang, Yan Zhao, and Zi Wei Wu. "Global calibration method for non-overlapping cameras based on rigidly connected stereo targets." Applied Optics 61, no. 24 (August 11, 2022): 6985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.466354.
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In complex field of view (FOV) environments, a single camera’s FOV measurement range is limited and cannot cover the entire object under test for global calibration. Multiple cameras are used mostly for large FOV environment measurements, but the traditional one- and two-dimensional targets used for global calibration in large FOV environments are prone to overlapping FOV. Furthermore, other large-sized targets are difficult to produce and process, and the laser projection method and plane mirror calibration methods are easily affected by the outdoor environment. To solve this problem, a non-common FOV binocular calibration method based on rigidly connected stereo targets is proposed. The calibration process is as follows: First, the rigidly connected target, which is composed of two plane targets with a checkerboard, is placed in front of the two cameras, and the vision sensor captures the corresponding sub-target image; then, the target is moved multiple times, and the transformation relationship between multiple vision sensors is obtained according to the spatial constraint characteristics of the rigidly connected target. Hence, the method overcomes the limitation of the non-overlapping FOV calibration method that relies on large measuring instruments. The experimental results show that the RMS error of the 13 mm distance is 0.16 mm. The proposed method is effective, simpler to operate than other methods, and does not rely on the constraint of complex targets. More importantly, this measurement method solves the difficult problem of measurement in non-public FOV, meeting the requirements of large FOV measurement ranges.
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Hanel, A., and U. Stilla. "STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION FOR CALIBRATION OF A VEHICLE CAMERA SYSTEM WITH NON-OVERLAPPING FIELDS-OF-VIEW IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-181-2017.
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Vehicle environment cameras observing traffic participants in the area around a car and interior cameras observing the car driver are important data sources for driver intention recognition algorithms. To combine information from both camera groups, a camera system calibration can be performed. Typically, there is no overlapping field-of-view between environment and interior cameras. Often no marked reference points are available in environments, which are a large enough to cover a car for the system calibration. In this contribution, a calibration method for a vehicle camera system with non-overlapping camera groups in an urban environment is described. A-priori images of an urban calibration environment taken with an external camera are processed with the structure-frommotion method to obtain an environment point cloud. Images of the vehicle interior, taken also with an external camera, are processed to obtain an interior point cloud. Both point clouds are tied to each other with images of both image sets showing the same real-world objects. The point clouds are transformed into a self-defined vehicle coordinate system describing the vehicle movement. On demand, videos can be recorded with the vehicle cameras in a calibration drive. Poses of vehicle environment cameras and interior cameras are estimated separately using ground control points from the respective point cloud. All poses of a vehicle camera estimated for different video frames are optimized in a bundle adjustment. In an experiment, a point cloud is created from images of an underground car park, as well as a point cloud of the interior of a Volkswagen test car is created. Videos of two environment and one interior cameras are recorded. Results show, that the vehicle camera poses are estimated successfully especially when the car is not moving. Position standard deviations in the centimeter range can be achieved for all vehicle cameras. Relative distances between the vehicle cameras deviate between one and ten centimeters from tachymeter reference measurements.
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Vanni, S. "A Neuromagnetic View of the Human Visual Brain." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970022.
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A visual stimulus typically activates several cortical areas, both sequentially and overlapping in time. Characterisation of this temporal activation sequence has significantly improved with the recent development of whole-scalp neuromagnetometers. The magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals mainly arise from time-locked cortical activity. Although the spatial localisation of several simultaneously active areas is ambiguous because of the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem, the comparison of estimated source regions across observers and utilisation of previous functional knowledge can usually resolve this ambiguity. Visual object naming, for example, generates cortical activation progressing bilaterally from occipital to temporal and frontal lobes. Simultaneously, the parieto-occipital alpha rhythm dampens as a function of task demands. Similarly, this rhythm is at a lower level after objects than non-objects in an object-detection task, which suggests that the parieto-occipital area is active when attending to visual form. In addition, this area generates evoked responses after voluntary blinks, saccades, and luminance increments, which in turn suggests that it participates in the updating of visual percepts. The sources of extrastriate MEG signals are generally in good agreement with the location of activation found with other imaging methods: visual motion activates the V5 in the ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus, faces the ventral temporo-occipital cortex, and objects the lateral occipital (LO) regions. Interestingly, the strength of the right LO activity closely follows the proportion of correctly detected objects. The future neuromagnetic studies will focus not only on functional localisation of the active areas, but also on how the brain processes various stimuli.
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Peng, Yubo, Bofeng Zhang, and Furong Chang. "Overlapping Community Detection of Bipartite Networks Based on a Novel Community Density." Future Internet 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13040089.
