Journal articles: 'Non-Māori'

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Charters, Claire. "Do Māori Rights Racially Discriminate Against Non Māori?" Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 40, no. 3 (December 7, 2009): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v40i3.5257.

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Claire Charters argues that the claim that Māori rights discriminate against non-Māori needs to be tested to a greater extent than it has been in both political and academic circles to date, not least because of its importance to the type of nation New Zealand is and seeks to be. She illustrates that from a contextual, comparative and theoretical standpoint Māori rights do not discriminate against non-Māori and to suggest that they do so will only increase Māori's detachment from the New Zealand polity.

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Atlas, Astrid, Ngaire Kerse, Anna Rolleston, Ruth Teh, and Catherine Bacon. "Falls and depression in octogenarians - life and living in advanced age: a cohort study in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 9, no. 4 (2017): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc17012.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Falls and injury have the most devastating consequences for very old people. Depression may be a significant cause and consequence of falls. AIM To examine the association between falls and depression in octogenarians. METHODS LiLACS NZ (Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand), cohort study data of Māori (aged 80–90 years, 11-year age band) and non-Māori (aged 85 years, 1-year age band) followed for 3 years was used to describe the incidence and prevalence of falls and depression. Falls by self-report were accumulated over 3 years. Geriatric depression score (GDS) was ascertained at baseline. RESULTS Over 3 years, fewer Māori (47%) than non-Māori (57%) fell; 19% of non-Māori and 20% of Māori scored 5+ (depressed) on the GDS. For non-Māori and Māori, people with depression were more likely to fall than Māori not diagnosed with depression (OR 2.72, CI 1.65–4.48 for non-Māori and OR 2.01, CI 1.25–3.25 for Māori). This remained significant, adjusted for age and sex. Depression was a significant predictor of hospitalisations from falls for Māori (OR 5.59, CI 2.4–12.72, adjusted for age and sex) and non-Māori (OR 4.21, 2.3–7.44, adjusted for sex). CONCLUSION Depression and falls are common and co-exist in octogenarians. GPs thinking about falls should also think about depression and vice versa.

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Denison, Hayley J., Amanda Eng, Lucy A. Barnes, Soo Cheng, Andrea ’t Mannetje, Katharine Haddock, Jeroen Douwes, Neil Pearce, and Lis Ellison-Loschmann. "Inequities in exposure to occupational risk factors between Māori and non-Māori workers in Aotearoa New Zealand." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 9 (May 2, 2018): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210438.

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BackgroundHealth inequities between indigenous and non-indigenous people are well documented. However, the contribution of differential exposure to risk factors in the occupational environment remains unclear. This study assessed differences in the prevalence of self-reported exposure to disease risk factors, including dust and chemicals, physical factors and organisational factors, between Māori and non-Māori workers in New Zealand.MethodsPotential participants were sampled from the New Zealand electoral rolls and invited to take part in a telephone interview, which included questions about current workplace exposures. Logistic regression, accounting for differences in age, socioeconomic status and occupational distribution between Māori and non-Māori, was used to assess differences in exposures.ResultsIn total, 2344 Māori and 2710 non-Māori participants were included in the analyses. Māori had greater exposure to occupational risk factors than non-Māori. For dust and chemical exposures, the main differences related to Māori working in occupations where these exposures are more common. However, even within the same job, Māori were more likely to be exposed to physical factors such as heavy lifting and loud noise, and organisational factors such as carrying out repetitive tasks and working to tight deadlines compared with non-Māori.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies internationally to compare occupational risk factors between indigenous and non-indigenous people. These findings suggest that the contribution of the occupational environment to health inequities between Māori and non-Māori has been underestimated and that work tasks may be unequally distributed according to ethnicity.

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Borell (Ngāti Ranginui, Ngāi Te Ran, Belinda, Kura Te Waru Rewiri (Ngāti Kahu, Ngāpuhi, N, Helen Moewaka Barnes (Te Kapotai, Ngāpuhi-nui-ton, and Tim McCreanor (Ngāti Pākehā). "Beyond the veil: Kaupapa Māori gaze on the non-Māori subject." Journal of Sociology 56, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783319893503.

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Kaupapa Māori methodologies in Aotearoa New Zealand have often been applied to content of immediate and direct relevance to Māori communities. Some of these include research about aspects of cultural revitalisation or examinations of the position Māori occupy within broader ethnic disparities, particularly in health and social outcomes. This article seeks to expand the application of Kaupapa Māori paradigms to research topics outside ‘te ao Maori’ (the Māori world). We argue that the Kaupapa Māori theorising of a Māori visual arts and culture scholar can provide crucial insights on white privilege in Aotearoa New Zealand with a view to addressing disparities and creating more embracing and equitable perspectives of belonging, citizenship and nationhood.

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Cunningham, Ruth, James Stanley, Tracy Haitana, Suzanne Pitama, Marie Crowe, Roger Mulder, Richard Porter, and Cameron Lacey. "The physical health of Māori with bipolar disorder." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 11 (September 15, 2020): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420954290.

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Aims: There is very little empirical evidence about the relationship between severe mental illness and the physical health of Indigenous peoples. This paper aims to compare the physical health of Māori and non-Māori with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in contact with NZ mental health services. Methods: A cohort of Māori and non-Māori with a current bipolar disorder diagnosis at 1 January 2010 were identified from routine mental health services data and followed up for non-psychiatric hospital admissions and deaths over the subsequent 5 years. Results: Māori with bipolar disorder had a higher level of morbidity and a higher risk of death from natural causes compared to non-Māori with the same diagnosis, indicating higher levels of physical health need. The rate of medical and surgical hospitalisation was not higher among Māori compared to non-Māori (as might be expected given increased health needs) which suggests under-treatment of physical health conditions in this group may be a factor in the observed higher risk of mortality from natural causes for Māori. Conclusion: This study provides the first indication that systemic factors which cause health inequities between Māori and non-Māori are compounded for Māori living with severe mental illness. Further exploration of other diagnostic groups and subgroups is needed to understand the best approach to reducing these inequalities.

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Bebbington, Mark, Matthew Goddard, Chin‐Diew Lai, and Ričardas Zitikis. "Identifying health inequalities between Māori and non‐Māori using mortality tables." Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 4, no. 2 (January 2009): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1177083x.2009.9522447.

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Moewaka Barnes, Angela, Belinda Borell, Amanda Gregory, Tim McCreanor, Raymon Nairn, and Jenny Rankine. "Suburban Newspapers’ reporting of Māori news." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.351.

