Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-marine sediments

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-marine sediments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-marine sediments"

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Talbot, Helen M., Diane F. Watson, Emma J. Pearson, and Paul Farrimond. "Diverse biohopanoid compositions of non-marine sediments." Organic Geochemistry 34, no. 10 (October 2003): 1353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(03)00159-1.

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Lejzerowicz, Franck, Philippe Esling, Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, Johan Decelle, Cyril Obadia, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, and Jan Pawlowski. "Ancient DNA complements microfossil record in deep-sea subsurface sediments." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 20130283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0283.

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Deep-sea subsurface sediments are the most important archives of marine biodiversity. Until now, these archives were studied mainly using the microfossil record, disregarding large amounts of DNA accumulated on the deep-sea floor. Accessing ancient DNA (aDNA) molecules preserved down-core would offer unique insights into the history of marine biodiversity, including both fossilized and non-fossilized taxa. Here, we recover aDNA of eukaryotic origin across four cores collected at abyssal depths in the South Atlantic, in up to 32.5 thousand-year-old sediment layers. Our study focuses on Foraminifera and Radiolaria, two major groups of marine microfossils also comprising diverse non-fossilized taxa. We describe their assemblages in down-core sediment layers applying both micropalaeontological and environmental DNA sequencing approaches. Short fragments of the foraminiferal and radiolarian small subunit rRNA gene recovered from sedimentary DNA extracts provide evidence that eukaryotic aDNA is preserved in deep-sea sediments encompassing the last glacial maximum. Most aDNA were assigned to non-fossilized taxa that also dominate in molecular studies of modern environments. Our study reveals the potential of aDNA to better document the evolution of past marine ecosystems and opens new horizons for the development of deep-sea palaeogenomics.
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Mutmainah, Herdiana, and Rini Kusumawardani. "Sediment Characteristic of Pagai Strait, Mentawai." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan 21, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jtsp.v21i1.19914.

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Abstract. The marine sediment is important indicator of the seafloor. The characteristics of marine sediments can be seen from grain size, type and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). Sediments derived from organic and non-organic particles are carried by the sea currents, waves, streams and tidal process in the coastal areas. At very high levels, sediments can cause pollution or vulnerability such as decreasing of dissolved oxygen, coral bleaching, and increased the eurotrification processes. Pagai Strait is located between North Pagai Island and South Pagai. This strait has enormous potential and it is used by the surrounding community for various activities such as port and sea transportation, fishery, marine aquaculture and tourism. This study aims to determine the characteristics of sediment in Pagai Strait. The field survey was conducted in September 2016 for waves, currents, water quality and sediment samples with purposive sampling method. The results showed that the average of sediments in Pagai Strait is D35 sized 0.155 mm; D50 sized 0.273 mm; and D90 sized 1.574 mm with specific gravity 2.665 gr/cm3 and dominated by sand 66.88%. TDS between 51.6 to 55.0 mg/L, appropriate for port and mangrove. Scale of sediment, A = 0.119 and sediment velocity is 0.002 m/s. Sediment transport approximately is 0.389 m3/day.
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Neff, Jerry M., Paul D. Boehm, Roy Kropp, William A. Stubblefield, and David S. Page. "Monitoring Recovery of Prince William Sound, Alaska, Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Bioavailability of PAH in Offshore Sediments." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-299.

