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1
Subhani and Ahmad. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Cyclone Aila on Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in the Southwestern Coastal Areas of Bangladesh." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 16, 2019): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110482.
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In 2009, the tropical cyclonic storm Aila hit 11 southwestern coastal districts in Bangladesh, which triggered migration. Many studies were conducted on the impact of Aila on southwestern coastal communities; however, no comparative study was done on migrant and non-migrant households. Therefore, this article set out to assess the impact of cyclone Aila on the socio-economic conditions of migrant and non-migrant households. The households that could not cope with the impact, resulting in at least one household member having to migrate to seek an alternative source of income, were considered migrant households. On the other hand, non-migrant households were considered as those where no one migrated. The unit of analysis was the households. The research was conducted in the Koyra and Shymnagar sub-districts of Khulna and Satkhira, respectively. Mixed-method analysis was carried out using quantitative data collected from 270 households through a survey and qualitative data through 2 focus group discussions, 12 key informant interviews, and informal discussions. Data were analyzed through a comparative analysis of the migrant and non-migrant households. The findings showed that migrant households were better equipped to recover from losses in terms of income, housing, food consumption, and loan repayments than non-migrant households. It can be argued that the options of migration or shifting livelihood are better strategies for households when dealing with climatic events. Furthermore, the outcome of this research could contribute to the growing body of knowledge in an area where there are evident gaps. The findings could support policymakers and researchers to understand the impacts of similar climatic events, as well as the necessary policy interventions to deal with similar kinds of climatic events in the future. The study could be useful for developing and refining policies to recover from losses as a result of the same types of climatic events.
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Bahri, Muh Miswar, Ahmad Munir, and Sakaria Anwar. "Policy Analysis of West Papua Provincial Government Regarding Welfare Disparities of Migrants and Non-Migrants." Publik (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi) 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/pjia.10.2.305-318.2021.
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This study aimed to analyze the poverty factors of migrant and non-migrant households through socio-economic variables resulting from the West Papua Province government policy program. The research method used in this study was a quantitative research method using descriptive analysis depicted through diagrams. The data collection method used was secondary data collection derived from the results of the March 2020 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) conducted by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of the study showed that the implementation of West Papua Province government policies had not succeeded in changing the poverty level of the population even though it has the authority as the organizer of special autonomy. Special treatment for non-migrant residents had not been able to eliminate the disparity in the level of welfare between the migrant population. The majority of poor households in West Papua were affected by the age of the head of the household above 60 years, the number of household members more than four people, no health complaints, the education of the head of the household who is mostly below high school, working in the informal sector, living in rural areas and are non-migrant households.
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Dağdemir, Özcan, Zeki Kartal, Rukiye Tinas, and Hüseyin Gürbüz. "The Impact of Migration on Poverty and Income Distribution in a Rural Region in Turkey." Remittances Review 3, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v3i2.570.
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This article aims to explain the impact of migration from Emirdağ − a rural migrant area in Turkey − on poverty and income distribution in the district center and 53 villages. We used the household data in this research, knowing that international remittances are the most important source of income after agriculture in the region. Data were collected from 2841 migrant and non-migrant sample in 1686 households. The differences in the economic conditions of households impacted by migration and remittances were evaluated in reference to their pre-migration status. Migration preferences of households, preferences in the use of remittances and skills in making use of the opportunities brought by migration were determined to be the main variables that influence poverty and income distribution in the district and its villages. The data showed that migration increased the probability that an increase occurs in the income of poor migrant households. Migration also increased the probability that high-income non-migrant households that were not able to make use of the indirect migration opportunities lost income. Migration and remittances are likely to decrease poverty and improve income distribution in favour of middle-income households.
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R, ANUJA A., AMIT KAR, PRAMOD KUMAR, G. K. JHA, R. ROY BURMAN, K. N. SINGH, and SHIVASWAMY G. P. "Pattern and implications of labour migration on technical efficiency of farm households: A study in Bundelkhand region of central India." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 10 (December 4, 2020): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i10.107888.
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Labour migration and remittance influence resource use efficiency in agriculture. The present study evaluates the impact of labour migration on crop productivity and technical efficiency in the Bundelkhand region of central India. The study is based on a primary survey of 240 farm households, comprising 120 migrant and 120 non-migrant households during 2016-17.The average yield of selected crops was higher in non-migrant households than that of migrant households. However, there was no variation in the input use intensity between the two categories.Factors such as education, farming experience, and access to extension services significantly reduced technical inefficiency for migrant households.In addition to these factors, access to irrigation significantly reduced technical inefficiency for non-migrant households. Development of irrigation infrastructure and strengthening extension linkage can enhance crop productivity and check distress migration in the Bundelkhand region.
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Sari, Amelia Puspita. "Pengaruh Remitansi Terhadap Perbedaan Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga di Indonesia dengan Metode Propensity Score Matching." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 8, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jep.v8i2.38.
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There is a common assumption in the literature and policymakers that migrant remittances have an essential role in improving the welfare of migrant households in the regions of origin. Payments play the same position in economic development as foreign direct investment and other capital flows. This study observes international and internal remittances in Indonesia that are being made to contribute to assessing the impact of payments on household welfare. Using longitudinal data from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) from 2000 until 2007 on wave 3 and 4, the study will observe the impact of the development of remittance income on the household accumulated asset as a measure of well-being between recipients and non-recipients. This research uses propensity score matching (PSM) method and difference-in-difference (DID) to measure the revenue impact of remittances on household assets and compare them to non-remittance households. It was found that there are significant differences between the well-being of recipients with non-recipient remittances households.
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Hassan, Md Hashibul. "Comparative Capability of Migrant and Non-Migrant Households: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh." Asian Economic and Financial Review 8, no. 5 (2018): 618–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2018.85.618.640.
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Pokhrel, Pankaj, Shreezal G.C., and Sudhindra Sharma. "Examining the Inter-Linkages of COVID-19, Agricultural Households and Nepal’s Political Economy." Economic Journal of Development Issues 36, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2023): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v36i1-2.63907.
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This study investigates the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nepal's political economy and household economies, focusing on the agricultural sector and remittance dynamics. The primary objective is twofold: first, to analyze the pandemic's impact on Nepal's broader economic landscape using secondary literature, and second, to examine the consequences of outmigration on household economies through primary panel data from 2017 and 2020 surveys. The methodology involves employing a mix of secondary literature analysis and primary panel data from five districts, using OLS and random effects models to evaluate the effects on agricultural yield. The results indicate that the agricultural output of migrant households did not significantly increase post-pandemic, while non-migrant households experienced a notable rise in average agricultural yield. This suggests the resilience of traditional agricultural and food systems during shocks. The study underscores the importance of policies encouraging migrant households to leverage remittances for agricultural productivity and emphasizes the need for long-term strategies to enhance overall economic resilience in the face of global crises.