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ENNY RANKINE, ANGELA MOEWAKA BARNES, BELINDA BORELL, TIMOTHY McCREANOR, RAYMOND NAIRN and AMANDA GREGORY (Te Rōpu Whariki Research Group, Massey University, Auckland) A content analysis of editorial items about Māori issues and the Treaty of Waitangi in 14 Suburban Newspaper publications in Auckland and Northland found a low proportion of articles about these issues, despite high proportions of Māori resident in several areas served by these publications. Stories included a higher proportion of apparent news releases compared to a national sample of non-daily papers. Māori perspectives came largely from sources representing pan-Māori non-government organisations; Suburban Newspapers used a low proportion of iwi and hapū sources compared with other community papers. Use of te reo Māori was low, and there were no signs of attempts to support readers in learning or increasing their understanding of te reo Māori. This article concludes that Māori and non-Māori readers are poorly served by the poverty of Suburban Newspapers’ reporting of Treaty and Māori issues.

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Coupe, Nicole M. "The Epidemiology of Māori Suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 12 (2000): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000456.

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AbstractSuicide is a Māori Public Health Issue. Suicide rates in Aotearoa/New Zealand are amongst the highest in OECD countries in the 15-24 year age group and second only to Hungary in other age groups (WHO, 1996; Disley & Coggan, 1996). Suicide is the leading cause of death for young people under the age of 25 years in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a major public health problem (Coggan, 1997). Approximatel, 540 New Zealanders kill themselves each year (Rose, Hatcher, & Koelmeyer, 1999). The total Māori suicide rate (per 100 000) increased to 17.5 in 1997, compared to non-Māori (13.1), and the Māori youth suicide rate (33.9) far exceeded the equivalent non-Māori rate (24.3), reflecting the disparity between Māori and non-Māori (Ministry of Health, 1997). This paper aims to present epidemiological data on Māori suicide and then use the existing literature to discuss possible reasons for the high Māori rate.

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Gurney, Jason, James Stanley, Melissa McLeod, Jonathan Koea, Chris Jackson, and Diana Sarfati. "Disparities in Cancer-Specific Survival Between Māori and Non-Māori New Zealanders, 2007-2016." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.20.00028.

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PURPOSE While cancer survival is improving across most developed nations, those improvements are not shared equally within their population. Using high-quality national data, we have reviewed the extent to which cancer survival inequities are persisting for indigenous Māori compared with non-Māori New Zealanders and the extent to which these disparities are driven by deprivation, comorbidity, and stage of disease. METHODS Incident cases of cancer (2007-2016) were extracted from the New Zealand Cancer Registry and linked to mortality and hospitalization data. Descriptive, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression methods were used to compare survival outcomes between Māori and non-Māori. RESULTS Māori continue to have poorer survival than non-Māori for 23 of the 24 most common causes of Māori cancer death, with the extent of this disparity ranging from 12% to 156%. The magnitude of these disparities varies according to deprivation, comorbidity, and stage. Of note, there was a tendency for survival disparities to be largest among those with no comorbidity. CONCLUSION Māori continue to experience substantial cancer survival inequities. These observations are in keeping with reports from previous decades, which suggest that these disparities persist despite heightened attention. Reduction of the cancer burden on Māori and achievement of equitable survival outcomes require us to prevent cancer for Māori where we can, diagnose Māori patients early when we cannot, and once diagnosed, deliver equitable care to Māori patients at each step along the treatment path.

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Qiu, M., R. N. Patel, and R. B. Gearry. "P690 Rates of IBD in New Zealand Māori population at Lakes District Health Board: low but increasing." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i590—i591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.811.

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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that is increasingly prevalent in New Zealand (NZ). Previous regional studies describe significantly lower rates of IBD in Māori (the indigenous people of NZ) compared to non-Māori. We aimed to describe IBD incidence and prevalence at Lakes District Health Board (DHB), with a focus on the Māori population. Methods All patients with IBD at Lakes DHB are managed using an IBD database. The database was reviewed and demographic, clinical, IBD phenotype, treatment and surgical data were extracted. Rates of IBD and other characteristics were compared between Māori and non-Māori. Results 197 IBD patients were identified, consisting of 100 (51%) with Crohn’s disease, 77 (39%) with ulcerative colitis, and 20 with IBD-unspecified. The median age was 48±17 and 100 (50.8%) were males. 15 (7.6%) patients were Māori and 182 (92.4%) European/other (Figure 1), leading to IBD ethnic-specific prevalences of 34.9 and 256.8/100,000, respectively. Rates of current/ex-smoking were similar in Māori and non-Māori (~30%), so was biologic use (40%). Despite statistically insignificant, Māori were more likely to be hospitalised over the last ten years (mean admissions 1.8 vs 1.1). In the last 20 years, there has been a steady increase in IBD incidence among non-Maori population. In Māori population, although the rates were consistently lower, more were diagnosed over the last 5 years, demonstrating an increasing incidence (Figure 2). Figure 1. Lakes DHB demographics and IBD status Figure 2. Comparison of IBD incidence in Māori and non-Māori at Lakes DHB Conclusion Our findings are concordant with previous studies showing gradually increased rates of IBD in NZ and low rates in Māori. However, rates in the last five years are increasing in Māori population which may reflect a true increase in incidence due to changes in environmental risk factor exposure or increased rates of presentation and diagnosis in Māori over the last five years.

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Wham, Carol, Ruth Teh, Simon A. Moyes, Anna Rolleston, Marama Muru-Lanning, Karen Hayman, Ngaire Kerse, and Ashley Adamson. "Micronutrient intake in advanced age: Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ)." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 10 (November 9, 2016): 1754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003597.

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AbstractA high prevalence of undernutrition has previously been reported in indigenous Māori (49 %) and non-Māori (38 %) octogenarians and may be associated with risk of micronutrient deficiencies. We examined vitamin and mineral intakes and the contributing food sources among 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori participating in Life and Living to Advanced age a Cohort Study in New Zealand, using a repeat 24-h multiple-pass recall. More than half of the Māori and non-Māori participants had intakes below the estimated average requirement from food alone for Ca, Mg and Se. Vitamin B6(Māori women only), folate (women only), vitamin E (Māori women; all men) and Zn (men only) were low in these ethnic and sex subgroups. Women had intakes of higher nutrient density in folate, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, K, vitamin A (non-Māori) andβ-carotene (Māori) compared with men (P<0·05). When controlling for age and physical function,β-carotene, folate, vitamin C, Ca and Mg were no longer significantly different, but vitamins B2, B12, E and D, Fe, Na, Se and Zn became significantly different for Māori between men and women. When controlling for age and physical function, vitamins A and C and Ca were no longer significantly different, but vitamin B2, Fe, Na and Zn became significantly different for non-Māori between men and women. For those who took nutritional supplements, Māori were less likely to be deficient in food alone intake of vitamin A, folate and Mg, whereas non-Maori were less likely to be deficient in intakes of Mg, K and Zn, but more likely to be deficient in vitamin B12intake. A lack of harmonisation in nutrient recommendations hinders the interpretation of nutrient adequacy; nonetheless, Ca, Mg and Se are key micronutrients of concern. Milk and cheese were important contributions to Ca intake, whereas bread was a key source of Mg and Se. Examination of dietary intake related to biochemical status and health outcomes will establish the utility of these observations.

