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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-local prior'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Fan, Wenshi, Hancheng Yu, Tianming Chen, and Sheng Ji. "OCT Image Restoration Using Non-Local Deep Image Prior." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050784.

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In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been widely used in image denoising for their high performance. One difficulty in applying the CNN to medical image denoising such as speckle reduction in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) image is that a large amount of high-quality data is required for training, which is an inherent limitation for OCT despeckling. Recently, deep image prior (DIP) networks have been proposed for image restoration without pre-training since the CNN structures have the intrinsic ability to capture the low-level statistics of a single image. However, the DIP has difficulty finding a good balance between maintaining details and suppressing speckle noise. Inspired by DIP, in this paper, a sorted non-local statics which measures the signal autocorrelation in the differences between the constructed image and the input image is proposed for OCT image restoration. By adding the sorted non-local statics as a regularization loss in the DIP learning, more low-level image statistics are captured by CNN networks in the process of OCT image restoration. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art despeckling methods, in terms of objective metrics and visual quality.

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Dong Yayun, 董亚运, 毕笃彦 Bi Duyan, 何林远 He Linyuan, and 马时平 Ma Shiping. "Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Based On Non-Local Prior." Acta Optica Sinica 37, no. 11 (2017): 1110001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.1110001.

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3

Cha, Geonho, Minsik Lee, Jungchan Cho, and Songhwai Oh. "Non-rigid surface recovery with a robust local-rigidity prior." Pattern Recognition Letters 110 (July 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.03.019.

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4

Xie, Bin, An Huang, and Hui Huang. "Weighted variational regularization image dehazing algorithm based on non-local prior." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1345 (November 2019): 022007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1345/2/022007.

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5

Zhao, Shengrong, Zehua Lyu, Hu Liang, and Mudar Sarem. "A Mixed Non-local Prior Model for Image Super-resolution Reconstruction." Chinese Journal of Electronics 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cje.2016.06.024.

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6

Kaplan, Adam, Eric F. Lock, and Mark Fiecas. "Bayesian GWAS with Structured and Non-Local Priors." Bioinformatics 36, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz518.

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Abstract Motivation The flexibility of a Bayesian framework is promising for GWAS, but current approaches can benefit from more informative prior models. We introduce a novel Bayesian approach to GWAS, called Structured and Non-Local Priors (SNLPs) GWAS, that improves over existing methods in two important ways. First, we describe a model that allows for a marker’s gene-parent membership and other characteristics to influence its probability of association with an outcome. Second, we describe a non-local alternative model for differential minor allele rates at each marker, in which the null and alternative hypotheses have no common support. Results We employ a non-parametric model that allows for clustering of the genes in tandem with a regression model for marker-level covariates, and demonstrate how incorporating these additional characteristics can improve power. We further demonstrate that our non-local alternative model gives symmetric rates of convergence for the null and alternative hypotheses, whereas commonly used local alternative models have asymptotic rates that favor the alternative hypothesis over the null. We demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of our structured and non-local model for different data generating scenarios and signal-to-noise ratios. We apply our Bayesian GWAS method to single nucleotide polymorphisms data collected from a pool of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal patients from the Alzheimer’s Database Neuroimaging Initiative. Availability and implementation R code to perform the SNLPs method is available at https://github.com/lockEF/BayesianScreening.

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SHANGGUAN, Hong, Yi LIU, Quan ZHANG, and Zhiguo GUI. "Fuzzy diffusion PET reconstruction algorithm based on anatomical non-local means prior." Journal of Computer Applications 33, no. 9 (November 6, 2013): 2627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.02627.

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WANG Yi-bin, 王一斌, 尹诗白 YIN Shi-bai, and 吕卓纹 L Zhuo-wen. "Underwater image restoration with adaptive background light estimation and non-local prior." Optics and Precision Engineering 27, no. 2 (2019): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20192702.0499.

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9

Johnson, Valen E., and David Rossell. "On the use of non-local prior densities in Bayesian hypothesis tests." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 72, no. 2 (March 2010): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2009.00730.x.

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10

Chen, Xiaole, Ruifeng Yang, Chenxia Guo, Shuangchao Ge, Zhihong Wu, and Xibin Liu. "Hyper-Laplacian Regularized Non-Local Low-Rank Prior for Blind Image Deblurring." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 136917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010540.

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11

Stille, Maik, and M. Thorsten Buzug. "Metal artifact reduction by projection replacements and non-local prior image integration." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0026.

