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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Manual Transmissions'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Manual Transmissions"

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Qi, Xiaowei, Yiyong Yang, Xiangyu Wang, and Zaobei Zhu. "Analysis and optimization of the gear-shifting process for automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 13 (January 27, 2017): 1751–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685461.

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In recent years, it has been a trend for an automated manual transmission to be adopted as the powertrain for an electric vehicle. However, the strong degrees of jerk and power interruption during the gear-shifting process affect the shifting quality and restrict the application of automated manual transmissions. Therefore, it is a currently popular research topic to find an optimal method to improve the shifting qualities of automated manual transmissions. In this paper, the clutchless shifting process is analysed on the basis of a dynamics model of an automated manual transmission in an electric vehicle, and the parameters are optimized to improve the shifting quality using a defined comprehensive evaluation index. First, the dynamics model of the shifting process for an automated manual transmission is established by considering the stiffness, the damping and the non-linearity contact backlash of the gear mesh and the synchronizer. The whole shifting process is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and compared with that in the Adams model and bench experiments to prove the accuracy of the dynamics model. Then, the factors of the shifting quality, which include the shifting force and the control accuracy of the speed of the driving motor, are quantified. With the comprehensive evaluation index, all the main factors are described in a cobweb model diagram to find the optimal parameters of the shifting process. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation index can be reduced by 23% by regulating the parameters of the shifting process. This study may be conducive to improving the shifting quality of automated manual transmissions in electric vehicles.
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Hedman, A. "Transmission Analysis—Automatic Derivation of Relationships." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919252.

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A method for derivation of relationships for general mechanical transmission systems is given. It is adapted for computer-aided analysis and synthesis of the kinematics, loads, and power flows. Losses are included. All relationships are handled by a computer program. No manual dealing with equations is necessary. The user only describes the transmission systems: (1) The transmission units, e.g., gear transmissions, planetary gear trains, clutches and input shafts. (2) How the shafts of those units are connected. Then, the computer program formulates the relationships, and a computer algebra program performs algebraic eliminations. Symbolic, non-numerical, relationships between speeds and torques of two arbitrary shafts can be derived, e.g., the overall efficiency. Special algorithms handle the power flows in split-power transmissions. The method saves time and eliminates the risk for human errors.
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Wang, Michael Yu, Weijie Zhao, and Radhakrishnan Manoj. "Numerical Modelling and Analysis of Automotive Transmission Rattle." Journal of Vibration and Control 8, no. 7 (July 2002): 921–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775402029594.

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This paper describes a research work on modelling and numerical analysis of torsional vibration in automotive manual transmissions. The focus of the effort is on a decoupling procedure for the numerical analysis of gear rattle. The power train model is specified into a linear sub-system and a non-linear sub-system that includes the strong nonlinearities of gear backlash and multi-stage clutch stiffness. The weak coupling of the sub-systems is then exploited for efficient numerical analysis. It is shown that the decoupled model yields an acceptable accuracy with a significant gain in computational efficiency when using an algorithm of numerical integration of stiff differential equations or a finite element in time algorithm. Numerical simulation results for a Daimler-Chrysler vehicle power train are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Allam, Abdelrahman, Medhat Moussa, Cole Tarry, and Matthew Veres. "Detecting Teeth Defects on Automotive Gears Using Deep Learning." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 8480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248480.

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Gears are a vital component in many complex mechanical systems. In automotive systems, and in particular vehicle transmissions, we rely on them to function properly on different types of challenging environments and conditions. However, when a gear is manufactured with a defect, the gear’s integrity can become compromised and lead to catastrophic failure. The current inspection process used by an automotive gear manufacturer in Guelph, Ontario, requires human operators to visually inspect all gear produced. Yet, due to the quantity of gears manufactured, the diverse array of defects that can arise, the time requirements for inspection, and the reliance on the operator’s inspection ability, the system suffers from poor scalability, and defects can be missed during inspection. In this work, we propose a machine vision system for automating the inspection process for gears with damaged teeth defects. The implemented inspection system uses a faster R-CNN network to identify the defects, and combines domain knowledge to reduce the manual inspection of non-defective gears by 66%.
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Brancati, R., E. Rocca, and R. Russo. "A gear rattle model accounting for oil squeeze between the meshing gear teeth." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34757.