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ABSTRACT We determined the bioavailability to sediment-dwelling marine worms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with offshore sediments from 3 spill path and 3 non-spill path areas of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, 12 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The PAHs in sediments from 4 sites sampled in 2001 were primarily from a regional natural petrogenic background derived from organic-rich shales and natural oil seeps associated with sources southeast of PWS. Pyrogenic (combustion) PAHs, primarily from former human and industrial activities, were more abundant than petrogenic PAHs in nearshore sediments from 2 bays associated with past and current human activities. We performed sediment bioaccumulation tests with the six sediments and polychaete worms according to standard EPA protocols. All the PAHs had a very low bioavailability, as indicated by low values for biota/sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) in the worms. Mean BSAFs for total PAHs (sum of 41 analyte groups) ranged from 0.002 to 0.009. The worms exposed to spill path and non-spill path sediments bioaccumulated small amounts of 4- and 5-ring PAHs, particularly fluoranthene and pyrene; these higher molecular weight PAHs are responsible for induction of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) activity in marine fish, birds, and mammals. These results may help to explain in part why fish from throughout PWS exhibit induced MFO activity. Elevated levels of MFO activity cannot be used as evidence of recent exposure by marine fish, birds, and mammals in the sound to Exxon Valdez oil.
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Cook, Nancy H., and Peter G. Wells. "Toxicity of Halifax Harbour Sediments: an Evaluation of the Microtox® Solid-Phase Test." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 673–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.037.

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Abstract Subtidal sediments were collected in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, in July and August, 1992, to study sediment toxicity and hazards near the proposed location of a sewage treatment plant and outfall. A set of 110 samples from eight stations was evaluated. Interstitial water from surface (0-2 cm) and subsurface (2-4 cm) sediments was analyzed by the Microtox® 100% toxicity test protocol. The sediment particles were analyzed using the Microtox® solid-phase test. Interstitial water from surface and subsurface sediments from all stations was usually non-toxic, compared to a phenol standard. The mean 5 min-EC50 of surface sediments (n=57) was 5,433mg/L; the mean 5 min-EC50 of subsurface sediments (n=50) was 804 mg/L. Toxicity thresholds for the harbour sediments were compared with National Research Council marine analytical sediment reference materials and a selection of natural sediments, and ranked. An experiment with the marine reference sediments (certified for PAHs and trace metals) and their mixtures showed the ability of the solid-phase test to discriminate among different levels of contaminated sediments. Intra- and inter-sample variability in toxicity at different locations in relation to time, sediment depth, sediment properties, and types and concentrations of contaminants was evaluated by multivariate and PCA tech-niques. This laboratory-field study provided insights into the sensitivity, repro-ducibility, significance and discriminatory ability of the Microtox® solid-phase bioassay and its value in the study of complex natural sediment mixtures.
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Pramod Kumar, G. L. Das, and Atul Garg. "Heavy metal accumulation in marine sediments - An assessment in ONGC’s platforms in Mumbai High Region, Arabian Sea." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 02, no. 01 (March 30, 2021): 060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.2.1.0026.

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Heavy metal pollution, in the aquatic ecosystem, especially sediments, has become an area of concern garnering increasing attention since the past few decades. Some metals like manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are biologically important for marine life, others like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As) are non-essential and become toxic at higher concentrations. These metals introduced into the marine ecosystem mainly due to anthropogenic activities. These heavy metals when discharged into the marine ecosystem may be absorbed in suspended solids, remain in seawater, etc., but ultimately end up in the sediments which act as a “sink” and later the “source”, due to their restricted mobility. Hence, monitoring the heavy metal concentrations in these marine sediments over a period of time is of great help in checking the pollution level and identifying the trend, which in turn will be instrumental in formulating sustainable practices. The paper mainly focuses on the study of the concentration of non-essential heavy metals in sea sediment around the operational areas of ONGC in western offshore area. The distribution of heavy metals in the sediments of ONGC’s exploratory blocks in Mumbai High Region, Arabian Sea was investigated. Surface sediment samples collected from 5 platforms (R-12A, BLQ, NBP, ICP and NQ) of Mumbai High Region, Arabian Sea and digested samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for 75As, 111Cd and 208Pb. Comparison of results in studied 5 platforms with various sediment quality guidelines is discussed to assess the present contamination. It reveals that sediments in study area are not contaminated with respect to perceived heavy metals. Generated data will assist in future for proactive measures and minimize the impact of anthropogenic sources.
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Kelly, S. B. "Milankovitch cyclicity recorded from Devonian non-marine sediments." Terra Nova 4, no. 5 (September 1992): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00599.x.