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Barrett, Nikki M., Lisette Burrows, Polly Atatoa-Carr, and Linda T. Smith. "Hapū Wānanga: A Kaupapa Māori childbirth education class for Māori and non-Māori māmā hapū and whānau." MAI Journal: A New Zealand Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 11, no. 1 (November 23, 2022): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/maijournal.2022.11.1.5.

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Global studies attest that early engagement with childbirth education (CBE) classes enhances maternal and infant health outcomes. In Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori participation rates in CBE classes are lower than those of their non-Māori counterparts. Current CBE classes are designed and delivered using a predominantly Western medicalised approach that negates Māori birthing knowledge, expertise, and values. However, sporadically, Kaupapa Māori CBE classes are being delivered. This article draws on a wider study that explores the Hapū Wānanga (HW) CBE programme, a by Māori, for Māori pregnancy and parenting initiative. This mixed-method interpretive study used retrospective post-course survey data of 1,152 participants over a three-year period from the HW based in the Waikato District Health Board region. Data explored the programme’s quality, the impact on levels of knowledge and understanding, and the overall experiences and views of participants. This artice interrogates the factors that shaped participation, engagement and acceptability of the HW for participants.

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Gurney, Jason K., James Stanley, Jonathan Adler, Heather McLeod, June Atkinson, and Diana Sarfati. "National Study of Pain Medicine Access Among Māori and Non-Māori Patients With Lung Cancer in New Zealand." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (August 2021): 1276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00141.

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PURPOSE Pain is among the most common and consequential symptoms of cancer, particularly in the context of lung cancer. Māori have extremely high rates of lung cancer, and there is evidence that Māori patients with lung cancer are less likely to receive curative treatment and more likely to receive palliative treatment and to wait longer for their treatment than non-Māori New Zealanders. The extent to which Māori patients with lung cancer are also less likely to have access to pain medicines as part of their supportive care remains unclear. METHODS Using national-level Cancer Registry and linked health records, we describe access to subsidized pain medicines among patients with lung cancer diagnosed over the decade spanning 2007-2016 and compare access between Māori and non-Māori patients. Descriptive and logistic regression methods were used to compare access between ethnic groups. RESULTS We observed that the majority of patients with lung cancer are accessing some form of pain medicine and there do not appear to be strong differences between Māori and non-Māori in terms of overall access or the type of pain medicine dispensed. However, Māori patients appeared more likely than non-Māori to first access pain medicines within 2 weeks before their death and commensurately less likely to access them more than 24 weeks before death. CONCLUSION Given the plausibility that there are differences in first access to pain medicines (particularly opioid medicines) among Māori approaching end of life, further investigation of the factors contributing to this disparity is required.

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Reid, Kate L., Annabel L. M. Ahuriri-Driscoll, Catriona R. Mackay, Pauline Barnett, and Ann K. Richardson. "Living with and beyond cancer: a qualitative analysis." Qualitative Research Journal 20, no. 2 (March 19, 2020): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-12-2019-0097.

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Purposeto provide a bicultural perspective on the views of people who have completed cancer treatment and, of health providers.Design/methodology/approachQualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals (people who had recently completed cancer treatment and health providers). General inductive analysis was undertaken with all interview data, and a Kaupapa Māori approach was employed with the data from Māori participants.FindingsThemes for Māori participants are as follows: (1) understanding health information is enhanced by connection and relationship; (2) the “professional” is personal and (3) enduring beyond cancer is “our” responsibility. Themes for non-Māori participants are as follows: (1) from survivorship to living with and beyond cancer; (2) from the hospital to primary care and (3) support for living with and beyond cancer.Practical implicationsPositive relationships, communication and self-determination are important for Māori making the transition from hospital to the community after cancer treatment. Well-coordinated processes and services are vital for supporting transitions from hospital to community for non-Māori living with and beyond cancer.Originality/valueThis research presents the diversity of Māori and non-Māori experiences of living with and beyond cancer, adding to the limited New Zealand literature regarding post-treatment supportive care. This paper is among the first to undertake separate interviews and thematic analyses of Māori and non-Māori experiences, and to report these separately. Determinants of positive survivorship experiences are identified, specifying a central and expanded role for cancer care services.

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McMeeking, Sacha, Helen Leahy, and Catherine Savage. "An Indigenous self-determination social movement response to COVID-19." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 4 (October 24, 2020): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120967730.

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For Māori in New Zealand, COVID-19 is remarkable in two particular ways. First, we bet the odds for the first time in contemporary history. Forecasts predicted that Māori would have double the infection and mortality rates of non-Māori. However, as at June 2020, Māori have a disproportionately lower infection rate than non-Māori. This is perhaps the only example in our contemporary history of the Māori community having better social outcomes than non-Māori. Second is that attribution is due, perhaps not exclusively, but materially to a self-determination social movement within our Indigenous communities that the pandemic response unveiled and accelerated. This article comments on this self-determination social movement, with a particular focus on how that movement has manifested within the South Island of New Zealand. We specifically draw on the work of Te Pūtahitanga o Te Waipounamu, the South Island Whānau Ora Commissioning Agency to illustrate our analysis.

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Tupou, Jessica, Sally Curtis, Dorothy Taare-Smith, Ali Glasgow, and Hannah Waddington. "Māori and autism: A scoping review." Autism 25, no. 7 (June 4, 2021): 1844–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211018649.

