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1
BAZZI, MARISA SCHMIDT. "BREAKUP DYNAMICS OF NON-NEWTONIAN THIN LIQUID SHEETS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34574@1.
Abstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
BOLSA NOTA 10
Filmes finos de líquidos estão presentes em uma gama de aplicações industriais, como processos de atomização e revestimento de substrato. O processo de quebra pode ser divido em duas etapas: o estágio de ruptura, e o estágio de retração. O primeiro, movido pelas forças de van der Waals, ocorre quando uma pequena perturbação cresce e provoca o aparecimento de um pequeno furo no filme. O segundo, movido por forças capilares, provoca o crescimento desse furo levando à desintegração do filme de líquido. A estabilidade de uma cortina de líquido depende das características da perturbação, da espessura do filme e das propriedades do fluido. Análises experimentais mostraram que uma cortina super fina pode ser obtida pela utilização de fluidos viscoelásticos. Os mecanismos físicos associados à esta estabilidade, contudo, não são totalmente compreendidos. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo numérico e teórico dos efeitos das propriedades viscoelásticas na estabilidade de uma cortina de fluido, englobando ambos os estágio do processo. As análises numéricas foram desenvolvidas através da expansão assintótica das variáveis do escoamento com aplicação de um esquema de integração no tempo totalmente implícito. A partir da análise teórica da dinâmica de ruptura foi possível obter um critério de estabilidade linear para perturbações planares e axissimétricas em fluidos Newtonianos e não-Newtonianos. O tempo de ruptura e a velocidade de retração do filme foram calculados numericamente como função das propriedades viscoelásticas do líquido. Resultados mostraram que as forças elásticas atuam de forma a dificultar o processo de quebra e retração. Análises da evolução da espessura mostraram que as propriedades reológicas do fluído também interferem no formato que o filme de fluido assume durante o processo de retração. Para regimes de baixa viscosidade, as forças elásticas atuaram evitando a formação de ondas capilares observadas em fluidos Newtonianos.
Thin free liquid sheets are ubiquitous in many industrial processes, such as atomization and curtain coating. Liquid sheets are susceptible to instabilities at the interface, which can grow, triggering a breakup process. This process can be divided into two different stages: the rupture stage and retraction. The first, driven by van der Waals force, occurs when a small instability grows until it pinches-off the sheet. The second, driven by capillary forces, induces the growth of the hole caused by the pinch-off, leading to the full disintegration of the liquid sheet. The stability of a liquid sheet depends on disturbance characteristics, sheet thickness, and fluid properties. Experimental analyses have shown that thinner stable liquid curtain can be obtained with viscoelastic liquids. The underlyning physical mechanisms associated with increased stability are, however, not fully understood. This work presents a theoretical and numerical analysis of the effect of viscoelasticity on the stability of a thin liquid sheet during both stages of the breakup process. We first analyze the rupture dynamics, deriving linear stability criteria for both planar and axisymmetric perturbations of Newtonian and Oldroyd-B liquids. The time evolution of planar and axisymmetric perturbations in an Oldroyd-B liquid sheet is evaluated using the asymptotic expansion of the flow variables and a fully-implicit time integration scheme. The rupture time and retraction velocity are calculated as a function of the viscoelastic properties. The results show that the liquid rheological behavior does not influence the linear stability criterion. Nevertheless, it has a strong effect on the growth rate of the disturbance and retraction velocity, increasing, thus, the breakup time. The results show that elastic forces act to hinder the rupture and retraction stages. Analysis of the temporal evolution of the thickness profile reveals that liquid rheological behavior also affects the shape of the liquid sheet. For low viscosity regime, the elastic forces damp the capillary waves that arise during the retraction of Newtonian sheets.
2
Chakraborty, Symphony. "Dynamics and stability of a non-Newtonian falling film." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828305.
Abstract:
On étudie la dynamique d'un film mince d'un fluide non-newtonien s'écoulant sur un plan incliné sous l'action de la gravité en tenant compte des effets d'une rhéologie complexe sur la dynamique des ondes de surface. Au chapitre 3, les propriétés des ondes solitaires, qui organisent la dynamique désordonnée d'un film Newtonien, sont considérées. Des simulations numériques directes (DNSs) d'ondes solitaires ont été effectués et comparés aux résultats d'un modèle à quatre équations formulé dans [112]. Au chapitre 5, l'évolution d'un film de fluide en loi de puissance film est modélisée au moyen de l'approche aux résidus pondérés. Les comparaisons avec l'analyse de stabilité d'Orr-Sommerfeld et de la DNS est en bon accord dans les régimes linéaires et non linéaires. Un film de fluide viscoplastique est modélisé par la loi Herschel et Bulkley est étudié au chapitre 6. L'élasticité du pseudo-bouchon à l'interface est pris en compte par une relation constitutive élastovisco-plastique proposée par Saramito [121]. Un modèle est formulé en termes de quatre équations pour l'épaisseur du film, le débit local et les amplitudes des contraintes normales et tangentielles. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire donne des valeurs du nombre de Reynolds critique en bon accord avec l'analyse d'Orr-Sommerfeld.
3
Pachmann, Sydney. "Swimming in slime." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1503.
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to study the problem of a low Reynolds number
swimmer that is in very close proximity to a wall or solid boundary in a non-
Newtonian fluid. We assume that it moves by propagating waves down its length
in one direction, creating a thrust and therefore propelling it in the opposite
direction. We model the swimmer as an infinite, inextensible waving sheet.
We consider two main cases of this swimming sheet problem. In the first
case, the type of wave being propagated down the length of the swimmer is
specified. We compare the swimming speeds of viscoelastic shear thinning,
shear thickening and Newtonian fluids for a fixed propagating wave speed. We
then compare the swimming speeds of these same fluids for a fixed rate of work
per wavelength. In the latter situation, we find that a shear thinning fluid
always yields the fastest swimming speed regardless of the amplitude of the
propagating waves. We conclude that a shear thinning fluid is optimal for the
swimmer. Analytical results are obtained for various limiting cases. Next, we
consider the problem with a Bingham fluid. Yield surfaces and flow profiles are
obtained.
In the second case, the forcing along the length of the swimmer is specified,
but the shape of the swimmer is unknown. First, we solve this problem for a
Newtonian fluid. Large amplitude forcing yields a swimmer shape that has a
plateau region following by a large spike region. It is found that there exists
an optimal forcing that will yield a maximum swimming speed. Next, we solve
the problem for moderate forcing amplitudes for viscoelastic shear thickening
and shear thinning fluids. For a given forcing, it is found that a shear thinning
fluid yields the fastest swimming speed when compared to a shear thickening
fluid and a Newtonian fluid. The difference in swimming speeds decreases as
the bending stiffness of the swimmer increases.
4
RIBEIRO, GERALDO AFONSO SPINELLI MARTINS. "DYNAMICS OF RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN SOLID PARTICLES AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1987. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19130@1.
Abstract:
COMISSÃO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA NUCLEAREste trabalho descreve experimentos relacionamentos com o movimento relativo entre partículas sólidas e fluido não-newtoniano, confinados no interior de um duto circular. Medições da pressão dinâmica adicional, devida unicamente à presença da partícula (fonte de perturbação no escoamento) e do arrasto viscoso foram conduzidas de forma a se verificar a validade da Teoria de Brenner (1962). Esta teoria, já confirmada para fluidos newtonianos, permite que parâmetros característicos do escoamento perturbado sejam determinados, convenientemente, através de parâmetros do escoamento não-perturbado (ausência de partícula). Para o caso de fluido não-newtoniano, denominados puramente viscosos, do tipo Power-law, a teoria se mostrou perfeitamente aplicável. O valor da razão Delta P mais A/D descrito por Brenner foi confirmado com uma precisão de 3 por cento, num total de 70 experimentos realizados. Para fluidos não-newtonianos, viscoelásticos, com função viscosidade tipo Power-law, a validade da teoria parece, entretanto, depender de um parâmetro capaz de descrever na natureza constitutiva do fluido utilizado. Experimentos realizados com três diferentes fluidos viscoelásticos (expoentes power-law n igual 0,303; 0,343; 0,483) conduziram à identificação deste parâmetro, o Segundo Número Elástico, El2. Para valores de El2, inferiores a 14, caracterizando um escoamento predominantemente viscoso, o valor da razão Delta P mais A/D novamente é confirmado com precisão inferior a 4 por cento. Para valores de El2 superiores a 40 a razão Delta P mais A/D não mais pode ser avaliada com base em parâmetros do escoamento perturbado, analogamente ao que havia sido proposto por Brenner para o caso de fluidos newtonianos. Neste trabalho incluem-se também registros contínuos dos experimentos enfatizando os efeitos viscoelásticos envolvidos, bem como uma análise dos efeitos de parede associados ao movimento relativo entre fluidos não-newtonianos e partículas sólidas. Todos os experimentos foram realizados num regime de Reynolds variando de 0,1 a 90 e num regime de Weissenberg (calculando com base no modelo de Powell-Eyring) variando de 850 a 3800.
This work describes experiments related to relative motion between solid particles and mon-newtonian fluid, inside a circular duct. Measurements of the aditional dynamic pressure, due to the presence of the particle (a source of disturbance in the flow) ando f the viscous drag, were conducted to verify the validity of Brenner’s Theory (1962). This theory, already confirmed for newtonian fluids, allows the determination of the characteristic parameters of the disturbed flow using parameters of non-disturbed flow (without particle). In the case of purely viscous non-newtonian fluids, of the power-law type, the theory was confirmed. The value of the ratio Delta P plus A/D, described by Brenner, was confirmed. The value an accuracy of 3 per cent, in a total of 70 experiments. For viscoelastic fluids, with Power-law viscosity function, it appears that the validity of the theory depends on the Second Elastic Number, El2. Experiments conducted with three different viscoelastic fluids (power-law exponents, n equal 0,303; 0,343 and 0,483) shows that for values of El2 bellow 14, which characterizes a predominantly viscous flow, the value of of the ratio Delta P plus A/D is agair confirmed, with na accuracy of 4 per cent. For values of the El2, parameter above 40, the ratio Delta P plus A/D cannot be determined using parameters of the non-disturbed flow, as proposed by Brenner for newtonian fluids. In this work are also included graphic registers of the experiment, showing the complex viscoelastic effects, as well as na analysis of the wall effects associated with the relative motion between non- newtonian fluid and solid particles. All the experiments were conducted with Reynolds number between 0,1 and 90 and a Weissenberg number (based in Powell-Eyring model) between 850 and 38.00.
5
Vera, Vidal Camila Constanza. "Analysis of cooling effects and non-Newtonian rheology on lava flow dynamics." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169867.
