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Journal articles on the topic 'Non malignant uterine diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 November 2022

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1

Basnet, Sunila, Shiva Raj KC, and Geetika KC. "Uterine Cervix-Benign Histomorphological Spectrum." Nepalese Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v1i1.20389.

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Introduction: Non neoplastic lesions of cervix form a wide variety of lesions in the cervical biopsy specimen or hysterectomy specimens. Chronic cervicitis is the commonest finding; but can be associated with other underlying pathologies. In our study we aim to study and categorize the morphology of non neoplastic lesions of cervix in cervical biopsy specimen or hysterectomy specimens into inflammatory, reparative or reactive lesions, glandular hyperplasia, metaplasia and ectopies and benign neoplasm.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study that consisted of 520 slides retrieved from the records of department of histopathology KIST medical college. Whenever required block were retrieved and recut sections were made. All the benign lesions were included in the study.Results: The commonest lesions diagnosed were inflammatory, reparative or reactive changes 513 (98.6%) cases, followed by metaplastic changes 311 (59.8%) and glandular hyperplasia in 44 cases (8.4%). Benign neoplasms were seen in 33(6.3%) cases.Conclusions: Cervix is a target organ for varieties of neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases. There are many benign mimics of malignant cervical lesions. It may be difficult to interpret adequately in a small biopsy specimen however it is necessary to distinguish between these benign lesions and their mimics to prevent unnecessary inappropriate treatment to the patient.Nepalese Medical Journal. vol.1, No. 1, 2018, Page : 1-4

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Palcic, B., D. Garner, and X. R. Sun. "Detection of Early Cancers by Quantitative Cytology." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037545.

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It has long been recognized that detecting cancers in their early, non-invasive stage is the best strategy to control malignant diseases. This has been best demonstrated by the example of cancer of the uterine cervix. Before screening for early signs of this malignancy, the prevalence of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix in the developed world was as high as 30 women per 100,000 and the mortality was 12-15 per 100,000 women per year, (all figures represent age standardized data). Since the introduction of cervical screening programs by Pap smears, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer and mortality due to this cancer has fallen dramatically. In British Columbia, for example, where population screening was introduced 50 years ago, the incidence and mortality have decreased several-fold and are at present below 6 and 3 per 100,000, respectively (1,2). It is believed that these figures could be even lower by encouraging more women into the program and by improving both sensitivity and specificity of the cytology.

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Micheletti, Adilha Rua, Ana Carolina Sandoval Macedo, Gisele Barbosa e. Silva, Ana Cristina Araújo Lemos da Silva, Mário Leon Silva-Vergara, Eddie Fernando Cândido Murta, and Sheila Jorge Adad. "Benign and malignant neoplasias in 261 necropsies for HIV-positive patients in the period of 1989 to 2008." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 53, no. 6 (December 2011): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652011000600002.

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Considering that there are some studies with autopsies from AIDS describing only malignant neoplasias and that changes can occur after the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), our objectives were to analyze the frequency of benign and malignant neoplasms in AIDS patients in the periods of both pre- and post-HAART. This is a retrospective study with 261 autopsies of HIV-positive patients between 1989 and 2008 in Uberaba, Brazil. Sixty-six neoplasms were found (39 benign, 21 malignant and six premalignant) in 58 patients. The most frequent malignant neoplasms were lymphoid, in 2.7% (four Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, one Hodgkin, one multiple myeloma and one plasmablastic plasmacytoma), and Kaposi's Sarcoma, in 2.3% (six cases). The most frequent benign neoplasms were hepatic hemangiomas in 11 (4.2%) of 261 cases and uterine leiomyoma in 11 (15.7%) of 70 woman. In the pre-HAART period eight (9.8%) benign neoplasias and four (4.9%) malignant occurred in 82 patients; in the post-HAART period, 29 (16.2%) benign and 17 (9.5%) malignant were present; however, the differences were not significant. We conclude that the introduction of HAART in our region doesn't look to have modified the frequency of neoplasms occurring in patients with HIV.

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Beneventi, F., E. Locatelli, G. Giorgiani, M. Zecca, F. Locatelli, C. Cavagnoli, M. Simonetta, S. Bariselli, B. Negri, and A. Spinillo. "Gonadal and uterine function in female survivors treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or bone marrow transplantation for childhood malignant and non-malignant diseases." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 121, no. 7 (March 24, 2014): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12715.

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5

Petkova, Kristina, and Venci Chalkov. "THE ROLE OF TUMOR MARKERS CA 125, CA 72-4 AND CA 19-9 IN DETECTION AND MONITORING OF THE COURSE OF DISEASE OF OVARIAN CARCINOMA AND CARCINOMA OF THE UTERINE BODY." Teacher of the future 31, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104931p.

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Undoubtedly, nowadays the number of patients suffering from benign or malignant tumors is increasing. Particularly affected is the female population with ovarian cancer, carcinomas of the uterine body and non-inflammatory diseases of the ovary, the oviduct and the broad ligament and other benign conditions. Carcinoma is one of the most common causes of mortality in our country, as well as in the Balkans. In our country malignant tumors occupy third place in terms of total patients treated, after diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system. Due to the rapid increase in the number of patients with the following diagnoses: ovarian carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, non-inflammatory ovarian disease, oviduct, broad ligament and other benign conditions, their timely diagnosis is of great importance for the possibility of their treatment and reducing the percentage of mortality. When setting the diagnosis, tumor markers have an important role, whose elevated blood concentrations indicate changes of benign or malignant origin. Tumor markers are substances (proteins, enzymes, hormones, etc.) secreted in the body as a consequence of its response in the presence of a benign or malignant change. Their measurement and identification is useful for establishing the diagnosis, as well as for monitoring the course of the disease and the success of the therapy. Tumor markers are usually determined in blood, urine or tissue samples using specific, immunochemical laboratory methods. In the medical practice, about 30 different tumor markers are used, but in the diseases that are subject of our research commonly are used the following: CA 125, CA 72-4 and CA 19-9. Besides these tumor markers, as a new tumor marker, in this research project is mentioned HE4 (human epididymis protein 4). HE4 in combination with CA 125 assists in determining the type of tumor mass (benign or malignant), through algorithm for estimating the risk of ovarian cancer (Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm - ROMA). The goals of this paper are: regular control of healthy women and women who have an increased risk of developing carcinoma (family history), diagnosing carcinomas, estimating the prognosis of the disease (prognostic factor), and monitoring the course of the disease and the success of applied therapy (postoperatively) by determining the concentration of tumor markers CA 125, CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 in blood serum, in combination with other examinations (echo, swab, PAP test, Power color doppler, etc.). For the realization of these goals as a method of work, the concentrations of tumor markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 in blood serum were determined using the apparatus - Immulite 2000 which works on the principle of chemiluminescent method, as well as the determination of the concentration of tumor marker CA 72-4 in blood serum using an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) method. On the basis of the results obtained, we came to the conclusion that the concentrations of tumor markers CA 125, CA 72-4 and CA 19-9 in the blood serum increase in the occurrence of ovarian carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, non-inflammatory ovarian disease, the oviduct and broad ligament and other benign conditions, and that they are reduced postoperatively and with applied therapy, with the exception of patients who have metastases also on other parts of the body, where their concentrations are still rising or remain unchanged. Due to the outcome of these types of diseases, regular controls are recommended for the female population.