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Cultural groups may vary considerably in their understandings of autism spectrum disorder and approaches to supporting autistic individuals. However, approaches to researching, identifying and managing autism are largely dominated by Western perspectives. This review provides an overview of the literature related to autism and Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand. A search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature identified 273 potentially relevant publications, and 13 of these met inclusion criteria. The included publications addressed questions related to Māori understandings of autism, Māori prevalence rates and diagnostic and support services for Māori. Findings suggest broad differences in Māori and Western understandings of autism and slightly higher autism prevalence rates for Māori than for non-Māori New Zealanders. The need for diagnostic and support services that are both effective and culturally appropriate for Māori was also highlighted. These findings are discussed in relation to implications for future research and the provision of services for autistic Māori. Lay abstract Most current approaches to identifying, researching and managing autism are based on Western views and understandings. However, different cultural groups may understand and approach autism differently. We searched a wide range of websites, academic journals and other sources for published information related to autism and Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Our search identified 13 publications that addressed questions related to Māori understandings of autism, Māori prevalence rates and diagnostic and support services for Māori. Overall, we found broad differences in Māori and Western understandings of autism and slightly higher autism prevalence rates for Māori than for non-Māori New Zealanders. Findings also highlighted a need for diagnostic and support services that are both effective and culturally appropriate for Māori. We discuss what these findings might mean for future research and the provision of services for Māori with autism.

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McLeod, Melissa, Peter Sandiford, Giorgi Kvizhinadze, Karen Bartholomew, and Sue Crengle. "Impact of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on ethnic health inequities in New Zealand: a cost-effectiveness analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e037145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037145.

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ObjectiveThere are large inequities in the lung cancer burden for the Indigenous Māori population of New Zealand. We model the potential lifetime health gains, equity impacts and cost-effectiveness of a national low-dose CT (LDCT) screening programme for lung cancer in smokers aged 55–74 years with a 30 pack-year history, and for formers smokers who have quit within the last 15 years.DesignA Markov macrosimulation model estimated: health benefits (health-adjusted life-years (HALYs)), costs and cost-effectiveness of biennial LDCT screening. Input parameters came from literature and NZ-linked health datasets.SettingNew Zealand.ParticipantsPopulation aged 55–74 years in 2011.InterventionsBiennial LDCT screening for lung cancer compared with usual care.Outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using the average difference in costs and HALYs between the screened and the unscreened populations. Equity analyses included substituting non-Māori values for Māori values of background morbidity, mortality and stage-specific survival. Changes in inequities in lung cancer survival and ‘health-adjusted life expectancy’ (HALE) were measured.ResultsLDCT screening in NZ is likely to be cost-effective for the total population: NZ$34 400 per HALY gained (95% uncertainty interval NZ$27 500 to NZ$42 900) and for Māori separately (using a threshold of gross domestic product per capita NZ$45 000). Health gains per capita for Māori females were twice that for non-Māori females and 25% greater for Māori males compared with non-Māori males. LDCT screening will narrow absolute inequities in HALE and lung cancer mortality for Māori, but will slightly increase relative inequities in mortality from lung cancer (compared with non-Māori) due to differential stage-specific survival.ConclusionA national biennial LDCT lung cancer screening programme in New Zealand is likely to be cost-effective, will improve total population health and reduce health inequities for Māori. Attention must be paid to addressing ethnic inequities in stage-specific lung cancer survival.

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Lawrenson, R., S. Seneviratne, N. Scott, T. Peni, C. Brown, and I. Campbell. "Breast cancer inequities between Māori and non-Māori women in Aotearoa/New Zealand." European Journal of Cancer Care 25, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12473.

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Wright-St Clair, Valerie A., Mere Kepa, Stefanie Hoenle, Karen Hayman, Sally Keeling, Martin Connolly, Joanna Broad, Lorna Dyall, and Ngaire Kerse. "Doing what's important: Valued activities for older New Zealand Māori and non-Māori." Australasian Journal on Ageing 31, no. 4 (February 29, 2012): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00583.x.

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Alexander, Hamish, Chris Irwin, Gordon Purdie, and Martin Hunn. "Incidence and management of high grade glioma in Māori and non-Māori patients." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 17, no. 9 (September 2010): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.01.033.

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Zawaly, Kristina, Simon A. Moyes, Phil C. Wood, Gary Cheung, Anna Rolleston, Stephen Buetow, Lynette Tippett, and Ngaire Kerse. "Diagnostic accuracy of a global cognitive screen for Māori and non‐Māori octogenarians." Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 542–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2019.08.006.

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Chamberlain, Joshua, Diana Sarfati, Ruth Cunningham, Jonathan Koea, Jason Gurney, and Tony Blakely. "Incidence and management of hepatocellular carcinoma among Māori and non-Māori New Zealanders." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 6 (October 29, 2013): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12108.

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de Bres, Julia. "Promoting the Māori language to non-Māori: evaluating the New Zealand government’s approach." Language Policy 10, no. 4 (November 2011): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-011-9214-7.

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McNabb, David. "A Treaty-based framework for mainstream social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand: Educators talk about their practice." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss4id667.

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INTRODUCTION: Globally, indigenous social work educators have pursued decolonisation and the development of decolonising practices as part of the indigenous peoples’ rights movement and based on social work principles of self-determination and social justice. Māori have advanced decolonisation based on the original partnership that was envisaged in the Treaty of Waitangi signed between Māori and the British Crown in 1840. Aotearoa New Zealand social work education has a stated commitment to a Treaty-based partnership approach.METHODS: This research engaged focus groups along with interviews of social work educators from nine of the 19 programmes across Aotearoa New Zealand to explore if, and how, this commitment to a Treaty-based approach was being demonstrated in the real world of practice. A diverse group of participants included Māori, Pākehā, Pasifika, and people identifying with other ethnic groups.FINDINGS: Māori and non-Māori participants gave a range of perspectives relating to practising within a Treaty-based context. The Treaty should be understood historically but also in its contemporary expressions noting the extra demands placed on Māori. Non-Māori had an important role in demonstrating Treaty partnership and confronting White privilege. The Māori cultural approach of Kaupapa Ma ̄ori was a foundation for a Treaty approach, and presented a challenge for non-Māori to learn this. A major challenge for programmes was having sufficient Māori staff.Conclusions: Based on the findings, a Treaty-based teaching and learning framework has been developed to support educators as they advance decolonising practices and the indigenisation of social work education in Aotearoa New Zealand.

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Wild, Cervantée E. K., Ngauru T. Rawiri, Donna M. Cormack, Esther J. Willing, Paul L. Hofman, and Yvonne C. Anderson. "A Collaborative Indigenous–non-Indigenous Partnership Approach to Understanding Participant Experiences of a Community-Based Healthy Lifestyles Program." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 8 (March 11, 2021): 1404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732321998640.

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We describe the approach of an Indigenous–non-Indigenous research partnership in the context of a qualitative study which aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to engagement in a community-based healthy lifestyles program in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Informed by Kaupapa Māori research principles and by “Community-Up” research values, this collaborative approach between the mixed Māori–non-Māori research team effectively engaged with Māori and non-Māori families for in-depth interviews on participant experience, including with non-service users. “Community-Up” research principles allowed for a respectful process which upheld the mana (status, dignity) of the interview participants and the research team. Challenges included maintaining flexibility in our conceptions of ethnicity to reflect the complexity of modern family life in Aotearoa/New Zealand. We were committed to ongoing communication, awareness, and attention to the relationships that formed the basis of our research partnership, which allowed effective navigation of challenges and was critical to the study’s success.