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Strother, Stephanie L., Ulrich Salzmann, Francesca Sangiorgi, Peter K. Bijl, Jörg Pross, Carlota Escutia, Ariadna Salabarnada, Matthew J. Pound, Jochen Voss, and John Woodward. "A new quantitative approach to identify reworking in Eocene to Miocene pollen records from offshore Antarctica using red fluorescence and digital imaging." Biogeosciences 14, no. 8 (April 24, 2017): 2089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2089-2017.

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Abstract. Antarctic palaeoclimate evolution and vegetation history after the formation of a continent-scale cryosphere at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary, 33.9 million years ago, has remained a matter of controversy. In particular, the reconstruction of terrestrial climate and vegetation has been strongly hampered by uncertainties in unambiguously identifying non-reworked as opposed to reworked sporomorphs that have been transported into Antarctic marine sedimentary records by waxing and waning ice sheets. Whereas reworked sporomorph grains over longer non-successive geological timescales are easily identifiable within younger sporomorph assemblages (e.g. Permian sporomorphs in Pliocene sediments), distinguishing non-reworked from reworked material in palynological assemblages over successive geological time periods (e.g. Eocene sporomorphs in Oligocene sediments) has remained problematic. This study presents a new quantitative approach to identifying non-reworked pollen assemblages in marine sediment cores from circum-Antarctic waters. We measured the fluorescence colour signature, including red, green, and blue fluorescence; brightness; intensity; and saturation values of selected pollen and spore taxa from Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene sediments from the Wilkes Land margin Site U1356 (East Antarctica) recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 318. Our study identified statistically significant differences in red-fluorescence values of non-reworked sporomorph taxa against age. We conclude that red fluorescence is a reliable parameter for identifying the presence of non-reworked pollen and spores in Antarctic marine sediment records from the circum-Antarctic realm that are influenced by glaciation and extensive reworking. Our study provides a new tool to accurately reconstruct Cenozoic terrestrial climate change on Antarctica using fossil pollen and spores.
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Wang, Ya Jun, Feng Jin, Chu Han Zhang, and Jun Wang. "Primary Physical-Mechanical Characteristics on Marine Sediments from Zhoushan Seas in Sino Mainland." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.273.

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Marine sediment laboratory test model was developed by excavation on site and application of GDS triaxial loading system. The grading characteristics on representative soft marine soil from Wushitang (MS1) and Dongsha Seas (MS2) were studied and the key evaluating indicators, i.e., curvature coefficient CC and non-uniform coefficient Cu were analyzed. Based on the systematically physical-mechanical test data, the constitutive model on step deviatonic-stress and strain development was researched. The result shows the exponential mapping relationship is applicable for stress-strain constitution. The fluid-solid coupling non-linear function was established by spatial pore pressure surface fitting. The key consolidation treatment for soft marine sediments was discovered.
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Lelono, Eko Budi. "POLLEN RECORD OF THE PERMIAN MARINE SEDIMENTS FROM WEST TIMOR." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 40, no. 2 (September 18, 2018): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.40.2.42.

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This is the fi rst publication to present palynological study on the Permian marine sediments of West Timor. This is aimed to evaluate its palynomorph content. Similar studies have been performed on the Permian sediments which mostly focus on non-marine sediments. 15 surface samples were collected from Lilana river outcrop which comprises the alternation of calcareous shale and sandstone. This outcrop is assumed to represent some parts of Bisane Formation. Standard preparation methods were employed to extract palynomorphs including acid maceration and oxidation. This study applies quantitative method which requires counting of palynomorphs in each sample. This study provides low to moderate pollen recovery which mostly consists of striate and non-striate bisaccates as well as trilete monosaccates. The age restricted taxa appearing in the non-marine sediments also present in the studied samples to mark Permian age such as Protohaploxypinus samoilovichi, Lunatisporites pellucidus, Falcisporites australis, Plicatipollenites malabarensis and Cannanoropollis janakii. On the other hand, common occurrence of marine dinofl agellates of Dapsilidium langii and Veryhachim reductum combined with abundant macrofossil of chrinoids confi rm a shallow marine paleoenvironment. Common green algae of Tasmanites sp. is a firmed evidence for the appearance of potential source rock of hydrocarbon within the Permian shallow marine sediments of West Timor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-marine sediments"

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Robinson, Stuart Alan. "Carbon-cycling, palaeo-atmospheres and isotope stratigraphy of marginal and non-marine Mesozoic sediments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269481.