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In this paper a non-linear one-degree-of-freedom model for analysis of gear rattle vibrations in automotive manual transmissions is presented. In order to take into account the damping effects owing to the oil in the gap between two teeth of a meshing gear, a simple one-dimensional model for the oil-film squeeze effects is proposed. The squeeze model assumes that the damping force is proportional to the oil viscosity and to the extension of the oil film in the plane of curvature of the teeth, which may depend on the lubrication conditions (dry sump, splash, bath). The results provided from several numerical simulations, carried out with reference to helical involute tooth pairs, confirm the capability of oil in reducing the high-frequency vibrations subsequent to the impact between the teeth. In particular, the influence exerted by oil viscosity and gap extension on the rattle characteristics is investigated through the analysis of the transient response of the driven gear by imposing a harmonic motion to the driving gear.
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Han, Chang-Kyu. "Development of the Non-contacted Gear Detection Sensor for a Manual Transmission." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 21, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2013.21.5.001.

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Kocab, Annemarie, Ann Senghas, and Jennie Pyers. "From Seed to System: The Emergence of Non-Manual Markers for Wh-Questions in Nicaraguan Sign Language." Languages 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7020137.

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At a language’s inception, what determines which elements are taken up to build a grammar? How is the initial raw material reshaped through intergenerational language learning? We approached this question by focusing on the emergence of non-manual wh-question markers in Nicaraguan Sign Language (LSN), a young sign language. We asked whether the seeds of non-manual markers originate in the facial gestures of the hearing Nicaraguan community, and we explored the iterated process by which a form becomes selected and then systematized through generational transmission. We identified six non-manual facial and body movements produced with questions by 34 deaf LSN signers, representing three sequential age cohorts of learners, and compared them to those produced by 16 non-signing Spanish speakers. We examined the frequency and duration of each non-manual, and its temporal overlap with a question word. One non-manual, the brow furrow, was overwhelmingly represented among LSN signers, despite appearing rarely among non-signers and not being initially favored in duration or temporal overlap. With the second and third cohorts, the brow furrow emerges as a frequent and systematic marker. With each cycle of child learners, variable input was transformed into a more constrained set of grammatical forms.
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Morikane, Keita, Shoko Suzuki, Jun Yoshioka, Jun Yakuwa, and Masaki Nakane. "1214. Microbiological and Clinical Effectiveness of Pulsed-Xenon Ultraviolet Disinfection of the Patient Room in the ICU." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S436—S437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1077.

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Abstract Background Contact precautions do not necessarily control transmission of MDROs as other route of transmission such as patient environment may be significant. No-touch environmental disinfection has been highlighted in the past several years to control transmission of MDROs. The effectiveness of portable Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet (PX-UV) device has been examined and demonstrated in US healthcare settings. However, its effectiveness outside the US healthcare setting is seldom reported. Methods This study was conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Yamagata University Hospital, a 637-bed tertiary referral hospital. The ICU has six rooms and beds. In the baseline period (August 2016 to January 2018), all rooms were manually cleaned after every patient transfer/discharge. In the intervention period (February 2018 to February 2019), PX-UV disinfection was added after the manual cleaning. In both periods, all patients were screened for MRSA and two drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (2DRA) to detect acquisition of those pathogens in the ICU. For microbiological evaluation, surfaces were selected for sampling by contact plates before/after manual cleaning and after PX-UV. After overnight incubation, colonies on the plates were counted. Results The incidence of newly acquired MRSA declined over time (1.40 per 1,000 patient-days in the baseline period to 0.95 in the intervention period, relative risk (RR): 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12–3.70). The incidence of newly acquired 2DRA further declined (4.91 to 1.90, RR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.13–1.18). Notably, no new acquisition of 2DRA was observed since August 2018 for more than 7 months, not only in the ICU but also throughout the hospital. The total count of colonies in the sampling of 140 sites after 17 patient discharges were 3,540 (before manual cleaning), 669 (after manual cleaning, before PX-UV) and 261 (after PX-UV). The percent reduction of microbiological burden by manual cleaning was 81%, but a further 61% reduction was achieved by PX-UV. Conclusion PX-UV is effective in further reducing the microbial burden even after through manual cleaning, which presumably led to termination of transmission of 2DRA in our hospital. The effectiveness of PX-UV in controlling MDROs in the non-US healthcare settings is suggested. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Chandra, Shanel, Joseph Biederman, and Stephen V. Faraone. "Assessing the Validity of the Age at Onset Criterion for Diagnosing ADHD in DSM-5." Journal of Attention Disorders 25, no. 2 (February 27, 2016): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716629717.

