Academic literature on the topic 'Non-measurable needs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-measurable needs"
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Paranjpe, Manish D., Alfred C. Chin, Ishan Paranjpe, Nicholas J. Reid, Phan Q. Duy, Jason K. Wang, Ross O'Hagan, et al. "Self-reported health without clinically measurable benefits among adult users of multivitamin and multimineral supplements: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e039119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039119.
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ObjectiveMultiple clinical trials fail to identify clinically measurable health benefits of daily multivitamin and multimineral (MVM) consumption in the general adult population. Understanding the determinants of widespread use of MVMs may guide efforts to better educate the public about effective nutritional practices. The objective of this study was to compare self-reported and clinically measurable health outcomes among MVM users and non-users in a large, nationally representative adult civilian non-institutionalised population in the USA surveyed on the use of complementary health practices.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the effect of MVM consumption on self-reported overall health and clinically measurable health outcomes.ParticipantsAdult MVM users and non-users from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n=21 603).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFive psychological, physical, and functional health outcomes: (1) self-rated health status, (2) needing help with routine needs, (3) history of 10 chronic diseases, (4) presence of 19 health conditions in the past 12 months, and (5) Kessler 6-Item (K6) Psychological Distress Scale to measure non-specific psychological distress in the past month.ResultsAmong 4933 adult MVM users and 16 670 adult non-users, MVM users self-reported 30% better overall health than non-users (adjusted OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.46; false discovery rate adjusted p<0.001). There were no differences between MVM users and non-users in history of 10 chronic diseases, number of present health conditions, severity of current psychological distress on the K6 Scale and rates of needing help with daily activities. No effect modification was observed after stratification by sex, education, and race.ConclusionsMVM users self-reported better overall health despite no apparent differences in clinically measurable health outcomes. These results suggest that widespread use of multivitamins in adults may be a result of individuals’ positive expectation that multivitamin use leads to better health outcomes or a self-selection bias in which MVM users intrinsically harbour more positive views regarding their health.
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Kawooya, Michael G., George Pariyo, Elsie K. Malwadde, Rosemary Byanyima, and Harrient Kisembo. "Assessing the Diagnostic Imaging needs for Five Selected Hospitals in Uganda." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 1 (November 19, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.90035.
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Introduction: Uganda has limited health resources. It is important to measure the need for imaging in order to set policy and plan for imaging services. Objectives: The first specific objective was to develop and apply four imaging needs indices on a case study basis, in five selected Ugandan hospitals. The indices were: Imaging Load (IL), Imaging Burden (IB), Type Specific Imaging Burden (TSIB), and Disease Specific Imaging Burden (DSIB). The second objective was to explore the perceptions of the patient, referring clinician, and radiologist regarding the values, meaning, and objective of imaging in patient care. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey employing triangulation methodology, conducted in 5 Ugandan hospitals over a period of 3 years during 2005 - 2008. The subjects were divided into four clusters: Obstetrics and gynecology (obs/gynae), surgery, internal medicine, and pediatrics. For the quantitative component of the study, data from case notes was used to calculate the indices. The qualitative component explored the non-measurable aspects of imaging needs from the clinician's, radiologist's, and patient's perspective. Results: A total of 1961 patient case notes were studied. The IB was 460 per 1000 hospital patients per year. The highest TSIB was for ultrasound at 232 per 1000 hospital patients per year, followed by 191 patients for general X-ray. The majority of the patients interviewed had special desires, expectations, and misconceptions. Conclusions: There is a high IB of 460 per thousand patient populations per year, mainly due to ultrasound. The majority of the patients have perceptions, misconceptions, beliefs, and values which influence the need for imaging. There is a need to address the medical and non-tangible imaging needs of the patient and to counteract imaging-related misconceptions and over-expectations. Public awareness of the value, capabilities, limitations, and adverse effects of various imaging modalities need to be addressed to ensure that the patients make informed imaging choices and readily avail themselves of interventions in situations when imaging is crucial, for example in suspected high-risk pregnancy.
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Silva Oliveira, Gustavo, Philipe Ricardo Casemiro Soares, and Jean Alberto Sampietro. "QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD) APPLIED TO THE VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE QUALITY COSTS IN MECHANIZED FOREST HARVEST OPERATIONS." FLORESTA 50, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i4.60137.