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Books on the topic "Non-marine sediments"

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Gerland, Sebastian. Zerstörungsfreie hochauflösende Dichteuntersuchungen mariner Sedimente =: Non-destructive high resolution density measurements on marine sediments. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1993.

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Humphreys, John, and Sally Little, eds. Challenges in Estuarine and Coastal Science. Pelagic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/bdix4458.

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Estuarine and coastal waters are acknowledged centres for anthropogenic impacts. Superimposed on the complex natural interactions between land, rivers and sea are the myriad consequences of human activity – a spectrum ranging from locally polluting effluents to some of the severest consequences of global climate change. For practitioners, academics and students in the field of coastal science and policy, this book examines and exemplifies current and future challenges: from upper estuaries to open coasts and adjacent seas; from tropical to temperate latitudes; from Europe to Australia. This authoritative volume marks the 50th anniversary of the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association, and contains a prologue by founding member Professor Richard Barnes and a short history of the Association. Individual chapters then address coastal erosion and deposition; open shores to estuaries and deltas; marine plastics; coastal squeeze and habitat loss; tidal freshwaters – saline incursion and estuarine squeeze; restoration management using remote data collection; carbon storage; species distribution and non-natives; shorebirds; Modelling environmental change; physical processes such as sediments and modelling; sea level rise and estuarine tidal dynamics; estuaries as fish nurseries; policy versus reality in coastal conservation; developments in Estuarine, coastal and marine management.
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Rutherford, Nicolle R. Nitrogen exchange between the sediments and water column in vegetated and non-vegetated sites in Padilla Bay, Washington. 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-marine sediments"

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Inui, Toru, Mutsumi Hori, Atsushi Takai, and Takeshi Katsumi. "Column Percolation Tests for Evaluating the Leaching Behavior of Marine Sediment Containing Non-anthropogenic Arsenic." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 469–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2221-1_50.

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Maranho, L. A., G. V. Aguirre-Martínez, and M. L. Martín-Díaz. "Chapter 2. Adverse Effects of Pharmaceutical Products in the Marine Environment: The Use of Non-target Species to Evaluate Water and Sediment Matrices." In Issues in Toxicology, 33–47. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782629887-00033.

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"Non-Marine Sediments." In Early Diagenesis, 206–24. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx8b6p2.12.

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Thrush, Simon F., Judi E. Hewitt, Conrad A. Pilditch, and Alf Norkko. "The sedimentary environment." In Ecology of Coastal Marine Sediments, 3–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804765.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the roles of sediment properties and hydrodynamic conditions in influencing soft-sediment communities. It identifies environmental factors that are commonly used to characterise soft-sediment habitats and used to tease out the role of habitat variation from other factors that influence populations and communities. The differences between cohesive and non-cohesive sediments that profoundly influence ecosystem functions are described. Hydrodynamics particularly at the sediment–water interface are introduced as a critical factor affecting many ecosystem processes. The chapter introduces the differences in laminar and turbulent flows. Coastal soft sediments in particular are places of high organic matter remineralisation and thus critical for the recycling of primary nutrients and primary production, particularly by microphytobenthos. These factors underpin the important role of marine sediments in biogeochemistry and earth system processes.
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Wien, K. "PDMS Applied to Frozen Marine Sediments." In Mass Spectrometry Of Large Non-Volatile Molecules For Marine Organic Chemistry, 82–95. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814390170_0008.