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Community detection plays an essential role in understanding network topology and mining underlying information. A bipartite network is a complex network with more important authenticity and applicability than a one-mode network in the real world. There are many communities in the network that present natural overlapping structures in the real world. However, most of the research focuses on detecting non-overlapping community structures in the bipartite network, and the resolution of the existing evaluation function for the community structure’s merits are limited. So, we propose a novel function for community detection and evaluation of the bipartite network, called community density D. And based on community density, a bipartite network community detection algorithm DSNE (Density Sub-community Node-pair Extraction) is proposed, which is effective for overlapping community detection from a micro point of view. The experiments based on artificially-generated networks and real-world networks show that the DSNE algorithm is superior to some existing excellent algorithms; in comparison, the community density (D) is better than the bipartite network’s modularity.
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Reskó, Barna, Ákos Antal, and Péter Baranyi. "Cognitive Informatics Model for Non-Overlapped Image Filtering Based on the Optical Aberrations of the Eye." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0003.
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Recent results in retinal research have shown that ganglion cell receptive fields cover the mammalian retina in a mosaic arrangement, with insignificant amounts of overlap in the central fovea. This finding implies that from the informatics point of view there is a major conceptual gap between traditional and widely accepted, convolution based image filtering algorithms, and the way visual information is processed by the retina in the eye. The use of traditional filters with non-overlapping operator architectures leads to considerable information losses between centers of filter kernels. This paper introduces a novel model of the eye-retina system that fills the conceptual gap of information processing between the retina and the overlapping (convolution based) architectures used by today's widely adapted algorithms. The proposed computational model takes into consideration data convergence, as well as the dynamic and optical properties of the eye lens. Based on the evaluation of the model, three hypotheses are formulated on the role of the optical precision of the eye-lens and involuntary eye accommodation dynamics.
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Jing, Wang, Wang Leqi, Han Yanling, Zhang Yun, and Zhou Ruyan. "On Combining DeepSnake and Global Saliency for Detection of Orchard Apples." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 6269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146269.
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For the fast detection and recognition of apple fruit targets, based on the real-time DeepSnake deep learning instance segmentation model, this paper provided an algorithm basis for the practical application and promotion of apple picking robots. Since the initial detection results have an important impact on the subsequent edge prediction, this paper proposed an automatic detection method for apple fruit targets in natural environments based on saliency detection and traditional color difference methods. Combined with the original image, the histogram backprojection algorithm was used to further optimize the salient image results. A dynamic adaptive overlapping target separation algorithm was proposed to locate the single target fruit and further to determine the initial contour for DeepSnake, in view of the possible overlapping fruit regions in the saliency map. Finally, the target fruit was labeled based on the segmentation results of the examples. In the experiment, 300 training datasets were used to train the DeepSnake model, and the self-built dataset containing 1036 pictures of apples in various situations under natural environment was tested. The detection accuracy of target fruits under non-overlapping shaded fruits, overlapping fruits, shaded branches and leaves, and poor illumination conditions were 99.12%, 94.78%, 90.71%, and 94.46% respectively. The comprehensive detection accuracy was 95.66%, and the average processing time was 0.42 s in 1036 test images, which showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively separate the overlapping fruits through a not-very-large training samples and realize the rapid and accurate detection of apple targets.
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Rouissi, Noura, and Vincent Correia. "Global, Regional and National Air Passenger." Air and Space Law 40, Issue 2 (April 1, 2015): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2015011.
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This article examines the proliferation of specific consumer legislation in air travel and its consequences; in particular regarding assistance and compensation in cases of denied boarding, flight delay and cancellation. Drawing on international, European Union (Regulation (EC) No 261/2004), and national law sources, this article presents some specific aspects of airline consumer protection regimes across the world. Developments in this area have given rise to issues and challenges, including the overlapping of legal and geographical scopes of different passenger protection instruments. In view of these developments, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is getting more involved, and has been mandated to establish a set of high level, non-binding, non-prescriptive core principles on consumer protection in aviation.
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Sezer, A., T. Ergin, N. Cesur, S. J. Tanaka, S. Kisaka, Y. Ohira, and R. Yamazaki. "Suzaku and Fermi view of the supernova remnant 3C 396." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 1484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3571.
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ABSTRACT 3C 396 is a composite supernova remnant (SNR), consisting of a central pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and a bright shell in the west, which is known to be interacting with molecular clouds (MCs). We present a study of X-ray emission from the shell and the PWN of the SNR 3C 396 using archival Suzaku data. The spectrum of the SNR shell is clearly thermal, without a signature of a non-thermal component. The abundances of Al and Ca from the shell are slightly enhanced, which indicates the presence of metal-enriched supernova ejecta. The PWN spectra are well described by a power-law model with a photon index of ∼1.97 and a thermal component with an electron temperature of ∼0.93 keV. The analysis of about 11 yr of Fermi data revealed an 18σ detection of gamma-ray emission from the location overlapping with the position of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531. The spectrum of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531 is best fitted with a log-parabola function with parameters of α = 2.66 and β = 0.16 in the energy range of 0.2–300 GeV. The luminosity of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531 was found to be >1035 erg s−1 at 6.2 kpc, which rules out the inverse Compton emission model. Possible scenarios of gamma-ray emission are hadronic emission and bremsstrahlung processes, due to the fact that the SNR is expanding into dense MCs in the western and northern regions of the SNR.