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Sagidullina, G., А. Mukazhanov, А. Kukhareva, and М. Meirmanova. "Application of focused ultrasound in oncology: fundamentals and perspectives (literature review)." Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana 58, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2020-4-58-60-65.

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Relevance: The introduction into clinical practice of new non-invasive, safe and effective methods of treatment of benign and malignant diseases is an urgent task. The purpose was to study literature sources on the experience of using MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) method of thermal ablation for its subsequent implementation and use at the East Kazakhstan Region Multidisciplinary Center of Oncology and Surgery of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Results: The proposed method is based on real-time MRI-guided thermal ablation by focused ultrasound. Numerous studies have shown its clinical and economic efficiency, safety, and convenience for patients with bone metastases, early-stage prostate cancer, and uterine myoma. Conclusions: MRgFUS ablation is a modern non-invasive technique that expands the ways to treat benign and malignant tumors. In certain cases, it can be a good alternative to invasive treatments. MRgFUS ablation can be used in combination with other treatments.

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Al-Muzian, Lubna, Mohammed Almuzian, Hisham Mohammed, Aman Ulhaq, and Alexander J. Keightley. "Are developmentally missing teeth a predictive risk marker of malignant diseases in non-syndromic individuals? A systematic review." Journal of Orthodontics 48, no. 3 (January 18, 2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520984166.

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Background: Different genes and loci that are associated with non-syndromic developmental tooth agenesis (TA) have the same causation pathway in the development of tumours including breast cancer (BC), epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and lung cancer (LC). Objectives: To assess the link between TA and the development of cancer. Search sources: This registered review included a comprehensive search of electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline via Ovid) until 1 April 2020, supplemented by manual, grey literature and reference lists search. There was no restriction in term of date of publication, gender, race or type of hypodontia. Data selection: The primary outcome was the relationship between TA and cancer. The secondary outcome was to identify the genetic correlation between TA and cancer. Data extraction: Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and induplicate by two reviewers, with disputes resolved by a third reviewer. Results: Eight studies with a moderate-high risk of bias were included in the final review, with a total of 5821 participants. Due to the heterogeneity among the included studies, the data were presented narratively. Limited studies reported a high prevalence of EOC (19.2%–20%) and CRC (82%–100%) in individuals with TA (depending on the study) compared to those without TA (3% for EOC and 0% for CRC). While others reported a weak correlation between EOC and CRC and TA ( P > 0.05). Weak evidence suggested a strong correlation between breast, cervical uterine and prostate cancers and TA ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Though low-quality evidence suggests a link between TA and cancer, it was not possible to verify that TA can hold a predictive value as a marker for cancers. Further research is needed to confirm the association. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020139751).

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Samoilіuk, G. V. "Prevalence of tumor pathology of dogs in the metropolis." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 2 (2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2021.92016.

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A statistical analysis of the prevalence of tumor pathology of dogs in the city of Dnipro. 418 cases of registered oncological diseases of dogs were analyzed. It was found that malignant neoplasms are 1.5 times more common than benign. The most common tumors in dogs are tumors of the breast (35,9%), skin (22,0%), genitals (15,3%) and lymphoma(8,4%). Malignant neoplasms of the breast are registered 3.6 times more often than benign and surpass them in morphological varieties. Fibroadenomas and infiltrating and non-infiltrating carcinomas were mainly registered. Approximately the same number of cases of infiltrating and non-infiltrating cancers were noted. Benign skin tumors are more common than malignant. Mastocytosis, melanoma, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin and sebaceomas were the most commonly reported. In terms of morphological varieties, benign skin neoplasms are superior to malignant ones. Lipomas and papillomas are very common. Genital neoplasms of females and males are also common. Almost half of male genital tumors were malignant seminomas. Among benign neoplasms, serteliomas and leydigomas were more common. In females, the most common are uterine leiomyoma, vaginal fibroma and ovarian carcinoma. Lymphomas (8.4%) are also widespread in dogs in the metropolis. The average age of registration of these neoplasms was 7.5 years. Benign tumors in the oral cavity of dogs were twice as common as malignant, of which fibrosarcomas, squamous keratinized and non-keratinized carcinomas, and salivary gland adenocarcinomas were reported. In females, oral neoplasia occurred 3.2 times more often than in males. Only malignant venereal sarcomas and carcinomas were found in the nasal cavity of dogs. Sexual and pedigree predisposition was not observed here. Among neoplasms of muscles and bones there was only a malignant oncological pathology. Rhabdomyosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, myxoid liposarcomas and other soft tissue sarcomas were diagnosed in different parts of the dog’s body. Bone neoplasms are represented by osteosarcomas. Dogs of large breeds were most often affected and in most cases the hind limbs were affected. The predominant histological subtype was osteoblastic osteosarcoma.

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Petrovic-Rodic, Dusica, Tatjana Kastratovic, Danijela Jovanovic, Vladan Markovic, Jasmina Stojanovic, and Dalibor Jovanovic. "Lymphoma of the uterine cervix- a rare clinical presentation: A case report." Vojnosanitetski pregled, no. 00 (2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp210707080p.