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Penboon, Benjamas, Aree Jampaklay, Patama Vapattanawong, and Zachary Zimmer. "Migration and absent fathers: Impacts on the mental health of left-behind family members in Thailand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 28, no. 3 (September 2019): 271–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196819876361.
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This paper examines whether children and main caregivers of overseas migrant fathers have fewer or more mental health symptoms compared to those of non-migrant fathers. The sample includes 997 households from the 2008 Child Health and Migrant Parents in South-East Asia project. The mental health measurements are the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Compared to children of non-migrant fathers, those of migrant fathers are more likely to demonstrate conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention. Factors which appear to impact a caregiver's mental health include the physical health status of children, caregiver's education level and household economic status. To reduce the risk of mental health problems on left-behind children, our findings imply the importance of encouraging and educating left-behind families to monitor the children's psychological well-being, especially those in father-migrant families.
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Venkata Anupama, Guvyala, Uttam Kumar Deb, Ma Cynthia Bantilan, and Haragopal Vajjha. "Seasonal Migration and Moving Out of Poverty in Rural India: Insights from Statistical Analysis." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2016.13.2.3.
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Rural households in many countries have used temporary or seasonal migration as a strategy to cope with natural shocks such as drought, means of employment and income generation during lean season, and to move out of poverty. This paper studies the linkages between migration, employment in economic activities, asset accumulation, and poverty reduction among rural households in a droughtprone village of India over the last four decades. The Dokur Village of Mahbubnagar District in Telangana State of India experienced persistent drought over a decade. To cope with this situation, many households of the village temporarily migrated to the nearby and faraway cities. ICRISAT had conducted household surveys in Dokur under the Village Level Studies (VLS) and Village Dynamics Studies (VDS) program since 1975. The present study has used the VLS-VDS dataset (1975–2012) and reorganized sample households into 46 dynasty households. Based on their participation in migration, sample households were grouped into two categories: migrant and non-migrant households. Household income was computed by sources for all households for all the study years. Contribution of migratory income and remittances to the total household income was quantified. To identify the factors responsible for migration decision, probit analysis was carried out. For each year, sample households were grouped into poor and non-poor category using both lower (USD 1.25 ppp per day per person) and upper (USD 2.00 ppp per day per person) poverty line. The study revealed that seasonal out-migration helped many households to come out of poverty even though they had experienced a decade of drought. In-depth analysis of asset accumulation behaviour of the households over time revealed important insights regarding their coping mechanism and the process of moving out of poverty.
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Alleluyanatha, Esther, and Lilian Treasure. "Effect of Youths Remittances on Rural Livelihoods in South Eastern Nigeria." Remittances Review 6, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v6i2.1581.
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This study evaluated the effect of remittances on crop productivity and household welfare in Southeastern, Nigeria. Anambra and Imo states were purposively selected for their high rate in youth migration; and 714 households were used for the study. Data was analyzed using Endogenous treatment effect model. Wealth Index Score was used as a proxy for household welfare. The results of the study showed that employment status, sex of migrant, and age of migrant, sending remittance for buying of agricultural implements as well as paying for school were the major factors that influenced sending of remittances by the youths to the originating households in the study area. Also, the average treatment effect (ATE) of remittances on household welfare was insignificant, implying that there was no significant difference between remittance and non-remittance households. However, the ATE of remittances on crop productivity was significant in the pooled states but not significant in the states. Youths should be encouraged to move into agriculture by removing the bottlenecks associated to agricultural production.
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Purwatiningsih, Sri. "Perilaku Seksual Remaja dan Pengaruh Lingkungan Sosial pada Anak-Anak Keluarga Migran dan Nonmigran." Populasi 27, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.49521.
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Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents is a social problem that needs attention. Premarital sexual behavior is problematic, because it is not balanced with adequate knowledge of reproductive health, so it often results in unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. The social environment is one of the factors that can be a driving factor for adolescent behavior, but on the other hand the social environment can also make behavioral changes. This article will describe adolescent sexual behavior, both for adolescents from migrant and non-migrant households in the CHAMPSEA (Child Health and Migrant Parents in South East Asia) research area in West Java and East Java. Respondents for this article are young adults with a sample of 429 adolescents from migrant and non-migrant households. The results of the study show that as many as 5.07 percent of unmarried adolescents have had premarital sexual relations, which are carried out both by adolescents from migrant and non-migrant households. Based on gender, premarital sexual behavior is more often carried out by girls than boys. While the age of first premarital sexual intercourse is mostly carried out by adolescents aged 18 years (35 percent), which is different from their perceptions of the age of marriage. Whereas based on the social environment of adolescents, there are 28.74 percent of respondents who have friends who have premarital sexual relations, have premarital sexual relations.
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Chaudhary, Deepak. "Influence of Remittances on Socio-Economic Development in Rural Nepal." Remittances Review 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v5i1.820.
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This article analyses socioeconomic changes with reference to income, consumption, expenditure, health, and education of migrant households in relation to remittances flows. This study is based on a case study of Musaharniya village in Rajbiraj Municipality of Saptari District, Province 2, Nepal. It is found that remittances play a vital role in improving the socioeconomic condition, reducing poverty and bringing social and political awareness in the village. Those households whose family members are not abroad are poorer than those with migrant members abroad. Due to increasing incomes, their expenditure capacity has considerably risen over time. All migrant households have owned land whereas one-third of households were landless in the past. Access to modern technologies has significantly increased among remittance recipient households compared to non-remittances households. Remittances were also causing migration from rural to urban centres to some extent.
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Akbar, Muhammad Faisal, and Devi Valeriani. "Migration Activities, Household Characteristic and Child Health in Indonesia." Integrated Journal of Business and Economics 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v6i2.401.
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This paper investigates the impact of household characteristics on child health outcomes in Indonesia using Indonesian family Life Survey. This paper using birth wage, infant mortality and Z score to represent child health. Using Random effect method and random effect probit method, this paper found sending migrant household have larger amount of infant mortality case than non-sending migrant household. According to that findings we know that sending migrant household dominated by families with low incomes. However, we also find food consumption have influence of child health in the families. These results provide a broader view of the economic characteristics of households and their consequences for infant health than is offered by the existing literature.Keywords: The authors are requested to supply 3-5 Keywords, separated by a comma, that can be used for indexing/abstracting purposes.