Abstract:
Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias, Mención GeologíaMemoria para optar al título de Geóloga
La actividad volcanica representa una gran amenaza para la propiedad privada, comunidades y habitantes ubicados en las cercanias de centros volcanicos. La volcanologia y mecanica de fluidos se utilizan en conjunto con el fin de estudiar la evolucion de los flujos de lava. Nos enfocamos en el estudio de flujos de lava simples y viscosos, de composiciones andesitica hasta riolitica, para determinar la relevancia de la evolucion reologica del flujo en tiempos de emplazamiento, distancias, y proporciones finales. Los experimentos analogos han sido una herramienta util en previos estudios de flujos de lava. Para este trabajo se caracterizo el manjar, un derivado de la leche, para utilizarlo como material analogo de lava viscosa con una reologia dependiente de la temperatura. Los experimentos simularon un flujo no confinado simple sobre una superficie inclinada, en el Laboratorio de Volcanologia Experimental del Laboratoire de Magmas et Volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, Francia. Un total de 33 experimentos de extrusiones puntuales sobre una superficie inclinada, con caudales desde 1 $ (cc/s) $ a 25 $ (cc/s) $, con inclinaciones entre 10$^\circ$ - 15$^\circ$, y diferentes temperaturas iniciales desde ambiente hasta 71\textcelsius{}. Cada experimento fue grabado con camara visual y camara termica, con los cuales se pudo obtener la evolucion termica y las distancias en el tiempo a las que avanzaba cada flujo. Se utilizo python para obtener la base de datos de temperatura, y bibliotecas especificas para manejar, procesar y visualizar datos, tales com matplotlib, scipy y pandas. Los resultados indican que la formacion de una pseudo corteza en los flujos de manjar que estan sujetos a enfriamiento, controlan las distintas dimensiones y tiempos de emplazamiento obtenidos para los flujos estudiados, mientras que los cambios de pendiente tambien juegan un rol importante en estos resultados. La existencia de esta pseudo corteza esta basada en la perdida de agua presente en el manjar, asi como tambien en la buena correlacion existente que muestra el numero de Graetz con las diferentes dimensiones obtenidas, que dependen de la tasa efusiva, la escala de tiempo de extrusion, y por ende el desarrollo de esta corteza obtenida segun estimaciones basadas en la difusividad termica del material. Mayores caudales presentan flujos mas anchos con menores espesores, mientras que menores caudales se desarrollan de manera vertical, teniendo menor expansion areal y mayores espesores. Mayores pendientes resultan en flujos que se desarrollan principalmente pendiente abajo, con distancias de $ X_{min} $ e $ Y_{max} $ menores. Por otro lado, la comparacion entre flujos sujetos a enfriamiento versus flujos en condiciones isotermales, tambien apoyan la teoria de existencia de una pseudo corteza que controla la dinamica de flujo. Los modelos DEM realizados presentan caracteristicas similares a las presentes en flujos de lava, con zonas de menor espesor cerca del punto extrusivo, seguido por un posible canal central entre estructuras tipo levee que culminan en un frente de flujo de gran espesor, presentando la mayor potencia del flujo. Este frente de flujo inflado, consideramos que es evidencia de que existe una pseudo corteza que contiene material con mayor movilidad en su interior. Los perfiles de temperatura de termocuplas y FLIR, tambien muestran como existe un perfil termal vertical en los flujos, con altas temperaturas en porciones internas luego de que todo el material ya ha sido extruido, mientras la superficie del flujo presenta menores temperaturas.
6
Aggarwal, Nishith. "Computational viscoelastic drop dynamics and rheology." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 122 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456285651&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
7
Cordonnier, Benoît. "Non-Newtonian effects in silicate liquids and crystal bearing melts : implication for magma dynamics." kostenfrei, 2009. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10647/.
8
Tshilumbu, Nsenda Ngenda. "The effect of type and concentration of surfactant on stability and rheological properties of explosive emulsions." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=td_cput.
9
Hodson, Alistair. "A non-Newtonian perspective of gravity : testing modified gravity theories in galaxies and galaxy clusters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12016.
Abstract:
This thesis attempts to test several frameworks of non-Newtonian gravity in the context of galaxies and galaxy clusters. The theory most extensively discussed was that of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) with Galileon gravity, Emergent Gravity (EG) and Modified Gravity (MOG) mentioned to a lesser extent. Specifically, the main focus of this thesis was to determine whether MOND and MOND-like theories were compatible with galaxy cluster data, without the need to include cold dark matter. To do this, the paradigms of Extended MOND (EMOND), Generalised MOND (GMOND) and superfluid dark matter were investigated. The theories were outlined and applied to galaxy cluster data. The main findings of this were that EMOND and GMOND had some success with explaining galaxy cluster mass profiles, without requiring an additional dark matter component. The superfluid paradigm also enjoyed some success in galaxy clusters, which was expected as it behaves in a similar manner to the standard cold dark matter paradigm in cluster environments. However, the superfluid paradigm may have issues in the very centre of galaxy clusters due to the theory predicting constant density cores, whereas the cold dark matter paradigm predicts density cores which are cuspier. The EMOND paradigm was also tested against ultra-diffuse galaxy (UDGs) data as they appear in cluster environments, where EMOND becomes important. It was found that EMOND can reproduce the inferred mass of the UDGs, assuming they lie on the fundamental manifold (FM). The validity of the assumptions used to model the UDGs are discussed in the text. A two-body problem was also conducted in the Galileon gravity framework. The amount of additional gravitational force, compared to Newtonian was determined for a small galaxy at the edge of a galaxy cluster.
10
Shu, Yupeng. "Numerical Solutions of Generalized Burgers' Equations for Some Incompressible Non-Newtonian Fluids." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2051.
Abstract:
The author presents some generalized Burgers' equations for incompressible and isothermal flow of viscous non-Newtonian fluids based on the Cross model, the Carreau model, and the Power-Law model and some simple assumptions on the flows. The author numerically solves the traveling wave equations for the Cross model, the Carreau model, the Power-Law model by using industrial data. The author proves existence and uniqueness of solutions to the traveling wave equations of each of the three models. The author also provides numerical estimates of the shock thickness as well as maximum strain $\varepsilon_{11}$ for each of the fluids.
11
Nyekwe, Ichegbo Maxwell. "Investigation of factors effecting yield stress determinations using the slump test." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2160.
Abstract:
Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008.Certain non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a yield stress which can be measured with a variety of instruments varying from very sophisticated rotary and tube viscometers to hand-held slump cones and cylinders of various sizes. Accurate yield stress measurement is significant for process design and disposal operations for thickenend tailings. The slump value was first related to the yield stress by Murata (1984). Later, that work was corrected by Christensen (1991) for an error in the mathematical analysis. Slump, based on a circular cylindrical geometry was first investigated by Chandler (1986). These concepts led to the study by Pashias et al., (1996) that formed the basis for the current research. The Flow Process Research Centre (FPRC) at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology developed a slump meter designed to lift the cone or cylinder vertically at controlled lifting speeds. In addition the simple hand-held cylinder which is an adaptation of slump cones which were originally developed by the concrete industry to determine the flowability of fresh concrete was also used. The vane technique was used as a control. Cones and cylinders made of stainless steel and PVC were fitted to the slump meter. The yield stresses of four non-Newtonian fluids at different concentrations were tested in four different configurations at different lift speeds to ascertain whether the measuring position, lift speed, slip, geometry, wall surface material, and stability has an effect on the value of yield stress measured. The effect of different predictive models was also ascertained.The cylinder, lump and cone models relating slump to yield stress was used in the dimensional analysis of the results. The objective of this work was to determine if the slump tests (cone, cylinder and the hand-held cylinder) would generate yield stress values comparable to those found using the vane technique. It was establised that there was no significant effect of lift speed, stability, geometry and wall surface material on the value of yield stress. The effect of measuring position on the value of yield stress calculated gave a difference of 25%. Using dimensional analysis, the lump model (Hallbom, 2005) more accurately predicts the material yield stress when using the hand-held cylinder as well as all the cone results (due to its specific geometry), and cylinder configurations, thus affirming the work of Clayton et al., 2003. It is concluded that, although the materials and concentrations tested induced errors within 40%, the hand-held cylinder shows promise as a reliable, quick and simple way of measuring the yield stress.
12
Chadwick, Kenneth Michael. "An experimental investigation of the breakup of a viscoelastic non-newtonian fluid in a supersonic stream." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42082.
13
Sridharan, Harini. "COUPLED DYNAMICS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN SHEAR RHEOMETRY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1597346164780318.
14
Koronias, George. "Elastomultibody dynamics of RWD axle whine phenomena." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9721.
Abstract:
Automotive industry is faced with numerous power train Noise, Vibration and Harshness issues. Particularly, in the driveline area of vehicles a noise commonly referred as differential axle whine which is a tonal response and becomes apparent under cruising conditions. This is one of the key concerns in rear wheel drive commercial vehicles. Although not a failure state, it is regarded as a quality issue and a source of annoyance, which can lead to warranty concerns. The associated cost of palliation to Ford Motor Company was estimated to be $25,000,000 in 2003. There have been several ways of studying axle whine through experimentation and numerical analysis. In this thesis, a new approach for investigating axle whine is highlighted, which is more integrative and detailed. Multi-body dynamics model of a light truck s driveline is developed with all the appropriate components, using constrained Lagrangian dynamics. Component flexibility is included for driveshaft pieces, rear axle half-shafts and the suspension elements. The connectivity of the components is accurately modelled such as the floating effect of rear half-shafts, linear bushings between driveline components to chassis connections, as well as the non-linear effect of tapered roller bearings, supporting the wheel hubs and gears. Furthermore, integrated to the previously described large scale model a detailed hypoid gear pair model is devised. This incorporates micro-scale physics for tooth contact analysis to predict geometric properties and deflections for the gear pair. At the same time thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory with non-Newtonian friction is applied. All these phenomena at different physical scales, such as large displacement rigid body dynamics and analytical equations for the detailed model are solved simultaneously, all within the same modelling environment. This multi-physics, multi-scale approach has not hitherto been reported in the literature, and constitutes a significant contribution to knowledge. Comparative studies of the model predictions and detailed vehicle tests are carried out, the combination of which points to resonant conditions in system responses and flexible component behaviour, coincident with the adverse conditions in the hypoid gear meshing. It is shown that vehicle drive and coast conditions, promoting teeth pair separations lead to irregular (improper) meshing of the differential gears. Such conditions induce impulsive actions that promote the axle whine phenomenon. This is a major finding of the research and contributes to a better understanding of the axle whine problem.
15
Lashgari, Iman. "Stability analysis and inertial regimes in complex flows." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fysiokemisk strömningsmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177850.
Abstract:
In this work we rst study the non-Newtonian effects on the inertial instabilities in shear flows and second the inertial suspensions of finite size rigid particles by means of numerical simulations. In the first part, both inelastic (Carreau) and elastic models (Oldroyd-B and FENE-P) have been employed to examine the main features of the non-Newtonian fluids in several congurations; flow past a circular cylinder, in a lid-driven cavity and in a channel. In the framework of the linear stability analysis, modal, non-modal, energy and sensitivity analysis are used to determine the instability mechanisms of the non-Newtonian flows. Signicant modifications/alterations in the instability of the different flows have been observed under the action of the non-Newtonian effects. In general, shear-thinning/shear-thickening effects destabilize/stabilize the flow around the cylinder and in a lid driven cavity. Viscoelastic effects both stabilize and destabilize the channel flow depending on the ratio between the viscoelastic and flow time scales. The instability mechanism is just slightly modied in the cylinder flow whereas new instability mechanisms arise in the lid-driven cavity flow. In the second part, we employ Direct Numerical Simulation together with an Immersed Boundary Method to simulate the inertial suspensions of rigid spherical neutrally buoyant particles in a channel. A wide range of the bulk Reynolds numbers, 500<Re<5000, and particle volume fractions, 0<\Phi<3, is studied while fixing the ratio between the channel height to particle diameter, 2h/d = 10. Three different inertial regimes are identied by studying the stress budget of two-phase flow. These regimes are laminar, turbulent and inertial shear-thickening where the contribution of the viscous, Reynolds and particle stress to transfer the momentum across the channel is the strongest respectively. In the inertial shear-thickening regime we observe a signicant enhancement in the wall shear stress attributed to an increment in particle stress and not the Reynolds stress. Examining the particle dynamics, particle distribution, dispersion, relative velocities and collision kernel, confirms the existence of the three regimes. We further study the transition and turbulence in the dilute regime of finite size particulate channel flow. We show that the turbulence can sustain in the domain at Reynolds numbers lower than the one of the unladen flow due to the disturbances induced by particles.QC 20151127
16
Tran-Canh, Dung. "Simulating the flow of some non-Newtonian fluids with neural-like networks and stochastic processes." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001518/.