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Stead, D. T., and M. Z. Awad. "Palynological zonation of Cenozoic non-marine sediments, Muglad Basin, Sudan." In Recent Developments in Applied Biostratigraphy, 161–78. The Geological Society of London on behalf of The Micropalaeontological Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/tms001.10.

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Moura, Joel A. "Ostracods from Non-marine Early Cretaceous Sediments of the Campos Basin, Brazil." In Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 1207–16. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5446(08)70250-4.

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Bora, Onur, M. Sedat Kabdaşlı, Nuray Gedik, and Emel İrtem. "Floating Object Induced Hydro-morphological Effects in Approach Channel." In Fractional Calculus: New Applications in Understanding Nonlinear Phenomena, 232–50. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051933122030013.

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Transversal and diverging waves, return flows, propeller induced jet flows, and other hydrodynamic effects induced by a floating object may cause significant movement and/or suspension of bottom and bank sediments in the marine environment, especially in approach channels. Using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) process, the hydro-morphodynamic effects induced by a non-powered floating object navigating in an approach channel are investigated in this study. The approach channel dimensions depth, width, and channel slope are determined according to PIANC (2014) [1]. The floating object locations and velocities are used in nine different scenarios. In these cases, the floating object is 0.90, 1.10, and 1.30 meters from the bottom of the approach channel, respectively. According to the findings, when the floating object is located nearest to the bottom and its speed is fastest, there is a significant amount of sediment suspension and sediment movement in the channel slope, which is mostly attributed to super-critical return flows. When the floating object is farthest from the channel bottom and the floating object speed is lowest, however, there is a noticeable reduction in the acceleration and suspension of the sediment. As a result, the velocity and location of the floating object, channel slope, the kinematics of ship-generated waves, and particularly the return flows are found to have a significant impact on sediment movement and suspension.
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Rickard, David. "Framboid Sizes." In Framboids, 21–46. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080112.003.0002.

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Framboid size-frequency plots show log-normal distributions with a geometric mean diameter of 6.0 μ‎m and with 95% of framboids ranging between 2.9 and 12.3 μ‎m. The largest framboids may be 250 μ‎m in diameter, although spherical aggregates of framboids, known as polyframboids, may range up to 900 μ‎m in diameter. Various spherical clusters of nanoparticles have been described which are less than 0.2 μ‎m in diameter. These do not form a continuum with framboids. There is no evidence for any significant change in framboid diameters with geologic time, and the differences in mean sizes between hydrothermal and sedimentary framboids do not, at present, appear to be statistically significant. By contrast, it appears that the mean diameters of framboids from non-marine sediments are significantly larger (7.6 μ‎m) than marine framboids (5.7 μ‎m). There is some evidence that framboids formed in the water column are smaller than those formed in sediments, but the non-critical use of this possible difference as a proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstructions is not robust. So-called microframboids and nanoframboids are discrete entities which are distinct from framboids. They are nanoparticle clusters and are not produced by the same processes as those involved in framboid formation, nor do they behave in the same way. They are more akin to atomic clusters, which form similar constructs.
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Hallam, Tony. "Sea-level changes." In Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524977.003.0008.

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In earlier times many geologists clearly became cynical about what they had learned as students about Earth history from their stratigraphy courses. ‘The sea comes in, the sea goes out.’ This is indeed one of the most striking signals that emerges from study of the stratigraphic record in a given region: a succession of marine transgressions and regressions on the continents. Little scientific rigour was, however, applied to the subject, and students were left with no overarching explanation to provide any intellectual stimulation. Since the 1970s things have begun to change for the better, as less emphasis has been placed on learning the names of rock formations and fossil zones and more on the dynamic aspects of what to many ranks as a fascinating subject. This entails studying changing geographies and climates within a framework supplied by plate tectonics, the successions of strata being subjected to ever-more-rigorous sedimentological and geochemical analysis, and global correlation continually improved by further study of stratigraphically useful fossils. How do we infer sea-level changes from a given succession of sedimentary rocks? In essence we use facies analysis, which is based upon a careful study of the sediment types and structures, together with a study of the ecological aspects of the contained fossils, or palaeoecology. These features can be compared with those of similar sediments that are being deposited today, or similar organisms living today. Comparisons of this kind were practised by the likes of Cuvier as well as Lyell. Consider, for example, the Cretaceous succession in southern England. The oldest strata, well exposed on the coast from Sussex to Dorset, are known as the Wealden, and consist mainly of sandstones and siltstones that were deposited in a coastal plain (non-marine) setting. They are overlain by the Lower Greensand, a sandy unit of Aptian–Lower Albian age laid down in a very shallow marine environment. These conditions are revealed, not just by the types of fossils, which include the exclusively marine ammonites, but also by the distinctive green clay mineral glauconite, which gives its name to the rock formation and occurs today only in marine settings.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-marine sediments"