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Ahmed, Junaid, Mazhar Mughal, and Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso. "They earn and send; we spend: consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 1092–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2017-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze differential consumption patterns of Pakistani migrant households resulting from foreign and domestic remittances. Design/methodology/approach Using the Working-Leser model and a number of matching techniques, the authors analyze a representative household survey carried out in 2010–2011 to compare various expenditure categories of recipient and non-recipient households across different income brackets. Findings Results show that foreign remittances lead to significant consumption changes. Contrary to the widely held view, remittances do not raise the budget share on consumer goods and recreation, while allocation on education increases substantially. Households receiving domestic remittances also reflect strong focus on human capital with significantly higher shares of health and education. Recipients of international transfers living below one dollar a day spend proportionally more on food compared with their non-recipient counterparts whereas their education and health budget shares are not dissimilar. Practical implications The positive effect of remittances on expenditures on human capital coupled with a lack of evidence suggesting an increase in the share of conspicuous spending resulting from remittances highlights the beneficial role that remittances play in a developing country. Originality/value Extant literature lacks consensus on whether migrant remittances should be treated as a temporary or permanent source of household income. In this study, the authors argue and empirically show that the two need not be mutually exclusive, and may co-exist depending on the nature of remittances and household characteristics.
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Sidabutar, Noviyati Valentina, and Chotib Chotib. "HUBUNGAN MIGRASI TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS SARANA SANITASI RUMAH TANGGA DI JAKARTA: ANALISIS DATA MIKRO SUSENAS 2017." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v15i2.534.
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Jakarta's population is influenced by dynamic population growth regarding high migration flows. Migrants can be a resource in urban development and a burden to the environment concerning population density. For instance, problems of housing provision and basic sanitation services. This study aims to identify the relationship of migration on the quality household sanitation facilities level in Jakarta. This study uses multinomial logistic regression as an analytical method by applying three migration relationships models to the quality level of household sanitation facilities. The source for the analysis is Susenas microdata of 2017. Research findings specifically indicate a significant influence of recent migration on the quality level of household sanitation facilities. It confirmed that migrant households who have stayed longer (migrant lifetime and non-migrant recent) have the opportunity to safe sanitation facilities. Similar opportunities apply to recent migrants with characteristics of older age, higher education, and high expenditure. Conversely, this study found the percentage of households within the lowest category that is identical to the lease housing status with improper living conditions. To reduce the number of the latter category, the local government needs preventive planning in dealing with migration flow. Therefore, migrants can have a comfortable life in the city.
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Onyango, Elizabeth Opiyo, Jonathan Crush, and Samuel Owuor. "Migration, Rural–Urban Connectivity, and Food Remittances in Kenya." Environments 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8090092.
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This paper draws on data from a representative city-wide household food security survey of Nairobi conducted in 2017 to examine the importance of food remitting to households in contemporary Nairobi. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the urbanization and rapid growth of Nairobi, which has led to growing socio-economic inequality, precarious livelihoods for the majority, and growing food insecurity, as context for the more detailed empirical analysis of food security and food remittances that follows. It is followed by a description of the survey methodology and sections analyzing the differences between migrant and non-migrant households in Nairobi. Attention then turns to the phenomenon of food remitting, showing that over 50% of surveyed households in the city had received food remittances in the previous year. The paper then uses multivariate logistic regression to identify the relationship between Nairobi household characteristics and the probability of receiving food remittances from rural areas. The findings suggest that there are exceptions to the standard migration and poverty-driven explanatory model of the drivers of rural–urban food remitting and that greater attention should be paid to other motivations for maintaining rural–urban connectivity in Africa.
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Islam, Mohammad Mainul, Sayema Haque Bidisha, Israt Jahan, Md Biplob Hossain, and Tanveer Mahmood. "Effects of Remittances on Health Expenditure and Treatment Cost of International Migrant Households in Bangladesh." Making of Contemporary Maldives: Isolation, Dictatorship and Democracy 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52823/xfry1732.
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The Bangladesh economy is characterized by remarkable progress in international migration, resulting in a considerable inflow of remittance. Although many studies have attempted to study the effect of foreign remittances on household expenditure patterns, no effort has been made to critically analyze the effects and implications of migration and remittance flow on migrant households’ health expenditure. This article attempts to explore the effect of remittance on the health expenditure of remittance recipient households (RRHs) and the impact of the cost of treatment. Descriptive and regression analyses and standard micro-econometric techniques were applied by analyzing the nationally representative household data set of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 of Bangladesh. Results show that RRHs are more likely to spend more on health matters and more likely to have higher treatment costs than non-recipient households. Thus, remittances are significantly associated with health expenditure and the cost of treatment. International migration seems to be a household strategy characterized by a high expected return.
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Sukamdi and Anna Marie Wattie. "Tobacco Use and Exposure among Children in Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in Java, Indonesia." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 447–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681302200307.
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Ivlevs, Artjoms. "Remittances and informal work." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 1172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2015-0117.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of remittances on informal employment in the migrants’ countries of origin, looking both at the remittance-receiving and non-migrant households. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a large survey conducted in six transition economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the determinants of three labour market outcomes – not working, working formally and working informally – are estimated in a multinomial probit model. The endogeneity of remittances is dealt with instrumental variables following the two-stage residual inclusion technique. To assess possible impact of remittances on non-migrant households, conditional correlations between the labour market outcomes of non-migrant households and the region-level share of remittance receivers are obtained. Findings Both correlational and instrumental variable analyses suggest that that receiving remittances increases the likelihood of working informally. At the regional level, high prevalence of remittances is associated with a higher likelihood of informal work among the non-migrant households. Migration and remittances may thus be contributing to informal employment in migration-sending countries. Research limitations/implications The empirical analysis is based on cross-sectional data, which do not allow isolating the effects of unobserved respondent heterogeneity. To deal with this issue, future research could use panel data. Originality/value The study explicitly considers the effects of remittances on formal and informal employment of remittances receivers as well as people who do not receive remittances. It advances the understanding of what drives informality in developing and transition economies.
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Chen, Rui, and Li Zhou. "Parental Migration and Psychological Well-Being of Children in Rural China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158085.
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This paper empirically analyzes the impact of parental migration on the psychological well-being of children using ordered probit models based on a survey conducted among 1680 primary school students and their parents in Majiang County, Guizhou Province, China in 2020. The findings are as follows. First, compared with having no migrant parents, having two migrant parents significantly reduces the psychological well-being of children and having one migrant parent has no significant effect. Second, mediation analysis shows that parental migration reduces child depression by increasing household absolute and relative incomes. It also increases depression and reduces the subjective happiness of children by reducing parental discipline. However, it has no significant impact on parent–child interactions. Third, by dividing the sample by absolute and relative poverty, we find that the effect of parental migration on the psychological well-being of children varies with household economic conditions. Comparatively speaking, children from poor households are more affected by parental migration in terms of depression, whereas children from non-poor households are more affected by parental migration in terms of subjective happiness. This paper examines the transmission mechanism between parental migration and the psychological well-being of children, provides a perspective of household economic conditions for child psychology and offers useful insights for family education and government policymaking in this area.