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Background/Aim. Lymphomas are malignant diseases of lymphocytes. There are two basic types of lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) whose main characteristic is the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), which presents a heterogeneous group of diseases, and depending on the growth rate and the course of the disease, they can be indolent (slow-growing) and aggressive (fast-growing). Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent form of NHL, while diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive form. Case report. This paper presents a case of NHL, DLBCL, localized in the cervix, histo-pathologically diagnosed in a 35-year-old woman who, after a cervical biopsy, was patho-histologically diagnosed with mild dysplasia (CIN1 / L-SIL) of the cervical epithelium and, after that, an infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), subtypes 16 and 31 was proven. The diagnosis of DLBCL was patho-histologically confirmed on a conical section of the vaginal portion of the uterus, after which the disease was treated with eight cycles of chemotherapy (HT) according to the RCHOP protocol. Conclusion. The coexistence of CIN1 / L-SIL and NHL is random and may overlook concomitant cervical lymphoma, which is usually localized subepithelially, if the biopsy is not adequately performed and if HPV serotyping is not performed.

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10

Bergen, T. A., I. A. Soynov, V. A. Fokin, and G. E. Trufanov. "Magnetic resonance imaging prospects of prognostic value in women pelvic pathology." Сибирский научный медицинский журнал 41, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20210207.

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Aim of the study was to estimate the prognostic value of perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods in systemic evaluation of perifocal changes of malignant masses in women’s pelvis. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of MRI of the pelvic organs in women was performed on MRI scanners with a magnetic field of 1.5 T (Philips Achieva, Netherlands). The retrospective study included 1,5 T MRI of 530 women with pelvis pathology. It consists of 50 % (265 cases) of malignant pelvic mass and 50 % (265 cases) of non tumor pathologies. The most common malignant pathologies were regarded: rectum cancer (n=61), ovarian cancer (n=62), uterine cancer (n=65), cervical cancer (n=77). Group with non-tumor pathology was taken as comparison group and included inflammation (abscess), adhesions and other non-tumor pelvic pathologies (pseudocyst of peritoneum, hemorrhagic cyst, endometriosis). In all cases a body coil was used on pelvic region. MRI protocols included T2-, T1 – weighted imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, postcontrast T1 - weighted imaging. apparent diffusion coefficient value and perfusion value were estimated. Results and discussion. In intergroup comparison with systemic evaluation of MRI with ANOVA we revealed that the diffusion restriction and the apparent diffusion coefficient bear potential value for disease prognosis. Conclusions. MRI can be of value not only for evaluation of local spread, as well as providing wide opportunities for differential diagnosis and use of MRI as biomarker in some diseases. Such indications as restricted diffusion, apparent diffusion coefficient value and type of dynamic curve from perifocal lesion can benefit disease prognosis.

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Patel, Rinkal, and Tajeal Patel. "Comparative Study of Non-Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy with Abdominal Hysterectomy." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 2, S1 (November 3, 2018): e000157. http://dx.doi.org/10.32892/jmri.157.

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Aims and Objectives: 1) To compare safety and operative complications in abdominal versus vaginal routes of hysterectomy. 2) To compare the length of stay in hospital with regard to the route of hysterectomy. 3) To compare the postoperative morbidity in abdominal versus vaginal routes of hysterectomy. Methodology: The study is a prospective study conducted in the department of obstetrics and Gynecology. Civil hospital, Ahmedabad between the period of Jan 2016 to 2017. Of 100 patients. Fifty patients who underwent hysterectomy by vaginal route are taken as study group A, and the remaining 50 patients who underwent by the abdominal route are taken as study group B. Inclusion criteria for hysterectomy are: 1. Uterine benign diseases such as fibroids, adenomyosis and CIN. 2. Gynecological symptoms that justified total hysterectomy. 3. Patients without fertility requirement. 4. Patients who gave informed consent to participate. Exclusion criteria for hysterectomy are: 1. Uterine size more than 12 week of gravid uterus. 2. Highly restricted uterine mobility. 3. Malignancy 4. Patient with fertility requirement. Results: Majority of women undergoing hysterectomy were in age group of 30-50 years; postmenopausal age group women were less;13 NDVH and 5 in AH. Majority of the women were multipara in both age groups. Menorrhagia was found to be major indication with 42 in NDVH and 40 in AH. There is much significant difference in the postoperative pain in both groups with less in NDVH group. There is not much significant difference in blood loss in both the groups. Postoperative complications were more with AH. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that NDVH is feasible, safe and provide more patient comfort without increasing the duration of surgery and other post –operative complications.

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Yang, Qiwei, Maria Victoria Bariani, Ali Falahati, Azad Khosh, Ricardo R. Lastra, Hiba Siblini, Thomas G. Boyer, and Ayman Al-Hendy. "The Functional Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 9 in Human Uterine Leiomyosarcoma." Cells 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2022): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11142160.

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Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is the most common type of uterine sarcoma associated with poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence, and metastasis. There is currently limited information about uLMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Bromodomain (BRD)-containing proteins are involved in many biological processes, most notably epigenetic regulation of transcription, and BRD protein dysfunction has been linked to many diseases including tumorigenesis. However, the role of BRD proteins in the pathogenesis of uLMS is unknown. Here, we show for the first time that BRD9 is aberrantly overexpressed in uLMS tissues compared to adjacent myometrium. BRD9 expression is also upregulated in uLMS cell lines compared to benign uterine fibroid and myometrium cell lines. Inhibition of BRD9 using the specific inhibitor (TP-472) suppressed uLMS cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further characterize the mechanistic basis for TP-472 inhibition of uLMS cell growth, we performed a comparative RNA-seq analysis of vehicle-treated and TP-472-treated uLMS cells (n = 4 each). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TP-472 treatment distinctly altered the uLMS cell transcriptome. Gene set enrichment analysis identified critical pathways altered by BRD9 inhibition, including interferon-alpha response, KRAS signaling, MYC targets, TNF-a signaling via NFkB, and MTORC1 signaling. Parsimonious gene correlation network analysis identified nine enriched modules, including cell cycle and apoptosis modules. Moreover, the ENCODE Histone Modifications gene set and TargetScan microRNA analysis in Enrichr suggested that TP-472-induced BRD9 inhibition may alter the uLMS cell transcriptome by reprograming the oncogenic epigenome and inducing miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Therefore, BRD9 constitutes a specific vulnerability in malignant uLMS, and targeting non-BET BRD proteins in uLMS may provide a promising and novel strategy for treating patients with this aggressive uterine cancer.