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Globalization and client demands result in the need for investments for the survival of the companies. Forest harvest represents the highest costs and losses of wood production. Quality function deployment (QFD) is recommended to achieve quality by detecting customer needs. Thus, this study aimed to determine the variables that influence quality costs in the mechanized harvest to reach the quality control of forest activity. The research was developed in a company located in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The variables that influence quality costs in four categories (evaluation, prevention, internal and external flaws) were identified. The QFD method was used to translate the needs of internal and external customers (critical success factors) of mechanized harvesting activities into measurable technical characteristics (variables that influence quality costs), determining the weight for each relationship and, consequently, the balance of the categories, besides the correlations of the variables evaluated as strong, medium, weak, and non-existent. Among the 29 variables identified, 18 consisted of evaluation and prevention, representing the relative weights of 37.17% and 26.49%, respectively, and 11 represented internal and external flaws, with values of 26.57% and 9.73%, respectively. The correlation matrix found 334 correlation of the 406 cells: 195 (58%) strong, 86 (26%) medium, and 53 (16%) weak. In conclusion, the company must improve process quality by investing in evaluation and prevention aimed at reducing non-conformities and expansion of revenues.
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Germuth, Amy A. "Professional Development that Changes Teaching and Improves Learning." Journal of Interdisciplinary Teacher Leadership 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46767/kfp.2016-0025.
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Each year school districts invest financial resources in professional development for their educators. Beyond the cost, educators spend countless hours in workshops, training, webinars, and other learning environments intended to enhance and deepen their knowledge and skills to increase student success. Too often the return on this investment is minimal in learning transfer for educators or measurable academic gains for students and maximum in participant dissatisfaction. Substantial research in effective professional development models exists. When applied to professional development, measurable change in the learning process occurs. In 2015 WakeEd Partnership and Wake County Public School System (WCPSS), North Carolina’s largest school system, applied that research to the design of an engaging, results-oriented professional development opportunity for elementary and secondary educators – SummerSTEM. WakeEd Partnership is an education non-profit (501c3) that exists to inform, mobilize and engage the business community in support of strong public schools in Wake County. During its 35-year history, WakeEd has differentiated itself as an organization dedicated to supporting educators through professional development and resources. SummerSTEM is a hands-on professional development experience that addresses the needs of educators — adult learners — and brings real-world lessons to the classroom.
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Sarbunan, Thobias. "HOW FAR YOU KNOW ABOUT THE CURRENTS RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (SO BETTER THAN TO UPDATE)." Academy of Education Journal 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v12i2.573.
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Interestingly, the development of science needs, related to the ESP is most reliant on improvement every time. In the other hand, all grassroots, whether learners, teachers, educators or decision-makers; must work together to ensure the feasible continuation of the ESP education system. Moreover, science never sleeps at the heart of the empiric world; this process also takes place in the domain of the ESP. The complexity of the science realm that is intended to be (if, how, when, how, when, and what) the goal of improving the ESP in a sustainable process. Consequently, the debate on research and development must potentially lead to educational and non-educational concerns. In the field of education, it is definitely closely connected to all guiding processes in the growth of ESP research. Furthermore, the expected phase of the research and progress in the field of education must occur simultaneously unless the curriculum, which serves as the foundation for the educational process, intends to work consistently and in a measurable manner; if it is also tailored to the needs of global development. The expected needs are verbal and non-verbal communication abilities, including speaking, writing, listening and reading skills. This skill is dependent on realistic knowledge about the use of English for specific purposes. Whereas in the non-educational sphere, ESP plays a significant impacts on human development and mobilization, both intentionally and unintentionally, through individuals-in pairs-or groups: which definitely has the purpose. Essentially, however, the design process of the ESP study must be consistent with global needs in order to meet the objective of using standardized and comprehensive English in line with the position of the occasions.
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Iland, Emily D., Ivor Weiner, and Wendy W. Murawski. "Obstacles Faced by Latina Mothers of Children with Autism." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 10, SI-Latino (December 1, 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v10isi-latino.1480.