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Fitawek, Wegayehu, and Sheryl Hendriks. "Evaluating the Impact of Large-Scale Agricultural Investments on Household Food Security Using an Endogenous Switching Regression Model." Land 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030323.
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This study set out to estimate the effects of large-scale agricultural investments (LSAIs) on household food security in one community each in Kenya, Madagascar and Mozambique. An endogenous switching regression model was adopted to control for a possible selection bias due to unobserved factors. It was found that households with members employed by large-scale agricultural investment companies were more likely larger households headed by younger migrant males holding smaller plots and fewer livestock than non-engaged households. The endogenous switching regression results confirmed the presence of both a positive and negative selection bias. In general, the results showed that households with a member employed by an LSAI enjoyed better household food security, higher dietary diversity, better food consumption scores and more adequate household food provisioning. Households without employed members could also enjoy these benefits should the LSAIs employ their members. However, the seasonal nature and low wages paid by LSAI may only support the purchase of food and not facilitate savings and investments to significantly improve food security.
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John, Raju. "A Panel Data Analysis of Relationship between Migration and Inequality." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 6, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277975216678358.
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In this article, the relationship between migration and inequality in India is analyzed on the basis of an understanding of the role of migration in creating inequalities in the economy and society of the state of Kerala. The Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, conducts periodic Kerala Migration Surveys (KMSs) to monitor the current status of emigration from and return emigration to the state of Kerala. This data set is used to discover the dynamics of migration–inequality relationship in the state. The results of the study suggest that migration causes inequalities in mobility between migrant and non-migrant households and between different types of migrant households.
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Link, Ann-Christine, Yuanzao Zhu, and Raphael Karutz. "Quantification of Resilience Considering Different Migration Biographies: A Case Study of Pune, India." Land 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111134.
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Urbanization proceeds globally and is often driven by migration. Simultaneously, cities face severe exposure to environmental hazards such as floods and heatwaves posing threats to millions of urban households. Consequently, fostering urban households’ resilience is imperative, yet often impeded by the lack of its accurate assessment. We developed a structural equation model to quantify households’ resilience, considering their assets, housing, and health properties. Based on a household survey (n = 1872), we calculate the resilience of households in Pune, India with and without migration biography and compare different sub-groups. We further analyze how households are exposed to and affected by floods and heatwaves. Our results show that not migration as such but the type of migration, particularly, the residence zone at the migration destination (formal urban or slum) and migration origin (urban or rural) provide insights into households’ resilience and affectedness by extreme weather events. While on average, migrants in our study have higher resilience than non-migrants, the sub-group of rural migrants living in slums score significantly lower than the respective non-migrant cohort. Further characteristics of the migration biography such as migration distance, time since arrival at the destination, and the reasons for migration contribute to households’ resilience. Consequently, the opposing generalized notions in literature of migrants either as the least resilient group or as high performers, need to be overcome as our study shows that within one city, migrants are found both at the top and the bottom of the resilience range. Thus, we recommend that policymakers include migrants’ biographies when assessing their resilience and when designing resilience improvement interventions to help the least resilient migrant groups more effectively.
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Shang, Chunrong. "RURAL MARRIED WOMEN’S NON-AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ LAND SUBCONTRACTING." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i2.1428.
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Rural households’ land subcontracting is analyzed in this paper based on the survey of rural migrant workers from Guangdong and Jiangsu, finding that the labor migration mode of “migrant couples going out to work together” (men workers and women workers) has improved the lagging non - agricultural employment of rural women to a certain extent. Non - agricultural employment of men does not necessarily lead to the transfer of land that achieves an increase with the increase of non - agricultural employment of married women. As a result, the original family division (“men to work while women to farm”) is evolved into the intergenerational division (“men and women to work while the elderly to farm”). The agricultural labor supply from the elderly is an important factor influencing rural households’ concurrent business, while the lack of strong labor will become an important reason for the transfer of land. The agricultural feminization and rural households’ concurrent business will decline with an increase in non-agricultural employment of married women. The differentiation of rural households and the development of rural land-transfer market will be further promoted due to the improvement of non-agricultural employment of married women.
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Akhter, Nahid, and M. A. Baqui Khalily. "An Analysis of Mobile Financial Services and Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Human Development 14, no. 2 (August 2020): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703020946706.
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In a short span of time, starting in 2011, mobile financial services (MFSs) have burgeoned in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the developing world. MFSs have brought about major changes in financial products and institutional structures in the financial services market. The study of Bangladesh’s experience with MFS shows that financial inclusion has greatly improved along with efficiency of provision. This article shows that the probability of using MFSs by a household increases by about 43 per cent if the households have temporary domestic migrant members. Female household heads are less likely to use MFS compared to male household head. Out of 1,588 micro merchants in the sample, around 30 per cent have access to MFSs. Individuals engaged in the non-agriculture sector, those from households with the head having higher education, those from non-poor households and those from urban areas have higher probabilities of MFS use. But more research must be done to design appropriate MFS products for the poor, so that they too can also leverage the benefits of MFSs.
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Hossain, Munshi lsrail. "Covid-19 Induced Exacerbated Problems and the Vicious Circle of Migrants’ Household Poverty in Bangladesh: A Case Study." Asian Review of Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (November 5, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2021.10.2.2860.
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Before the Covid-19 current migrant workers who worked in informal sector encountered multiple problems in their host countries while the majority of returning and the aspirant migrants also encountered multiple problems in their origin countries. Within these problems a majority of them reduced poverty and led improved living standards. This article has tried to explore an association between the accelerated problems induced by the Covid-19 and migrant households’ poverty through the application of ‘vicious circle of poverty’ approach developed by Ragnar Nurkse (1953). It finds that the Covid-19 has rigorously affected the informal employment sector of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the Southeast Asian countries - two major hubs of Bangladeshi migrant workers - where mainly unskilled and low-skilled migrant workers are employed. The migrants who are already employed in informal sector have acutely faced job loss, underpayment, non-payment, accommodation, health, etc. related problems while the returning and the aspirant migrants have also acutely faced unemployment, underemployment, financial crisis, debt, etc. that they faced before the pandemic but did not face acutely. Due to acute problems, remittance inflows to the current and the returning migrants’ household have significantly been reduced which has propelled migrant households’ members to take loan and sell distressed assets in maintaining Covid-19 induced livelihoods and paying previous debt, and thus the majority of migrants’ household have fallen in a vicious circle of poverty. The aspirant migrants have also fallen in a circle of poverty as they have spent a substantial amount of money for migration but failed to migrate and earn. To reduce poverty incidence of migrants’ household and protect them from falling into poverty in future the article has identified some issues and suggested policy strategies of each issue.