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LÓPEZ-GÓMEZ, JULIÁN, MARCELA MOLINA-MEYER, and ANDREA TELLINI. "Intricate dynamics caused by facilitation in competitive environments within polluted habitat patches." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25, no. 2 (January 7, 2014): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792513000429.
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This paper analyses a canonical class of one-dimensional superlinear indefinite boundary value problems of great interest in population dynamics under non-homogeneous boundary conditions; the main bifurcation parameter in our analysis is the amplitude of the superlinear term. Essentially, it continues the analysis of López-Gómezet al. (López-Gómez, J., Tellini, A. & Zanolin, F. (2014) High multiplicity and complexity of the bifurcation diagrams of large solutions for a class of superlinear indefinite problems.Comm. Pure Appl. Anal.13(1), 1–73) with empty overlapping, by computing the bifurcation diagrams of positive steady states of the model and by proving analytically a number of significant features, which have been observed from the numerical experiments carried out here. The numerics of this paper, besides being very challenging from the mathematical point of view, are imperative from the point of view of population dynamics, in order to ascertain the dimensions of the unstable manifolds of the multiple equilibria of the problem, which measure their degree of instability. From that point of view, our results establish that under facilitative effects in competitive media, the harsher the environmental conditions, the richer the dynamics of the species, in the sense discussed in Section 1.
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Sica, Antonello, Paola Vitiello, Stefano Caccavale, Caterina Sagnelli, Armando Calogero, Concetta Anna Dodaro, Francesco Pastore, et al. "Primary cutaneous DLBCL non-GCB type: challenges of a rare case." Open Medicine 15, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2020-0018.
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AbstractSeveral types of B-cell lymphomas, including both primary cutaneous lymphomas and systemic lymphomas, may affect the skin, with partially overlapping clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas does not include diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and considers leg-type DLBCL the only primary cutaneous DLBCL. Here we report the case of a 72-year-old white woman with a primary cutaneous neoplasm comprised of large cells with round nuclei, irregularly clumped chromatin and one or more inconspicuous nucleoli. The immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for CD20 and MUM1, with no significant genetic translocations detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. After staging, we considered this neoplasm a primary cutaneous DLBCL with a non-germinal center phenotype, not otherwise specified, inconsistent with a leg-type DLBCL. Because of this view, we underscore the need for greater knowledge of the molecular landscape of B-cell lymphomas in order to reconsider the classification of such neoplasms in the skin.
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De Giorgi, Giacomo, Anders Frederiksen, and Luigi Pistaferri. "Consumption Network Effects." Review of Economic Studies 87, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 130–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdz026.
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Abstract In this article we study consumption network effects. Does the consumption of our peers affect our own consumption? How large is such effect? What are the economic mechanisms behind it? We use administrative panel data on Danish households to construct a measure of consumption based on tax records on income and assets. We combine tax record data with matched employer–employee data to identify peer groups based on workplace, which gives us a much tighter and credible definition of networks than used in previous literature. We use the non-overlapping network structure of one’s peers group, as well as firm-level shocks, to build valid instruments for peer consumption. We estimate non-negligible and statistically significant network effects, capable of generating sizable multiplier effect at the macro-level. We also investigate what mechanisms generate such effects, distinguishing between intertemporal and intratemporal consumption effects as well as a more traditional risk sharing view.
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Fortezza, Fulvio, Alessandro Pagano, and Roberta Bocconcelli. "Serial crowdfunding in start-up development: a business network view." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 36, no. 13 (October 29, 2021): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2020-0243.
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Purpose Even though the crowdfunding (CF) literature is rapidly reaching its maturity phase, the topic of serial CF (i.e. the participation in more than one CF campaign) is as much promising as still largely under explored. This study thus aims to offer a thorough view of the dynamic and complex processes characterizing the participation of the start-ups to more than one campaign adopting a business network perspective. Design/methodology/approach In line with an explorative research aim, a multiple case study analysis is performed by taking into consideration four start-ups engaged in more than one CF campaigns with different combinations of equity and non-equity CF, adopting the actor–resource–activity (ARA) model as theoretical framework. Findings Multiple CF campaigns are embedded in the overall changing startup’s network and are affected by the concurrent and overlapping startup’s development processes. From this standpoint, the adoption of the ARA model suggests to reconsider the “serial” dimension of multiple CF campaigns. These processes can be more or less “linear” as they could be affected by the combination of CF schemes and by the degree of alignment of actors, activities and resources, whose “assembly” can be facilitated by learning processes and impaired by unexpected circumstances. Originality/value This paper explores in depth the startup’s serial CF journey, building on recent studies calling for stronger analyses of the directions and outcomes of innovative funding trajectories pursued and implemented by new business ventures. From this standpoint, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to consider a complete spectrum of combinations between CF schemes within serial CF, thus allowing for a better understanding of the role of such a factor within a dynamic and contextual view, that is, that offered by the business network perspective. This paper also contributes to the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing research on start-ups.