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The CDC’s most recent autism prevalence estimates document the continued trend of higher prevalence among non-Hispanic white children compared to Hispanic children. The disproportionate underrepresentation of Latino children in the health, education and service systems is measurable, disadvantaging the child and family. This quantitative study identifies support needs and obstacles experienced by 96 Latina mothers of children with autism, active in Spanish-language parent groups in California. Study measures included the Family Needs Survey and the Caring for My Child Survey. To determine the significance of the results on the Family Needs Survey, an item-by-item chi-square analysis compared results to those of to a similar population from a different study that used the same measure. A high proportion of mothers reported substantial levels of unmet needs in their role as primary caregiver using the Family Needs Survey: all 35 survey items were unmet for at least 50% of mothers; 28 items were common needs. The level and number of unmet needs of mothers in the present study in areas such as social support and care services were significantly greater than the comparison group. On the Caring for My Child Survey, mothers identified multiple barriers personally encountered in obtaining assistance for their children including psychosocial, economic, political, and healthcare factors. Findings are relevant to improve access for Latinos in the health, education and service systems, and to establish a baseline for comparison.
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Knight, Peter Titcomb. "Sufficiency, Sustainability, and Innovation Media Moonshot." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2020040105.
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This article introduces the role of innovation and exponential technologies to eliminate shortfalls in access to basic needs at a global level while achieving sustainability in four dimensions: economic, social, political and ecological. Next the article reviews the literature concerning the role of films and TV programs on influencing public opinion and producing changes in economic, social, and political outcomes. Several films and TV programs that have achieved this are presented, with documentation of their successes. Then a “media moonshot” is proposed to help develop support for public policies to accelerate progress toward sufficiency and sustainability through innovation. This would be achieved by helping finance a tenfold increase in production of films and TV programs in this field. Various fiction and non-fiction formats would be used. The goal proposed is to reach an audience of at least one billion people with measurable impacts on public opinion and government policies. Several examples of possible films and TV programs are presented.
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Vîlceanu, Titela. "Developing Evaluation Skills with Legal Translation Trainees." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0050.
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Abstract Axiomatically, translation is twofold: an activity/process (more accurately designated by the term translating) and a product (the term translation can be restricted to the product). It seems that the product dimension has gained increased importance, being the most visible part of translation as market-driven, design-oriented, precise and measurable - complying with specifications. Translation engenders a sequence: identification of text type and of end users’ needs (experts or non-experts in the field), evaluation of the complexity of the source text via global reading, followed by a close reading of its parts, the translating of the document, the translator’s checking of final version, editing and proofreading. The translator’s choices are accountable in point of cost-effectiveness (efficiency) and effectiveness. Therefore, the legal translator should master the methodological toolkit, conceptual frame and related terminology, and adopt an inward-looking perspective (intuition, subjectivity, ingrained habits, insights deriving from his/her expertise and experience) alongside an outward-looking one (working against objective criteria, standards of quality, benchmarks, etc).
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Munifah, Munifah, Rohmatul Fahmi Fajrin, and Fartika Ifriqia. "Implementation of Strengthening Character Education in Realizing Islamic Values in SMPN 01 Kediri." Didaktika Religia 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/didaktika.v7i1.1551.
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This article aims to find out the planning, implementation and evaluation of Strengthening Character Education (SCE) in SMPN 01 Kediri in realizing Islamic values. Islamic education is an effort to actualize the attributes of perfection that have been bestowed by Allah to humans. Strengthening Character Education (SCE) is one way to actualize Islamic values through various activities, intra-curricular, extra-curricular, and non-curricular. This article was written based on the results of a qualitative case study. This article concludes that the implementation of SCE in SMPN 01 Kota in realizing Islamic values, in general, has already been carried out and several aspects need to be improved. Planning for SCE activities in realizing Islamic values needs to be developed in several aspects, namely: (1) there is a need to develop SCE objective indicators, (2) additional activities need to be developed to develop the other three characters in SCE, in order to balance the characters in SCE such as integrity, mutual cooperation, and independence, and (3) SCE activities need to be developed through co-curricular activities, bearing in mind that SCE activities are still focused into extra-curricular activities. The implementation of SCE activities in realizing Islamic values requires the role of parents because they are the first education and as supervisors for their children outside of school. It is also found that evaluating SCE activities in realizing Islamic values had not used measurable appraisal instruments, but direct observation instead.
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Kumar, Shaji, Morie A. Gertz, Suzanne R. Hayman, Martha Q. Lacy, Angela Dispenzieri, Steve R. Zeldenrust, John A. Lust, et al. "Use of the Serum Free Light Chain Assay in Assessment of Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: Validation of Recently Proposed Response Criteria in a Prospective Clinical Trial of Lenalidomide Plus Dexamethasone for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3479.3479.