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Objective: Research about Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) age of onset criterion for ADHD led to increasing that criterion to 12 in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Although an improvement from the previous age at onset of 7, whether this new criterion is adequate to capture all cases with ADHD remains uncertain. Method: We compared three groups of adults: (a) ADHD participants who met all DSM-5 criteria for ADHD ( n = 182), (b) late-onset ADHD participants who met all criteria except for later age at onset ( n = 17), and (c) non-ADHD participants who did not meet criteria for ADHD ( n = 117). We assessed patterns of symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, quality of life, social adjustment, and intelligence. Results: Compared with non-ADHD participants, all ADHD groups had poorer quality of life and had more impaired social adjustment. Compared with each other, the ADHD groups had similar patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, functional impairment, familial transmission, and intelligence. Conclusion: When assessing adult ADHD, self-reported onsets of ADHD after 12 years of age may be warranted.
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Xing, Dongqiu, Lihua Qi, Jing Zhao, and Yi Wang. "The design of computer controlled ground information transmission down platform in drilling." MATEC Web of Conferences 309 (2020): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030904017.

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In order to improve the drilling efficiency and avoid the disadvantages of manual operation, the method of sending the surface intervention instruction with computer instruction is researched. Based on the similarity of liquid flow, a set of hydraulic circulation system is used to simulate the drilling process, selected the key components, designed and built the intelligent drilling system indoor experiment platform; Define different commands with the length of the time and decode them and carried out the sending command experiment. The results show that the platform can successfully send the command to the downhole under the condition of non-stop drilling, which is the attitude intervention, command coding and Weak signal detection in the intelligent drilling system provides a new platform.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-Manual Transmissions"

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Fornari, Rafael V., Decio Yamada, and Alexandre Suzuki. "Prospects for Future Non-Manual Transmissions Developments for Vehicle Applications in Brazil." In 24th SAE Brasil International Congress and Display. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-36-0348.

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De la Cruz, Miguel, Stephanos Theodossiades, Homer Rahnejat, and Patrick Kelly. "The Effect of Thermo-Hydrodynamics on Manual Automotive Transmissions Gear Rattle." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87226.

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Manual transmission gear rattle is the result of repetitive impacts of gear meshing teeth within their backlash. This NVH phenomenon is a major industrial concern and can occur under various loaded or unloaded conditions. It fundamentally differs from other transient NVH phenomena, such as clonk or thud, which are due to impulsive actions. However, they all have their lowest common denominator in the action of contact/impact forces through lubricated contacts. Various forms of rattle have, therefore, been defined: idle rattle, drive rattle, creep rattle and over-run rattle. This paper presents a dynamic transmission model for creep rattle conditions (engaged gear at low engine RPM). The model takes into account the lubricated impact force between a gear teeth pair during a meshing cycle as well as the friction between their flanks. Hertzian contact conditions are applied to the gear pair along the torque path. Additionally, isoviscous hydrodynamic regime of lubrication is assumed for unselected (loose gear pairs) with lightly loaded impact conditions. The highly non-linear impacts induce a range of system response frequencies. These include engine order harmonics, harmonics of meshing frequency and natural frequencies related to contact stiffness. The last of these are dependent on the contact geometry and lubricant rheology. The analysis includes lubricant viscosity variation due to generated contact pressures as well as temperature. For loose gears, subject to oscillations on their retaining bearings, bearing friction is also considered.
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Oh, W., and R. Singh. "Examination of Clunk Phenomena Using a Non-Linear Torsional Model of a Front Wheel Drive Vehicle With Manual Transmission." In SAE 2005 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2291.

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Ruiz, Frank A., Andrés F. López, and John R. Agudelo. "Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Analysis of Diesel Particulate Matter From TEM Images Produced by Dual-Fuel N-Butanol Injection." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50518.

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This work analyzes the morphological characteristics and fractal dimension of diesel particulate matter (DPM) produced by multipoint-intake fumigation of n-butanol in a diesel engine. A novel methodology based on digital images processing (DIP) of micrographs from transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) is presented. Two DIP algorithms were developed and compared for identification and cleaning of TEM images background: the semi-automatic (supervised), which uses the Watershed transform, morphological operators and edge detectors; and the automatic (non-supervised), which further includes adaptive threshold methods. Both algorithms performed successfully when compared with manual methods allowing a significant time saving (from 12 hours manual to 2 minutes automatic). Results showed that mean primary particle diameter (dp0), mean particulates agglomerates diameter, and fractal dimension of the agglomerate (Df) of DPM, which were around 30 nm, 70 nm, and 1.9 dimension respectively, were not affected by n-butanol fumigation in comparison with Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). The algorithms were sensible to the manual selection of the primary particles from the micrographs, strongly affected the determination of total number of primary particles (np0) and its diameter of gyration (dg); but the Df is not affected. Both algorithms performed successful avoiding the user subjectivity and providing significant time saving during the analysis.
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Thomson, Barbara A., and Norman J. Armendariz. "X-ray Laminography Benchmarking and Failure Analysis of Solder Joint Interfaces." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0120.