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Balakrishnan, Ramji, Ella Mae Matsumura, and Sridhar Ramamoorti. "Finding Common Ground: COSO's Control Frameworks and the Levers of Control." Journal of Management Accounting Research 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2017): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51891.
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ABSTRACT We examine the extent to which the 2013 COSO Internal Control—Integrated Framework (ICIF) succeeds in the goal to expand its application beyond a compliance framework. We do so by mapping the points of focus in the 2013 ICIF to the principles articulated in the Levers of Control (LOC) framework advocated by Simons (1995). The analysis shows how the revision achieves partial success. This identification of areas in which the frameworks overlap promotes an integrated view of organizational control and aids assessment of the efficacy of a firm's control over its strategic and operational processes. We also examine the extent to which the 2016 COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Exposure Draft captures non-overlapping areas between the 2013 ICIF and the LOC, and highlight implications for future work in this evolving area.
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Bonetto, Silvia, Gabriella Gruden, Guglielmo Beccuti, Arianna Ferro, Giorgio Maria Saracco, and Rinaldo Pellicano. "Management of Dyspepsia and Gastroparesis in Patients with Diabetes. A Clinical Point of View in the Year 2021." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061313.
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Diabetes mellitus is a widespread disease, and represents an important public health burden worldwide. Together with cardiovascular, renal and neurological complications, many patients with diabetes present with gastrointestinal symptoms, which configure the so-called diabetic enteropathy. In this review, we will focus on upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetes, with particular attention to dyspepsia and diabetic gastroparesis (DG). These two clinical entities share similar pathogenetic mechanisms, which include autonomic neuropathy, alterations in enteric nervous system and histological abnormalities, such as interstitial cells of Cajal depletion. Moreover, the differential diagnosis may be challenging because of overlapping clinical features. Delayed gastric emptying should be documented to differentiate between DG and dyspepsia and it can be assessed through radioactive or non-radioactive methods. The clinical management of dyspepsia includes a wide range of different approaches, above all Helicobacter pylori test and treat. As regards DG treatment, a central role is played by dietary modification and glucose control and the first-line pharmacological therapy is represented by the use of prokinetics. A minority of patients with DG refractory to medical treatment may require more invasive therapeutic approaches, including supplemental nutrition, gastric electric stimulation, pyloromyotomy and gastrectomy.
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Gayley, Kenneth G., and Stanley P. Owocki. "The non-isotropic diffusion approximation in Wolf-Rayet winds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 163 (1995): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900201848.
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We derive the dynamics of a steady-state Wolf-Rayet wind using a non-isotropic diffusion approximation applied to the transfer between strongly overlapping spectral lines. Following the approach of Friend and Castor (1983), the line list is assumed to approximate a statistically parametrized Poisson distribution in frequency, so that photon transport is controlled by an angle-dependent, effectively gray opacity. We find that multiple radiative momentum deposition is greatest when photons undergo a nearly local diffusion, e.g. through scattering between many lines closely spaced in frequency. Our results reiterate the view that the so-called “momentum problem” of WR winds is better characterized as an “opacity problem” of simply identifying enough driving lines. One way of increasing the number of thick lines in WR winds is to transfer opacity from saturated to unsaturated lines, yielding a steeper opacity distribution than that found in OB winds. We also consider the growth of instabilities, and find that WR winds are up to an order of magnitude less unstable than OB winds if both are driven radiatively. However, initially small perturbations can still be multiplied by many orders of magnitude as they advect through WR winds.
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Kosolobov, Dmitry, and Daniel Valenzuela. "Lempel-Ziv Parsing for Sequences of Blocks." Algorithms 14, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14120359.
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The Lempel-Ziv parsing (LZ77) is a widely popular construction lying at the heart of many compression algorithms. These algorithms usually treat the data as a sequence of bytes, i.e., blocks of fixed length 8. Another common option is to view the data as a sequence of bits. We investigate the following natural question: what is the relationship between the LZ77 parsings of the same data interpreted as a sequence of fixed-length blocks and as a sequence of bits (or other “elementary” letters)? In this paper, we prove that, for any integer b>1, the number z of phrases in the LZ77 parsing of a string of length n and the number zb of phrases in the LZ77 parsing of the same string in which blocks of length b are interpreted as separate letters (e.g., b=8 in case of bytes) are related as zb=O(bzlognz). The bound holds for both “overlapping” and “non-overlapping” versions of LZ77. Further, we establish a tight bound zb=O(bz) for the special case when each phrase in the LZ77 parsing of the string has a “phrase-aligned” earlier occurrence (an occurrence equal to the concatenation of consecutive phrases). The latter is an important particular case of parsing produced, for instance, by grammar-based compression methods.
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Wu, Chia-Ming, Xuan-Ying Chen, Chih-Yu Wen, and William A. Sethares. "Cooperative Networked PIR Detection System for Indoor Human Localization." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186180.