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Cameron, Vicky A., Allamanda F. Faatoese, Matea W. Gillies, Paul J. Robertson, Tania M. Huria, Rob N. Doughty, Gillian A. Whalley, et al. "A cohort study comparing cardiovascular risk factors in rural Māori, urban Māori and non-Māori communities in New Zealand." BMJ Open 2, no. 3 (2012): e000799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000799.

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Moewaka Barnes, Angela, and Helen Moewaka Barnes. "MĀORI IN UNEXPECTED PLACES: Watching Māori on Television." Sites: a journal of social anthropology and cultural studies 19, no. 1 (August 15, 2022): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/sites-id512.

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This paper draws on a study of audience responses, prompted by understandings of the power exerted by representations in television dramas. The wider study explored Māori and non-Māori meaning-making, emotions, feelings, and affective practices that arise when viewing Māori representations on locally produced television dramas. Findings from focus group responses to an episode of the local television drama The Brokenwood Mysteries are organised here, using a framework of the expected and unexpected that aligns with theories of Kaupapa Māori and affect. Three key themes emerged: ‘The Expected and Unexpected’; ‘Reflection and Challenge’; and ‘Motivations and the Writer’s Responses’. Although attention is on Māori, Pākehā responses are included. Māori were deeply affected and worked hard to pre-empt and address what they saw or expected to see. Although some Pākehā expressed discomfort and concern when responding to negative representations of Māori, they did not demonstrate the same levels of negotiation and contestation.

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Atlas, Astrid, Marama Muru-Lanning, Simon Moyes, Ngaire Kerse, and Santosh Jatrana. "Cell phone and technology use by octogenarians." Journal of Primary Health Care 12, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc19042.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONMany countries, including New Zealand, have an aging population and new technologies such as cell phones may be useful for older people. AIMTo examine cell phone and technology use by octogenarians. METHODSTe Puawaitanga O Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu- Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study In New Zealand (LILACs NZ) cohort study data of Māori (aged 80–90 years, 11-year age band) and non-Māori (aged 85 years, 1-year age band) followed for 3 years was used to describe the prevalence among study participants of the use of the internet, cell phones and watching pay-per-view television. Association of these activities with living arrangement, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive respiratory disease and participants’ cognition were examined. RESULTSTechnology use was relatively low among study octogenarians. Fewer Māori used cell phones and the internet (16% and 6%) than non-Māori (30% and 19%). Māori participants supported only by a pension were less likely to use cell phones than Māori with more income. More men watched pay-per-view television (e.g. SKY) than women. Living alone and having chronic lung disease were associated with not watching pay-per-view television. Participants who used the internet had higher cognition scores than others. Non-Māori women were less likely to watch pay-per-view television and non-Māori on a pension only were less likely to watch pay-per-view television than people on a higher income. Participants who lived alone were less likely to watch pay-per-view. CONCLUSIONRelatively low use of technology may limit potential for health technology innovation for people of advanced age. Socioeconomic and ethnic disparities will amplify this.

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Obertová, Zuzana, Nina Scott, Charis Brown, Alistair Stewart, and Ross Lawrenson. "Survival disparities between Māori and non-Māori men with prostate cancer in New Zealand." BJU International 115 (April 2015): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.12900.

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Rochford, Timothy S. "Ten reasons why genetics does not explain health disparities between Māori and non-Māori." New Genetics and Society 31, no. 1 (March 2012): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2011.597985.

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Stamp, L. K., J. E. Wells, S. Pitama, A. Faatoese, R. N. Doughty, G. Whalley, A. M. Richards, and V. A. Cameron. "Hyperuricaemia and gout in New Zealand rural and urban Māori and non-Māori communities." Internal Medicine Journal 43, no. 6 (June 2013): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.12062.

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Lawton, Beverly, Sally Rose, Jules Kieser, Jonathon Broadbent, Phil Sussex, Murray Thomson, and Anthony Dowell. "Disparities in edentulism and tooth loss between Māori and non-Māori New Zealand women." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 32, no. 3 (June 2008): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00225.x.

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Marques, Bruno, Claire Freeman, and Lyn Carter. "Adapting Traditional Healing Values and Beliefs into Therapeutic Cultural Environments for Health and Well-Being." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010426.

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Although research has long established that interaction with the natural environment is associated with better overall health and well-being outcomes, the Western model mainly focuses on treating symptoms. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the Indigenous Māori have long demonstrated significantly more negative health outcomes than non-Māori. Little research has examined the causes compared to Western populations or the role of the natural environment in health outcomes for Māori. An exploration of rongoā Māori (traditional healing system) was conducted to ascertain the importance of landscape in the process of healing. Eight rongoā healers or practitioners took part in semi-structured narrative interviews from June to November 2020. Transcribed interviews were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis and Kaupapa Māori techniques. The findings show how rongoā is underpinned by a complex set of cultural values and beliefs, drawing from the connection to wairua (spirit), tinana (body), tikanga and whakaora (customs and healing), rākau (plants), whenua (landscape) and whānau (family). Incorporating such constructs into the landscape can foster our understanding of health and well-being and its implications for conceptualising therapeutic environments and a culturally appropriate model of care for Māori and non-Māori communities.

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Lawrence, Aniva, Sharon Scott, Fabio Saparelli, Georgina Greville, Andrew Miller, Andrea Taylor, and Peter Gow. "Facilitating equitable prevention and management of gout for Māori in Northland, New Zealand, through a collaborative primary care approach." Journal of Primary Health Care 11, no. 2 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc18082.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONThe Gout Stop Programme was developed for primary care in Northland, New Zealand, to address inequitable health outcomes for Māori and Pacific people with gout. AIMThe aim of the programme was to make it easier for clinicians to prescribe urate-lowering treatment, facilitate patient adherence through education and support, and reduce barriers to gout prevention and long-term management. METHODSFrom 2015 to 2017, patients with acute gout who met inclusion criteria were prescribed treatment according to a ‘Gout Stop Pack’ option, based on renal function and diabetes status. Patients were monitored by community pharmacists. Gout educators and a Gout Kaiāwhina (community support worker) provided education and support to patients and whānau (families). Patient completion of the programme and outcomes, according to target serum urate level, were recorded. Patient experience was documented using a questionnaire and rating scale. RESULTSIn total, 160 clinicians prescribed therapy at 887 patient presentations; 71% were Māori and Pacific patients. The completion rate was 55% in this group and 84% for the non-Māori and non-Pacific group. In the Māori and Pacific group, 40% reached the target serum urate level (≤0.36 mmol L-1) in 91 days, and 26% required further titration. In the non-Māori/non-Pacific group, these rates were 51% and 19% respectively. Following programme completion, 68% of Māori and Pacific patients and 65% of non-Māori and non-Pacific patients continued to take allopurinol. The 21 patients interviewed rated the programme as excellent or very good. DISCUSSIONCulturally appropriate education and support for patients and the primary care team was essential. Collaboration between prescribers, community pharmacists and support workers reduced barriers to initiating prevention and long-term urate-lowering treatment and urate testing in this high-needs gout population.