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Abstract Background: The serum free light chain (FLC) assay is increasingly used to monitor patients (pts) with oligo-secretory or non-secretory multiple myeloma (MM) and pts with primary amyloidosis lacking measurable monoclonal protein in the serum or urine. Criteria to use this assay to assess response to therapy have recently been proposed (Rajkumar SV, Kyle RA. Best Pr Clin Haematol2005;18:585–601) but have not been validated. The goal of this study was to validate the response criteria for the FLC assay in a prospective trial of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in newly diagnosed MM. Methods: 34 pts were enrolled in the trial; 27 pts who had serial FLC assessments were studied. FLC estimation was carried out using the serum FLC assay (FreeliteH, The Binding Site Limited, UK) performed on a Dade-Behring Nephelometer. Pts with κ /λ FLC ratio <0.26 were defined as having monoclonal λ FLC and those with ratios >1.65 as having a monoclonal κ FLC. The monoclonal light chain isotype was considered the “involved” FLC isotype, and the opposite light chain type as the “uninvolved” FLC type. Partial response (PR) required an abnormal baseline FLC ratio and any one of the two following criteria: 1) a 50% decrease in the level of the involved FLC plus a 50% decrease (or normalization) in the ratio of involved/uninvolved FLC or 2) 50% decrease in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels. Complete response (CR) required normalization of FLC ratio and negative serum and urine immunofixation. Response at 4 months or earlier by the Bladé criteria was compared to FLC response criteria from the same evaluation. Results: Three pts had normal FLC levels and ratio and were not included in the analysis. 23 of the remaining 24 achieved a PR or better by Bladé criteria. A 50% decrease in the level of the involved FLC plus a 50% decrease (or normalization) in the ratio of involved/uninvolved FLC correctly classified 20 of the 22 responding pts (sensitivity 91%); 2 pts could not be evaluated since baseline FLC ratio could not be calculated. On the other hand, a 50% decrease in the mathematical difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels correctly classified all 24 responding pts (sensitivity 100%). The one non-responding pt by Blade criteria was correctly classified by both FLC criteria. All pts were correctly classified by both criteria when only those with a baseline “involved” FLC level of at least ≥10mg/dL (≥100mg/L) were considered (15 pts). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the serum FLC assay can be used to assess response to therapy. A 50% decrease in the difference between “involved” and “uninvolved” FLC levels will suffice as FLC criteria for PR, eliminating the need for the alternative criteria based on the involved FLC level and the ratio. We recommend that this FLC response criteria be used only in pts not having measurable levels of serum and /or urine M protein.The FLC response criteria will now enable most patients with oligo-secretory and non-secretory MM to enter trials for which they are currently ineligible due to “lack of measurable serum or urine M protein.” This study is limited by the lack of adequate non-responders to calculate specificity and lack pts who progressed to validate progression criteria and needs further validation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-measurable needs"
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Lock, Sara-Lina. "Quantifying human needs? : A case study of the Swedish disability policy concerning personal assistance support for basic needs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177560.
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This case study aimed to do a critical, intersectional, policy analysis of a disability policy regarding personal assistance support for basic human needs in everyday life. In January 2019, a comprehensive preparatory report about new suggestions was presented by the Swedish Government. This caused many reactions from disability rights organisations. One particular topic became heated and criticized in the debates, namely interpretations of the legal texts about personal assistance support concerning help with breathing and nutrition feeding. I have analysed interpretations of this legal text in the preparatory report, referral response and its result in the Government bill. The analysis shows problematic, normative understandings about the body and how a specific integrity demand have affected whether a person has been entitled to personal assistance to support their basic needs. Cost efficiency, quantification, and measurable goals are increasingly visible in the Swedish welfare society. People with disabilities and their entitlement to assistance have decreased for the sake of productivity and cost reductions. An intersectional perspective of the policy’s legal texts illustrates how it lacks an essential understanding of human values. There is a need for a deeper perspective of empathy to see that basic human needs are non-measurable.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-measurable needs"
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Dolan, R. J. "The anatomy of human emotion." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 257–62. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0033.