Abstract:
The thesis reports a contribution to the development of neural-like network- based element-free methods for the numerical simulation of some non-Newtonian fluid flow problems. The numerical approximation of functions and solution of the governing partial differential equations are mainly based on radial basis function networks. The resultant micro-macroscopic approaches do not require any element-based discretisation and only rely on a set of unstructured collocation points and hence are truly meshless or element-free. The development of the present methods begins with the use of the multi-layer perceptron networks (MLPNs) and radial basis function networks (RBFNs) to effectively eliminate the volume integrals in the integral formulation of fluid flow problems. An adaptive velocity gradient domain decomposition (AVGDD) scheme is incorporated into the computational algorithm. As a result, an improved feed forward neural network boundary-element-only method (FFNN- BEM) is created and verified. The present FFNN-BEM successfully simulates the flow of several Generalised Newtonian Fluids (GNFs), including the Carreau, Power-law and Cross models. To the best of the author's knowledge, the present FFNN-BEM is the first to achieve convergence for difficult flow situations when the power-law indices are very small (as small as 0.2). Although some elements are still used to discretise the governing equations, but only on the boundary of the analysis domain, the experience gained in the development of element-free approximation in the domain provides valuable skills for the progress towards an element-free approach. A least squares collocation RBFN-based mesh-free method is then developed for solving the governing PDEs. This method is coupled with the stochastic simulation technique (SST), forming the mesoscopic approach for analyzing viscoelastic flid flows. The velocity field is computed from the RBFN-based mesh-free method (macroscopic component) and the stress is determined by the SST (microscopic component). Thus the SST removes a limitation in traditional macroscopic approaches since closed form constitutive equations are not necessary in the SST. In this mesh-free method, each of the unknowns in the conservation equations is represented by a linear combination of weighted radial basis functions and hence the unknowns are converted from physical variables (e.g. velocity, stresses, etc) into network weights through the application of the general linear least squares principle and point collocation procedure. Depending on the type of RBFs used, a number of parameters will influence the performance of the method. These parameters include the centres in the case of thin plate spline RBFNs (TPS-RBFNs), and the centres and the widths in the case of multi-quadric RBFNs (MQ-RBFNs). A further improvement of the approach is achieved when the Eulerian SST is formulated via Brownian configuration fields (BCF) in place of the Lagrangian SST. The SST is made more efficient with the inclusion of the control variate variance reduction scheme, which allows for a reduction of the number of dumbbells used to model the fluid. A highly parallelised algorithm, at both macro and micro levels, incorporating a domain decomposition technique, is implemented to handle larger problems. The approach is verified and used to simulate the flow of several model dilute polymeric fluids (the Hookean, FENE and FENE-P models) in simple as well as non-trivial geometries, including shear flows (transient Couette, Poiseuille flows)), elongational flows (4:1 and 10:1 abrupt contraction flows) and lid-driven cavity flows.
17
Cloete, Maret. "Modelling of non-Newtonian fluid flow through and over porous media with the inclusion of boundary effects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80240.
Abstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Different generalized Newtonian fluids (where the normal stresses were neglected) were considered in this study. Analytical expressions were derived for time independent, fully developed velocity profiles of Herschel-Bulkley fluids (including the simplifications thereof: Newtonian, power law and Bingham plastic fluids) and Casson fluids through open channel sections. Both flow through cylindrical pipes (Hagen-Poiseuille flow) and parallel plates (plane Poiseuille flow) were brought under consideration. Equations were derived for the wall shear stresses in terms of the average channel velocities. These expressions for plane Poiseuille flow were then utilized in the modelling of flow through homogeneous, isotropic porous media. Flow through parallel plates was extended and a possibility of a moving lower wall (plane Couette-Poiseuille flow) was included for Herschel-Bulkley fluids (and the simplifications thereof). The velocity of the wall was assumed to be opposite to the pressure gradient (thus in the streamwise direction) yielding three different possible flow scenarios. These equations were again revisited in the study on flow over porous structures. Averaging of the microscopic momentum transport equation was carried out by means of volume averaging over an REV (Representative Elementary Volume). Flow through parallel plates enclosing a homogeneous porous medium (assumed homogeneous up to the external boundary) was studied at the hand of Brinkman’s equation. It was as- sumed (also for non-Newtonian fluids) that the term dominating outside the external boundary layer area is directly proportional to the superficial velocity that is, since only the viscous flow regime was considered, referred to as the ‘Darcy’ velocity if the diffusive Brinkman term is completely neglected. For a shear thinning or shear thickening fluid, the excess superficial velocity term was included in the proportionality coefficient that is constant for a particular fluid traversing a particular porous medium subjected to a specific pressure gradient. For such fluids only the inverse functions could be solved. If the ‘Darcy’ velocity is not reached within the considered domain, Gauss’s hypergeo- metric function had to be utilized. For Newtonian and Bingham plastic fluids, direct solutions were obtained. The effect of the constant yield stress was embedded in the proportionality coefficient. For linear flow, the proportionality coefficient consists of both a Darcy and a Forch- heimer term applicable to the viscous and inertial flow regimes respectively. Secondary averaging for different types of porous media was accomplished by using an RUC (Representative Unit Cell) to estimate average interstitial properties. Only homoge- neous, isotropic media were considered. Expressions for the apparent permeability as well as the passability in the Forchheimer regime (also sometimes referred to as the non-Darcian permeability) were derived for the various fluid types. Finally fluid flow in a domain consisting of an open channel adjacent to an infinite porous domain is considered. The analytically derived velocity profiles for both plane Couette- Poiseuille flow and the Brinkman equation were matched by assuming continuity in the shear stress at the porosity jump between the two domains. An in-house code was developed to simulate such a composite domain numerically. The difference between the analytically assumed constant apparent permeability in a macro- scopic boundary layer region as opposed to a dependency of the varying superficial velocity was discussed. This code included the possibility to alter the construction of the domain and to simulate axisymmetrical flow in a cylinder.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeie veralgemeende Newtoniese vloeistowwe (waarvan die normaalspannings ignoreer- baar is) word in hierdie studie beskou. Analitiese uitdrukkings vir tyd-onafhanklike, ten volle ontwikkelde snelheidsprofiele vir Herschel-Bulkley vloeistowwe (wat die vereen- voudigde weergawes daarvan insluit: Newtoniese, magswet- en Bingham-plastiek vloei- stowwe), sowel as Casson vloeistowwe, is afgelei vir vloei deur ‘n oop kanaal. Beide vloei deur silindriese pype (Hagen-Poiseuille vloei) en parallelle plate (vlak-Poiseuille vloei) is oorweeg. Vergelykings vir die skuifspannings op ‘n wand in terme van die gemiddelde snelhede is afgelei. Hierdie uitdrukking wat vir vlak-Poiseuille vloei verkry is, is in die modellering van vloei deur homogene, isotropiese poreuse media ook gebruik. Vloei deur parallelle plate is uitgebrei en die moontlikheid van ‘n bewegende onderste wand (vlak-Couette-Poiseuille vloei) is ondersoek vir Herschel-Bulkley vloeistowwe (en die vereenvoudigings daarvan). Dit word aangeneem dat die snelheid van die wand in die teenoorgestelde rigting as die drukgradiënt georiënteer is (dus in die stroomgewyse rigting) wat dan tot drie verskillende moontlike vloeigevalle lei. Hierdie vergelykings is weer in die studie van vloei oor poreuse strukture gebruik. Die gemiddelde van die mikroskopiese momentum transportvergelyking is bereken oor die volume van ‘n REV (“Representative Elementary Volume”). Vloei deur parallelle plate wat ‘n homogene poreuse medium omsluit (waar die medium homogeen aanvaar word tot by die eksterne grens) is bestudeer aan die hand van Brinkman se vergelyking. Daar is aanvaar (ook vir nie-Newtoniese vloeistowwe) dat die dominante term buite die eksterne grenslaaggebied direk eweredig is aan die oppervlaksnelheid en, aangesien slegs vloei in die viskeuse gebied oorweeg word, daarna verwys word as die “Darcy”- snelheid, indien die diffusiewe Brinkman-term heeltemal weglaatbaar is. Vir ‘n span-ningsverdunnende of -verdikkende vloeistof, word die oortollige oppervlaksnelheidsterm ingesluit by die proporsionaliteitskoëffisiënt wat konstant is vir ‘n spesifieke vloeistof wat deur ‘n sekere poreuse medium, onderhewig aan ‘n spesifieke drukgradiënt, vloei. Vir sulke vloeistowwe kon slegs die inverse funksies opgelos word. As die “Darcy”- snelheid nie binne die betrokke gebied bereik word nie, is daar van Gauss se hipergeometriese funksie gebruik gemaak. Vir Newtoniese en Bingham-plastiek vloeistowwe is egter direkte oplossings verkry. Die effek van die konstante toegeespanning is ingebed in die proporsionaliteitskoëffisiënt. Vir lineêre vloei bestaan die proporsionaliteitskoëffisiënt uit beide ‘n Darcy- en ‘n Forch- heimer-term wat van toepassing is in die viskeuse- en traagheidsvloeigebiede onder- skeidelik. Sekondˆere gemiddeldes vir verskillende tipes poreuse media is verkry; deur gebruik te maak van ‘n RUC (“Representative Unit Cell”) kan interstisiële gemiddelde eienskappe geskat word. Slegs homogene, isotrope media is in oorweging gebring. Uit- drukkings vir die o¨enskynlike deurlaatbaarheid sowel as die deurdringbaarheid in die Forchheimer-gebied (ook soms na verwys as die nie-Darcy deurlaatbaarheid) is afgelei vir die verskillende vloeistoftipes. Ten slotte is vloeistofvloei in ‘n gebied wat bestaan uit ‘n oop kanaal aangrensend aan ‘n oneindige poreuse domein ondersoek. Die analities-afgeleide snelheidsprofiele vir beide vlak-Couette-Poiseuille vloei en die Brinkman-vergelyking is gekoppel deur ‘n kontinu¨ıteit in die skuifspanning by die poreuse-sprong tussen die twee gebiede te aanvaar. ‘n Interne numeriese kode is ontwikkel om so ‘n saamgestelde domein numeries te simuleer. Die verskil tussen die analities konstant-aanvaarde deurlaatbaarheid in ‘n makroskopiese grenslaagstreek, eerder as ‘n afhanklikheid met die veranderende opper- vlaksnelheid, is bespreek. Hierdie kode sluit ook die moontlikheid in om die domein te herkonstrueer, asook om die simulasie van aksiaal-simmetriese vloei in ‘n silinder te ondersoek.
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Ravi, Vishaul. "Effects of Interfacial and Viscous Properties of Pure Liquids and Polymeric Solutions on Drop Spread Dynamics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1331300235.
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Hopkins, Alan John. "Computer simulation studies of dense suspension rheology : computational studies of model sheared fluids : elucidation, interpretation and description of the observed rheological behaviour of simple colloidal suspensions in the granulo-viscous domain by non-equilibrium particulate dynamics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4408.
Abstract:
Rheological properties of idealised models which exhibit all the non-Newtonian flow phenomenology commonly seen in dense suspensions are investigated by particulate-dynamics computer-simulations. The objectives of these investigations are: (i) to establish the origins of various aspects of dense suspension rheology such as shear-thinning, shear thickening and dilatancy; (ii) to elucidate the different regions of a typical dense suspension rheogram by examining underlying structures and shear induced anisotropies in kinetic energy, diffusivity and pressure; (iii) to investigate the scaling of the simplest idealised model suspension; i.e. the hard-sphere model in Newtonian media and its relationship to the isokinetic flow curves obtained through non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations; (iv) to preliminarily determine the effect of perturbations present in all real colloidal suspensions, namely particle size polydispersity and a slight 'softness' of the interparticle potential. Non-equilibrium isokinetic simulations have been performed upon ;systems of particles interacting through the classical hard-sphere potential and a perturbation thereof, in which the hard-core is surrounded by a 'slightly soft' repulsive skin. The decision to base the present work upon isokinetic studies was made in order to obtain a better under- standing of suspension rheology by making a direct connection with previous NEMD studies of thermal systemst(93). These studies have shown that the non-linear behaviour exhibited by these systems under shear is atttributable to a shear-induced perturbation of the equilibrium phase behaviour. The present study shows this behaviour to correspond to the high shear region of the generalised suspension flow curve.
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Ahlkrona, Josefin. "Computational Ice Sheet Dynamics : Error control and efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283442.