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AbstractThe presence of high-density objects remains an open problem in medical CT imaging. Data of projections that passing through such objects are dominated by noise. Reconstructed images become less diagnostically conclusive because of pronounced artifacts that manifest as dark and bright streaks. A new reconstruction algorithm is proposed, which incorporates information gained from a prior image. Based on a non-local regularization, these information are used to reduce streaking artifacts. In an iterative scheme, the prior image is transformed in order to match intermediate results of the reconstruction by solving a registration problem. During iterations, temporally appearing artifacts are reduced with a bilateral filter and projection values passing through high-density objects are replaced by new calculated values, which are used further on for the reconstruction. Results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces streaking artifacts.

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12

Hamilton, Alan R., and David G. Behm. "The effect of prior knowledge of test endpoint on non-local muscle fatigue." European Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 4 (February 27, 2017): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3526-4.

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13

Zhang, Ligang. "Non-parametric spatially constrained local prior for scene parsing on real-world data." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 93 (August 2020): 103708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2020.103708.

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14

Sheu, Shyh-Yang, Chiou-Fen Shieh, and Ruey-Chyuan Shih. "Detection of a Non-local Seismicity Pattern Prior to Larger-size Earthquakes in Taiwan." Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 13, no. 2 (2002): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3319/tao.2002.13.2.125(t).

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15

Satapathy, Sukla, and Rajiv Ranjan Sahay. "Robust depth map inpainting using superpixels and non-local Gauss–Markov random field prior." Signal Processing: Image Communication 98 (October 2021): 116378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2021.116378.

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16

Jiang, Fei, Guosheng Yin, and Francesca Dominici. "Bayesian Model Selection Approach to Multiple Change-Points Detection with Non-Local Prior Distributions." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 13, no. 5 (October 12, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3340804.

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17

Sanyal, Nilotpal, Min-Tzu Lo, Karolina Kauppi, Srdjan Djurovic, Ole A. Andreassen, Valen E. Johnson, and Chi-Hua Chen. "GWASinlps: non-local prior based iterative SNP selection tool for genome-wide association studies." Bioinformatics 35, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty472.

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18

Sreehari, Suhas, S. V. Venkatakrishnan, Jeffrey P. Simmons, Lawrence F. Drummy, and Charles A. Bouman. "Non-local Prior Modeling for Tomographic Reconstruction of Bright Field Transmission Electron Microscopy Images." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 1561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615008582.

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19

Liu, Kun, Shiping Wang, Linyuan He, Duyan Bi, and Shan Gao. "An image dehazing algorithm based on double priors constraint." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818904009.

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Aiming at the color distortion of the restored image in the sky region, we propose an image dehazing algorithm based on double priors constraint. Firstly, we divided the haze image into sky and non-sky regions. Then the Color-lines prior and dark channel prior are used for estimating the transmission of sky and non-sky regions respectively. After introducing color-lines prior to correct sky regions restored by the dark channel prior, we get an accurate transmission. Finally, the local media mean value and standard deviation are used to refine the transmission to obtain the dehazing image. Experimental results show that the algorithm has obvious advantages in the recovery of the sky area.

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20

Koura, Mikifumi, Masaki Shiota, Shohei Ueda, Takashi Matsumoto, Satoshi Kobayashi, Keisuke Monji, Eiji Kashiwagi, et al. "Prognostic impact of prior local therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 51, no. 7 (February 24, 2021): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab019.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to reveal the prognostic values of prior local therapy in first-line therapy using androgen receptor-axis targeting agents (abiraterone or enzalutamide) or docetaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods The study included 303 patients treated with first-line therapy for non-metastatic and metastatic CRPC. The association between prior local therapy and therapeutic outcome including progression-free survival and overall survival was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses as well as propensity score-matched analysis. Results In univariate analysis, local prior therapy was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.56, 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.79; P = 0.0009). Overall survival, but not progression-free survival, was better among patients with prior local therapy compared with patients without prior local therapy even after multivariate analysis and propensity score-matched analysis. Conclusions This study robustly indicated that prior local treatment was prognostic for overall survival among patients with CRPC. This finding is useful to predict patient prognosis in CRPC.

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21

He, Chengxun, Le Sun, Wei Huang, Jianwei Zhang, Yuhui Zheng, and Byeungwoo Jeon. "TSLRLN: Tensor subspace low-rank learning with non-local prior for hyperspectral image mixed denoising." Signal Processing 184 (July 2021): 108060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2021.108060.