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Emotions, uniquely among mental states, are characterized by psychological and somatic referents. The former embody the subjectivity of all psychological states. The latter are evident in objectively measurable stereotyped behavioural patterns of facial expression, comportment, and states of autonomic arousal. These include unique patterns of response associated with discrete emotional states, as for example seen in the primary emotions of fear, anger, or disgust often thought of as emotion proper. Emotional states are also unique among psychological states in exerting global effects on virtually all aspects of cognition including attention, perception, and memory. Emotion also exerts biasing influences on high level cognition including the decision-making processes that guide extended behaviour. An informed neurobiological account of emotion needs to incorporate how these wide ranging effects are mediated. Although much of what we can infer about emotional processing in the human brain is derived from clinic-pathological correlations, the advent of high resolution, non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) has greatly expanded this knowledge base. This is particularly the case for emotion, as opposed to other areas of cognition, where normative studies have provided a much richer account of the underlying neurobiology than that available on the basis of observations from pathology as in classical neuropsychology. Emotion has historically been considered to reflect the product of activity within the limbic system of the brain. The general utility of the concept of a limbic-based emotional system is limited by a lack of a consensus as to its precise anatomical extent and boundaries, coupled with knowledge that emotion-related brain activity is, to a considerable degree, configured by behavioural context. What this means is that brain regions engaged by, for example, an emotion of fear associated with seeing a snake can have both distinct and common features with an emotion of fear associated with a fearful recollection. Consequently, within this framework emotional states are not unique to any single brain region but are expressed in widespread patterns of brain activity, including activity within early sensory cortices, shaped by the emotion eliciting context. This perspective emphasizes a global propagation of emotional signals as opposed to a perspective of circumscribed limbic-mediated emotion-related activity.
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Franqueira, Virginia N. L., André van Cleeff, Pascal van Eck, and Roel Wieringa. "Securing the Extended Enterprise." In Strategic and Practical Approaches for Information Security Governance, 195–222. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0197-0.ch012.
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In extended enterprises, the traditional dichotomy between insiders and outsiders becomes blurred: consultants, freelance administrators, and employees of business partners are both inside and outside of the enterprise. As a consequence, traditional controls to mitigate insider and outsider threat do not completely apply to this group of individuals, and additional or improved solutions are required. The ISO 27002 security standard, recognizing this need, proposes third-party agreements to cover security requirements in B2B relationships as a solution, but leaves open how to realize them to counter security problems of inter-organizational collaboration. To reduce this gap, this chapter presents a method for identifying external insiders and analyzing them from two perspectives: as threats and as possible mitigation. The output of the method provides input for further engineering of third-party agreements related to non-measurable IT security agreements; the authors illustrate the method using a manufacturer-retailer example. This chapter also provides an overview of the external insider threat, consisting of a review of extended enterprises and of challenges involved with external insiders.
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O’Toole, Thomas P. "Primary Care for Homeless Veterans." In Homelessness Among U.S. Veterans, 61–76. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695132.003.0004.
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In many ways homelessness is both a health issue and a reflection of the viability of our social safety net and health care system. Despite advances made in our understanding of how to best provide care and assist homeless persons, significant health disparities and gaps in care persist, as does the conundrum of chronic and persistent homelessness. Primary care tailored to homeless persons provides a unique opportunity to address some of these health disparities and vulnerabilities as well as the platform on which to engage them in an array of additional services over a continuum of time and need. Core tenets of the most successful models capture several key elements: (1) availability of care based on an open-access, on-demand, and non-contingent model; (2) one-stop, wrap-around services that are integrated and coordinated; (3) capacity for intensive, longitudinal and community/social service–linked case management; (4) high-quality, evidence-based, and culturally sensitive care that both destigmatizes seeking care and supports professionalism among the providers delivering that care; and (5) accountability to specific measurable goals and outcomes. However, it will not happen without deliberate planning and organization and a commitment to the capacity needed to bring services to scale.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-measurable needs"
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Sharp, J. V., G. Ersdal, and D. Galbraith. "Development of Key Performance Indicators for Offshore Structural Integrity." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57203.
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Key performance indicators (KPIs) are widely used to assess performance against targets, whether these be technical, environmental or financial. Offshore KPIs are used by both duty holders and regulators to assess the reliability of equipment and systems, often they relate to safety systems and the regulator’s interest relates to such systems. The most obvious KPIs include number of fatalities, fatal accident rate, lost time injury frequency and total recordable incident rate, as well as hydrocarbon release incident rates associated with maintaining safety. Many of the “non-headline” KPIs relate to systems that could be critical in the event of an accident and these are of great importance. However KPIs have not yet been developed for the performance of the offshore structural system. Performance standards are a requirement of current UK offshore legislation, although these again are more normally associated with fire and explosion. Since many offshore installations are now in the ageing phase performance measures are increasingly important. This paper described the background to developing KPIs for offshore structures, relating to aspects which are important for both safety and asset integrity. This has been achieved based on a hazard approach, which includes extreme weather, fatigue, corrosion and accidental damage. KPI’s need to be measurable and this aspect has been incorporated in their development. It is proposed that these KPIs will have significant use in providing a basis for measuring structural performance, particularly for ageing installations where a case for life extension needs to be made.