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Setiadi, Setiadi, and Sita Hidayah. "Subjective Well-Being Amongst Older Women from Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in Rural Java, Indonesia." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (June 14, 2021): 459–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.029.
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This study explored how older women living in rural Java in Yogyakarta, Indonesia construct their subjective well-being. This study identified access, control, and physical and social resources available for older adults in their daily life and, afterward, juxtaposes these factors with the socioeconomicstatus and culture of rural societies in Java that support elderly resilience. This study assumed there are both differences and similarities in control of those resources leading to the subjective well-being in rural Java. This research utilized subjective well-being theory to examine how older women from varied family backgrounds adapt to the challenges of older age. Two types of households were selected: older persons with migrating children and older persons with non-migrating children. This study used qualitative methods through participatory observations and in-depth interviews. In the end, this research revealed that subjective well-being is influenced heavily by family relations. This study showed the limit and the lack of government measurement of well-being from an isolated individual economic and social welfare status. It was argued that subjective well-being requires the active involvement of society and self-responsibility to keep older adults healthy and resilient in older ages, both at the individual and community level.
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Ahmed, MT, H. Bhandari, PU Gordoncillo, CB Quicoy, and GP Carnaje. "Factors affecting extent of rural livelihood diversification in selected areas of Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37419.
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The study was carried out to investigate the patterns and extent of livelihood diversification in rural Bangladesh. It also identified the major factors affecting extent of livelihood diversification. The study drew a random sample of 500 rural farm households in Bangladesh through a multi-stage sampling technique. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical techniques. The results showed that remittance contributed the highest to the household income followed by petty business and rice farming. The estimated values of Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) showed that majority of the rural households had “medium” and “high” level diversified livelihood activities. Tobit regression analysis found that gender of the household head, household size and amount of credit had positive and significant effects; and number of migrant household member, dependency ratio, household assets, education of the household head and amount of savings had negative but significant effects on the extent of livelihood diversification. The small and medium landholding households were more likely to diversify their livelihoods compared to the functionally landless and large landholding households. The study recommended that non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to combat poor households' vulnerability to shocks and income fluctuations. Functionally landless households should be given more attention to increase and diversify their incomes.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 7-21 (2018)
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Griffith, David. "Social Organizational Obstacles to Capital Accumulation Among Returning Migrants: The British West Indies Temporary Alien Labor Program." Human Organization 45, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.45.1.12215l5310615778.
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Recent research on return migration has undermined the idea that international labor migration serves as a vehicle for economic development in labor-sending countries. This has led to the ascendance of a view of international labor migration as yet another form of exploitation of poor nations by wealthy nations, as migrants fail to accumulate capital enough to free themselves and their replacement generations from the migrant stream. This paper examines Jamaicans who migrate to the U.S. seasonally and annually to harvest sugar cane in south Florida and apples in the Northeast. It compares their capital holdings and primary economic activities in Jamaica with other Jamaicans who have not had the opportunity to migrate to the U.S. to work. These comparisons reveal few significant differences between the migrant and non-migrant groups and suggest that seasonal migration to the U.S. generally does not result in capital accumulation among the returning migrants. The lack of capital accumulation among the majority of the migrants is then explained by reference to their temporal and structural positions within and between peasant households in Jamaica, and their obligations to those households. Also discussed are those cases of migrants who, as the households to which they are obligated change over time, have been able to accumulate small-scale capital with their U.S. earnings. This paper contributes to the refinement of the use of the household as a unit of analysis in international labor migration studies.
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Castañeda, José, Graciela Caire-Juvera, Sergio Sandoval, Pedro Alejandro Castañeda, Alma Delia Contreras, Gloria Elena Portillo, and María Isabel Ortega-Vélez. "Food Security and Obesity among Mexican Agricultural Migrant Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214171.
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Mexican migrant farm workers are one of the poorest and most marginalized social groups within the country. They face the double burden of malnutrition, food insecurity, as well as harsh living and labor conditions. Objective: To examine the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and obesity in a population of migrant farm workers in highly modernized agribusiness areas of Northwest Mexico. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a concentric (site) (n = 146 households) and systematic selection of participants (adult men and women). Methods included questionnaires regarding socio-demographic characteristics, food security, diet (two non-consecutive 24-h recalls), and physical activity (PA). Anthropometric data included height, weight, and waist circumference. Data analysis covered descriptive statistics, multivariate linear and logistic regression. Results: Sample showed 75% prevalence of overweight and obesity, while 87% of households reported some level of HFI. Mild HFI resulted in five times more probability of farm workers’ obesity (OR = 5.18, 95% CI: 1.37–19.58). However, there was a protective effect of HFI for obesity among men (OR 0.089, 95% CI: 0.01–0.58) in a context of intense labor-related PA. Conclusion: There is a difference by gender in the relationship of HFI with obesity prevalence related perhaps to the energy expenditure of male agricultural migrant workers.
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Mukhtar, Umar, Zhangbao Zhong, Beihai Tian, Amar Razzaq, Muhammad Naseer, and Tayyaba Hina. "Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 4281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114281.
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Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential estimation methods for the empirical analysis. The study provides new insights for migration in Pakistan. First, migrant workers are better off in their new urban settings in terms of improved incomes and living conditions, but their social protection status is still poor. Second, the results of the employment quality models show that migration is a successful strategy for rural households to improve the quality of their employment. In addition, the characteristics of migrants and native households affect the relative improvement in the quality of employment and migrants’ conditions. Third, the results of the propensity score matching technique suggest that migration has a positive impact on rural households’ income, and these impacts are more pronounced in large cities. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should invest in quality education in rural areas, and ensure that social security schemes are provided for migrant workers in urban areas.
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Villalobos-Rodelo, Juan José, Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez, Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa, Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez, Mariana Mora-Acosta, América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola, María de Lourdes Márquez-Corona, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, and Gerardo Maupomé. "Experience and Prevalence of Dental Caries in 6 to 12-Year-Old School Children in an Agricultural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study." Children 8, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020099.