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22

Sarkar, Sourish, and Rajiv Ranjan Sahay. "A Non-Local Superpatch-Based Algorithm Exploiting Low Rank Prior for Restoration of Hyperspectral Images." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 30 (2021): 6335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2021.3093780.

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23

Rana, Vishal, Jerusha Fernandes, and Savina Gupta. "Local anaesthesia: Buffered or non-buffered? A comparative study." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 9, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2022.091.

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An ideal local anesthetic should act swiftly and be efficacious without causing discomfort or toxicity. Buffered anesthetic is useful when it comes to limiting toxicity because of the reduced volume that is needed and the decreased time it takes to be effective when compared with other conventional means. Buffered anesthesia uses sodium bicarbonate mixed into lidocaine prior to injection to neutralize the acid. All the patients were explicated about the study and its significance and valid informed consent was procured from those who were willing to participate in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the right and left sides of patient – side A and side B. Side A included patients that were injected with buffered solution [combination of LA with adrenaline 1:80,000 & sodium bicarbonate] and side B included patients that were injected with LA with adrenaline 1:80,000. The results of this study confirm that the routine use of alkalinized local anesthetic solution in cases of acute head and neck infections may improve patients’ comfort and speed up the time of onset of anesthesia. In conclusion, the use of sodium bicarbonate as an adjunct in local anesthetics is convenient, safe, easy to dispense, and readily available.

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24

Rogelj, Peter, and Wassim El-Hajj-Chehade. "Multi-Modality Non-rigid Image Registration Using Local Similarity Estimations." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 29, Supp01 (March 26, 2021): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848852140002x.

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In this study, we focus on improving the efficiency and accuracy of nonrigid multi-modality registration of medical images. In this regard, we analyze the potentials of using the point similarity measurement approach as an alternative to global computation of mutual information (MI), which is still the most renown multi-modality similarity measure. The improvement capabilities are illustrated using the popular B-spline transformation model. The proposed solution is a combination of three related improvements of the most straightforward implementation, i.e., efficient computation of the voxel displacement field, local estimation of similarity and usage of a static image intensity dependence estimate. Five image registration prototypes were implemented to show contribution and dependence of the proposed improvements. When all the proposed improvements are applied, a significant reduction of computational cost and increased accuracy are obtained. The concept offers additional improvement opportunities by incorporating prior knowledge and machine learning techniques into the static intensity dependence estimation.

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25

Zhang, Xiaofeng, Hua Wang, Yan Zhang, Xin Gao, Gang Wang, and Caiming Zhang. "Improved fuzzy clustering for image segmentation based on a low-rank prior." Computational Visual Media 7, no. 4 (August 5, 2021): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41095-021-0239-3.

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AbstractImage segmentation is a basic problem in medical image analysis and useful for disease diagnosis. However, the complexity of medical images makes image segmentation difficult. In recent decades, fuzzy clustering algorithms have been preferred due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, they are sensitive to noise. To solve this problem, many algorithms using non-local information have been proposed, which perform well but are inefficient. This paper proposes an improved fuzzy clustering algorithm utilizing nonlocal self-similarity and a low-rank prior for image segmentation. Firstly, cluster centers are initialized based on peak detection. Then, a pixel correlation model between corresponding pixels is constructed, and similar pixel sets are retrieved. To improve efficiency and robustness, the proposed algorithm uses a novel objective function combining non-local information and a low-rank prior. Experiments on synthetic images and medical images illustrate that the algorithm can improve efficiency greatly while achieving satisfactory results.

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Tayal, Aditya, Pascal Poupart, and Yuying Li. "Hierarchical Double Dirichlet Process Mixture of Gaussian Processes." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8309.

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We consider an infinite mixture model of Gaussian processes that share mixture components between non-local clusters in data. Meeds and Osindero (2006) use a single Dirichlet process prior to specify a mixture of Gaussian processes using an infinite number of experts. In this paper, we extend this approach to allow for experts to be shared non-locally across the input domain. This is accomplished with a hierarchical double Dirichlet process prior, which builds upon a standard hierarchical Dirichlet process by incorporating local parameters that are unique to each cluster while sharing mixture components between them. We evaluate the model on simulated and real data, showing that sharing Gaussian process components non-locally can yield effective and useful models for richly clustered non-stationary, non-linear data.