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Vdovichenko, Yu P., and S. E. Gladenko. "Disturbances menstrual function at women with diffuse dysplasia of mammary glands." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 3(139) (April 30, 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.139.81.

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Diffuse benign dysplasia of the mammary glands is one of the frequent pathologies that practitioners almost daily encounter. Studying the mechanisms of development of pathological gynecological conditions, the researchers concluded that there is a pathogenetic connection between cyclic changes in the reproductive system and the physiological processes occurring in the mammary glands. This makes it possible to assume a high probability of occurrence of pathological changes in the mammary glands in various gynecological diseases, developing as a result of disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. The general inhibition and unity of the reaction of the reproductive organs to hormonal imbalance is the main prerequisite for the development of benign hyperplastic and the risk of malignant processes. The relevance of studying the reproductive health of patients with dyshormonal non-inflammatory pathology of the genital organs is due to the steady increase in the proportion of this pathology in recent years in the structure of gynecological morbidity, the rejuvenation of the patient population, and the lack of a single algorithm for rehabilitation measures. On the one hand, effective treatment reduces symptoms, guarantees quality of life, on the other hand, mastopathy is a risk factor for the development of a malignant tumor in the future. Therefore, timely correction of dysplasia can be considered as a variant of primary prevention of breast cancer. The choice of an adequate tactic to manage such patients from the existing variety of dosage forms is the key to the success of treatment. Key words: mammary glands, uterine myoma, dyshormonal breast diseases, mastopathy, diffuse dysplasia, fibro-cystic disease, progestogens, phytotherapy, transdermal progestogens.

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Bhat, Salma, Nazia Bhat, Isma Niyaz, and Rohi Wani. "A 2 year histopathological audit for non-oncological hysterectomies in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3260. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173145.

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Background: Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery in the world and is considered to be the most definitive treatment option for various diseases like DUB (dysfunctional uterine bleeding), leiomyoma, adenomyosis, chronic pelvic pain, prolapse, and malignancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical indications, routes of surgery and the correlation between preoperative diagnosis and histopathological examination of hysterectomy specimensMethods: This was a retrospective audit. The pre-operative diagnosis and histopathologic data of all consecutive specimens of hysterectomies were collected and analysed. Those with confirmed malignancy before operation were excluded. All elective as well as emergency hysterectomies (including obstetric hysterectomies) were analyzed. Preoperative indications were compared with the final histopathological report.Results: Most common indication for hysterectomy was symptomatic fibroid uterus followed by utero-vaginal prolapse and obstetric causes. Overall, there was no pathology identified in approximately 50% of all hysterectomies received in our department.Conclusions: Proper audit and review can help in improving the quality of health care in our country. The results of our study may help to reduce inappropriate indications for hysterectomy.

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Feger, O. V., and R. Yu Pogorilyak. "PECULIARITIES OF MALITY AND MORTALITY FROM MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, INCLUDING RESPIRATORY ORGANS, IN UKRAINE." Art of Medicine 22, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/artm.2022.2.22.99.

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Ukraine is on the list of countries with a high incidence of malignant neoplasms (MN). Among the adult population of Ukraine and European countries, the most common cancers are malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system (MNRS). High priorities in the continuation of MNRS research are determined by high rates of initially neglected cases of respiratory cancer and low survival rates of patients. MN is one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the WHO, in 2020 about 10 million people died as a result of MN. The most common were cancers of the breast, lung, colon, prostate, skin and stomach. At the same time, the highest number of deaths was recorded as a result of pulmonary disease. The aim is to investigate and analyze the indicators of the oncological service, as well as the level of morbidity and mortality for malignant neoplasms, including the respiratory organs among the population of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were the data of the Cancer Registry for 2019-2020. In the course of this study, the medical-statistical method and the method of structural-logical analysis were used. Results. According to the Center for Medical Statistics, as of the beginning of 2021, 1 million 187.6 thousand patients with oncological diseases are registered in medical institutions in Ukraine. Men most often had lung cancer, trachea and bronchi (15.3%), prostate (12.4%) and non-melanoma skin diseases (9.9%). In women, breast cancer (20.3%), non-melanoma skin diseases (12.9%) and uterine cancer (9.5%) were the most common. MN of the lungs, trachea and bronchi among women ranks 10th in the structure of morbidity. It has been established that in 2020 every fifth case of MN in Ukraine was detected in the abandoned (4th) stage. Oncological diseases in the first stage were detected in 22.8% of patients, in the second - in 24.6%, in the third - in 18.2%, in the fourth - in 20.5%. At the same time, fewer patients in the first and second stages were detected over the past year and, accordingly, more patients in the third and fourth stages. In 7.8% of primary patients, the stage was not determined. In general, 27.1% of Ukrainians have not lived a year since the detection of the disease. Of the MN of the larynx, the proportion of such patients was 25.1%, and of the MN of the trachea, bronchi, and lung - as much as 59.7%, that is, more than half of the patients. It has been established that in Ukraine in recent years, the detection of patients at professional examinations has almost disappeared. As of 2020, this figure was 20.2%. As for this indicator in case of MN of the respiratory organs, they are critical - 9.7% for MN of the larynx and 11.9% for MN of the trachea, bronchi, and lung. Even compared to 2019, this figure has decreased (22.4% in 2019). Conclusions. It has been established that in the structure of the incidence of MN among the population of Ukraine, the leading place is occupied by MN of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and they are also the main structure-forming factor in morbidity at the age of 30 to 74 years; most often, MNRO is detected in abandoned stages (third and fourth); 59.7% of patients did not live a year from the time of detection of MN disease in the trachea, bronchi, lungs, which is a significantly higher indicator than in MN in general (27.1%); The proportion of patients who are diagnosed with MNRO during preventive examinations is critically low (10.8%). The above data indicate the imperfection of the organization of oncological care for the population, which requires consideration and clarification of the causes at the regional levels.

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Mladenovic-Segedi, Ljiljana, Ilija Nenadic, Dimitrije Segedi, and Artur Bjelica. "Primary endometrial extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 11-12 (2018): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh180213072m.