Abstract:
Ice sheets, such as the Greenland Ice Sheet or Antarctic Ice Sheet, have a fundamental impact on landscape formation, the global climate system, and on sea level rise. The slow, creeping flow of ice can be represented by a non-linear version of the Stokes equations, which treat ice as a non-Newtonian, viscous fluid. Large spatial domains combined with long time spans and complexities such as a non-linear rheology, make ice sheet simulations computationally challenging. The topic of this thesis is the efficiency and error control of large simulations, both in the sense of mathematical modelling and numerical algorithms. In the first part of the thesis, approximative models based on perturbation expansions are studied. Due to a thick boundary layer near the ice surface, some classical assumptions are inaccurate and the higher order model called the Second Order Shallow Ice Approximation (SOSIA) yields large errors. In the second part of the thesis, the Ice Sheet Coupled Approximation Level (ISCAL) method is developed and implemented into the finite element ice sheet model Elmer/Ice. The ISCAL method combines the Shallow Ice Approximation (SIA) and Shelfy Stream Approximation (SSA) with the full Stokes model, such that the Stokes equations are only solved in areas where both the SIA and SSA is inaccurate. Where and when the SIA and SSA is applicable is decided automatically and dynamically based on estimates of the modeling error. The ISCAL method provides a significant speed-up compared to the Stokes model. The third contribution of this thesis is the introduction of Radial Basis Function (RBF) methods in glaciology. Advantages of RBF methods in comparison to finite element methods or finite difference methods are demonstrated.eSSENCE
21
Casey, David Michael. "Characterization of Transition to Turbulence for Blood in an Eccentric Stenosis Under Steady Flow Conditions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1418066674.
22
Rundora, Lazarus. "Laminar flow in a channel filled with saturated porous media." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1306.
Abstract:
Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013The flow of reactive viscous fluids in porous media presents a theoretically challenging problem and has a broad range of scientific, technological and engineering applications. Real life areas where such flow systems are encountered include drying of food, geothermal energy extraction, nuclear waste disposal, the flow of heat and fluid inside human organs, insulation of buildings, groundwater movement, oil and gas production, astrophysical plasmas, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pumps and generators, metal extraction and granulation of metals, aerospace and ship propulsion and automobile exhaust systems. The reactions within such flow systems are inherently exothermic. It is in this view that we carry out studies of thermal effects and thermal stability criteria for unsteady flows of reactive variable viscosity non-Newtonian fluids through saturated porous media. The study focuses on non-Newtonian fluids mainly because the majority of industrial fluids exhibit non-Newtonian character. Particular focus will be on fluids of the differential type exemplified by third grade fluid. Both analytical and numerical techniques were employed to solve the nonlinear partial differential equations that were derived from the conservation principles, namely the principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy balance. Graphical representations were adopted in trying to explain the response of solutions to various flow parameter variations. In chapter 1 we defined important terms and expressions, laid down a summary of important applications, carried out literature survey, stated the statement of the problem, the aims and objectives of the study as well as an outline of the envisaged research methodology. Chapter 2 focuses on the derivations of the fundamental equations that derive the flow system. These are the continuity equation, the momentum equation and the energy equation. In chapter 3 we computationally investigated the unsteady flow of a reactive temperature dependent viscosity third grade fluid through a porous saturated medium with asymmetric convective boundary conditions. The response of velocity and temperature fields to each of the various flow parameters was analysed and interpreted. A transient increase in both the velocity and temperature profiles with an increase in the reaction strength, viscous heating and fluid viscosity parameter was observed. On the other hand, a transient decrease in the field properties was observed with increase in non-Newtonian character and the porous medium shape parameter. The reaction was noticed to blow-up if, depending on other flow parameters, the reaction strength is not carefully controlled.
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Schneider, Jean. "Dynamique non-newtonienne de courants de gravité chargés en particules : Étude en régime turbulent." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0308.
Abstract:
Les courants de gravité sont des phénomènes géophysiques qui se manifestent principalement dans les environnements océaniques. Ces courants ont été l'objet de nombreuses études en l'absence de particules. Toutefois, leur dynamique devient significativement plus complexe lorsqu'il y a des particules en suspension. Dans cette thèse nous cherchons à caractériser la dynamique de ces courants en présence de particules dans des configurations multiples correspondant à des configurations retrouvées dans la nature. L'utilisation de nouvelles techniques de mesures à haute résolution spatiale et temporelles permet de sonder la structure interne de ces courants dans le cas d'écoulements isodenses et d'isoler les effets de viscosité à haute concentration. Cette technique permet ensuite de sonder la structure interne de courants de gravité chargés en particules selon leur propriété de flottabilité (sédimentation, isodensité, crémage). Pour finir, des configurations représentatives de celles que l'on retrouve dans la nature permettent de mettre en lumière des dynamiques bien plus complexes que celles attendues. L'apparition d'effets de convection est révélée par l'étude de courants hypopycnaux chargés en particulesGravity currents are geophysical phenomena that occur mainly in oceanic environments. These currents have been the subject of numerous studies in the absence of particles. However, their dynamics become significantly more complex when particles are in suspension. In this thesis, we aim to characterize the dynamics of these currents in the presence of particles in multiple configurations corresponding to those found in nature. The use of new measurement techniques with high spatial and temporal resolution enables us to probe the internal structure of these currents in the case of isodense flows, and to isolate the effects of high-concentration viscosity. This technique can then be used to probe the internal structure of particle-laden gravity currents according to their buoyancy properties (sedimentation, isodensity, creaming). Finally, configurations representative of those found in nature reveal dynamics far more complex than expected. The appearance of convection effects is revealed by the study of particle-laden hypopycnal currents
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Shcherbakov, Victor. "Localised Radial Basis Function Methods for Partial Differential Equations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332715.
Abstract:
Radial basis function methods exhibit several very attractive properties such as a high order convergence of the approximated solution and flexibility to the domain geometry. However the method in its classical formulation becomes impractical for problems with relatively large numbers of degrees of freedom due to the ill-conditioning and dense structure of coefficient matrix. To overcome the latter issue we employ a localisation technique, namely a partition of unity method, while the former issue was previously addressed by several authors and was of less concern in this thesis. In this thesis we develop radial basis function partition of unity methods for partial differential equations arising in financial mathematics and glaciology. In the applications of financial mathematics we focus on pricing multi-asset equity and credit derivatives whose models involve several stochastic factors. We demonstrate that localised radial basis function methods are very effective and well-suited for financial applications thanks to the high order approximation properties that allow for the reduction of storage and computational requirements, which is crucial in multi-dimensional problems to cope with the curse of dimensionality. In the glaciology application we in the first place make use of the meshfree nature of the methods and their flexibility with respect to the irregular geometries of ice sheets and glaciers. Also, we exploit the fact that radial basis function methods are stated in strong form, which is advantageous for approximating velocity fields of non-Newtonian viscous liquids such as ice, since it allows to avoid a full coefficient matrix reassembly within the nonlinear iteration. In addition to the applied problems we develop a least squares radial basis function partition of unity method that is robust with respect to the node layout. The method allows for scaling to problem sizes of a few hundred thousand nodes without encountering the issue of large condition numbers of the coefficient matrix. This property is enabled by the possibility to control the coefficient matrix condition number by the rate of oversampling and the mode of refinement.
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Siqueira, Eduardo Schnurr. "Aproximação numérica de escoamento de fluidos power-law utilizando o código livre MFIX." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4430.
Abstract:
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Fluidos não-Newtonianos apresentam relação não linear entre a tensão de cisalhamento e a taxa de cisalhamento, ou seja, sua viscosidade não é constante. Eles estão presentes na natureza (sangue, lamas, areia movediça), assim como em muitos produtos industriais classificam-se nesta categoria, tais como produtos alimentícios (iogurtes, queijos cremosos, doces de frutas, chocolate ), tintas, borrachas, polímeros fundidos, soluções poliméricas, adesivos e gomas. Nos casos em que a viscosidade diminui com aumento da taxa de cisalhamento, os fluidos são classificados como pseudoplásticos; os que apresentam comportamento inverso são classificados como dilatantes. O modelo Power-Law é utilizado em engenharia para modelar ambos os comportamentos. Computational Fluid Dynamics - CFD (Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional) é uma ferramenta utilizada na simulação numérica de escoamentos de fluidos Newtonianos e não-Newtonianos. Inúmeros códigos comerciais e livres são utilizados atualmente, dentre eles o código livre e aberto Multiphase Flow with Interphase Exchanges (MFIX), o qual foi desenvolvido visando a simulação numérica de escoamentos multifásicos reativos do tipo sólido-gás em leitos fluidizados. O objetivo do presente trabalho é implementar no MFIX o modelo Power-Law, validar a modificação e realizar um estudo de caso utilizando o modelo. Com a implementação de um modelo não-Newtoniano ao código, pretende-se abrir caminho para a simulação de escoamentos multifásicos do tipo sólido-líquido não-Newtoniano, bem como aumentar a potencialidade do código, a fim de se estudar casos monofásicos de escoamentos de fluidos não-Newtonianos sujeitos à transferência de calor. O modelo implementado foi validado através da comparação com resultados da literatura para o escoamento em uma cavidade. Posteriormente, foram realizadas simulações do escoamento não isotérmico e isotérmico em torno de um prisma de seção quadrada imerso em um canal. Foram variados os parâmetros número de Prandtl, índice do modelo Power-Law e razão de bloqueio. Verificou-se que o número de Nusselt tem influência direta e é fortemente influenciado pela razão de bloqueio e inversamente, com pouca intensidade, pelo índice Power-Law. O número de Prandtl também influenciou diretamente no número de Nusselt e demonstrou que, quanto maior o seu valor, mais acentuada fica a variação do número de Nusselt em função da razão de bloqueio.
Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit nonlinear relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate, that is, its viscosity is not constant. They are present in nature (blood, sludge) as well as many industrial products are classified in this category, such as food products (yoghurt, soft cheeses, jams, chocolate), paints, rubber, polymer melts, polymer solutions, adhesives and gums. In cases where viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate, the fluids are classified as shear-thinning, while the opposite behavior is classified as shear-thickening. The Power-Law model is used in engineering to model both behaviors. Computational Fluid Dynamics - CFD is a tool used in the numerical simulation of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid flow. Numerous free and commercial codes are used today, including the free and open source Multiphase Flow with Interphase Exchanges (MFIX), which was developed to the numerical simulation of multiphase (fluid-solid) and reactive flows. The goal of this work is to implement the Power-Law model in MFIX, validate the implementation and conduct a case study using the model implemented. With the implementation of a non-Newtonian model to the code, a new possibility for the simulation of multiphase flows of solid-non-Newtonian liquids is opened, as well as there is an increase in the capability of the code regarding the study of single-phase fluid flows of Non-Newtonian fluids subject to heat transfer. The model was implemented and validated by comparison with literature results for the flow in a lid driven cavity. Subsequently, simulations were carried out concerning isothermal and non-isothermal flows around a square cylinder immersed in a channel. Parameters of analyses consisted of Prandtl number, Power-Law index and blockage ratio, for a fixed Reynolds number. It was found that the Nusselt number is strongly influenced by the blockage ratio and decreases with the increase of the Power-Law index. The Prandtl number also directly influences the process. With its increase, the dependence of the Nusselt number with the blockage ratio is more pronounced.
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Ilunga, Luc Mwamba. "Performance of a symmetrical converging-diverging tube differential pressure flow meter." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1029.
Abstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Civil Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2014The current problems of orifice, nozzle and Venturi flow meters are that they are limited to turbulent flow and the permanent pressure drop produced in the pipeline. To improve these inadequacies, converging-diverging (C-D) tubes were manufactured, consisting of symmetrical converging and diverging cones, where the throat is the annular section between the two cones, with various angles and diameter ratios to improve the permanent pressure loss and flow measurement range. The objective of this study was firstly to evaluate the permanent pressure loss, secondly to determine the discharge coefficient values for various C-D tubes and compare them with the existing differential pressure flow meter using Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and finally to assess the performance of these differential pressure flow meters. The tests were conducted on the multipurpose test rig in the slurry laboratory at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids were used to conduct experiments in five different C-D tube flow meters with diameter ratios (β) of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7, and with angles of the wall to the axis of the tube (θ) of 15°, 30° and 45°. The results for each test are presented firstly in the form of static pressure at different flow rates. It was observed that the permanent pressure loss decreases with the flow rate and the length of the C-D tube. Secondly, the results are presented in terms of discharge coefficient versus Reynolds number. It was found that the Cd values at 15° drop earlier than at 30° and 45°; when viscous forces become predominant, the Cd increases with increasing beta ratio. The Cd was found to be independent of the Reynolds number for Re>2000 and also a function of angle and beta ratio. Preamble Performance of a symmetrical converging-diverging tube differential pressure flow meter Finally, the error analyses of discharge coefficients were assessed to determine the performance criteria. The standard variation was found to increase when the Reynolds number decreases. The average discharge coefficient values and their uncertainties were determined to select the most promising C-D tube geometry. An average Cd of 0.96, with an uncertainty of ±0.5 % for a range of Reynolds numbers greater than 2,000 was found. The comparison between C-D tubes 0.6(15-15) and classical Venturi flow meters reveals that C-D 0.6(15-15) performs well in turbulent range and shows only a slight inaccuracy in laminar. This thesis provides a simple geometrical differential pressure flow meter with a constant Cd value over a Reynolds number range of 2000 to 150 000.