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Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors are low-cost, low-power, and highly reliable sensors that have been widely used in smart environments. Indoor localization systems can be categorized as wearable and non-wearable systems, where the latter are also known as device-free localization systems. Since the binary PIR sensor detects only the presence of a human motion in its field of view (FOV) without any other information about the actual location, utilizing the information of overlapping FOV of multiple sensors can be useful for localization. In this study, a PIR detector and sensing signal processing algorithms were designed based on the characteristics of the PIR sensor. We applied the designed PIR detector as a sensor node to create a non-wearable cooperative indoor human localization system. To improve the system performance, signal processing algorithms and refinement schemes (i.e., the Kalman filter, a Transferable Belief Model, and a TBM-based hybrid approach (TBM + Kalman filter)) were applied and compared. Experimental results indicated system stability and improved positioning accuracy, thus providing an indoor cooperative localization framework for PIR sensor networks.
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Qian, Yuquan, Timo Itzel, Matthias Ebert, and Andreas Teufel. "Deep View of HCC Gene Expression Signatures and Their Comparison with Other Cancers." Cancers 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2022): 4322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174322.
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Background: Gene expression signatures correlate genetic alterations with specific clinical features, providing the potential for clinical usage. A plethora of HCC-dependent gene signatures have been developed in the last two decades. However, none of them has made its way into clinical practice. Thus, we investigated the specificity of public gene signatures to HCC by establishing a comparative transcriptomic analysis, as this may be essential for clinical applications. Methods: We collected 10 public HCC gene signatures and evaluated them by utilizing four different (commercial and non-commercial) gene expression profile comparison tools: Oncomine Premium, SigCom LINCS, ProfileChaser (modified version), and GENEVA, which can assign similar pre-analyzed profiles of patients with tumors or cancer cell lines to our gene signatures of interests. Among the query results of each tool, different cancer entities were screened. In addition, seven breast and colorectal cancer gene signatures were included in order to further challenge tumor specificity of gene expression signatures. Results: Although the specificity of the evaluated HCC gene signatures varied considerably, none of the gene signatures showed strict specificity to HCC. All gene signatures exhibited potential significant specificity to other cancers, particularly for colorectal and breast cancer. Since signature specificity proved challenging, we furthermore investigated common core genes and overlapping enriched pathways among all gene signatures, which, however, showed no or only very little overlap, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that specificity, independent validation, and clinical use of HCC genetic signatures solely relying on gene expression remains challenging. Furthermore, our work made clear that standards in signature generation and statistical methods but potentially also in tissue preparation are urgently needed.
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Diederich, R. J., A. M. Pattatucci, and T. C. Kaufman. "Developmental and evolutionary implications of labial, Deformed and engrailed expression in the Drosophila head." Development 113, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.113.1.273.
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Prior developmental genetic analyses have shown that labial (lab) and Deformed (Dfd) are homeotic genes that function in the development of the embryonic (larval) and adult head. Using antibody probes to reveal the spatial distribution of the lab and Dfd proteins in embryonic and imaginal tissues, we have assessed the respective roles of these genes through an analysis of the correspondence of their expression patterns with their mutant phenotypes. With regard to imaginal development, lab and Dfd occupy adjacent non-overlapping expression domains in the peripodial cell layer of the eye-antennal disc, in patterns that are consistent with their adult mutant phenotypes and published fate maps. During embryogenesis, lab and Dfd exhibit limited overlapping expression in areas that are of no obvious significance to the development of larval head structures, but also in areas that may have consequences for imaginal development. The head of Drosophila and other cyclorrhaphous Dipterans is characterized by an extreme morphological difference between the larval and adult stages. Given this unique ontogenetic and phylogenetic history and the observation that homeotic transformations produced by the lab, Dfd, and proboscipedia (pb) loci are manifested only in the adult, we suggest that distinct regulatory paradigms evolved for homeotic gene function in the development of the larval versus adult head. Finally, a detailed examination of the engrailed (en) expression pattern in the embryonic head strengthens the view of insect morphologists that the clypeolabrum evolved from the fusion of paired labral appendages.
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Commine, Quentin. "Understanding Theoretical Aspects of Outsourcing: Common Features and Discrepancies Between Transaction Costs Economics and Contractual Incompleteness." Contemporary Applied Business Research in Light of Standard Academic Literature 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51137/ijarbm.2022.3.1.1.
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Outsourcing is a phenomenon regularly explored through two theories: transaction cost economics and incomplete contract theory. The second approach is frequently seen as an extension of the first but is it right to do so? Could the theory of incomplete contracts be regarded as a "2.0" transaction cost economics? This article addresses this question through the main theoretical axes of renowned researchers, notably by being awarded a Nobel Prize. While transaction costs, particularly theorized by Coase and Williamson, focus on an organizational perspective centered on governance, contractual incompleteness focuses on non-human assets and the mechanical aspects of contracts. We confront these two theories to show the points and counterpoints that can be overlapping but also deeply diverging. This article therefore provides a succinct point of view that allows the reader to quickly gain a perspective on the study of two theories at the foundation of the study of an ancient and pervasive phenomenon.