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Tignino, Mara. "Prior Notification and Water Rights." AJIL Unbound 115 (2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.23.

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International practice, including international instruments and case law, confirms that states generally accept that they have a duty to provide prior notification of planned measures that may have a significant adverse effect upon co-riparians. The principle of “prior notification” is framed differently in various instruments, and it can broadly include the duty to “notify” and “consult” on planned measures. Prior notification helps to prevent and mitigate disputes, as underlined by the ICJ. Notification and consultation create the conditions for cooperation among riparian states and for ensuring the protection of international watercourses. On the contrary, the lack of notification and consultation may aggravate disputes as in the case of the Great Renaissance Dam along the Nile River. The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses (Watercourses Convention) provides a detailed procedural framework on prior notification and consultation. This essay outlines the established characteristics of the prior notification and consultation duty, then argues that the duty should be viewed not only as an inter-state obligation but also as including the obligation to inform and consult local communities.

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Ren, Chao, Xiaohai He, Yifei Pu, and Truong Q. Nguyen. "Enhanced Non-Local Total Variation Model and Multi-Directional Feature Prediction Prior for Single Image Super Resolution." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 28, no. 8 (August 2019): 3778–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2019.2902794.

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Wang, J., L. Ouyang, W. Lu, and T. Solberg. "SU-E-I-33: Low-Dose CBCT by Iterative Image Reconstruction Using Non-Local Edge-Preserving Prior." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part4 (June 2011): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3611606.

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Cabras, Stefano. "A Dirichlet Process Prior Approach for Covariate Selection." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090948.

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The variable selection problem in general, and specifically for the ordinary linear regression model, is considered in the setup in which the number of covariates is large enough to prevent the exploration of all possible models. In this context, Gibbs-sampling is needed to perform stochastic model exploration to estimate, for instance, the model inclusion probability. We show that under a Bayesian non-parametric prior model for analyzing Gibbs-sampling output, the usual empirical estimator is just the asymptotic version of the expected posterior inclusion probability given the simulation output from Gibbs-sampling. Other posterior conditional estimators of inclusion probabilities can also be considered as related to the latent probabilities distributions on the model space which can be sampled given the observed Gibbs-sampling output. This paper will also compare, in this large model space setup the conventional prior approach against the non-local prior approach used to define the Bayes Factors for model selection. The approach is exposed along with simulation samples and also an application of modeling the Travel and Tourism factors all over the world.

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Navaza, J. "The use of non-local constraints in maximum-entropy electron density reconstruction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 42, no. 4 (July 1, 1986): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767386099397.

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Different expressions of the maximum-entropy estimates of the electron density function, corresponding to different prior information are obtained. They show that no general-purpose configurational entropy of density maps exists. Some universal properties of the modellings are discussed. In particular, the meaning of super-resolution is clarified. The information of lower and upper bounds of the electron density is not in general strong enough to produce atomic maps. Atomicity is then introduced as non-local constraints and applied to the problem of phase extension using experimental data and low-resolution model phases. In all cases, the knowledge of phases up to 3.5-3 Å and observed moduli up to 1.5-1 Å allows an estimate of the electron density of roughly the same quality as the 1 Å map obtained from a Fourier summation to be produced.

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Zhang, Lingli, Li Zeng, and Yumeng Guo. "l0 regularization based on a prior image incorporated non-local means for limited-angle X-ray CT reconstruction." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 26, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-17334.

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Xiao, Mian, and WaiChing Sun. "Geometric prior of multi-resolution yielding manifolds and the local closest point projection for nearly non-smooth plasticity." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 400 (October 2022): 115469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115469.

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Dwinata, A., A. Kurnia, and K. Sadik. "A Bayesian approach for Generalized Linear Model Using Non-local Prior (Case Study: Poverty Status in East Java)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1863, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1863/1/012026.

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Tang, Pingjie, Meng Jiang, Bryan (Ning) Xia, Jed W. Pitera, Jeffrey Welser, and Nitesh V. Chawla. "Multi-Label Patent Categorization with Non-Local Attention-Based Graph Convolutional Network." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 9024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6435.