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Introduction. Primary lymphomas of the female genital system are rare and represent about 2% of extranodal lymphomas and about 0.5% of malignant gynecological diseases, which occur in only 0.5% of cases in the cervix and uterine body. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma represents a rare variant of the primary genital lymphoma. Case outline. This paper presents the case of a 45-year-old patient who visited a gynecologist due to abnormal menstrual bleeding within the previous three years and bloody excrement between menstrual bleedings. The ultrasound examination raised doubts about endometrial polyps, thus the fractional exploratory curettage was performed. Histologically, a dense infiltration of stromal endometrium was demonstrated in the endometrium through fine-tuned lymphocytic cells that were highly positive for immunohistochemical markers CD20, CD79a, CD45, positive for CD5 in up to 5% of tumor cells, negative for Cyclin D1, CD10, and bcl-2. The proliferation marker Ki-67 was expressed in approximately 15% of the lymphocytic tumor cells. The patient?s uterus and adnexa were surgically removed and she did not receive any additional therapy. After a 3.5-year follow-up, the patient has been without a relapse of the disease. Conclusion. Although non-Hodgkin?s lymphomas of the genital organs, especially the MALT type of non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma, are extremely rare, they should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in women with menometrorrhagia and the ultrasound image of the endometrial polyps.

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Simarmata, Oster Suriani, Dina Bisara Lolong, Lamria Pangaribuan, Ning Sulistiyowati, and Eva Sulistiowati. "Penyebab Kematian di Kabupaten Gianyar Tahun 2010-2012." Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan 46, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v46i2.7.

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Abstract Cause of death statistics is one of key indicators to determine the health status of Gianyar community for 3 years (2010-2012) as part of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) study. The instruments used were Verbal Autopsy (AV) questionnaire and Causes of Death Form (FKPK). Data were collected from 13 puskesmas and 4 hospitals and analyzed descriptively according to ICD 10. Based on demoghraphic characteristics, the number of deaths is higher among males and older groups, and mostly occurred at home. The highest cause of death is non- communicable diseases (stroke, COPD, IHD, and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri) followed by communicable diseases (TB and diarrhoea) and transportation accidents. The top ten causes of death in Gianyar show that a non-communicable and communicable diseases would be a double burden for health services. It is essential to establish integrated posts for elderly and NCD, and measures for prevention of TB transmissions and treaments as well as early detection malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri for women had married or sexually active, and to increase the implementation of safe traffic programs. Keywords : cause of death, vital registration, Gianyar Abstrak Penyebab kematian merupakan salah satu indikator kunci untuk menggambarkan status kesehatan masyarakat di masyarakat Gianyar sebagai bagian dari penelitian registrasi sipil dan statistik vital selama 3 tahun (2010-2012) dengan menggunakan kuesioner Autopsi Verbal (AV) dan Formulir Keterangan Penyebab Kematian (FKPK) dari WHO. Data kematian dikumpulkan dari 13 puskesmas dan 4 rumah sakit, dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif, dengan pengelompokan penyebab kematian berdasarkan ICD 10. Berdasarkan karakteristik demografi jumlah kematian lebih banyak laki-laki, kelompok umur tua, dan di rumah. Penyebab kematian tertinggi disebabkan oleh penyakit tidak menular (stroke, PPOK PJK, dan kanker serviks.) diikuti penyakit menular (TB dan diare) dan kecelakaan lalu lintas. Sepuluh besar penyebab kematian terbanyak memperlihatkan adanya penyakit tidak menular dan menular yang merupakan beban ganda bagi pelayanan kesehatan yang harus dihadapi dalam pembangunan bidang kesehatan. Perlunya prioritas program promotif dan preventif seperti mengaktifkan posbindu (Pos Pembinaan Terpadu) lansia dan PTM, sosialisasi tentang upaya pencegahan penularan TB dan adanya program OAT gratis, deteksi dini kanker serviks pada wanita yang sudah menikah atau berhubungan seksual, dan penegakkan peraturan tata tertib pengguna jalan raya lebih ditingkatkan.Kata kunci : pola penyebab kematian, vital registrasi, Gianyar

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Shrestha, Amar Narayan, Barun Babu Aryal, Anurag Adhikari, Ayusha Poudel, Ramhari Rouniyar, and Bidur Khatiwada. "Histopathological findings on endometrial biopsy in a tertiary care center of Nepal: a retrospective cross-sectional study." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 1843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v11i2.38595.

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Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common presentation in endometrial pathology and endometrial biopsy is the investigation of choice. This study aimed to describe the histological findings of patients who underwent endometrial biopsy to estimate the most common endometrial diseases in Nepali women. Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using hospital records, and included females who underwent endometrial biopsy at a tertiary level hospital from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2020. Histopathological findings were categorized into eight groups, and patients were divided into three age groups to obtain the relative occurrence of each type of disease at different ages Results:342 female patients were included in the study, among which 97 were pregnancy-related and 245 were non-pregnancy-related. The mean age of the patients was 41.63 years (± 11.45 years). In 28 cases (8.2%) of the 342 total cases, the endometrial biopsy sample was deemed inadequate. Among the non-pregnancy-related cases, normal physiological changes were the most common reported finding (n=93, 38.0%), followed by abnormal physiologic changes (n=68, 27.8%). Premalignant conditions (n=15, 6.1%) and malignancy (n=5, 2.0%) were less common. Conclusions: Normal physiological changes and disordered proliferative endometrium are the most common findings in an endometrial biopsy. Endometrial hyperplasia and malignancy are less common, and usually found in women more than 40 years in age.