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Sheng, Li. "Hong Kong and Shanghai: a tale of two cities in China." Tempo Social 30, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2018.134683.
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This research discusses Hong Kong’s long-run role as a preeminent international finance centre in the greater China with a view of Shanghai’s rapid growth. Using a synthesis approach of politics and economics, rather than pure economic analysis and forecasting, it is argued Shanghai is not likely to overtake/replace Hong Kong as an international finance hub in the region. Hong Kong will still keep its position in many years to come even if Shanghai has made enormous efforts to rebuild its financial industry. Due to their diverging industry structure, sheer size of the country, and most importantly different positioning by the central and local governments, the two cities are not necessarily rivals, but can actually be complementary partners, serving two non-overlapping hinterlands. This research also asserts that Hong Kong’s integration with the mainland economy is essential for its increasing competitiveness, while putting emphasis on policy reform for Hong Kong to maintain a strategic advantage over Shanghai.
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Woodcock, C. L. "Practical electron tomography." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 742–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100140087.
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Despite the potential of the technique, electron tomography has yet to be widely used by biologists. This is in part related to the rather daunting list of equipment and expertise that are required. Thanks to continuing advances in theory and instrumentation, tomography is now more feasible for the non-specialist. One barrier that has essentially disappeared is the expense of computational resources. In view of this progress, it is time to give more attention to practical issues that need to be considered when embarking on a tomographic project. The following recommendations and comments are derived from experience gained during two long-term collaborative projects.Tomographic reconstruction results in a three dimensional description of an individual EM specimen, most commonly a section, and is therefore applicable to problems in which ultrastructural details within the thickness of the specimen are obscured in single micrographs. Information that can be recovered using tomography includes the 3D shape of particles, and the arrangement and dispostion of overlapping fibrous and membranous structures.
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Kronenfeld, David B. "Flexibility and change in distributed cognitive systems." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10, no. 2 (December 7, 2012): 315–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.10.2.04kro.
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An overview of one anthropological view of culture, including how it works and what it buys us, takes culture as a set of collective — differentially distributed — cognitive structures. Pragmatics is distinguished from semantics, and shown to seamlessly extend to non-linguistic knowledge. “Culture” is (flexibly and variably applied) shared differentially distributed pragmatic knowledge. Next come the role culture plays in regard to society and social living, and the role social groups play in culture. Our social universe is shown to be made up of a multiplicity of overlapping social groups. Prototype-extension is offered as the basis of the application of shared concepts to the experienced and imagined world. Types of cultural knowledge systems include: cultural modes of thought, cultural conceptual systems, and cultural models of action. The paper concludes with the approach’s practical implications for analysis, including two concrete examples: Old and Middle English watercourses, and alternative Fanti kinship terminological systems.
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Padilla-Rodríguez, Ivón. "“Los Hijos Son La Riqueza Del Pobre:” Mexican Child Migration and the Making of Domestic (Im)migrant Exclusion, 1937–1960." Journal of American Ethnic History 42, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 43–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.1.02.
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Abstract This article expands upon adult-centric migration histories by analyzing the international and domestic migration of Mexican youth to and within the United States, mainly in the post–World War II period. It uncovers an overlapping set of far-reaching legal regimes composed of federal child labor regulations, state residence requirements, compulsory school attendance and border enforcement policies that jeopardized the welfare of all border-crossing Mexican youth, making even US–born children of immigrants subject to a domestic form of migrant exclusion. Through an examination of geographically disparate and neglected archival records, this article makes the case that an expansive view of national (im)migrant exclusion can account for overlooked injuries to child welfare and unique mechanisms of expulsion. Beyond deportation, exclusion in mid-twentieth-century America relied upon domestic forms of removal to exclude citizen and non-citizen migrant youth from public schools and relegate them to isolated sites of agricultural labor exploitation and incarceration.
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Sadeghi, Negin, Sarah Smyth, Stephen Damato, and Hooman Soleymani majd. "Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour and investigation of genetic susceptibility." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 11 (November 2022): e250460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-250460.
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A patient in her 60s was referred to be investigated for an incidental large uterus with a history of renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Uterine biopsy revealed features of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) and she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Final histology confirmed PEComa with malignant features. Genomic studies did not reveal any deleterious germline variants; however, in view of her history, she is now under a 6-month follow-up with gynaecology-oncology. PEComas are rare tumours associated with tuberous sclerosis and melanoma, sharing genetic abnormalities. Gynaecological PEComas usually present with no or non-specific symptoms. Preoperative investigations are often misleading. Final histology and immunohistochemistry have overlapping features with smooth muscle tumours. Although rare, PEComas need to be treated aggressively to minimise the potential risk of spread. There is currently little evidence about further adjuvant treatment and no clear follow-up protocol. However, the literature suggests that the prognosis is generally good.