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Nelson, Vicky, Michelle Lambert, Lauralie Richard, Sarah Derrett, and Emma Wyeth. "Examining the barriers and facilitators for Māori accessing injury and rehabilitation services: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e048252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048252.

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IntroductionInjury accounts for 10% of the global burden of disease. While the literature is scarce, research investigating injury among Indigenous populations has found incidence and prevalence rates are higher, compared with non-Indigenous populations. New Zealand is no exception; Māori have higher rates of injury and disability compared with non-Māori. Given the burden of injury for Māori, this scoping review aims to identify, understand and map available literature related to the barriers and facilitators to accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in New Zealand.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted to identify the relevant literature and provide an opportunity to highlight key concepts and research gaps in the literature. This work will be guided by the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley and will be underpinned by Kaupapa Māori research principles. The overall project is also be guided by a Māori advisory group. Database searches, for example, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus and Embase, will be used to identify empirical literature, and Google, New Zealand government websites and relevant non-government organisations will be used to identify relevant grey literature.Ethics and disseminationTo the best of our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to systematically examine the currently available literature relating to the barriers and facilitators of accessing injury-related healthcare for Māori in New Zealand. Ethical approval was not required for this scoping review. Dissemination will include publication of the scoping review findings in a peer-reviewed journal, as well as presentations at conferences, to the project’s advisory group, and staff working in the field of Māori disability and rehabilitation.

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Curtis, Elana. "Indigenous Positioning in Health Research: The importance of Kaupapa Māori theory-informed practice." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/alternative.2016.12.4.5.

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Understanding how to undertake Kaupapa Māori research can be a challenge for emerging health researchers. Unless emerging researchers have exposure to Kaupapa Māori theory or senior Māori health research expertise, the challenge of undertaking Kaupapa Māori research within health research contexts can seem daunting, and for some, too difficult to attempt. This article summarizes what an Indigenous positioning means to me as a health researcher, medical practitioner, academic and Māori community member, and why it is more than just a methodological approach. The theoretical basis of Kaupapa Māori—what it is, how it emerged and what it means for my own research practice—is explored. How Kaupapa Māori interacts with Pacific research methodologies, particularly when health research involves both Māori and Pacific participants, is discussed. It is hoped that this article will assist emerging researchers (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) to embrace Indigenous-appropriate research approaches within their own work.

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Awatere, Shaun, Jason Mika, Maui Hudson, Craig Pauling, Simon Lambert, and John Reid. "Whakatipu rawa ma ngā uri whakatipu: optimising the “Māori” in Māori economic development." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 13, no. 2 (April 7, 2017): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180117700816.

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One of the great challenges for indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs in the twenty-first century is to move beyond profit maximisation as an acceptable modality for doing business and gravitate towards the concept of socially optimal outcomes, where maximising community well-being and minimising externalities to the natural environment and social justice are paramount. We present findings from a case-study analysis of Māori enterprises that demonstrate a wealth of successfully kaupapa Māori (Māori ideology)-attuned strategy and policy. The case studies provide practical examples of the incorporation and expression of kaupapa Māori values into strategy and policy of Māori enterprises. We also identify the numerous challenges to implementing kaupapa Māori in the management of Māori Asset Holding Institutions and offer a way forward. Although the case studies are context specific, they provide some key principles and learning that can guide the greater uptake of kaupapa Māori entrepreneurship.

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Richardson, Ken, Zaramasina Clark, Michael Gaines, Hautahi Kingi, Sonja Miller, Willie Pearson, and Liz Richardson. "Āwhina Revolution: A Bayesian Analysis of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Completion Rates from a Program for Māori and Pacific Success in STEM Disciplines." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 1 (March 2018): ar15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-07-0117.

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Māori and Pacific students generally do not attain the same levels of tertiary success as New Zealanders of European descent, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. Te Rōpū Āwhina (Āwhina), an equity initiative at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand between 1999 and 2015, aimed to produce Māori and Pacific professionals in STEM disciplines who contribute to Māori and Pacific community development and leadership. A hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to estimate posterior standardized completion rates for 3-year undergraduate and 2-year postgraduate degrees undertaken by non–Māori-Pacific and Māori-Pacific students. Results were consistent with an Āwhina effect, that is, Āwhina’s positive influence on (combined) Māori and Pacific success.

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Wham, Carol, Ruth Teh, Simon A. Moyes, Anna Rolleston, Marama Muru-Lanning, Karen Hayman, Ashley Adamson, and Ngaire Kerse. "Macronutrient intake in advanced age: Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ)." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 6 (August 22, 2016): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003020.

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AbstractAs part of the 12-month follow-up of the longitudinal cohort study, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand, dietary intake was assessed in 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori octogenarians using repeat 24-h multiple pass recalls. Energy and macronutrient intakes were calculated, and food items reported were allocated to food groups used in the New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (NZANS). Intakes were compared with the nutrient reference values (NRV) for Australia and New Zealand. The median BMI was higher for Māori (28·3 kg/m2) than for non-Māori (26·2 kg/m2)P=0·007. For Māori, median energy intake was 7·44 MJ/d for men and 6·06 MJ/d for women with 16·3 % energy derived from protein, 43·3 % from carbohydrate and 38·5 % from fat. Median energy intake was 7·91 and 6·26 MJ/d for non-Māori men and women, respectively, with 15·4 % of energy derived from protein, 45 % from carbohydrate and 36·7 % from fat. For both ethnic groups, bread was the top contributor to energy and carbohydrate intakes. Protein came from beef and veal, fish and seafood, bread, milk and poultry with the order differing by ethnic groups and sex. Fat came mainly from butter and margarine. Energy-adjusted protein was higher for Māori than non-Māori (P=0·049). For both ethnic groups, the median energy levels were similar, percent carbohydrate tended to be lower and percent fat higher compared with adults aged >70 years in NZANS. These unique cross-sectional data address an important gap in our understanding of dietary intake in this growing section of our population and highlight lack of age-appropriate NRV.