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Takano, Osamu, and Amane Waseda. "Source and Reservoir Rock Distributions in Coal-bearing Non-marine Sediments within a Sequence/Tectono-Stratigraphic Framework: Implications for Non-marine Rock Exploration." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/12218-ms.

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Takano, O., and A. Waseda. "Source and Reservoir Rock Distributions in Coal-Bearing Non-Marine Sediments within a Sequence/Tectono-Stratigraphic Framework: Implications for Non-Marine Rock Exploration." In IPTC 2008: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.148.iptc12218.

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Takano, Osamu, and Amane Waseda. "Source and Reservoir Rock Distributions in Coal-Bearing Non-Marine Sediments Within a Sequence/Tectono-Stratigraphic Framework: Implications for Non-Marine Rock Exploration." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-12218-ms.

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Adalier, K., T. F. Zimmie, and A. Pamuk. "Seismic Behavior of Rubble-Mound Moles on Sandy Marine Sediments." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28379.

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Recent major seismic events such as Loma Prieta 1989, Kobe 1995, and Izmit 1999 earthquakes continue to demonstrate the damaging effects of liquefaction-induced loss of soil strength and associated damage to waterfront and port structures. This paper presents the experimental results from a series of dynamic centrifuge model tests performed to investigate the seismic behavior of rubble-mound moles resting on loose, clean, sandy marine deposits. Soil response during and after shaking was monitored by miniature accelerometers, pore pressure transducers, and vertical and horizontal displacement gages placed throughout the soil model. Currently, such test results offer a valuable alternative to actual full-scale dynamic response, which is virtually non-existent. It was found that catastrophic failures of even structurally-strong moles are possible if they are underlain by loose liquefiable soils. Densification and usage of a geogrid mat as liquefaction-induced hazards countermeasures are also evaluated. Both methods much improved the liquefaction induced deformations in the foundation and of the mole.
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Brandes, Horst G., and Tonya Johnson. "Effect of Volcanic Fines and Gradation on the Deformation and Strength Properties of Detrital Marine Sediments in Hawaii." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37266.

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The compressibility and triaxial response of mixed sediments, consisting of volcanic and marine calcareous fractions, are investigated for a series of samples taken in the nearshore shallow waters of Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii. The results suggest that the presence of coarse detrital calcareous sands dominates the overall behavior if present in sufficiently large quantities, resulting in low compressibilities similar to that of silica sands and friction angles larger than that for most terrigenous sands at comparable densities. Larger than expected frictional resistance is attributed to the volume change tendencies of the non-uniform grains. On the other hand, when significant fines are present, whether of a volcanic nature or consisting of silty carbonate residue, compressibility tends to increase and frictional strength tends to decrease.
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Brandes, Horst G. "Permeability of Marine Sediments and Tropical Volcanic Soils." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83543.