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Boulekchour, Mohammed, Nabil Aouf, and Mark Richardson. "Robust L∞ convex optimisation for UAVs cooperative motion estimation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 11 (November 13, 2016): 2006–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016675889.
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In this paper, a system for real-time cooperative monocular visual motion estimation with multiple unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. Distributing the system across a network of vehicles allows for efficient processing in terms of both computational time and estimation accuracy. The resulting global cooperative motion estimation employs state-of-the-art approaches for optimisation, individual motion estimation and registration. Three-view geometry algorithms are developed within a convex optimisation framework on-board the monocular vision systems of each vehicle. In the presented novel distributed cooperative strategy a visual loop-closure module is deployed to detect any simultaneously overlapping fields of view of two or more of the vehicles. A positive feedback from the latter module triggers the collaborative motion estimation algorithm between any vehicles involved in this loop-closure. This scenario creates a flexible stereo set-up which jointly optimises the motion estimates of all vehicles in the cooperative scheme. Prior to that, vehicle-to-vehicle relative pose estimates are recovered with a novel robust registration solution in a global optimisation framework. Furthermore, as a complementary solution, a robust non-linear H∞filter is designed to fuse measurements from the vehicles’ on-board inertial sensors with the visual estimates. The proposed cooperative navigation solution has been validated on real-world data, using two unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with monocular vision systems.
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Zhang, Moran, Shengyong Xu, Yuan Huang, Zhilong Bie, Michitaka Notaguchi, Jingyi Zhou, Xin Wan, Yuchen Wang, and Wanjing Dong. "Non-Destructive Measurement of the Pumpkin Rootstock Root Phenotype Using AZURE KINECT." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091144.
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Rootstock grafting is an important method to improve the yield and quality of seedlings. Pumpkin is the rootstock of watermelon, melon, and cucumber, and the root phenotype of rootstock is an important reference for breeding. At present, the root phenotype is mainly measured by scanners, with which it is difficult to achieve non-destructive and in situ measurements. In this work, we propose a method for non-destructive measurement of the root phenotype on the surface layer of the root ball of pumpkin rootstock plug seedlings and an accurate estimation of the surface area, length, and volume of total root using an AZURE KINECT sensor. Firstly, the KINECT is used to capture four-view color and depth images of the root surface, and then multi-view images are spliced to obtain a complete image of the root surface. After preprocessing of the images, we extract the roots from the root ball. For root phenotype measurements, the surface areas of the surface roots and root ball are calculated, followed by calculating root encapsulation. Next, the non-overlapping roots in the surface root image are extracted, and the ratio of the surface area to the skeleton length is used as the average diameter of total root. Based on the high correlation between the surface area of surface root and the surface area of total root, a linear fitting model is established to estimate the surface area, length, and volume of total root. The experiment ultimately showed that the measurement error for the average diameter of total root is less than 30 μm, and consistency with the scanner is higher than 93.3%. The accuracy of the surface area of total root estimation was found to be more than 88.1%, and the accuracy of the root length of total root estimation was observed to be greater than 87.2%. The method proposed in this paper offers similar accuracy to a scanner, which meets the needs of non-destructive root phenotype research. This method is expected to replace root scanners for high-throughput phenotypic measurements and provides a new avenue for root phenotype measurements of pumpkin rootstocks. This technology will provide key basic data for evaluating the root growth of pumpkin rootstocks.
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Wallgrün, Jan Oliver, Jinlong Yang, and Alexander Klippel. "Cognitive Evaluation of Spatial Formalisms." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 8, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2014010101.
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The authors present four human behavioral experiments to address the question of intuitive granularities in fundamental spatial relations as they can be found in formal spatial calculi. These calculi focus on invariant characteristics under certain (especially topological) transformations. Of particular interest to this article is the concept of two spatially extended entities overlapping each other. The overlap concept has been extensively treated in Galton's mode of overlap calculus (Galton, 1998). In the first two experiments, the authors used a category construction task to calibrate this calculus against behavioral data and found that participants adopted a very coarse view on the concept of overlap and distinguished only between three general relations: proper part, overlap, and non-overlap. In the following two experiments, the authors changed the instructions to explicitly address the possibility that humans could be swayed to adopt a more detailed level of granularity, that is, the authors encouraged them to create as many meaningful groups as possible. The results show that the three relations identified in the first two experiments (overlap, non-overlap, and proper part) are very robust and a natural level of granularity across all four experiments. However, the results also reveal that contextual factors gain more influence at finer levels of granularity.
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Baumgarten, Nina, Dennis Hecker, Sivarajan Karunanithi, Florian Schmidt, Markus List, and Marcel H. Schulz. "EpiRegio: analysis and retrieval of regulatory elements linked to genes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (May 27, 2020): W193—W199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa382.