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Patent categorization, which is to assign multiple International Patent Classification (IPC) codes to a patent document, relies heavily on expert efforts, as it requires substantial domain knowledge. When formulated as a multi-label text classification (MTC) problem, it draws two challenges to existing models: one is to learn effective document representations from text content; the other is to model the cross-section behavior of label set. In this work, we propose a label attention model based on graph convolutional network. It jointly learns the document-word associations and word-word co-occurrences to generate rich semantic embeddings of documents. It employs a non-local attention mechanism to learn label representations in the same space of document representations for multi-label classification. On a large CIRCA patent database, we evaluate the performance of our model and as many as seven competitive baselines. We find that our model outperforms all those prior state of the art by a large margin and achieves high performance on P@k and nDCG@k.

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Graham, Candida R., Sube Banerjee, and Randeep S. Gill. "Using postal questionnaires to identify carer depression prior to initial patient contact." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 5 (May 2009): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.020982.

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Aims and MethodTo assess whether postal questionnaires, used as a local initiative, were useful in identifying carer depression allowing early support for community-dwelling carers of older adults with mental health needs. the Geriatric Depression Scale and a questionnaire collecting information on the carer's circumstances were sent to carers of consecutive patients routinely referred to a community mental health team for older adults in south London. Rates of carer depression between postal questionnaire responders and non-responders were compared.ResultsThe response rate to the postal questionnaires (33%) was similar to that observed in other postal studies; 42% of responders had depression compared with only 4.6% of non-responders.Clinical ImplicationsPre-contact postal questionnaires may present a simple method of enhancing early detection of carer depression for minimal economic outlay.

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McDonagh, John, Georgios Tzimiropoulos, Kimberley R. Slinger, Zoë J. Huggett, Peter M. Down, and Matt J. Bell. "Detecting Dairy Cow Behavior Using Vision Technology." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070675.

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The aim of this study was to investigate using existing image recognition techniques to predict the behavior of dairy cows. A total of 46 individual dairy cows were monitored continuously under 24 h video surveillance prior to calving. The video was annotated for the behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffling, eating, drinking and contractions for each cow from 10 h prior to calving. A total of 19,191 behavior records were obtained and a non-local neural network was trained and validated on video clips of each behavior. This study showed that the non-local network used correctly classified the seven behaviors 80% or more of the time in the validated dataset. In particular, the detection of birth contractions was correctly predicted 83% of the time, which in itself can be an early warning calving alert, as all cows start contractions several hours prior to giving birth. This approach to behavior recognition using video cameras can assist livestock management.

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Dijkstra, Madelon, Sanne Nieuwenhuizen, Robbert S. Puijk, Bart Geboers, Florentine E. F. Timmer, Evelien A. C. Schouten, Hester J. Scheffer, et al. "The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Repeat Local Treatment of Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030378.

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The additive value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to repeat local treatment of patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is unclear. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and an additional search in Google Scholar to find articles comparing repeat local treatment by partial hepatectomy and/or thermal ablation with versus without NAC. The search included randomized trials and comparative observational studies with univariate/multivariate analysis and/or matching as well as (inter)national guidelines assessed using the AGREE II instrument. The search identified 21,832 records; 172 were selected for full-text review; 20 were included: 20 comparative observational studies were evaluated. Literature to evaluate the additive value of NAC prior to repeat local treatment was limited. Outcomes of NAC were often reported as subgroup analyses and reporting of results was frequently unclear. Assessment of the seven studies that qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis showed conflicting results. Only one study reported a significant difference in overall survival (OS) favoring NAC prior to repeat local treatment. However, further analysis revealed a high risk for residual bias, because only a selected group of chemo-responders qualified for repeat local treatment, disregarding the non-responders who did not qualify. All guidelines that specifically mention recurrent disease (3/3) recommend repeat local treatment; none provide recommendations about the role of NAC. The inconclusive findings of this meta-analysis do not support recommendations to routinely favor NAC prior to repeat local treatment. This emphasizes the need to investigate the additive value of NAC prior to repeat local treatment of patients with recurrent CRLM in a future phase 3 randomized controlled trial (RCT).

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Khadem, Tina, Jennifer Kraft, and J. Ryan Bariola. "2083. A Targeted Remote Audit and Feedback Intervention Utilizing a Local Non-ID Trained Pharmacist." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S702—S703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1763.