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Neto, Apiano Ferreira de Morais. "Escoamento de fluidos complexos e transporte de partÃculas em geometrias irregulares." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5889.
Abstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoNeste trabalho, foram estudados vÃrios tipos de escoamentos laminares de fluidos incompressÃveis Newtonianos e nÃo-Newtonianos. Isto foi feito atravÃs do estudo da interaÃÃo destes escoamentos com geometrias complexas atravÃs de modelagem computacional e da soluÃÃo numÃrica das equaÃÃes de conservaÃÃo do momento e continuidade de massa. Numa primeira etapa, a modelagem computacional de uma rede de poros foi usada para a gerar padrÃes de agregados granulares resultando de mecanismos de erosÃo-deposiÃÃo de grÃos leves. A geometria da rede de poros foi alterada dinamicamente de acordo com a transferÃncia de momento do escoamento para as partÃculas localizadas em cada vÃrtice da rede de poros. Os resultados mostraram que, para esse processo irreversÃvel, o modelo foi capaz de reproduzir padrÃes tÃpicos de processos de erosÃo bem-conhecidos. Numa segunda etapa, um separador de partÃculas semelhante à estrutura pulmonar foi proposto com base nas propriedades de escoamento em uma estrutura ramificada e nas propriedades de transporte inercial das partÃculas, quantificadas atravÃs do nÃmero de Stokes. Os resultados indicaram que a variaÃÃo dos parÃmetros de construÃÃo da estrutura ramificada leva a um regime eficiente do processo de separaÃÃo em um amplo espectro de valores do nÃmero de Stokes. Por Ãltimo, o escoamento de vÃrios fluidos nÃo-Newtonianos atravÃs de meios porosos desordenados em trÃs-dimensÃes foi estudado. Os resultados mostraram, para fluidos do tipo lei-de-potÃncia, que o escoamento pode ser descrito como uma curva universal se o nÃmero de Reynolds e a permeabilidade hidrÃulica forem redefinidos de maneira apropriada. Fluidos de Bingham tambÃm foram estudados atravÃs do modelo de Herschel-Bulkley. Neste caso, as simulaÃÃes revelaram que as interaÃÃes entre a geometria complexa do espaÃo poroso, as propriedades reolÃgicas do fluido e os efeitos inerciais do escoamento sÃo responsÃveis por uma melhora substancial da permeabilidade hidrÃulica do sistema em valores intermediÃrios do nÃmero de Reynolds.
In this work many types of incompressible laminar Newtonian and Non-Newtonian flows are studied. The interplay of these flows with complex geometries was investigated using computational modeling and numerical solution of the conservation of momentum and mass continuity equations. As a first step, the computational modeling of a network of pores was adopted to reveal the formation patterns caused by the mechanism of erosion-deposition of light grains. The geometry of the pore network was changed dynamically according to the flow momentum transfer for particles located on each vertex of the pore network. The results showed that, for this irreversible processes, the model is capable of reproducing patterns of formation of well-known erosion processes. In a second step, a particle separator inspired on the lung structure was proposed based on the flow properties in a branched structure and transport of inertial particles, quantified in terms of the Stokes number. The results indicated that the variation of construction parameters of the branched structure leads to an efficient design of the separation process in a wide range of values of the Stokes number. Finally, the flow of non-Newtonian fluids through three-dimensional disordered porous media has been studied. The results showed, for power-law fluids that the flow can de described as a universal curve if the Reynolds number and the hydraulic permeability are redefined properly. The flow of Bingham fluids was also studied using the model of Herschel-Bulkley. In this case, the simulations showed that the interaction between the complex geometry of the pore space, the rheological properties of the fluid and the inertial effects of the flow is responsible for a substantial improvement of the hydraulic permeability of the system at intermediate values of the Reynolds number.
28
Mokhtarpour, Vanaki Shayan. "Numerical investigation of muco-ciliary transport." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203744/1/Shayan_Mokhtarpour%20Vanaki_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The human airways are protected from inhaled external substances by an extremely thin layer called airway surface liquid. This film of liquid captures most of the inhaled toxic particles and is constantly propelled back out of the airway by a dense mat of beating hair-like structures, thus cleansing the airways of inhaled pathogens. It is vital to better understand this clearance process under diseased conditions and to predict the fate of therapeutic drug particles after deposition. An advanced numerical model is developed to investigate these objectives, given that the complex nature of lung clearance limits the ability to conduct experiments.
29
Wang, Yuli. "Capillarity and wetting of non-Newtonian droplets." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184146.
Abstract:
Capillarity and dynamic wetting of non-Newtonian fluids are important in many natural and industrial processes, examples cover from a daily phenomenon as splashing of a cup of yogurt to advanced technologies such as additive manufacturing. The applicable non-Newtonian fluids are usually viscoelastic compounds of polymers and solvents. Previous experiments observed diverse interesting behaviors of a polymeric droplet on a wetted substrate or in a microfluidic device. However, our understanding of how viscoelasticity affects droplet dynamics remains very limited. This work intends to shed light on viscoelastic effect on two small scale processes, i.e., the motion of a wetting contact line and droplet splitting at a bifurcation tip. Numerical simulation is employed to reveal detailed information such as elastic stresses and interfacial flow field. A numerical model is built, combining the phase field method, computational rheology techniques and computational fluid dynamics. The system is capable for calculation of realistic circumstances such as a droplet made of aqueous solution of polymers with moderate relaxation time, impacting a partially wetting surface in ambient air. The work is divided into three flow cases. For the flow case of bifurcation tube, the evolution of the interface and droplet dynamics are compared between viscoelastic fluids and Newtonian fluids. The splitting or non-splitting behavior influenced by elastic stresses is analyzed. For the flow case of dynamic wetting, the flow field and rheological details such as effective viscosity and normal stress difference near a moving contact line are presented. The effects of shear-thinning and elasticity on droplet spreading and receding are analyzed, under inertial and inertialess circumstances. In the last part, droplet impact of both Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids are demonstrated. For Newtonian droplets, a phase diagram is drawn to visualize different impact regions for spreading, splashing and gas entrapment. For viscoelastic droplets, the viscoelastic effects on droplet deformation, spreading radius and contact line motion are revealed and discussed.QC 20160329
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Schaer, Nicolas. "Modélisation des écoulements à surface libre de fluides non-newtoniens." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD033/document.
Abstract:
L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un modèle numérique 3D afin d’étudier le phénomène de laves torrentielles ; écoulements visqueux fortement chargés en matière solide, surgissant en montagne lors d’orages violents. Aujourd’hui, la prévision des zones de vulnérabilité s’appuie sur des outils de calcul 0D, 1D ou 2D. Or ces outils ne peuvent représenter pleinement le comportement à surface libre des écoulements du fait de nombreuses approximations et hypothèses. Ainsi cette thèse met en œuvre un code numérique 3D pour étudier ces écoulements. Ce travail aboutit à la construction d’un modèle 3D à partir de données réelles de terrain. Plusieurs scénarios ont été étudiés et comparés à des résultats issus d’un modèle 2D. Les résultats mettent en évidence les apports non négligeables de la modélisation 3D : zones d’étalement et de dépôt, phénomènes d’encombrement, modélisation fine des écoulements dans les zones chenalisées. Préalablement, le modèle 3D a été validé en comparant les résultats numériques à des données expérimentales issues de la littérature, pour des typologies d’écoulement représentatives de celles observées sur des sites grandeur natureThe objective of this thesis is to develop a 3D numerical model to assess debris flow. These viscous flows, heavily loaded with solid matter, form when heavy rain occurs in mountains. Today, forecasts of potentially impacted areas are based on 0D, 1D and 2D numerical tools. However, these tools cannot fully represent the free surface behaviour of debris flows due to the approximations and assumptions on which they are based. Thus, this work utilises a 3D numerical code to study this phenomenon. A specific model is built with real field data. Several flow scenarios are studied and compared with a 2D numerical model. The results highlight the significant benefits of a 3D approach by providing information on the fine representation of flow dynamics over the catchment area. The model also predicts the impact of debris flow (overflowing on a road bridge) and the zones of deposition and spreading. It highlights possible congestion phenomena and reproduces flows in the channels by fully accounting for parietal friction, capabilities not provided by 2D models. Prior to this application, the 3D model was evaluated with five sets of experimental data to validate its ability to represent viscoplastic flows. Different types of flows are studied and are representative of those observed on real sites when debris flow occur
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Lavarda, Jairo Vinícius. "Convecção natural de fluidos de lei de potência e de Bingham em cavidade fechada preenchida com meio heterogêneo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1306.
Abstract:
CAPESVários estudos numéricos investigaram cavidades fechadas sob o efeito da convecção natural preenchidas com fluidos newtonianos generalizados (FNG) nos últimos anos pelas aplicações diretas em trocadores de calor compactos, no resfriamento de sistemas eletrônicos e na engenharia de polímeros. Neste trabalho é realizada a investigação numérica do processo de convecção natural de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham em cavidades fechadas, aquecidas lateralmente e preenchidas com meios heterogêneos e bloco centrado. O meio heterogêneo é constituído de blocos sólidos, quadrados, desconectados e condutores de calor. Como parâmetros são utilizados a faixa de Rayleigh de 104 à 107, índice de potência n de 0, 6 à 1, 6, número de Bingham de 0, 5 até Bimax , sendo investigado da influência do número de Prandtl para cada modelo de fluido. Nas cavidades com meio heterogêneo são utilizadas as quantidades de blocos de 9, 16, 36 e 64, mantendo-se a razão entre a condutividade térmica do sólido e do fluido κ = 1. Para as cavidades com bloco centrado, são utilizados os tamanhos adimensionais de 0, 1 à 0, 9 com κ = 0, 1; 1 e 10. A modelagem matemática é realizada pelas equações de balanço de massa, de quantidade de movimento e de energia. As simulações são conduzidas no programa comercial ANSYS FLUENT R . Inicialmente são resolvidos problemas com fluidos newtonianos em cavidade limpa, seguida de cavidade preenchida com meio heterogêneo e posteriormente bloco centrado para validação da metodologia de solução. Na segunda etapa é realizada o estudo com os modelos de fluidos de lei de Potência e de Bingham seguindo a mesma sequência. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de linhas de corrente, isotermas e pelo número de Nusselt médio na parede quente. De maneira geral, a transferência de calor na cavidade é regida pelo número de Rayleigh, tamanho e condutividade térmica dos blocos, pelo índice de potência para o modelo de lei de Potência e do número de Bingham para o modelo de Bingham. O número de Prandtl tem grande influência nos dois modelos de fluidos. O meio heterogêneo reduz a transferência de calor na cavidade quando interfere na camada limite térmica para ambos os fluidos, sendo feita uma previsão analítica para o fluido de lei de Potência. Para bloco centrado, a interferência na camada limite com fluido de lei de Potência também foi prevista analiticamente. A transferência de calor aumentou com bloco de baixa condutividade térmica e pouca interferência e com bloco de alta condutividade térmica e grande interferência, para ambos os fluidos.