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Bhuiyan, Md Zillur Rahman, Atiar Rahman, Sarwar Alam, Sheikh Saiful Islam Shaheen, Md Ashadul Lslam, and S. K. Golam Mostafa. "External beam radiotherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy is an acceptable treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 7, no. 1 (August 5, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v7i1.29143.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cervical carcinoma is the second most common neoplasm in women worldwide and is the most frequent cancer among women in Bangladesh. In recent years, High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy in combination with External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) has been popular in the management of cancers of uterine cervix.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the effectiveness and acute toxicity of four fractions high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy following pelvic external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University & NICRH chosen as a research place for EBRT and HOR brachytherapy. A typical radiotherapy treatment involves daily inadiation for several weeks. Whole pelvis was treated with total dose of SO Gy in 5 weeks. Patients were treated once a day, 5 days a week with a daily fraction size of 2.0 Gy. EBRT: Pelvic radiotherapy dose is 50 Gy in 25 fractions (2.0 Gy per fraction) over 5 weeks. HDR brachytberapy dose is 7 Gy per fraction, total 4 fractions, each in a week over 4 weeks. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Ninety-eight patients were entered in the study. Three patients were excluded due to active non-malignant diseases. One patient had active tuberculosis, two patients had severe skin reactions and two patients withdrew following the first HDR application. The remaining Ninety patients were analyzed. Ninety patients completed the prescribed treatment and were evaluated. Eighty had complete response with relief of symptoms, negative Pap-smear and no clinical signs of persistence disease at 3 months. Ten patients had a positive Pap-smear with clinical signs of persistence disease. Patients were evaluated before statting treatment with EBRT and before starting treatment with HDR ICBT. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> It can be easily concluded that 4 fractions of HDR ICBT, 7 Gy each weekly and pelvic EBRT can effectively and safely control locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. So that EBRT and HDR ICBT is an acceptable treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Careful attention to normal tissue doses such as the rectum, bladder, and small bowel is important in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.</p>

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Terrell, Jason, Eleonore Josseaux, Helene Latora, Guillaume Rommelaere, Natalie Hardat, Marielle Herzog, Jake Micallef, and Mark Eccleston. "Circulating nucleosomes in hematological malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e20078-e20078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e20078.

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e20078 Background: There are over 700,000 new cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) diagnosed globally each year and approximately 415,000 deaths. The non-specific symptoms of lymphoma and leukemia often delay diagnosis. We investigated the circulating levels of intact nucleosomes containing the histone H3.1 isoform (Nu.Q-H3.1) in a variety of solid tumors, NHL, AML, ALL, and in healthy subjects. Methods: We measured levels of Nu.Q-H3.1 in plasma samples taken from 62 healthy volunteers (mean age = 45 yrs) and 329 patients diagnosed with cancer (mean age = 56 yrs), including 25 patients diagnosed with each of cancer of the bladder, bone, brain, oesophagus, cervix, skin, head & neck or melanoma, 21 patients diagnosed with uterine cancer as well as with NHL (n = 25), AML (n = 25) and ALL (n = 8). The cohort included samples taken from patients at diagnosis and at relapse. Whole blood samples were collected in EDTA plasma tubes, double-centrifuged at 1500 rcf for 15 minutes within 2 hrs of blood draw, after which plasma was transferred to a cryotube and frozen immediately until analysis. Plasma samples (20µl) were analyzed in duplicate for Nu.Q-H3.1 using an ELISA method developed and validated to CLSI guidelines. Results: We observed elevated levels of Nu.Q-H3.1 in the patients diagnosed with various cancers. Only 14 of 271 patients with a solid tumor had levels > 200ng/ml. In contrast the median Nu.Q-H3.1 levels observed for NHL, AML and ALL were 276, 284 and 585ng/ml respectively. The median nucleosome level in 62 healthy subjects was 40ng/ml; the highest level was 198ng/ml. The AUC for all patients diagnosed with NHL, AML or ALL (n = 54) vs healthy volunteers was 91% with a sensitivity of 74% at 95% specificity. The AUC for the subset of patients newly diagnosed with NHL, AML or ALL (n = 31) vs healthy volunteers was 92% with a sensitivity of 81% at 95% specificity. Conclusions: Elevated nucleosome levels have been reported for a number of diseases. Our early results indicate that levels of Nu.Q-H3.1 are particularly elevated in haematological malignancies and may be a useful diagnostic tool warranting further study.

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Tsyndrenko, Nataliia L., Anatolii M. Romaniuk, and Yana R. Nikolayenko. "CLINICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASTIC PROCESSES IN SUMY REGION." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 9, no. 4 (2021): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(4):342-351.

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Endometrial hyperplastic processes take an important place among the gynecological diseases in women of various ages and are one of the most common reasons for admission at inpatient gynecology departments. The urgency of the pathology is due to the significant prevalence of endometrial hyperplastic processes, high incidence of malignancy, prolonged relapsing course, and decreased reproductive function, since these diseases are one of the most common causes of infertility in women of childbearing age. The statistics related to the incidence of endometrial hyperplastic processes in Ukraine is not available. An analysis of case histories and medical records showed that in 40% of cases, endometrial hyperplastic processes were asymptomatic. In 60% of cases, the clinical manifestations of endometrial hyperplastic processes were menstrual disorders, such as dysmenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia. In 30% of cases, endometrial hyperplastic processes were recurrent. The most common concomitant pathologies of the pelvic organs were uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis; the most common concomitant extragenital diseases were hypertension and obesity. Our study and data analysis showed that there is an increasing trend in the incidence of endometrial hyperplastic processes in Sumy region in 2011–2020. The maximum incidence was in 2016. A correlation was found between hyperplasia incidence and age. Thus, the largest number of non-atypical and atypical endometrial hyperplasia cases was observed in women aged 45–55 years. The lowest number of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia cases was registered in women aged 66+, while atypical hyperplasia cases – in women under 30 years of age. Glandular polyps of the endometrium were most often diagnosed at the age of 31–44; the lowest number of these was found in women over 66 years. Most glandular-fibrous endometrial polyps were observed in women aged 45–55 years, while women under 30 presented with the fewest cases. Fibrous endometrial polyps were most common in older age groups – 66+; the lowest number of such endometrial polyps was found in women under 30 years. We attributed the decreased incidence of endometrial hyperplastic processes in 2020 to the quarantine measures introduced, which, as a consequence, led to the decreased number of diagnosed cases, since they are often asymptomatic.

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Sharmazanova, О. P., I. N. Safonova, and Y. S. Mitiakova. "Sonoelastography in differential diagnosis of pathological processes of the myometrium (literature review)." Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал 29, no. 2 (June 9, 2021): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46879/ukroj.2.2021.108-126.