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Objective: To describe the experience and prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years belonging to agricultural manual worker households. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of schoolchildren: One considered “children of agricultural worker migrant parents” (n = 157) and the other “children of agricultural worker non-migrant parents” (n = 164). Epidemiological indices for dental caries were calculated for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions, and compared in terms of age, sex, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). Two binary logistic regression models for caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentitions were generated in Stata. Results: For primary dentition, we observed the following dmft index: Non-migrants = 1.73 ± 2.18 vs. migrants = 1.68 ± 2.14. Additionally, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 59.1% vs. migrants = 51.3%. For permanent dentition, we observed the following DMFT index: Non-migrants = 0.32 ± 0.81 vs. migrants = 0.29 ± 0.95. Further, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 17.6% vs. migrants = 12.8%. No differences were observed for either dentition (p > 0.05) in caries indices and their components or in caries prevalence. When both caries indices (dmft and DMFT) were combined, the non-migrant group had a higher level of caries experience than the migrant group (p < 0.05). No relationship (p > 0.05) with migrant status was observed in either multivariate models of caries prevalence. However, age did exhibit an association (p < 0.05) with caries. Only the plaque component of SOHI was associated (p < 0.05) with caries in permanent dentition. Conclusions: Although over half of school children from agricultural manual worker households had caries in either or both dentitions and a considerable proportion were untreated lesions, the prevalence levels were somewhat lower than other reports from Mexico in similar age groups. No statistically significant differences were found in caries experience or prevalence in either dentition between non-migrant and migrant groups.
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Etim, Nsikak-Abasi A., Dorothy Thompson, Ubong A. Asa, and Ubong A. Asa. "Migrant Remittances and Agricultural Production Under Climate Change: Evidence From Rural Households in Nigeria." Arts and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-assj-0202-13-23/euraass.
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Majority of Nigeria’s rural poor especially smallholder farmers who rely on agricultural production for their subsistence face considerable difficulties in increasing productivity due to the adverse impact of changes in climate. But migrant remittance has become an important part of the strategy for rural households to cope with negative environmental consequences through reduction in vulnerability to climate variability, improvement in livelihood and expansion in production. An empirical study to measure the impact of migrant remittances on small holder agricultural production was conducted. Through the multistage sampling technique, 120 smallholder farmers were selected and data were collected using questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis based on Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the impact of migrant remittance on agricultural production. Result of the analysis revealed that the most critical factors which positively and significantly (p<0.05) influenced the output of remittance receiving households were education, experience, farm size and labour. Findings also showed that the same covariates also influence output of non-remittance receiving households. Policies to increase the inflow of remittances to poorer households engaging in agricultural production would be a rational decision.
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Imran, Kashif, Evelyn S. Devadason, and Cheong Kee Cheok. "Developmental Impacts of Remittances on Migrant-Sending Households: Micro-Level Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of South Asian Development 14, no. 3 (December 2019): 338–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174119887302.
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This article analyzes the overall and type of developmental impacts of remittances for migrant-sending households (HHs) in districts of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, an HH-based human development index is constructed based on the dimensions of education, health and housing, with a view to enrich insights into interactions between remittances and HH development. Using high-quality data from a HH micro-survey for Punjab, the study finds that most migrant-sending HHs are better off than the HHs without this stream of income. More importantly, migrant HHs have significantly higher development in terms of housing in most districts of Punjab relative to non-migrant HHs. Thus, the government would need policy interventions focusing on housing to address inequalities in human development at the district-HH level, and subsequently balance its current focus on the provision of education and health.
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Mishra, Manamaya. "Effects of Foreign Labour Migration on Emigrants Households." Patan Pragya 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30453.
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Migration is a never ending issue in the world. This change of thinking about migration is drawn from the understanding that migration, if well managed, may generate important gains for both the host countries and the migrants’ countries of origin. Indeed, there is by now a growing consensus in policy circles that the management of the accelerating globalization process – including effective domestic adjustment posed by it necessitates a coherent approach to policymaking as well as increased co-operation with global partners. Gains tend to become more diffused within sending countries when labour markets are integrated; segmentation, either due to inadequate infrastructure or cultural and ethnic barriers, can restrict gains within migrant communities and might increase relative deprivation of non- migrant ones.
However, there exist cases are inequality -depending on which group the migrants are labour depletion. Moreover, migration may have both positive and negative social effects in terms of children’s education and health depending on changes in family composition and the role of women within the family and society. Remittance flows do benefit both the migrants’ households and the non recipient ones through multiplier effects of spending.
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Chen, Joyce J. "Identifying non-cooperative behavior among spouses: Child outcomes in migrant-sending households." Journal of Development Economics 100, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.06.006.
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Kan, Viktoriya, and Boidurjo Mukhopadhyay. "The Role of Migration in Women Entrepreneurship and Empowerment: Evidence from Nigeria." JWEE, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2022): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.12.pp187-212.
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The research examines the relationship between the migration of men and the empowerment of women who remain in the households. The study looks at Nigeria – a Sub-Saharan African country with the highest migration outflows and prevalent gender inequality. The core research question is to examine whether the migration of men affects the entrepreneurship and empowerment of Nigerian women. For the purpose of this study, private entrepreneurship will state the employment status of women from both migrant and non-migrant households while the amount of housework and degree of decision-making power will constitute empowerment. The data is obtained from Nigerian General Household Survey 2018-2019. The sample used in the current analysis consists of 12,199 women, 15 years and older. The Ordinary Least Squares model is applied to assess the changes men’s migration might bring to housework of women who remain in the household. Logit regression addresses the entrepreneurship and decision-making power of Nigerian women. Probit regression serves as a robustness check for Logit, and as a separate econometric model. The findings generally support the pre-experiment expectations: migration of men decreases the amount of housework of Nigerian women, encourages them to run businesses, but reduces their decision-making power.
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Mishra, Manamaaya. "After Covid-2019 Pandemic: Returnee Migrants' Economy Management on Their Household." Patan Pragya 10, no. 01 (December 31, 2022): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v10i01.50641.
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This paper is based on returnee migrants' economic management of their households of ward no. 4 in Gauradaha municipality, Jhapa district. The objectives of this paper are to identify the returnee migrants' economic management of their households and to find out the used of their remittances after the COVID pandemic. The paper used a descriptive and analytical research design with the primary source of data method. The study selected 247 households and 163numbers of forms filled up within one month and used the purposive sampling method (non-probability sampling. These data are analyzed through frequency distribution, cross table and the main output. The paper concludes that the majority of international labour migrants seek better income in cities, job seeking on forced idleness during the part of year and services. They are compelled to send their husbands and sons to gulf countries to earn for the subsistence of the households. After returning, the foreign migrant workers to the homeland by the cause of theCOVID-19 pandemic increase the household workloads the financial problems day by day, when they stay in foreign countries improving their economic status from household to community basis level. However, they have the difficulty in getting government services characterized with corruption like nepotism, favoritism and briberies to secure jobs. Low-paid work and illegal transfer, employment discrimination with respect to colour, age, sex, ethnicity, religion and others are major problems facing migrant workers. Although they are trying to engage different types of income generation works or self-employment t at the different local levels, it is necessary for the developing countries to solve these problems.