Many studies have been carried out in square enclosures with generalized Newtonian fluids with natural convection in past few years for directly applications in compact heat exchangers, cooling of electronics systems and polymeric engineering. The natural convection in square enclosures with differently heated sidewalls, filled with power-law and Bingham fluids in addition with heterogeneous medium and centered block are analyzed in this study. The heterogeneous medium are solid, square, disconnected and conducting blocks. The parameters used are the Rayleigh number in the range 104 - 107 , power index n range of 0, 6 - 1, 6, Bingham number range of 0, 5 - Bimax , being the influence of Prandtl number investigated for each fluid model. The number of blocks for heterogeneous medium are 9, 16, 36 and 64, keeping constant solid to fluid conductive ratio, κ = 1. For enclosures with centered block are used the nondimensional block size from 0, 1 to 0, 9, with solid to fluid conductive ratio in range κ = 0, 1; 1 and 10. Mathematical modeling is done by mass, momentum and energy balance equations. The solution of equations have been numerically solved in ANSYS FLUENT R software. Firstly, numerical solutions for validation with Newtonian fluids in clean enclosures are conducted, followed by enclosures with heterogeneous medium and centered block. Subsequently, numerical solutions of power-law and Bingham fluids with same enclosures configurations are conducted. The results are reported in the form of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number at hot wall. In general, the heat transfer process in enclosure is governed by Rayleigh number, size and thermal conductivity of the blocks, power index n for power-law fluid and Bingham number for Bingham fluid. Both fluid models are very sensitive with Prandtl number changes. Heterogeneous medium decrease heat transfer in enclosure when affects thermal boundary layer for both fluid models. One analytical prediction was made for power-law fluid. An increase in heat transfer occurs with low thermal conductivity block and few interference and with high thermal conductivity block and great interference, for both fluids.
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Khahledi, Morakane Charlotte. "Non-Newtonian fluid flow measurement using sharp crested notches." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1038.
Abstract:
Master of Technology: Civil Engineering
In the Faculty of Engineering
At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014Notches, particularly rectangular and V shaped are the cheapest and most common devices used to measure the flow rate of water in open channels. However, they have not been used to measure the flow rate of non-Newtonian fluids. These viscous fluids behave differently from water. It is difficult to predict the flow rate of such fluids during transportation in open channels due to their complex viscous properties. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of extending the application of especially rectangular and V-shaped notches to non-Newtonian fluids. The tests reported in this document were carried out in the Flow Process and Rheology Centre laboratory. Notches fitted to the entrance of a 10 m flume and an in-line tube viscometer were calibrated using water. The in-line tube viscometer with 13 and 28 mm diameter tubes was used to determine the fluid rheology. Flow depth was determined using digital depth gauges and flow rate measurements using magnetic flow meters. Three different non-Newtonian fluids, namely, aqueous solutions of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and water-based suspensions of kaolin and bentonite were used as model non-Newtonian test fluids. From these the coefficient of discharge (Cd) values and appropriate non-Newtonian Reynolds numbers for each fluid and concentration were calculated. The experimental values of the coefficient of discharge (Cd) were plotted against three different definitions of the Reynolds number. Under laminar flow conditions, the discharge coefficient exhibited a typical dependence on the Reynolds number with slopes of ~0.43-0.44 for rectangular and V notches respectively. The discharge coefficient was nearly constant in the turbulent flow regime. Single composite power-law functions were used to correlate the Cd-Re relationship for each of the two notch shapes used. Using these correlations, the Cd values could be predicted to within ±5% for the rectangular and V notches. This is the first time that such a prediction has been done for a range of non-Newtonian fluids through sharp crested notches. The research will benefit the mining and food processing industries where high concentrations of non-Newtonian fluids are transported to either disposal sites or during processing.
33
Dawson, Matthew A. (Matthew Aaron) 1983. "Modeling the dynamic response of low-density, reticulated, elastomeric foam impregnated with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44750.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
Engineering cellular solids, such as honeycombs and foams, are widely used in applications ranging from thermal insulation to energy absorption. Natural cellular materials, such as wood, have been used in structures for millennia. However, despite their extensive use, a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interaction between the interstitial fluid in the cells of the foam and the foam itself has yet to be developed. In this thesis, we explore the dynamic, compressive response of low-density, reticulated, elastomeric foam impregnated with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. To develop tractable analytical models for this complex, non-linear phenomenon, a study is first undertaken on the permeability of foam under deformation. Using these results, a model is developed for the dynamic, uniaxial compressive response of low-density, reticulated, elastomeric foam filled with a viscous Newtonian fluid. This comprehensive model is found to be well approximated by a simpler model, based on the lubrication approximation. Furthermore, in the lubrication limit, a model for the dynamic, uniaxial compressive response of foam filled with a non-Newtonian fluid is also developed. All of the models presented in this thesis are supported by extensive experimental studies. The experiments also suggest that these models are applicable over a wide-range of parameters, such as strain, strain rate, and pore size. Finally, these models are used in two case studies to assess the feasibility of composite structures containing a layer of liquid-filled foam in dynamic loading applications. The first case study focuses on applications in energy absorption with the experimental design of a motorcycle helmet. The second case study focuses on applications in mitigating the effects of blast waves with a parametric study of the design of a blast wall.
(cont.) These studies provide insight into the usefulness of the models and demonstrate that composite structures with a layer of liquid-filled foam have enormous potential in a wide range of dynamic loading applications.
by Matthew A. Dawson.
Ph.D.
34
Nikfarjam, Farhad. "Extension de la méthode LS-STAG de type frontière immergée/cut-cell aux géométries 3D extrudées : applications aux écoulements newtoniens et non newtoniens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0023/document.
Abstract:
La méthode LS-STAG est une méthode de type frontière immergée/cut-cell pour le calcul d’écoulements visqueux incompressibles qui est basée sur la méthode MAC pour grilles cartésiennes décalées, où la frontière irrégulière est nettement représentée par sa fonction level-set, résultant en un gain significatif en ressources informatiques par rapport aux codes MFN commerciaux utilisant des maillages qui épousent la géométrie. La version 2D est maintenant bien établie et ce manuscrit présente son extension aux géométries 3D avec une symétrie translationnelle dans la direction z (configurations extrudées 3D). Cette étape intermédiaire sera considérée comme la clé de voûte du solveur 3D complet, puisque les problèmes de discrétisation et d’implémentation sur les machines à mémoire distribuée sont abordés à ce stade de développement. La méthode LS-STAG est ensuite appliquée à divers écoulements newtoniens et non-newtoniens dans des géométries extrudées 3D (conduite axisymétrique, cylindre circulaire, conduite cylindrique avec élargissement brusque, etc.) pour lesquels des résultats de références et des données expérimentales sont disponibles. Le but de ces investigations est d’évaluer la précision de la méthode LS-STAG, d’évaluer la polyvalence de la méthode pour les applications d’écoulement dans différents régimes (fluides newtoniens et rhéofluidifiants, écoulement laminaires stationnaires et instationnaires, écoulements granulaires) et de comparer ses performances avec de méthodes numériques bien établies (méthodes non structurées et de frontières immergées)The LS-STAG method is an immersed boundary/cut-cell method for viscous incompressible flows based on the staggered MAC arrangement for Cartesian grids where the irregular boundary is sharply represented by its level-set function. This approach results in a significant gain in computer resources compared to commercial body-fitted CFD codes. The 2D version of LS-STAG method is now well-established and this manuscript presents its extension to 3D geometries with translational symmetry in the z direction (3D extruded configurations). This intermediate step will be regarded as the milestone for the full 3D solver, since both discretization and implementation issues on distributed memory machines are tackled at this stage of development. The LS-STAG method is then applied to Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows in 3D extruded geometries (axisymmetric pipe, circular cylinder, duct with an abrupt expansion, etc.) for which benchmark results and experimental data are available. The purpose of these investigations is to evaluate the accuracy of LS-STAG method, to assess the versatility of method for flow applications at various regimes (Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids, steady and unsteady laminar to turbulent flows, granular flows) and to compare its performance with well-established numerical methods (body-fitted and immersed boundary methods)
35
Zhang, Qindan. "Écoulements polyphasiques et phénomènes interfaciaux à multi échelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0110.
Abstract:
Les écoulements polyphasiques couplés aux phénomènes interfaciaux sont largement impliqués dans la nature, notre vie quotidienne et de nombreux procédés industriels. A l’aide des trois techniques différentes, dont une caméra à grande vitesse, un appareil électrique à courant continu ultra-rapide et une micro-vélocimétrie par image des particules à grande vitesse, les écoulements polyphasiques et les phénomènes interfaciaux à différentes échelles ont été étudiés expérimentalement par des approches passives et actives. Les écoulements diphasiques comprenant une phase viscoélastique dans les dispositifs microfluidiques ont été étudiés. Au cours de la formation des gouttelettes, l’écoulement sous forme d’un fil de perles est observé. L’effet de l'élasticité du fluide sur la largeur minimale du col, la longueur maximale du filament et la taille des gouttelettes a été quantifié. Les corrélations prédictives de la taille des gouttelettes ont été optimisées en introduisant les nombres adimensionnels pour caractériser l'élasticité du fluide. Pour l'étirement et la rupture des gouttelettes élastiques, l’influence de l'élasticité sur la transition de l'étirement des gouttelettes à la rupture, la dynamique de l'étirement et de la rupture des gouttelettes ainsi que le rapport de taille des gouttelettes filles a également été étudiée. Une loi de puissance a été proposée pour décrire la longueur maximale d'étirement. Par la suite, la coalescence initiale d'une goutte pendante à une surface liquide de la même nature et l'étalement initial sur une surface solide ont été étudiés. L'appareil électrique ultra-rapide à courant continu avec une vitesse d'échantillonnage de 1,25 × 106 Hz permet de suivre la dynamique de coalescence et d'étalement sur une période aussi courte que 10 µs. La largeur de coalescence croit linéairement avec le temps dans le régime visqueux à inertie limitée et suit une loi de puissance dans le régime inertiel. Les évolutions des champs de vitesse ont été mesurées et calculées par le micro-PIV à grande vitesse avec une cadence jusqu'à 5000 champs de vitesse par seconde, révélant la transformation de l'énergie de surface en énergie cinématique. Par ailleurs, des pics électriques consécutifs avec un intervalle régulier de 20 ms ont été observés lors de l'amincissement et la rupture des filaments des liquides polymères. Enfin, la manipulation active de la goutte de ferrofluide a été réalisée en introduisant un champ magnétique. Des déformations évidentes de la goutte pendante de ferrofluide et de la surface initialement plate du même ferrofluide ont été observées avant le contact, même en l'absence de champ magnétique. Les lois exponentielles ont été proposées pour prédire l'augmentation de la largeur de coalescence avec le temps et la diminution de la largeur de coalescence maximale avec le champ magnétique. Le micro-PIV à grande vitesse a été utilisé avec un fluide modèle transparent pour révéler les champs d'écoulement pendant la coalescence des gouttes de ferrofluide. Les cycles de rupture et de coalescence auto-entretenus des gouttes de ferrofluide ont été observés pour la première fois. Un modèle exponentiel a été proposé pour prédire l'augmentation de la fréquence périodique avec le champ magnétiqueMultiphase flows and interfacial phenomena are widely involved in the natural world, our daily life, and numerous industrial processes. By employing three different techniques including a high-speed camera, an ultra-high-speed Direct Current (DC) electrical device, and a high-speed micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (micro-PIV), the multiphase flows and interfacial phenomena at multiscale were investigated experimentally by both passive and active methods. The flow behaviors of the elastic non-Newtonian two-phase flow in both T-junction and flow-focusing devices were investigated. The fluid elasticity affected the dynamics of droplet formation, stretching and breakup. During the droplet formation, the peculiar beads-on-string flow was observed. The influences of the fluid elasticity on the minimum neck width, the maximum length of the dispersed thread and the droplet size were studied. The predicting models for the droplet size were optimized by introducing the dimensionless parameters to characterize the fluid elasticity. For the stretching and breakup of elastic droplets, the influences of elasticity on the transition from droplet stretching to breakup, the dynamics of droplet stretching and breakup as well as the size ratio of the daughter droplets were also investigated. The power-law models were proposed to predict the maximum stretching length. Subsequently, the initial coalescence of a pendant drop at a liquid surface and the initial spreading on a solid surface were investigated. The ultra-high-speed DC electrical device with the sampling speed of 1.25×106 Hz allows to monitoring the dynamics of coalescence and spreading within 10 µs. The coalescing width expands linearly with time in the inertially limited viscous regime and follows a power law in the inertial regime. The evolutions of the velocity fields during the initial coalescence and spreading were measured and computed by the high-speed micro-PIV with a capturing rate up to 5000 velocity fields per second, revealing the transformation of surface energy to kinetic energy. Besides, the consecutive electrical peaks with a regular interval of 20 ms were observed during the filament thinning of the polymer liquid neck. In addition, the active manipulation of the ferrofluid drop was realized by introducing an external magnetic field. Evident deformations of both the pendant ferrofluid drop and the bulk surface were observed prior to the contact even in the absence of a magnetic field. The exponential laws were proposed to predict the increasing coalescing width with time and the decreasing maximum coalescing width with the magnetic field. A high-speed micro-PIV technique was employed with a transparent model fluid to reveal the flow fields during the ferrofluid drop coalescence. The self-sustained coalescence-breakup cycles of ferrofluid drops were observed for the first time. The exponential model was proposed to predict the increasing periodic frequency with the applied magnetic field
36
Siquieri, Ricardo da Silva. "Análise e implementação de modelos não newtonianos no sistema FreeFlow-2D." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-31072002-102814/.