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Background. Intrauterine pathological processes, the most common medical conditions of which are leiomyoma, adenomyosis and infiltrative adenocarci- noma, currently represent a quite prevailing group of gynecological pathology, dangerous due to the potential of malignancy and recurrence. The development of an integrated non-invasive diagnostic approach that takes into account risk factors, symptoms, clinical examination and imaging, makes it possible to make an accurate diagnosis, which is essential to determine therapeutic strategy. Рurpose – to carry out a systematic analysis of the uptodate scientific literature regarding the use of imaging methods in diagnosis of pathological processes of the myometrium and determine the main directions of their development in these pathologies. Materials and methods. The material for the study were publications and results of clinical trials found in Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases for the period from 2013 to 2020 based on the keywords like “adeno- myosis”, “leiomyoma”, “adenocarcinoma”, “sonography”, “sonoelastography”. Results and discussion. The complexity of diagnosing myometrial neoplasms, especially in case of combinations, initiates the search for new algorithms for diagnosing pathological processes of the myometrium, the purpose of which, ultimately, is to determine personalized strategy of treatment of female patients. According to the literature, recently sonoelastography potential has been increasingly used in diagnosis of the reproductive system diseases and assessment of the functional state of uterine tissues, contributing to differential diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of these diseases. Conclusions. Thus, there is a limited number of studies on the diagnosis of myometrium pathology along with insufficient general standards of technique for conducting and interpreting the findings of sonoelastography in the reproductive system pathology. Adding sonoelastography data to sonographic images in B-mode is useful for differentiating leiomyoma, adenomyosis, and normal uterus, which is reflected in increased accuracy and diagnostic consistency. Sonoelastography potential consists in increasing the accuracy of diagnosis, safety and availability of the method, its low cost. This contributes to the possibility of wider implementation of the technique in clinical practice in order to obtain additional diagnostic information.

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Kurosawa, Hajime. "Smoking and Non-malignant Diseases." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 68, no. 5 (2017): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.68.334.

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Luis, Angel Montero. "Radiotherapy for non-malignant diseases." Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy 18 (June 2013): S14—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpor.2013.04.004.

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Shirin, Haim, Marcis Leja, and Yaron Niv. "Helicobacter pyloriand Non-malignant Diseases." Helicobacter 13 (October 2008): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00635.x.

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Furuta, Takahisa, and Jean-Charles Delchier. "Helicobacter pyloriand Non-malignant Diseases." Helicobacter 14 (September 2009): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2009.00697.x.

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Vasilescu, Alin Mihai, Eugen Târcoveanu, Cristian Lupascu, Mihaela Blaj, Corina Lupascu Ursulescu, and Costel Bradea. "Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis—The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge of the Most Misdiagnosed Disease." Life 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12030447.

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Abdominopelvic actinomycosis is a rare chronic or subacute bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces israelii, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that normally colonizes the digestive and genital tracts, clinically presented as an inflammatory mass or abscess formation. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of the patients from our clinic with abdominopelvic actinomycosis who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2022. In this period, 28 cases (9 men and 19 women) were treated. The mean age was 43.36 years and they were hospitalized for abdominopelvic tumors or inflammatory tumors in 15 cases and inflammatory disease in 13 cases. Results: Causes of actinomycosis in the studied group were an intra-uterine contraceptive device in 17 cases, foreign bodies in 2 cases, diabetes in 4 cases, stenting of the bile duct in 1 case, and immunodepression. For 6 patients, we performed surgery by open approach and for 21 patients by a laparoscopic approach. For nine patients, abdominopelvic actinomycosis had been mimicking a colon malignancy (cecum and ascending colon, four cases; transverse colon, two cases; and on the greater omentum, three cases) and for six patients, a pelvic tumor (advanced ovarian cancer). After surgery the patients underwent specific treatment with antibiotics, with good results. In two cases we discovered and treated hepatic actinomycosis, one case by a laparoscopic approach and one case by a percutaneous approach. In our lot we noticed three recurrences that required reintervention in patients who had had short-term antibiotics due to non-compliance with treatment out of four such cases. Conclusions: For abdominopelvic malignancies, actinomycosis should be included in the differential diagnosis, as well as for inflammatory bowel diseases and bowel obstructions. We have a wide range of patients considering the rarity of this condition. Long-term antibiotics are necessary to prevent recurrence.

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Krzystek-Korpacka, Malgorzata, Dorota Diakowska, Katarzyna Neubauer, and Andrzej Gamian. "Circulating midkine in malignant and non-malignant colorectal diseases." Cytokine 64, no. 1 (October 2013): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2013.07.008.

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Kupcinskas, Limas, and Peter Malfertheiner. "Helicobacter pylori and Non-malignant Diseases." Helicobacter 10, s1 (September 2005): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00340.x.

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Matysiak-Budnik, Tamara, Wiktor Laszewicz, Dominique Lamarque, and Stanislas Chaussade. "Helicobacter pylori and Non-Malignant Diseases." Helicobacter 11, s1 (October 2006): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-405x.2006.00426.x.

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Traue, D. C., and J. R. Ross. "Palliative Care in Non-Malignant Diseases." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 11 (November 2005): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680509801111.

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Touitou, Yvan, and André Bogdan. "Tumor markers in non-malignant diseases." European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology 24, no. 7 (July 1988): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5379(88)90113-7.

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Rokkas, Theodore, Ilkay Simsek, and Spiros Ladas. "Helicobacter pylori and Non-malignant Diseases." Helicobacter 12, s1 (October 2007): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2007.00531.x.

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Traue, D. C. "Palliative care in non-malignant diseases." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 98, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.98.11.503.

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Mehra, R., S. Siwatch, S. Arora, and R. Kundu. "Non-puerperal uterine inversion caused by malignant mixed mullerian sarcoma." Case Reports 2013, dec12 1 (December 12, 2013): bcr2013200578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200578.

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Shahbazi, Roya, Behzad Baradaran, Monireh Khordadmehr, Sahar Safaei, Amir Baghbanzadeh, Farinaz Jigari, and Hamed Ezzati. "Targeting ROCK signaling in health, malignant and non-malignant diseases." Immunology Letters 219 (March 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.012.

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Zehra, Talat, Syeda Atiya Batool Gardezi, Mahin Shams, Sumaira Zareen, Iram Kehkashan Khurshid, and Zareen Irshad. "Frequency and Spectrum of Non-Malignant Lesions in Abdominal Hysterectomy Specimens." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 11, no. 03 (July 1, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/zzyv1850.