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Purwatiningsih, Sri. "International Migration and Aspirations among Young People: Who Desires to Migrate?" Populasi 29, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.71689.
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The dispatch of migrant workers from Indonesia is still quite high. Efforts to improve socio- economic status are still motivated by high rates of migration. Children left by migrant parents experience a greater emotional burden due to parenting issues. This study attempts to examine the aspirations of children and adolescents left by migrant parents based on data from the Child Health and Migrant Parents in South East Asia (CHAMPSEA) study. Analytical descriptive was used to describe children’s aspirations towards migrations on migrant and non-migrant households. This study found that children gave a bad perception when mothers had to migrate. Emotional closeness between children and mothers makes the children feel sad when being left by parents. However, once the children’s desire to migrate, especially in the ‘young adult’ group of children is precisely high. Having seen by sex, boys have a higher desire to migrate than women.
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SELLERS, Samuel, Richard BILSBORROW, Victoria SALINAS, and Carlos MENA. "Population and development in the Amazon: A longitudinal study of migrant settlers in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201602663.
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ABSTRACT This paper examines changes over time for a full generation of migrant settlers in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA). Data were collected from a 2014 household survey covering a subsample of households surveyed previously in 1990 and 1999. We observed changes in demographic behavior, land use, forest cover, and living conditions. As the frontier develops, human fertility is continuing to decline with contraceptive prevalence rising. Meanwhile, out-migration from colonist households, largely to destinations within the region, persists. More households have secure land tenure than in 1999, and are better off as measured by possession of assets. There is continued growth in pasture, largely at the expense of forest. Farms still serve as an important livelihood source for families, though growing cities in the NEA are creating more non-agricultural economic opportunities. Our findings provide a snapshot of demographic, economic, land use, and livelihood changes occurring in the NEA during the past quarter century, providing useful information for policymakers seeking to balance economic and environmental goals in order to promote sustainable development as well as protect biodiversity.
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Hu, Weijie. "A family-based approach to public rental housing in Chongqing, China: a perspective of rural migrant households." Town Planning Review: Volume ahead-of-print ahead-of-print (August 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2022.13.
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Since 2010, the city of Chongqing in south-western China has built 40 million square metres of public rental housing, responding to China’s New Urbanisation Plan. Due to its emphasis on massive provision and the role played by the state, public rental housing in Chongqing has attracted considerable attention. Yet few studies have examined the effects of this scheme on household strategies and experiences from the perspective of rural migrant families. The results of 120 semi-structured interviews with rural migrants show that they tend to adopt a family-based approach to maximise their households’ economic and non-economic interests when considering resettling.
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Arif, G. M. "Reintegration of Pakistani Return Migrants from the Middle East in the Domestic Labour Market." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i2pp.99-124.
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This study aims, first, to assess unemployment levels among both return migrants and non-migrants and, second, to examine the reintegration pattern of returnees in the domestic labour market. The study has used three data sets: the 1980 PIDE/World Bank Survey of Return Migrant Households, the 1986 ILO/ARTEP Survey of Return Migrant Households, and the 1991 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey. The results show that unemployment rates are much higher among return migrants than among non-migrants. Although this difference has narrowed with the passage of time, even among those who returned to Pakistan at least 18 months prior to the surveys, more than 10 percent of workers are unemployed. The multivariate analysis further shows that returnees, irrespective of the period elapsed since their return, are more likely to be unemployed than non-migrants. With respect to the reintegration pattern of return migrants, the study reveals that the variables indicating their human capital such as occupation and premigration and during-migration work experience appear to have greater influence on their re-absorption than the variables related to economic positions such as savings. The possibility is that unemployed returnees can not save enough from their overseas earnings to become self-employed. Provision of credit for self-employment seems to be the right way to accommodate these workers. The study also shows that the majority of workers who are able to find employment on return are satisfied with their post-return jobs and income levels, suggesting their successful reintegration in the domestic labour market.
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Chen, Zhe, Apurbo Sarkar, Md Shakhawat Hossain, Xiaojing Li, and Xianli Xia. "Household Labour Migration and Farmers’ Access to Productive Agricultural Services: A Case Study from Chinese Provinces." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100976.
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Household labour migration experiences may have a staggering impact within developing countries, especially in dynamic societies like China, where labour migration is obvious. The present study’s objective is to investigate whether household labour migration contributes to the probability of farmers’ access to productive agricultural services. The study’s empirical setup is comprised of household survey data of 541 farmers in Shaanxi, Henan, and Sichuan provinces. The study proposes a counterfactual model to evaluate the average processing effect of an urban migrant with the help of the endogenous transformation of the Probit model. The results show that labour migration for work directly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services and indirectly affects farmers’ access to productive agricultural services through three channels: labour input, land transfers, and planting structure adjustments. The study further confirms that labour migration for work has a significant heterogeneity in the probability of obtaining productive agricultural services for farmers with or without non-agricultural income. Simultaneously, the labour migration area for work has significant heterogeneity in the probability of farmer households’ access to productive agricultural services. The government should extend support towards productive agriculture services. Agricultural demonstration services and on-hand training of migrant labour should be highlighted.
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Vong, Rylida. "Impact of community-based natural resource management on household consumption: a case study of Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia." Journal of Fisheries 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.39.
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Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is implemented in Tonle Sap Lake (TSL), Cambodia after abolishment of commercial fishing lots in 2001 and 2012. One objective of CBNRM implementation is to reduce poverty of the local communities in TSL. This study aimed to examine the impact of CBNRM on household consumption of fishermen in TSL through Propensity Score Matching method by comparing 248 non-CBNRM households and 223 CBNRM households This study reveals that CBNRM had a negative impact on adult equivalent consumption in the community including the fishermen who fished only inside the community boundary and those who fished both inside and outside the community boundary. However, this study also shows a positive impact of CBNRM on adult equivalent consumption of the households who fished only inside the community boundary. The local community needs more rights to exclude the migrant fishermen and rights to enforce the laws. This study also highlights that alternate income sources should also be created that could be created by expanding the market of the existing ecotourism-job, i.e. hyacinth-made handicraft making.
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de Castro, A. B., Anna K. Hing, Nanette R. Lee, Maria Midea M. Kabamalan, Karen Llave, Catherine M. Crespi, May Wang, and Gilbert Gee. "Cohort profile: the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) to examine the health impacts of international migration from the Philippines to the USA." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e032966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032966.