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Hodge, Ken, Lee-Ann Sharp, and Justin Ihirangi Heke. "Sport Psychology Consulting With Indigenous Athletes: The Case of New Zealand Māori." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 5, no. 4 (December 2011): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.5.4.350.

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Sport psychology consulting with athletes who are from an indigenous ethnic group presents some challenges and opportunities that do not typically need to be considered when consulting with nonindigenous athletes. Māori1 are the indigenous ethnic group of New Zealand. To work as a sport psychology consultant with Māori athletes and indeed any indigenous athletes (e.g., Tahitian, First Nation Canadian Indian) it is important for the sport psychologist to have an understanding of Te Ao o Nga Tāngata Whenua (indigenous worldview) and tīkanga Tāngata Whenua (indigenous cultural practices; Hanrahan, 2004; Schinke & Hanrahan, 2009; Tuhiwai-Smith, 1999). Both research and practice in the social sciences regarding Māori people seek to use a Kaupapa Māori (Māori research and practice platform) approach. Kaupapa Māori attempts to ensure that cultural sensitivity is infused from the conceptualization of an intervention (e.g., psychological skills training, psychological intervention) through to the design, delivery, evaluation, final analysis, and presentation of the intervention or research project. A Kaupapa Māori approach to sport psychology consulting attempts to ensure that key Māori aspirations are honored and celebrated, as many Māori do not wish to follow a non-Māori ideology that depersonalizes the whānau (family) perspective and seeks individuality in its place (Durie, 1998a; Mead, 2003). Therefore, an effective sport psychology consulting program for an athlete who lives her or his life from a Te Ao Māori (Māori worldview) and tīkanga Māori (Māori cultural practices) perspective needs to be constructed as a Māori-for-Māori intervention based within a Kaupapa Māori framework.

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Mikahere-Hall, Alayne, Margaret Poutu Morice, and Cherry Pye. "Waka Oranga: The Development of an Indigenous Professional Organisation within a Psychotherapeutic Discourse in Aotearoa New Zealand." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 23, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2019.04.

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This article discusses the development in Aotearoa New Zealand of a fledgling Māori professional organisation, Waka Oranga, which is engaged in providing Indigenous healing and psychotherapeutic support to Māori families who experience trauma and discontent in their lives, and supervision and consultancy to Māori and non-Māori professionals. The article sets this development in context, discusses the symbolism of the organisation’s name and logo, summarises its organisational structure, values and processes, and concludes with its principles and vision.

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Marques, Bruno, Claire Freeman, Lynette Carter, and Maibritt Pedersen Zari. "Sense of Place and Belonging in Developing Culturally Appropriate Therapeutic Environments: A Review." Societies 10, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10040083.

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The connection the Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa-New Zealand, have to the land is threatened by the effects of colonisation, urbanisation and other factors. In particular, many Māori suffer significant health and wellbeing inequalities compared to the non-Māori population. In an effort to reduce such inequalities, there is a growing consciousness of the need to better understand the cultural and place-specific determinants that affect the health and wellbeing of population groups in different environments. This article explores how environmental and cultural connections to land enable the development of place-specific and culturally-driven principles that promote the health and wellbeing of Māori populations. It argues that concepts of place, belonging, landscape and wellbeing play an important role in linking environment and culture as well as in contributing to creating therapeutic spatial environments that promote both human health and ecosystems. A set of principles is developed that allows for the landscape design of such therapeutic environments while accommodating the socio-cultural and environmental values that promote health and wellbeing of both Māori and non-Māori people.

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Adcock, Anna, Beverley Lawton, and Fiona Cram. "E Hine: Talking about Māori teen pregnancy with government groups." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 12, no. 4 (December 2016): 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/alternative.2016.12.4.4.

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Despite improved access to health services in Aotearoa New Zealand there remains a significant socio-economic and health gap between Māori (Indigenous New Zealanders) and Pākehā (non-Māori). E Hine (Girl) is a qualitative Kaupapa Māori (by Māori, for Māori) research project seeking to identify barriers and facilitators to positive health outcomes for young Māori mothers (under 20 years) and their infants. We present the findings of a discourse analysis of six semi-structured interviews with 13 representatives from six government agencies who were asked how their agency catered to the needs of young Māori mothers. Interviews were conducted in Wellington in 2013. First, we discuss respondents’ perspectives on how their agencies work to increase positive health outcomes. Next, we discuss structural issues, such as resource distribution, organization, and “silence”, that may act as barriers to positive outcomes. Addressing these barriers is essential to successfully deliver policies and initiatives that meet the needs of young Māori mothers and their infants.

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Kidd, Jacquie, Heather Came, Sarah Herbert, and Tim McCreanor. "Māori and Tauiwi nurses’ perspectives of anti-racism praxis: findings from a qualitative pilot study." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 16, no. 4 (December 2020): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180120974673.

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This pilot study explored Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa (New Zealand)) and Tauiwi (non-Māori) nurses’ perspectives of anti-racism. A critical qualitative design was utilised, informed by kaupapa Māori (Māori philosophical approaches). Senior nurses with more than 7 years experience were recruited for focus groups. Two focus groups, one Māori ( n = 5) and one Tauiwi ( n = 4), were conducted September 2019 in Auckland. Data were analysed using the framework of a continuum of praxis which included themes of (a) problematic or racist, (b) variable and (c) proactive or anti-racism. Problematic praxis included examples of racism and White fragility. Variable praxis included Māori language and commitment to professional development. Proactive praxis included Māori workforce and reflexivity. These overarching themes illustrate a broad spectrum of anti-racism praxis within nursing. This continuum illustrated with examples is a potentially useful tool to assess and build proactive anti-racism praxis in nursing.

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Slim, M. Atif Mohd, Hamish M. Lala, Nicholas Barnes, and Robert A. Martynoga. "Māori health outcomes in an intensive care unit in Aotearoa New Zealand." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 49, no. 4 (June 22, 2021): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x21989715.