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Objective: To determine the histological spectrum of non-malignant lesions in abdominal hysterectomy specimens from women of reproductive age group. Study Design and Setting: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at a private hospital in Karachi from December 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: The uterine specimens of patients (n=262) between the ages of 24 to 55 years were collected. Hysterectomies done due to any benign uterine disease were included in the study. Hysterectomies due to malignant causes were excluded. Pathological diagnosis was done on light microscopy using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Data collected during the study period included patient's age, clinical history/diagnosis and histological diagnosis. On receiving the hysterectomy specimens as per protocol, specimens were immediately put in 10% formalin, appropriately labeled for patient’s name, gender, age and procedure. In histopathology lab, grossing of the specimens was done using standard protocols. Frequency and variables were analyzed by using descriptive statistics of SPSS-version 22. Results: Total n=262 hysterectomies were received. Mean age of all the patients was 34.7 years ±7.8. Non-malignant uterine pathologies on histopathology included 124(47.7%) leiomyomas, 52(20%) adenomyosis, 32(12.3%) endometrial polyps, 16(6.2%) endometrial hyperplasia, 6(2.3%) endometritis, 3(1.2%) disordered proliferative endometrium and 1(0.4%) endometrial stromal nodule. Rest of the cases showed normal phases of endometrial cycle. Only two cases (0.76%) out of 262 received as clinically benign uterine disease, were diagnosed as malignant on histopathology. Conclusion: Leiomyoma is the most common uterine pathology diagnosed in clinical setting as well as encountered at histopathological examination followed by Adenomyosis and endometrial polyps in women of reproductive age group in Pakistan.

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Hanprasertpong, Jitti, Virach Wootipoom, and Tharangrut Hanprasertpong. "Non-puerperal uterine inversion and uterine sarcoma (malignant mixed mullerian tumor): Report of an unusual case." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 30, no. 2 (April 2004): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2003.00167.x.

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Ciebiera, Michał, Sahar Esfandyari, Hiba Siblini, Lillian Prince, Hoda Elkafas, Cezary Wojtyła, Ayman Al-Hendy, and Mohamed Ali. "Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041178.

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Diet and nutrition are fundamental in maintaining the general health of populations, including women’s health. Health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa. Gene–nutrient interactions are important contributors to health management and disease prevention. Nutrition can alter gene expression, as well as the susceptibility to diseases, including cancer, through several mechanisms. Gynecological diseases in general are diseases involving the female reproductive system and include benign and malignant tumors, infections, and endocrine diseases. Benign diseases such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are common, with a negative impact on women’s quality of life, while malignant tumors are among the most common cause of death in the recent years. In this comprehensive review article, a bibliographic search was performed for retrieving information about nutrients and how their deficiencies can be associated with gynecological diseases, namely polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and infections, as well as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Moreover, we discussed the potential beneficial impact of promising natural compounds and dietary supplements on alleviating these significant diseases.

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Slavin, S., A. Nagler, M. Shapira, and S. Panigrahi. "Non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation (Nst) For the treatment of malignant and non-malignant diseases." Experimental Hematology 28, no. 7 (July 2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00479-3.

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Noh, Kyung W. "Role of endosonography in non-malignant pancreatic diseases." World Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (2007): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i2.165.

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Yabe, Hiromasa. "Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for non-malignant diseases." Journal of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation 5, no. 1 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7889/hct.5.1.

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Fishwick, David, and Christopher M. Barber. "Non-malignant asbestos-related diseases: a clinical view." Clinical Medicine 14, no. 1 (February 2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.14-1-68.

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Prasad, V. K., and J. Kurtzberg. "Umbilical cord blood transplantation for non-malignant diseases." Bone Marrow Transplantation 44, no. 10 (October 5, 2009): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2009.290.

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Kurti, Linda G., and Thomas C. O'Dowd. "Dying of Non-Malignant Diseases in General Practice." Journal of Palliative Care 11, no. 3 (September 1995): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979501100306.

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Recent policy changes within the British National Health Service have encouraged the provision of care within the community. The objective of this study was to explore the needs of informal caregivers of people with non-malignant diseases who wished to remain in their own homes until death. Semi-structured interviews with a non-random sample of 20 bereaved carers from 14 surgeries, their general practitioners, and district nurses were analyzed to discover the extent and quality of the care provided by the primary care team. One quarter of the doctors considered that palliative care applied exclusively to people with cancer. One half of the doctors felt that palliative care was primarily concerned with pain relief. Both doctors and nurses believed that their role was that of coordinating care for the patient. Carers were reluctant to criticize professional caregivers, but the results of this study suggest that carers need help with the burden of caring, including emotional support, advice and information regarding social services and financial benefits, and recognition of their caring role. Palliative care is not exclusive to people with cancer but should be extended to people with non-malignant diseases, encompassing not only symptom relief but also explicitly including emotional or spiritual support, care of the family, and support in preparing for the end of life.

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Alvarez, A., P. I. Martinez Rodriguez, M. I. Nuñez, A. Alba, M. T. Allende, and A. Ruibal Morell. "TPS cytosolic levels in non-malignant breast diseases." International Journal of Biological Markers 10, no. 3 (July 1995): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089501000311.

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Vasapolli, Riccardo, Peter Malfertheiner, and Arne Kandulski. "Helicobacter pylori and non-malignant upper gastrointestinal diseases." Helicobacter 21 (August 16, 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hel.12337.

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Alvarez-Sala, R., J. L. Alvarez-Sala, C. Prados, L. Callol, R. Blasco, and F. J. Gómez De Terreros. "Calcitonin in Broncho-Alveolar Lavage of Malignant and Non-Malignant Pulmonary Diseases." International Journal of Biological Markers 9, no. 4 (October 1994): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089400900411.

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Gulei, Diana, Lajos Raduly, Elisabetta Broseghini, Manuela Ferracin, and Ioana Berindan-Neagoe. "The extensive role of miR-155 in malignant and non-malignant diseases." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 70 (December 2019): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.004.

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QIANG, Yong-gang, Xiu-ping ZHANG, Jian LI, and Zheng HUANG. "Photodynamic therapy for malignant and non-malignant diseases: clinical investigation and application." Chinese Medical Journal 119, no. 10 (May 2006): 845–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029330-200605020-00009.

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