Abstract:
O presente trabalho consiste em uma extensão do sistema FreeFlow-2D para simular escoamentos de fluidos não newtonianos bidimensionais com superfí cies livres, onde o fluido é descrito pelos modelos de Cross ou o modelo ``power-law\'\'. O método numérico empregado é o método GENSMAC. As equações governantes são aproximadas pelo método de diferenças finitas em uma malha deslocada e partículas marcadoras são utilizadas para a visualização do escoamento e localização da superfície livre. Resultados numéricos são apresentados. Em particular, a presente implementação é validada comparando-se a solução numérica com uma solução analíticaThis work presents an extention of the Freeflow-2D system to non-Newtonian free surface flows. The governing equations are solved by the finite difference method on a staggered grid. Marker particles are used to describe the fluid providing the location and the visualization of the free surface. The methodology employed is based on the GENSMAC method. The fluid is modelled by the Cross and power-law models. Numerical examples are presented. The code is validated by making a comparison between analytical and numerical solutions
37
Ashrafi, Khorasani Nariman. "A low-order dynamical systems approach to nonlinear stability of non-Newtonian fluids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/NQ58114.pdf.
38
Das, Suma Rani. "Investigation of Design and Operating Parameters in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing Simulations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1479151141596147.
39
Searle, Toby William. "Purely elastic shear flow instabilities : linear stability, coherent states and direct numerical simulations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28991.
Abstract:
Recently, a new kind of turbulence has been discovered in the flow of concentrated polymer melts and solutions. These flows, known as purely elastic flows, become unstable when the elastic forces are stronger than the viscous forces. This contrasts with Newtonian turbulence, a more familiar regime where the fluid inertia dominates. While there is little understanding of purely elastic turbulence, there is a well-established dynamical systems approach to the transition from laminar flow to Newtonian turbulence. In this project, I apply this approach to purely elastic flows. Laminar flows are characterised by ordered, locally-parallel streamlines of fluid, with only diffusive mixing perpendicular to the flow direction. In contrast, turbulent flows are in a state of continuous instability: tiny differences in the location of fluid elements upstream make a large difference to their later locations downstream. The emerging understanding of the transition from a laminar to turbulent flow is in terms of exact coherent structures (ECS) — patterns of the flow that occur near to the transition to turbulence. The problem I address in this thesis is how to predict when a purely elastic flow will become unstable and when it will transition to turbulence. I consider a variety of flows and examine the purely elastic instabilities that arise. This prepares the ground for the identification of a three-dimensional steady state solution to the equations, corresponding to an exact coherent structure. I have organised my research primarily around obtaining a purely elastic exact coherent structure, however, solving this problem requires a very accurate prediction of the exact solution to the equations of motion. In Chapter 2 I start from a Newtonian ECS (travelling wave solutions in two-dimensional flow) and attempt to connect it to the purely elastic regime. Although I found no such connection, the results corroborate other evidence on the effect of elasticity on travelling waves in Poiseuille flow. The Newtonian plane Couette ECS is sustained by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. I discover a purely elastic counterpart of this mechanism in Chapter 3, and explore the non-linear evolution of this instability in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5 I turn to a slightly different problem, a (previously unexplained) instability in a purely elastic oscillatory shear flow. My numerical analysis supports the experimental evidence for instability of this flow, and relates it to the instability described in Chapter 3. In Chapter 6 I discover a self-sustaining flow, and discuss how it may lead to a purely elastic 3D exact coherent structure.
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Шудрик, Олександр Леонідович. "Підвищення ефективності використання відцентрових насосів за рахунок вдосконалення математичних моделей робочого процесу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35499.
Abstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.17 – гідравлічні машини та гідропневмоагрегати. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018 р.
Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню важливої науково-технічної задачі підвищення ефективності роботи заглибного електровідцентрового насоса при його роботі на реальній рідині, що представляє собою суміш в'язкої неньютонівської рідини, води та газу, за рахунок вдосконалення математичних моделей. Виконано аналіз концепцій розвитку насособудування в Україні. Описано методи математичного моделювання тривимірних течій в'язкої реальної рідини та їх переваги над фізичними експериментами. Обрано пакет програм для проведення чисельного експерименту в каналах заглибних насосів OpenFOAM. Для моделювання течії рідини в проточній частині насоса використовувалась система рівнянь нерозривності та Навье-Стокса. Для її замикання було обрано k-ε модель турбулентності. Досліджено вплив реологічних властивостей неньютонівських рідин на характеристики відцентрового насоса. Наведено математичну модель турбулентної тривимірної течії неньютонівської рідини. Для розрахунків обрано модель неньютонівської рідини Гершеля-Балклі, що найбільш точно описує поведінку рідин даного типу. Вдосконалено залежності для перерахунку характеристик насосу при його роботі на реальній рідині. Визначено та обрано підхід та математичну модель для моделювання тривимірної течії в'язкої газорідинної суміші та показані особливості при розрахунках такого типу рідин в пакеті OpenFOAM. Розглянуто шляхи підвищення ефективності заглибних насосів шляхом зміни проточної частини. Визначено раціональний кут нахилу вихідної кромки. Запропоновано модифіковану ступінь насоса, котра захищена патентом України, для перекачування рідини з підвищеним вмістом газу. Розглянуто та вдосконалено математичну модель сумісної роботи реальної свердловини та заглибного відцентрового насоса у вигляді пакета прикладних програм. Це дало змогу визначати основні фізичні характеристики рідини в залежності від термодинамічних умов.Thesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical sciences in speciality 05.05.16 – Hydraulic machines and hydropneumatic units. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnic Institute", 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and technical problem of increasing the efficiency of a submersible electric centrifugal pump when it operates on a real liquid, which is a mixture of viscous non-Newtonian fluid, water and gas by improving mathematical models. An analysis of the concepts of development of pumping plant in Ukraine is carried out. The methods of mathematical modeling of three-dimensional flows of a viscous real liquid and their advantages over physical experiments are described. Selected software package for numerical experiment in OpenFOAM submersible pump channels. A system of indeterminate and Navier-Stokes equations was used to simulate the flow of fluid in the flow section of the pump. For its closure a k-ε turbulence model was chosen. The influence of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids on the characteristics of a centrifugal pump is investigated. The mathematical model of the turbulent three-dimensional flow of the non-Newtonian fluid is given. For calculations, a model of the Herschel-Bulkley non-Newtonian fluid is chosen, which most accurately describes the behavior of liquids of this type. The dependencies for the recalculation of the characteristics of the pump during its operation on the real liquid have been improved. The approach and mathematical model for modeling the three-dimensional flow of a viscous gas-liquid mixture are determined and chosen, and features are shown in the calculations of this type of fluid in the OpenFOAM package. The ways of increasing the efficiency of submersible pumps by changing the flow part are considered. The rational angle of inclination of the initial edge is determined. The modified degree of the pump, protected by the Ukrainian patent, is offered for pumping a liquid with an increased gas content. The mathematical model of a compatible operation of a real well and a submersible centrifugal pump in the form of a package of applied programs is considered and improved. This made it possible to determine the basic physical characteristics of the liquid, depending on the thermodynamic conditions.
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Шудрик, Олександр Леонідович. "Підвищення ефективності використання відцентрових насосів за рахунок вдосконалення математичних моделей робочого процесу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35496.
Abstract:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.17 – гідравлічні машини та гідропневмоагрегати. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018 р.
Дисертацію присвячено вирішенню важливої науково-технічної задачі підвищення ефективності роботи заглибного електровідцентрового насоса при його роботі на реальній рідині, що представляє собою суміш в'язкої неньютонівської рідини, води та газу, за рахунок вдосконалення математичних моделей. Виконано аналіз концепцій розвитку насособудування в Україні. Описано методи математичного моделювання тривимірних течій в'язкої реальної рідини та їх переваги над фізичними експериментами. Обрано пакет програм для проведення чисельного експерименту в каналах заглибних насосів OpenFOAM. Для моделювання течії рідини в проточній частині насоса використовувалась система рівнянь нерозривності та Навье-Стокса. Для її замикання було обрано k-ε модель турбулентності. Досліджено вплив реологічних властивостей неньютонівських рідин на характеристики відцентрового насоса. Наведено математичну модель турбулентної тривимірної течії неньютонівської рідини. Для розрахунків обрано модель неньютонівської рідини Гершеля-Балклі, що найбільш точно описує поведінку рідин даного типу. Вдосконалено залежності для перерахунку характеристик насосу при його роботі на реальній рідині. Визначено та обрано підхід та математичну модель для моделювання тривимірної течії в'язкої газорідинної суміші та показані особливості при розрахунках такого типу рідин в пакеті OpenFOAM. Розглянуто шляхи підвищення ефективності заглибних насосів шляхом зміни проточної частини. Визначено раціональний кут нахилу вихідної кромки. Запропоновано модифіковану ступінь насоса, котра захищена патентом України, для перекачування рідини з підвищеним вмістом газу. Розглянуто та вдосконалено математичну модель сумісної роботи реальної свердловини та заглибного відцентрового насоса у вигляді пакета прикладних програм. Це дало змогу визначати основні фізичні характеристики рідини в залежності від термодинамічних умов.Thesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical sciences in speciality 05.05.16 – Hydraulic machines and hydropneumatic units. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnic Institute", 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of an important scientific and technical problem of increasing the efficiency of a submersible electric centrifugal pump when it operates on a real liquid, which is a mixture of viscous non-Newtonian fluid, water and gas by improving mathematical models. An analysis of the concepts of development of pumping plant in Ukraine is carried out. The methods of mathematical modeling of three-dimensional flows of a viscous real liquid and their advantages over physical experiments are described. Selected software package for numerical experiment in OpenFOAM submersible pump channels. A system of indeterminate and Navier-Stokes equations was used to simulate the flow of fluid in the flow section of the pump. For its closure a k-ε turbulence model was chosen. The influence of rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids on the characteristics of a centrifugal pump is investigated. The mathematical model of the turbulent three-dimensional flow of the non-Newtonian fluid is given. For calculations, a model of the Herschel-Bulkley non-Newtonian fluid is chosen, which most accurately describes the behavior of liquids of this type. The dependencies for the recalculation of the characteristics of the pump during its operation on the real liquid have been improved. The approach and mathematical model for modeling the three-dimensional flow of a viscous gas-liquid mixture are determined and chosen, and features are shown in the calculations of this type of fluid in the OpenFOAM package. The ways of increasing the efficiency of submersible pumps by changing the flow part are considered. The rational angle of inclination of the initial edge is determined. The modified degree of the pump, protected by the Ukrainian patent, is offered for pumping a liquid with an increased gas content. The mathematical model of a compatible operation of a real well and a submersible centrifugal pump in the form of a package of applied programs is considered and improved. This made it possible to determine the basic physical characteristics of the liquid, depending on the thermodynamic conditions.