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Abstract A new generation X-ray laminography (XRL) automated Xray inspection (AXI) tool was evaluated for surface mount technology (SMT) assembly defect detection and was qualified using formal “benchmark” comparative analysis processes. In addition, defect characterization was performed using the XRL AXI system in manual X-ray inspection mode to correlate various failure modes and mechanisms at SMT solder joint interfaces for selected non-destructive failure analyses and technology development. Since ball grid array (BGA) solder joint quality is a great concern in board assembly, test technology development and failure analysis teams explored the use of XRL AXI as a method to detect and monitor BGA ball abnormalities using XRL AXI-generated solder ball images and measurements. It was found that XRL AXI was able to successfully discern differences in the shape, location and diameter of the suspect BGA solder balls from XRL AXI horizontal image planes (slices) for physical failure analysis and reliability issues not previously detected using conventional X-ray transmission or electrical methods. Subsequent metallographic x-sectioning correlated the XRL AXI mages to the physical condition of the suspected second level interconnect (SLI) solder joint location.
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Senatore, Adolfo, Daniel Hochlenert, Vincenzo D’Agostino, and Utz von Wagner. "Driveline Dynamics Simulation and Analysis of the Dry Clutch Friction-Induced Vibrations in the Eek Frequency Range." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64597.

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Vibrations that arise during the slip phase of the clutch in the driveline of a motor vehicle yield to poor ride quality and result in discomfort and noise. The control systems in modern automated manual transmission systems couldn’t provide good improvement of vehicle longitudinal dynamics during gearshifts without a deep knowledge of the driveline model and its stiffness and damping parameters, along with the frictional conjunction between its main subparts. In this paper an original 5-degree of freedom mathematical model of the dry clutch mechanism is presented with the intention of studying the excitation in a passenger car driveline of torsional vibration by frictional actions during the slip phase of the engagement. Furthermore, the analysis aims to deepen about the coupling between pressure plate wobbling and torsional motions in order to improve the current understanding of the excitation mechanisms in the frequency region of the so-called “eek noise”, 250–500 Hz. The results of this work substantiate that enhancing of torsional motion in the characteristic frequency range of the “eek sound” occurs even regardless of the rigid wobbling motion of the pressure plate and underline the need to include the non-linear characteristic of the clutch cushion spring in the simulation of such a phenomenon.
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Atkinson, Mark, and Simon Slater. "Development of Contemporary Welding Procedures for Heavy Wall Hot Tap Split Tee Longitudinal Seam Welds." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64388.

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Historically, the manual metal arc welding (MMA) process has been used for welding of full encirclement split tees on hot tap connections for gas transmission pipelines. The National Grid high pressure gas transmission network currently consists of pipelines up to and including 1219 mm outside diameter. The large diameter pipes require split tee assemblies up to 80 mm thick. The arc time to complete welding can be considerable and requires multiple welders to complete welding in one continuous operation. The qualification of a mechanised gas shielded flux cored arc welding (GSFCAW) procedure for welding the longitudinal seams on large diameter tee connections would realise significant operational and cost benefits over the MMA method. The equipment for mechanised field welding is readily available for a large number of applications across many industries. Recent advances in the technology suggest that a suitable mechanised procedure can be developed for the longitudinal weld seams of split tee assemblies. The primary aim of this project was to qualify a mechanised GSFCAW process and set of procedures in line with the National Grid specification for welding longitudinal seams of split tee assemblies. A comprehensive welding and test schedule was performed using 50 mm tee material. Welding was performed using the Firefly welding system in three positions, flat, overhead and horizontal to cover the full range of welding positions required for tee connections with either horizontal or vertical off-take branches. Based on the mechanical testing and non-destructive examination (NDE) results, the combination of process and consumables used in this project have been qualified in accordance with the National Grid specification. A number of quality issues were observed during welding and recommendations to address these have been identified. The travel speeds achieved using the GSFCAW process are up to twice those recorded when welding a similar size fitting using MMA. Even after considering the remedial work required to rectify quality issues, the overall welding times recorded using the GSFCAW process were lower than those recorded on a similar size fitting welded on site using the MMA process.
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