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Murray, Mária, and Alexandra Mertinková. "Štátne dotácie pre mimovládne neziskové organizácie na Slovensku." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-78.
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The task of mapping the existing procedures and methodologies of subsidies provided from the state budget in terms of efficiency, transparency and effectiveness and proposing their evaluation, the Office of the Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Slovak Republic for Civil Society Development resulted from the Strategy of Civil Society Development in Slovakia Action Plan 2019-2020. The analysis is based on research solved for the needs of practice and focuses on ministries, central state administration bodies and funds of the Slovak Republic, which is a total of 21 institutions that provide subsidies for non-governmental organizations as carriers of innovative solutions to regional disparities. The aim of this paper is to review all subsidy schemes of the ministries and evaluate them in terms of efficiency, transparency and effectiveness, ie. to map existing procedures and methodologies for providers of public resources in the form of subsidies provided from the state budget, which determine how goals / measurable indicators proving the meaning of provided public resources are to be set and at the same time enable them to be evaluated. Based on the mapped and evaluated state, we propose additional procedures and methodologies that will allow a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness, transparency and efficiency of spent funds of individual subsidy programs provided from the state budget and which can also be used to provide subsidies at regional and local level.
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Fachinger, Johannes, Heiko Barnert, Alexander P. Kummer, Guido Caspary, Manuel Seubert, Albert Koster, Munyaradzi Makumbe, and Lolan Naicker. "Examination of Dust in AVR Pipe Components." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58033.
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Pebble Bed HTGR’s like the AVR in Ju¨lich have the advantage of continuous fuelling. However the multiple passes of the fuel pebbles through the core have the disadvantage that the pebble’s movement through the fuelling system and the core produces graphite dust. This dust is transported from the core to other parts of the primary circuit and deposits on components. Although previous experiments performed during AVR operation have given some insight into the dust particle size and activity, there is little information on the behaviour of the dust that was deposited in the system. The decommissioning of the AVR has provided the opportunity to sample and characterise such dust from a number of components and gauge the adhesion strength. From the side of PBMR Pty Ltd this opportunity is considered important to enhance the knowledge about dust characteristics before the PBMR Demonstration Power Plant (DPP) is operational and able to produce specific plant information through sampling and analysis. AVR GmbH has provided a number of pipes and joints for investigation of loose and bound dust. Phase 1 of the analysis was used to determine the best techniques to be used on larger items. No measurable loose dust could be collected. Thereupon rings were cut from a T-section and subdivided into eight segments. The surface of the untreated segments were photographed and documented by optical microscopy, the dose rates were measured and gamma-spectrometry performed. Following this a mechanical or chemical decontamination was carried out to remove and isolate the bound dust. The average isolated dust amount was about 2 mg/cm2. Both decontamination processes indicates a strong bonding of the dust surface layer. In the case of mechanical decontamination about 60% and by chemical decontamination about 95% of the radionuclide inventory could be removed. The contribution of removed metal needs to be investigated in more detail. The median number related particle size measured by optical microscopy was found to be in the range of 0.2 to 0.7 μm whereas the median weight related size is in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 μm. The initial results indicate that this dust sticks very strongly to the pipe surface. Phase 2 will concentrate on longer pieces of piping where hopefully more loose dust can be obtained and analysed. If the same strong bonding is observed the reason for this phenomenon needs to be explained and perhaps tested with non-active dust.
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Craig, Trevor L., Carl A. Nelson, Shan Fan, Vikas Gulati, Sachin Kedar, and Deepta Ghate. "Design of an Automated Measurement System for Episcleral Venous Pressure." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6819.