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Permeability values for a range of fine-grained deep-sea sediments are presented and evaluated in terms of index properties such as plasticity, grain size and carbonate content. It is found that whereas clay-rich sediments have similar permeabilities to those of equivalent land-based fine-grained soils, the presence of volcanic, carbonate and other non-clay fractions tends to increase permeability somewhat. Volcanic silty-clayey soils from Hawaii have comparable permeability values, although they can be slightly more permeable.
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KOURTAA, Salim, Morgan Chabannes, Frederic Becquart, and Nor Edine Abriak. "Evaluation of a Marine Dredged Sediment as Raw Material Compared to Volcanic Scoria for the Development of Lime-Pozzolan Eco-Binders." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.263.

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In the context of global warming, the built environment offers relevant opportunities to reduce GHG emissions that underlie climate change. In particular, this can be achieved with the development of low-embodied energy building materials such as bio-based concretes. Hemp concrete has been the subject of many investigations in the field of non-load bearing infill walls in France since the early 1990s. In addition to hygrothermal performances, the use of crop by-products definitely helps to limit the carbon footprint. Hemp concretes are often produced by mixing the plant aggregates with lime-based binders. The latter have many benefits among which the water vapor permeability. However, CO2 emissions due to the decarbonation of limestone for the production of lime largely contribute to the overall environmental balance of these materials. The use of natural pozzolans (volcanic scoria) combined with hydrated lime goes back to the Greco-Roman period and reduces carbon emissions. Nonetheless, it does not necessarily meet the issue related to the depletion of granular natural resources. Hence, this study deals with the design of a new low-carbon binder based on marine dredged sediment seen as an alternative strategic granular resource that can be considered renewable. The sediment comes from the Port of Dunkirk in the North of France and is mainly composed of silt and quartz sand. It was finely ground and compared to a lowly reactive basaltic pozzolan. Lime-pozzolan pastes were prepared and stored in a moist environment under room (20°C) and high temperature (50°C). The hardening kinetics of pastes was followed through mineralogical studies (TGA, XRD) and compressive strength development. The results showed that the hardening of pastes including the marine sediment was suitable in the case of samples stored at 50°C and make it possible to use such a binder for precast bio-based concretes.
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8

Fjeldberg, Egil Romsås, Yngve Bolstad Johansen, Lodve Hugo Olsborg, Geir Frode Kvilaas, Tor-Ole Jøssund, and Harish Datir. "X-RAY DIFFRACTION, X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, AND NEUTRON INDUCED SPECTROSCOPY BASED CORRECTION TO IVAR AASEN GEOMODEL: AN OILFIELD FROM THE NORWEGIAN NORTH SEA." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0042.

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The Ivar Aasen (IA) oilfield is located on the Gudrun Terrace on the eastern flank of the Viking Graben in the Norwegian North Sea. The field was discovered in 2008. The reservoir is located within a sedimentary sequence of Mid-Jurassic to Late-Triassic age, which consists of shallow marine to fluvial, alluvial, floodplain and lacustrine deposits overlying a regionally extensive, fractured calcrete interval. The sequence exhibits a complex mineral composition and is heterogeneous at a scale below that of a logging sensor. Shale layers, re-deposited shale and what was first believed to be redeposited calcrete fragments present in various forms throughout the sequence. Looking more in depth to XRD and XRF data and contrasting Fe concentration in the dolomite, it is also possible to explain some of the carbonate deposits through other processes. Extensive data acquisition in the form of advanced wireline logs and coring with analysis performed in “geopilot” wells before production start, enabled a novel thin bed formation evaluation technique based on the modified Thomas-Stieber method (Johansen et al. 2018). The method increased the in-place oil volumes within the Triassic reservoir zone internally named Skagerrak 2. This led to several improvements and a modified drainage strategy of Ivar Aasen. Several good producers were placed in the complex net of the Skagerrak 2 Formation. Results from these producers have encouraged development of an even more marginal and complex net, deeper into the Triassic sedimentary sequence. Therefore, another “geopilot” was drilled into the deeper Triassic sediments, internally named as the Alluvial Fan. This zone exhibits conglomerate clasts in a matrix varying between clay, silt, feldspars, and very fine to very coarse sand fractions, grading towards gravel. Previously, this zone was considered to be mostly non-net. Applying the same interpretation method as for Skagerrak 2, the Alluvial Fan promised economic hydrocarbon volumes. The latest geopilot proved producible hydrocarbons, and subsequently a producer was also successfully placed in this part of the reservoir. Production data and history matching from the beginning of production have for a long while established the previous increase of IA Triassic oil volumes published in 2018. Advanced studies of mineralogy and spectroscopy (Johansen et al. 2019) have indicated that a significant amount of the previously interpreted dolomite, could be reinterpreted as ferroan dolomite. The latter is a heavier mineral that increases the matrix density, hence also the total porosity. The additional findings described provided another necessary first-order correction to further enhance the evergreen geomodel. This paper describes this methodology which resulted in improved petrophysics and reservoir properties of the Alluvial Fan, yet again demonstrating the value of advanced wireline logs and detailed analysis that in total impacts the IA reserve volumes in a significant manner. Repeated success with the applied spectroscopy data and the thin bed methodology used today (Johansen et al. 2018), has resulted in even the deeper Braid Plain Formation becoming of economic interest. It is expected to lie within the oil zone in an upthrow block in the northern part of the IA field and could be developed into the next target.
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Harris, John M., Richard J. S. Whitehouse, Kate Porter, and Richard R. Simons. "Scour Development Through Time: Modelling Scour in Layered Soils." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10720.