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PurposeThe Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES) longitudinally investigates over 3 years whether migrating from the Philippines to the USA results in increased risk for obesity relative to non-migrants in the Philippines. The study is designed to test the healthy immigrant hypothesis by collecting health measures from migrants starting from a pre-migration baseline and enrolling a non-migrant cohort matched on age, gender and education for comparison.ParticipantsA migrant cohort (n=832; 36.5% of eligible individuals) was recruited from clients of the Commission on Filipinos Overseas prior to exiting the Philippines. A non-migrant cohort (n=805; 68.6% eligible individuals) was recruited from community households in municipalities throughout the cities of Manila and Cebu. By intention, these two cohorts are comparable demographically, including urban/rural status of residency in the Philippines at baseline.Findings to dateAt baseline, compared with non-migrants, migrants report significantly better self-rated health and less depression, and have significantly larger hip circumference and lower waist-to-hip ratio, as well as significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure and higher mean level of apolipoprotein B. Baseline results can offer insight into the health status of both migrant and non-migrant populations and may be useful for obesity prevention efforts.Future plansLongitudinal data collection is scheduled to be completed in December 2020 when the final data collection wave (36 months after baseline) will conclude. Both migrant and non-migrant cohorts will be maintained beyond the current prospective study, so long as research funding allows and emerges for new study questions. Findings from future longitudinal analyses can inform the need and design of health-related/relevant interventions, whether clinical, behavioural, educational, or policy, that can be implemented at the individual or population level.
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Ranga, Dick. "Determinants of the Return Migration of Household Heads from South Eastern Zimbabwe to South Africa During Prolonged Crisis, 2000-16." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 9, no. 4 (January 27, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2688.
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The study assessed return migration by heads of households that migrated during the prolonged crisis, 2000-16. It collected data among 166 households from four districts in South Eastern Zimbabwe. Most of the male household heads had previously migrated, half of them to South Africa. Non-migrant heads were mainly females who remained behind when their husbands migrated to South Africa or urban areas. Both heads who returned from migrating to South Africa and locally to urban areas came back during 2011-15 with the desire to reunite with families. This period was associated with severe retrenchments by Zimbabwean companies that attempted to survive the shrinking economy. Yet it was also an attractive period to return home for international migrants because of the stability brought by the adoption of multiple currencies. Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2015 also ‘pushed’ some of the heads into returning home. International return migrants were significantly younger and had lower levels of education than internal and non-migrants. Three-tenths of them returned into households having traditional huts as their main houses which suggested that migration was unsuccessful for them. There is a need for restoration of stability soon after a crisis since this helps attract back human capital.
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Jampaklay, Aree, and Patama Vapattanawong. "The Subjective Well-Being of Children in Transnational and Non-Migrant Households: Evidence from Thailand." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 22, no. 3 (September 2013): 377–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719681302200304.
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Bellampalli, Praveen Naik, and Roopesh Kaushik. "Identification of the Determinants of Rural Workforce Migration: A Study of Construction Segments in Udupi District, Karnataka, India." Review of Development and Change 25, no. 2 (December 2020): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266120980187.
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The article critically examines the migration process and the manner in which it affects the livelihood of migrants. Based on a survey in Udupi district of Karnataka, it identifies the status of migrant labourers in the construction sector. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and the resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this segment. Migrants, at their destination, have poor living and working conditions, lack entitlements, have low level of consumption and endure hardship. Migrant households reported higher expenditure on food and non-food consumption and temporary residential housing. Children of migrants have limited access to education in the destination place. The article maps informal practices that violate the legal provisions for these work segments.
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Dhakal, Sunita, and Sudan Kumar Oli. "The Impact of Remittance on Consumption and Investment: A Case of Province Five of Nepal." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i1.29018.
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Background: Remittance remains a key source of external resource flows for developing countries. Remittance inflows are the addition of migrant remittance inflow and compensation of employees which include current transfers by migrant workers, with wages and salaries earned by non-resident workers. Remittance is an essential aspect of leveraging remittance to promote economic development. In the context of Nepal, remittance recipient households tend to spend more on consumption, health and education as compared to remittance non-receiving households.
Objective: This study examines the impact of remittances on the consumption and investment in the context of province five of Nepal.
Methods: This study is based on primary sources of data with 570 observations. The primary survey was used to extract the information from the respondents regarding the remittance amount, consumption and investment of individual household from the families of Rupandehi, Dang and Rolpa districts of Nepal whose family member has been working out of country. The regression models are estimated to test the significance and impact of remittances on the investment and consumption. Consumption and investment are the dependent variables. The independent variables are remittance, annual domestic income, household size, family residential area and level of education.
Results: The results show that there is a positive relationship between remittances and consumption. This indicates that higher the amount of money inflow as a remittance, higher would be the consumption. Similarly, there is positive relationship domestic income and consumption which indicates that higher the level of domestic income, higher would be the consumption. Likewise, there is a positive relationship between household size and consumption. It indicates that larger the members in a family, higher would be the consumption. The result also reveals that there is a positive relationship between level of education and consumption. It indicates that higher the level of education, higher would be the consumption.
Conclusion: Remittance has been leading to the consumption and investment behavior of rural household in province five. Remittance followed by family size is the most influencing factors that explain the changes in consumption and investment of families in province five of Nepal.
Implication: This study can be useful to concerned authorities for further planning of proper investment of remittance.
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Blouchoutzi, Anastasia, Dimitra Manou, and Jason Papathanasiou. "A PROMETHEE MCDM Application in Social Inclusion: The Case of Foreign-Born Population in the EU." Systems 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9020045.
Full textAbstract:
Since the migrant surge in 2015, social inclusion has become a crucial issue to be addressed effectively by the European Union, given that 39% of the population born outside of the EU member states faces the risk of poverty or social exclusion. Adding to that, the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected migrant households worldwide, rendering migrant integration an urgent matter for national governments. Discrimination, racism, xenophobia, and radicalization are all societal threats emerging in periods of massive migrant flows and need appropriate policy measures to be employed in migrant host countries to tackle them. This paper suggests the integration of a multiple criteria decision analysis method, namely PROMETHEE, for policy making with regard to migrant social exclusion. In light of previous research findings and the recent release of the Migrant Integration Policy Index 2020, the authors argue that the method proposed could help policy makers to evaluate the effectiveness of the implemented policies, spot the discrepancies between policies and policy outcomes, and motivate knowledge sharing among the EU member states. The findings include a ten-year comparative list of the EU member states (2010–2019) driven by social inclusion indicators for the foreign-born (non-EU-born) population. The results are rather sensitive to changes in the data utilized but they provide an overall comparative picture of social inclusion policy effectiveness in the EU during the past decade.