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Episcleral venous pressure (EVP) refers to the pressure in the episcleral veins. It is used by scientists in glaucoma physiology and pharmacology research to study the parameters of aqueous humor dynamics as part of the Goldmann equation [1]. The episcleral veins drain into the superior ophthalmic vein which drains into the cavernous sinus. Our previous work in a pig model [2] shows for the first time that EVP is an excellent non-invasive quantitative marker for intracranial pressure (ICP) estimation (high ICP leads to high intracranial venous pressure and high EVP). Intracranial pressure (ICP) is an important marker of outcomes in traumatic brain injury. There is an unfulfilled civilian and military need for a non-invasive ICP measurement modality. EVP could serve as a quantitative ICP biomarker, measurable by personnel with different skill levels for remote acute triage in battlefields and other urgent situations.
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Awan, Muhammad Adeel, and Amer Hameed. "Vehicle Handling Parameters Estimation in a Virtual Environment." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40944.
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This article illustrates the use of a virtual vehicle, modelled in MSC Adams/Car, to study and analyse the technique that can be used to extract parameters for handling analysis and subsequently for control purposes. These parameters are usually not available for direct measurement and therefore need to be estimated from other vehicle states. However, presence of process and measurement noise limit the authenticity of these parameters. Kalman filtering algorithm is used as a virtual sensor for noise cancellation and estimation of non-measurable vehicle parameters. This technique uses mathematical model of the plant in conjunction with the system itself to predict the required states. In case of vehicle analysis an experimental vehicle equipped with various sensors is usually used to test and implement the filter; however not all the researchers have direct access to such resources. Therefore this paper describes the possibility of using a virtual vehicle for the purpose.
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Terao, Junichi, Lina Trejos, Zhe Zhang, and Goldie Nejat. "An Intelligent Socially Assistive Robot for Health Care." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67678.
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The development of socially assistive robots for health care applications can provide measurable improvements in patient safety, quality of care, and operational efficiencies by playing an increasingly important role in patient care in the fast pace of crowded clinics, hospitals and nursing/veterans homes. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. In this paper, we address two main limitations to the development of intelligent socially assistive robots: (i) identification of human body language via a non-contact sensory system and categorization of these gestures for determining the accessibility level of a person during human-robot interaction, and (ii) decision making control architecture design for determining the learning-based task-driven behavior of the robot during assistive interaction. Preliminary experiments presented show the potential of the integration of the aforementioned techniques into the overall design of such robots intended for assistive scenarios.
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Zhang, Zhe, and Goldie Nejat. "Human Affective State Recognition and Classification During Human-Robot Interaction Scenarios." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87647.
Full textAbstract:
A new novel breed of robots known as socially assistive robots is emerging. These robots are capable of providing assistance to individuals through social and cognitive interaction. The development of socially assistive robots for health care applications can provide measurable improvements in patient safety, quality of care, and operational efficiencies by playing an increasingly important role in patient care in the fast pace of crowded clinics, hospitals and nursing/veterans homes. However, there are a number of research issues that need to be addressed in order to design such robots. In this paper, we address one main challenge in the development of intelligent socially assistive robots: The robot’s ability to identify, understand and react to human intent and human affective states during assistive interaction. In particular, we present a unique non-contact and non-restricting sensory-based approach for identification and categorization of human body language in determining the affective state of a person during natural real-time human-robot interaction. This classification allows the robot to effectively determine its taskdriven behavior during assistive interaction. Preliminary experiments show the potential of integrating the proposed gesture recognition and classification technique into intelligent socially assistive robotic systems for autonomous interactions with people.
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Stark, R. W. "Force Feedback in Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81264.
Full textAbstract:
The feedback perspective of dynamic AFM provides a powerful tool to investigate the non-linear system dynamics from a system theoretic point of view. Including the higher order dynamics of the extended cantilever beam in the model the contact resonances can be reproduced faithfully without the need to solve the partial differential equation of motion directly. The investigation of the non-linear dynamics provides valuable insight into the generation of higher harmonics in dynamic AFM. However, the light lever detection scheme is widely used in dynamic AFM. This means that — strictly speaking — the tip-deflection is not a measurable quantity: the local deflection angle is measured but not the deflection itself. Additionally, time-delays may be introduced into the system influencing the dynamic behavior. Apart from system inherent time delays, a delayed force feedback is often used in order manipulate the system’s resonance characteristics (quality factor). Such an active control of the oscillatory behavior of the cantilever used in atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows one to tune the quality factor to purpose. For experiments requiring a high force sensitivity an enhancement of the quality factor is desirable whereas in time critical experiments additional damping may be needed. In order to control the quality factor a feedback signal is used that approximates the time derivative of the system state within the bandwidth of interest.