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This paper describes the extension of an engineering model (Harris et al., 2010) developed to predict the time evolution of scour around a monopile in uniform granular soils in the marine environment to layered granular soils. The model is capable of looking at cylindrical, square and rectangular structures. It is capable of representing both the scouring and backfilling process and has been modified to incorporate the ability to predict the effect of scouring in layered soils making use of the results from recent experimental studies into scouring in non-uniform sediment beds. Output from the model is compared with the laboratory results and extended to look at potential implications at field-scale. The model is of use on those occasions when knowledge of the likely variation in depth of scour is important. Examples include predictions of scour development to inform the evaluation of the duration of time after pile driving for a fully developed scour hole to form for installation of scour protection, or to determine the likely exposure of cables entering and exiting offshore turbine foundations.
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10

Keefe, Douglas J., and Joseph Kozak. "Tidal Energy in Nova Scotia, Canada: The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) Perspective." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49246.

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Ocean energy developments are appearing around the world including Scotland, Ireland, Wales, England, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Norway, France Portugal, Spain, India, the United States, Canada and others. North America’s first tidal energy demonstration facility is in the Minas Passage of the Bay of Fundy, near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy (FORCE) is a non-profit institute that owns and operates the facility that offers developers, regulators, scientists and academics the opportunity to study the performance and interaction of instream tidal energy converters (usually referred to as TISECs but called “turbines” in this paper.) with one of the world’s most aggressive tidal regimes. FORCE provides a shared observation facility, submarine cables, grid connection, and environmental monitoring at its pre-approved test site. The site is well suited to testing, with water depths up to 45 meters at low tide, a sediment -free bedrock sea floor, straight flowing currents, and water speeds up to 5 meters per second (approximately 10 knots). FORCE will install 10.896km of double armored, 34.5kV submarine cable — one for each of its four berths. Electricity from the berths will be conditioned at FORCE’s own substation and delivered to the Provincial power grid by a 10 km overhead transmission line. There are four berth holders at present: Alstom Hydro Canada using Clean Current Power Systems Technology (Canada); Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co. Ltd. with technology partner Marine Current Turbines (UK); Nova Scotia Power Inc. with technology partner OpenHydro (Ireland) and Atlantis Resources Corporation, in partnership with Lockheed Martin and Irving Shipbuilding. In November 2009, NSPI with technology partner OpenHydro deployed the first commercial scale turbine at the FORCE site. The 1MW rated turbine was secured by a 400-tonne subsea gravity base fabricated in Nova Scotia. The intent of this paper is to provide an overview of FORCE to the international marine energy community during OMAE 2011 taking place in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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