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Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and suffer disparate health outcomes compared to non-Māori. Waikato District Health Board provides level III intensive care unit services to New Zealand’s Midland region. In 2016, our institution formalised a corporate strategy to eliminate health inequities for Māori. Our study aimed to describe Māori health outcomes in our intensive care unit and identify inequities. We performed a retrospective audit of prospectively entered data in the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society database for all general intensive care unit admissions over 15 years of age to Waikato Hospital from 2014 to 2018 ( n = 3009). Primary outcomes were in–intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was one-year mortality. In our study, Māori were over-represented relative to the general population. Compared to non-Māori, Māori patients were younger (51 versus 61 years, P < 0.001), and were more likely to reside outside of the Waikato region (37.2% versus 28.0%, P < 0.001) and in areas of higher deprivation ( P < 0.001). Māori had higher admission rates for trauma and sepsis ( P < 0.001 overall) and required more renal replacement therapy ( P < 0.001). There was no difference in crude and adjusted mortality in–intensive care unit (16.8% versus 16.5%, P = 0.853; adjusted odds ratio 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.40)) or in-hospital (23.7% versus 25.7%, P = 0.269; adjusted odds ratio 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.60 to 1.18)). One-year mortality was similar (26.1% versus 27.1%, P=0.6823). Our study found significant ethnic inequity in the intensive care unit for Māori, who require more renal replacement therapy and are over-represented in admissions, especially for trauma and sepsis. These findings suggest upstream factors increasing Māori risk for critical illness. There was no difference in mortality outcomes.

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Reid, Papaarangi, Sarah-Jane Paine, Braden Te Ao, Esther J. Willing, Emma Wyeth, Rhema Vaithianathan, and Belinda Loring. "Estimating the economic costs of Indigenous health inequities in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e065430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065430.

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ObjectivesDespite significant international interest in the economic impacts of health inequities, few studies have quantified the costs associated with unfair and preventable ethnic/racial health inequities. This Indigenous-led study is the first to investigate health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults in New Zealand (NZ) and estimate the economic costs associated with these differences.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis. Quantitative epidemiological methods and ‘cost-of-illness’ (COI) methodology were employed, within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework.SettingData for 2003–2014 were obtained from national data collections held by NZ government agencies, including hospitalisations, mortality, outpatient and primary care consultations, laboratory and pharmaceutical usage and accident claims.ParticipantsAll adults in NZ aged 15 years and above who had engagement with the health system between 2003 and 2014 (deidentified).Primary and secondary outcome measuresRates of ‘potentially avoidable’ hospitalisations and mortality as well as ‘excess or underutilisation’ of healthcare were calculated, as the difference between actual rates for Māori and the rate expected if Māori had the same rates as non-Māori. These differences were then quantified using COI methodology to estimate the financial cost of ethnic inequities.ResultsIn this conservative estimate, health inequities between Māori and non-Māori adults cost NZ$863.3 million per year. Direct costs of NZ$39.9 million per year included costs from ambulatory sensitive hospitalisations and outpatient care, with cost savings from underutilisation of primary care. Indirect costs of NZ$823.4 million per year came from years of life lost and lost wages.ConclusionsIndigenous adult health inequities in NZ create significant direct and indirect costs. The ‘cost of doing nothing’ is predominantly borne by Indigenous communities and society. The net cost of adult health inequities to the government conceals substantial savings to the government from underutilisation of primary care and accident/injury care.

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Zawaly, K., P. C. Wood, L. Tippett, G. Cheung, A. Rolleston, and N. Kerse. "COGNITION IN THE OLDEST OLD MāORI AND NON-MāORI: A PROSPECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 1376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.5066.

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Dyall, Lorna, Mere Kepa, Karen Hayman, Ruth Teh, Simon Moyes, Joanna B. Broad, and Ngaire Kerse. "Engagement and recruitment of Māori and non-Māori people of advanced age to LiLACS NZ." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12029.

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Rigby, Garrick. "Therapist and Coloniser." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 21, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2017.12.

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This article discusses issues in treating the historical trauma of Māori, the colonised peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand. The advent of Māori psychotherapy has enabled valuable insight into the needs of such clients, but, even as it helps define a space of safety and nurture for Māori, questions arise about how non-Māori practitioners might treat Māori clients from outside this largely intra-cultural process. The article focuses on the response from New Zealand Pākehā (that is, New Zealanders of European descent), due to the fact that they are in the most primary bicultural relationship with Māori, in which an inherent white privilege and coloniser status complicates the relational process. Finally, the article discusses the difficulties Pākehā experience in bridging intercultural divides around cultural competency, power structures, and the importance of cultural self-awareness, which may also have a wider multicultural relevance to other tauiwi (non-Maori) practitioners. Whakarāpopotonga He matapakinga kaupapa whakatika i te hītori whetuki o te Māori, te tangata pēhitia o Aotearoa. Nō te tīmatanga ake o te whakaora hinengaro Māori te whakamanahanga o ngā mātauranga mārihi ki ngā hiahia ō aua kiritaki, engari, ahakoa e āwhinahia ana te tautuhi ātea haumanu, poipoi mō te Māori, ka ara tonu ake te pātai mō te momo whakaora kiritaki Māori ā ngā kaiwhakaora o iwi kē i waho ake i tēnei hātepe ahurei-takitahi. Ka arotika atu tēnei tuhinga ki te urupare mai ā ngā Pākehā, nā te mea ko rātau te kākano rua mātāmua ki te Māori, e puta ake nei te momo hao ā-mā me te tūranga kaipēhitanga hai whakauaua i te hātepe whakawhanaunga. Hai whakamutunga, ka matapakihia te uauatanga o te wheako Pākehā ki te whakawhiti tautuhi ahurei whakapā ki te toa ahurei, te mana whakatakotoranga, me te tokānuku o te tuakiri ahurei, ā, tērā pea he pānga whānui ake anō ki ngā kaimahi (iwi kē) kākano maha.

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Mooney, Hannah, Michael Dale, and Kathryn Hay. "Quality social work placements for Māori social work students." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 32, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol32iss3id769.

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INTRODUCTION: Māori perspectives should be genuinely represented and integrated into social work education to ensure Māori and non-Māori social work students alike are prepared for working effectively in Aotearoa New Zealand. In field education, Māori students may have particular needs and expectations that should be considered by academic staff and placement host organisations. Consequently, the placement experience for Māori students should reflect these needs and expectations.METHOD: As part of a wider research project which aimed to advance the quality of social work placements for Māori and Pasifika students, a hui was undertaken with a roopu (Māori branch) of the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Work (ANZASW) in late 2014. This article focuses on their views of what constitutes a quality placement for Māori social work students. The project explored two key areas: what does a quality placement look like for Māori social work students and what can tertiary institutions do to better support Māori students to have a quality placement?FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Participants emphasised the usefulness of placement preparedness, clear expectations and open communication prior to, and during, placement. The placement should also be culturally safe and adequately challenge the student. Tertiary providers should support the student’s placement by being in regular face-to-face contact; preparing the student for the placement environment; supporting external cultural supervision; and by critically reviewing their curriculum.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Māori'

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