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Abstract A current challenge in genomics is to interpret non-coding regions and their role in transcriptional regulation of possibly distant target genes. Genome-wide association studies show that a large part of genomic variants are found in those non-coding regions, but their mechanisms of gene regulation are often unknown. An additional challenge is to reliably identify the target genes of the regulatory regions, which is an essential step in understanding their impact on gene expression. Here we present the EpiRegio web server, a resource of regulatory elements (REMs). REMs are genomic regions that exhibit variations in their chromatin accessibility profile associated with changes in expression of their target genes. EpiRegio incorporates both epigenomic and gene expression data for various human primary cell types and tissues, providing an integrated view of REMs in the genome. Our web server allows the analysis of genes and their associated REMs, including the REM’s activity and its estimated cell type-specific contribution to its target gene’s expression. Further, it is possible to explore genomic regions for their regulatory potential, investigate overlapping REMs and by that the dissection of regions of large epigenomic complexity. EpiRegio allows programmatic access through a REST API and is freely available at https://epiregio.de/.
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Hamid, Nafees, Clara Pretus, Scott Atran, Molly J. Crockett, Jeremy Ginges, Hammad Sheikh, Adolf Tobeña, et al. "Neuroimaging ‘will to fight’ for sacred values: an empirical case study with supporters of an Al Qaeda associate." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 6 (June 2019): 181585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181585.
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Violent intergroup conflicts are often motivated by commitments to abstract ideals such as god or nation, so-called ‘sacred’ values that are insensitive to material trade-offs. There is scant knowledge of how the brain processes costly sacrifices for such cherished causes. We studied willingness to fight and die for sacred values using fMRI in Barcelona, Spain, among supporters of a radical Islamist group. We measured brain activity in radicalized individuals as they indicated their willingness to fight and die for sacred and non-sacred values, and as they reacted to peers' ratings for the same values. We observed diminished activity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), inferior frontal gyrus, and parietal cortex while conveying willingness to fight and die for sacred relative to non-sacred values—regions that have previously been implicated in calculating costs and consequences. An overlapping region of the dlPFC was active when viewing conflicting ratings of sacred values from peers, to the extent participants were sensitive to peer influence, suggesting that it is possible to induce flexibility in the way people defend sacred values. Our results cohere with a view that ‘devoted actors’ motivated by an extreme commitment towards sacred values rely on distinctive neurocognitve processes that can be identified.
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Langacker,, Ronald W. "Elliptic coordination." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 3 (August 28, 2012): 555–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0017.
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AbstractProposals are made to expand and refine previous analyses of coordination in Cognitive Grammar. The account presupposes a number of general notions established independently: (i) flexible symbolic assemblies (rather than constituency) as the basis for describing grammar; (ii) a dynamic view of structure (as patterns of activity occurring in windows of attention on different time scales); (iii) a metaphor involving access, activation, and conceptual overlap (to complement the standard compositional metaphor); and (iv) various kinds of abstraction (including schematicity, the type/instance distinction, and the invocation of virtual entities). Coordination is characterized as the mental juxtaposition of entities conceived as being analogous. These notions are first employed to describe the conjoining of constituents, including clauses. Non-constituent coordination is analyzed in the context of other sorts of clausal “reduction”, including the accentual reduction of unfocused elements in English as well as ellipsis, where overlapping content is left unexpressed. A pivotal descriptive notion is the differential, i.e. the content appearing in one clausal window that does not appear in the prior window. The anti-differential consists of any previously active content that the differential conflicts with and suppresses. Non-constituent coordination is a special case of ellipsis where the differential and anti-differential function as conjuncts.
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Yan, W. Y., and A. Shaker. "CORRECTION OF OVERLAPPING MULTISPECTRAL LIDAR INTENSITY DATA: POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION OF RANGE AND ANGLE EFFECTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W1 (July 25, 2017): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w1-177-2017.
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Recent development of radiometric calibration, correction and normalization approaches have facilitated the use of monochromatic LiDAR intensity and waveform data for land surface analysis and classification. Despite the recent successful attempts, the majority of existing approaches are mainly tailor made for monochromatic LiDAR toward specific land surface scenario. In view of the latest development of multispectral LiDAR sensor, such as the Optech Titan manufactured by Teledyne Optech, a more generic approach should be developed so that the radiometric correction model is able to handle and compensate the laser energy loss with respect to different wavelengths. In this study, we propose a semi-physical approach that aims to utilize high order polynomial functions to model the distortion effects due to the range and the angle. To estimate the parameters of the respect polynomial functions for the range and angle, our approach first locates a pair of closest points within the overlapping LiDAR data strips and subsequently uses a non-linear least squares adjustment to retrieve the polynomial parameters based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The approach was tested on a multispectral airborne LiDAR dataset collected by the Optech Titan for the Petawawa Research Forest located in Ontario, Canada. The experimental results demonstrated that the coefficient of variation of the intensity of channel 1 (1550 nm), channel 2 (1064 nm) and channel 3 (532 nm) were reduced by 0.1 % to 39 %, 10 % to 45 % and 12 % to 54 %, respectively. The striping noises, no matter found within single strip and overlapping strips, were significantly reduced after implementing the proposed radiometric correction.