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Gnambode, Sourou. "Simulation des grandes échelles des transferts thermo-convectifs dans les écoulements turbulents d'un fluide non-Newtonien en conduite cylindrique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1143/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse est une contribution à la simulation numérique des transferts de quantité de mouvement et de chaleur dans les écoulements turbulents de fluides non-Newtoniens dans une conduite cylindrique fixe. La viscosité du fluide utilisé est décrite par la loi d'Ostwald de Waele. Deux modèles sous-mailles dans l'approche des simulations des grandes échelles ont été considérés : le modèle dynamique de Germano et al. (1991) et le modèle de Smagorinsky non-Newtonien. Ils sont utilisés pour décrire les mécanismes physiques mis en jeu dans les écoulements isothermes de ces fluides à rhéologie complexe. Les transferts thermiques sont simulés avec le modèle de Smagorinsky non-Newtonien. Ces derniers sont traités en deux parties. La première concerne les échanges de chaleur sans influence sur la distribution des vitesses. Il s'agit des écoulements non-thermo dépendants ou écoulements isothermes. La deuxième partie concerne la résolution des écoulements thermo dépendants qui mettent l'accent sur les modifications induites par le couplage vitesse-température. Les champs turbulents sont analysés statistiquement en moyennant dans le temps et dans l'espace (suivant les directions périodiques) les champs instantanés de vitesse et de température pour établir les profils moyens de vitesse et de température, les rms, la tension de Reynolds, les flux de chaleur, les moments d'ordre plus élevé (coefficients de dissymétrie et d'aplatissement), les pdf (fonction de densité de probabilté), les jpdf (fonction de densité de probabilité jointe), le coefficient de frottement, le nombre de Nusselt... Ces différentes grandeurs sont analysées en fonction des divers paramètres qui gouvernent le problème: les nombres de Reynolds et de Prandtl, l’indice d'écoulement et le nombre de PearsonThis thesis is a numerical contribution of momentum and heat transfer of turbulent pipe flows of non-Newtonian fluids. The apparent viscosity of the fluid is modelled by a power-law (Ostwald de Waele model). Two models subgrid of LES were considered: the dynamic model of Germano et al. (1991) and model Smagorinsky non-Newtonian. They are used to describe the physical mechanisms involved in the isothermal flow of these complex rheology fluids. Heat transfer are simulated with the model of non-Newtonian Smagorinsky. These are processed in two parts. The first concerns the heat exchange without affecting the velocity distribution. This is non-thermo dependent flow or isothermal flow. The second part concerns the resolution of thermo dependent flows that focus on changes induced by the temperature-velocity coupling. The turbulent fields are analyzed statistically by averaging over time and space (according to the periodic directions) the instantaneous field of velocity and temperature to establish the average profiles of velocity and temperature, the root mean square of turbulent fluctuations (rms), Reynolds stress, the heat flow, the moments of higher order (skewness and flatness), the pdf (probability density function), the jpdf (attached probability density function), the coefficient of friction, the number of Nusselt ... These differents variables are analyzed for various parameters governing the problem: the Reynolds and Prandtl flow index and the number of Pearson
43
Feng, Libo. "Numerical investigation and application of fractional dynamical systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/126980/1/Libo_Feng_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis mainly concerns the numerical investigation and application of fractional dynamical systems. Two main problems are considered: fractional dynamical models involving the Riesz fractional operator, such as the time-space fractional Bloch-Torrey equation, and complex viscoelastic non-Newtonian Maxwell and Oldroyd-B fluid models. The two main contributions of the research are the treatment of the Riesz space fractional derivative on irregular convex domains and presenting a unified numerical scheme to solve a class of novel multi-term time fractional non-Newtonian fluid models. A rigorous stability and convergence analysis of the computational models is also established.
44
Chrobák, Jan. "Analýza vlastností provozních kapalin." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219800.
Abstract:
This diploma thesis is focused on introducing the mathematical and physical fundamentals of viskosity, density and refractive index of liquids and methods of its measurement. Based on available literatures specify review of areas in which the measurement of dynamic viscosity is used for evaluation the actual state of liquid materials. Discuss the possibility of using for example variables to determine the concentration of fat in milk and ethanol in alcoholic beverages. The sample of liquid to realize the practical measurements.
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Plan, Emmanuel Lance Christopher VI Medillo. "Retournement, flexion, étirement : particules dans les écoulements laminaires et chaotiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4032/document.
Abstract:
Les particules soumises à un écoulement peuvent manifester des orientations préférées et une variété de déformations en fonction de leur géométrie et élasticité et du champ de vitesse de l'écoulement. A l’inverse, les flux peuvent être modifiés lorsque les contraintes des particules sont non négligeables. Cette thèse présente des résultats théoriques et numériques sur cette relation bilatérale en deux parties. La Ière partie commence par une analyse de stabilité et des simulations numériques qui montrent une particule brownienne semi-flexible dans un écoulement élongationnel effectuant un retournement, un phénomène associé aux flux de cisaillement. Le Chap. 2 étend les outils analytiques dédiés aux modèles simples ou aux flux indépendante du temps pour les modèles perle-barre-bond généraux dans les flux aléatoires. En partant des résultats des chapitres précédents, Le Chap. 3 aboutit à l'étude d'un degré de liberté lagrangien inexploré dans un écoulement turbulent : la flexion. Une particule semi-flexible courbe différemment dans les flux aléatoires bidimensionnels et tridimensionnels. La IIème partie concerne la turbulence élastique, un régime chaotique créé dans un écoulement de faibles forces inertielles par l'ajout de polymères élastiques. Le Chap. 4 estime le nombre de degrés de liberté d'une solution de ce régime via la dimension Lyapunov de l'attracteur du modèle Oldroyd-B bidimensionnel, un modèle connu de reproduire la turbulence élastique dans les simulations numériques. Le Chap. 5 pose des questions sur la nécessité d'élasticité pour produire un régime chaotique et conclut qu'une solution de polymère de barres peut créer un régime comparable à la turbulence élastiqueParticles, when subjected into a flow, may display preferred orientations and a variety of deformations depending on their geometry and elasticity and the flow velocity field. Flows can conversely be modified when the particle stresses are sufficiently large. This thesis presents theoretical and numerical results on this two-way relationship between particles and flows in two parts. Part I starts with a stability analysis and numerical simulations that show a simple semiflexible Brownian particle in an extensional flow undergo tumbling, a phenomenon normally associated to shear flows. Chapter 2 extends analytical tools available only for elementary polymer models or for steady flows to general bead-rod-spring models in random flows. By building on the results from the previous chapters, Chap. 3 culminates with the study of an unexplored Lagrangian degree of freedom in a turbulent flow: bending. A semiflexible particle is shown to display different bending behaviours in two- and three-dimensional random flows. This prediction is confirmed via direct numerical simulations of the particle in a turbulent flow. Part II concerns “elastic turbulence", a chaotic regime created in a flow with low inertial forces by the addition of elastic polymers. Chapter 4 provides an estimate for the number of degrees of freedom of a solution of this chaotic system via the Lyapunov dimension of the attractor of the two-dimensional Oldroyd-B model, a model known to reproduce elastic turbulence in numerical simulations. Chapter 5 questions the necessity of elasticity in producing a chaotic regime and concludes that a rodlike polymer solution can create a regime similar to elastic turbulence
46
Khapre, Akhilesh Prabhakar. "Numerical Study of Mixing of Different Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in Stirred Tank." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6898/1/Akhilesh_Phd__510ch102.pdf.
Abstract:
Mixing has the most common occurrence in process industries like chemical, food and polymer and plays a significant part in overall success of the processes. Stirred tanks are commonly used for mixing various types of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Impeller is the movable part and is used as the rotating device in stirred tank systems for achieving mixing. An impeller while it rotates imparts shear force in the vicinity along the peripheral zone. Literature is rich with information on various experimental and theoretical findings on the hydrodynamics and mixing behaviour of Newtonian fluids in stirred tank systems. However, with non-Newtonian fluids, limited published literature is available on the hydrodynamic behaviour of the mixing process in stirred vessels. A few available experimental works in literatures successfully explained the mixing process in a non-Newtonian system using Rushton turbine (impeller commonly used in industry). But unavailability of the theoretical prediction of the same is basically explains the motivation behind the study on the mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in stirred tank with Rushton turbine.
For mixing highly viscous liquids, helical ribbon impellers are most suited. In this thesis work, it was aimed to study the computational aspects of the hydrodynamic performance of helical ribbon impeller in a highly viscous non-Newtonian system and comparing the results with helical screw ribbon impeller through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Entropy generation minimization study is an integral part of this thesis work. Mostly, the earlier works involve use of analytical expressions from basics of mass, energy and entropy balance which has got certain limitations because of many assumptions. Here, we aimed for a detailed numerical study on the same. Also, the understanding of residence time distribution (RTD) study in a stirred tank system gives an idea on the distribution of flow structure. Although, this particular aspect has been studied by various research groups, however, some of the experimental data are not compared with numerical findings for validation. In this work it was aimed to predict RTD numerically especially by using swept volume of the impeller into consideration.
A computational fluid dynamics study using Ansys Fluent was carried out to determine the mixing performance of a tank stirred with Rushton turbine. The predicted profiles of the velocity components were validated with literature data. The non-parametric Spearman’s rank order test was used to find the interaction of velocity profiles with the impeller Reynolds number and flow behavior index. The characteristic performance parameters such as power number and flow number of the impeller were predicted. The variations of entropy generation due to only viscous dissipation with Reynolds number, tank geometry, etc. were calculated for the isothermal tank. The entropy generation minimization (EGM) approach was used to optimize the performance of the non-isothermal continuous stirred tank with respect to the system parameters like inlet Reynolds number, impeller speed, and impeller clearance and impeller blade width.
The numerical study of the stirred tank with helical ribbon (HR) and helical ribbon with screw (HRS) impellers was carried out successfully. The CFD models were successfully validated with the experimental power number given in literature. The power constant for Newtonian fluid (Kp) and non-Newtonian fluid (Kp(n)) were calculated and compared successfully with the literature data. The Metzner Otto or geometry constant, Ks were computed following four different methods and the best one was identified by predicting successfully the generalized power curve. The flow numbers of HRS impeller were predicted for wide range of impeller Reynolds number. The non-dimensional mixing times were varied in scattered way with impeller Reynolds number, and the dispersive flow away from the impeller shaft was observed. The entropy generations were increased with the impeller Reynolds number, and an empirical model of entropy generation with impeller Reynolds number was developed. The non-isothermal stirred tank with HR and HRS impellers were optimized employing the entropy generation minimization technique.
The hydrodynamic and the residence time distribution (RTD) behavior of the viscous Newtonian fluid was studied using a tracer age distribution function, I(θ). The experimental tracer age distribution functions were predicted by CFD tools using tracer injection and swept volume methods. The predicted results were found in good agreement with the literature data. The mixing behaviour was changed from dispersion to ideal mixing state with increasing the tank Reynolds number and impeller rotations. The mixing performance parameters like holdback, segregation, number of ideal continuous stirred tank in series equivalent to single actual continuous stirred tank were also calculated to identify the necessary flow parameters and their magnitude to obtain the ideal flow distribution in the tank.
47
Barth, William L. Carey Graham F. "Simulation of non-Newtonian fluids on workstation clusters." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1874/barthwl042.pdf.
48
Sekyi, Elorm. "Simulations of agitated dilute non-Newtonian suspensions." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/638.
Abstract:
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2009.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Dec. 10, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Engineering, [Department of] Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.
49
Langner, Jeremy M. "Investigation of non-Newtonian flow in anaerobic digesters." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3852.
Abstract:
This thesis examines how the non-Newtonian characteristics of liquid hog manure affect the flow conditions within a steady-flow anaerobic digester. There are three main parts to this thesis. In the first part of this thesis, the physical properties of liquid hog manure and their variation with temperature and solids concentration are experimentally determined. Naturally¬¬-settled manure sampled from an outdoor storage lagoon is studied, and density, viscosity, and particle size distribution are measured. Hog manure with total solids concentrations of less than 3.6% exhibits Newtonian behaviour; manure between 3.6% and 6.5% total solids is pseudoplastic, and fits the power law; manure with more than 6.5% total solids exhibits non-Newtonian and time-dependent characteristics. The second part of this thesis investigates the flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids—represented by tap water and xanthan gum solution, respectively—within four lab-scale reactor geometries, using residence time distribution (RTD) experiments. The effect of reactor geometry, flow rate, and fluid viscosity are evaluated. In the third part of this thesis, flow conditions within lab-scale and pilot-scale anaerobic digester reactors are simulated using three-dimensional modeling techniques. The RTDs of lab-scale reactors as predicted by the 3D numerical models compare well to the experimental results. The 3D models are also validated using data from particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. Finally, the viscous properties of liquid hog manure at 3% and 8% total solids are incorporated into the models, and the results are evaluated.
50
Barth, William L. "Simulation of non-Newtonian fluids on workstation clusters." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1874.