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Abstract Background Tele Stewardship (tASP) is a developing model for hospitals without local ID expertise. We report results of a tASP initiative using a hospital’s local non-ID trained pharmacist to conduct ertapenem (erta) audit and feedback (A&F). Methods Evaluation of erta use before and after implementation of a collaborative A&F process from October 2018 to March 2019. A central ID physician and ID pharmacist with EMR access reviewed charts of patients receiving erta Mon-Fri by phone with a local Critical Care trained pharmacist. Advice was given to the local pharmacist on when and how to intervene. The local pharmacist made all interventions. Acceptance rates and time involved were recorded. Usage was tracked as DOT/1,000 PD of inpatient usage. No other new local ASP interventions were undertaken during this time. Results 120 erta orders were reviewed. Figure 1 reveals usage before and after implementation. Median usage dropped 55%. Median purchasing cost decreased by 73%. 51 unique patients received erta in the month prior to intervention, and 35 patients per month on average received erta afterwards. 30 providers ordered erta in the month prior to intervention, and 17 providers per month on average ordered erta afterwards. The overall intervention acceptance rate was 88%, and Figure 2 shows the breakdown of accepted interventions. Figure 3 describes the indications for use of erta orders after intervention started. Figure 4 shows changes in other antibiotics during this time. During this time, no patients were identified that later needed a carbapenem restarted or suffered harm due to this intervention. The average daily time required was 15 minutes for the central team and 22 minutes for the local pharmacist. Conclusion Using a remote collaboration with a local pharmacist, we showed a marked decrease in the use of one targeted antimicrobial. The time commitment was minimal, and no patient harm was identified. Tele-stewardship utilizing local non-ID trained pharmacists can be a significant tool for improving antimicrobial use in community hospitals. tASP’s should monitor for compensatory increase in other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Further local education regarding proper management of UTI’s and other common conditions may provide additional improvements in use of erta. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Unnikrishnan, Hari, and Ruhan Bevi Azad. "Non-Local Retinex Based Dehazing and Low Light Enhancement of Images." Traitement du Signal 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.390313.

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We know that a vast amount of research has recently been done on dehazing single images. More work is done on day-time images than night-time images. Also, enhancement of low light images is another area in which lots of research going on. In this paper, a simple yet effective unified variational model is proposed for dehazing of day and night images and low-light enhancement based on non-local global variational regularization. Given the relation between image dehazing and retinex, the haze removal process can minimize a variational retinex model. Estimating of ambient light and transmission maps is a key step in modern dehazing methods. Atmospheric light is not uniform and constant for hazy night images, as night scenes often contain multiple light sources. Often lit and non-illuminated regions have different colour characteristics and cause total variation colour distortion and halo artifacts. Our work directly implements a non-local retinal model based on the L2 norm that simulates the average activity of inhibitory and excitatory neuronal populations in the cortex to overcome this problem. This potential biological feasibility of the L2 norm of our work is divided into two parts using a filtered gradient approach, the reflection sparse prior and the reflection gradient fidelity before the observed image gradient. This unified framework of NLTV-Retinex and DCP efficiently performs low-light enhancement and dehazing of day and night images. We show results obtained using our method on daytime and night-time images and a low-light image dataset. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare our results with recently reported methods, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

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Kunos, Charles, Vivian von Gruenigen, Steven Waggoner, James Brindle, Yuxia Zhang, Brenda Myers, Gary Funkhouser, Barry Wessels, and Douglas Einstein. "Cyberknife Radiosurgery for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vulva after Prior Pelvic Radiation Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 7, no. 5 (October 2008): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460800700504.

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Limited options exist for patients experiencing a local recurrence of vulvar malignancies after surgery and pelvic radiation. These recurrences often are associated with cancer-related skin desquamation and poor clinical outcomes. A new radiotherapeutic treatment modality for the previously irradiated patient is cyberknife radiosurgery, which uses a linear accelerator mounted on an industrial robotic arm to allow non-coplanar radiation therapy delivery with sub-millimeter precision. This study describes the first reported use of cyberknife radiosurgery for the treatment of recurrent vulvar cancer in three women.

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Tsetas, Athanasios, Apostolos Tsouvalas, and Andrei V. Metrikine. "Installation of Large-Diameter Monopiles: Introducing Wave Dispersion and Non-Local Soil Reaction." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030313.

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During the last decade the offshore wind industry grew ceaselessly and engineering challenges continuously arose in that area. Installation of foundation piles, known as monopiles, is one of the most critical phases in the construction of offshore wind farms. Prior to installation a drivability study is performed, by means of pile driving models. Since the latter have been developed for small-diameter piles, their applicability for the analysis of large-diameter monopiles is questionable. In this paper, a three-dimensional axisymmetric pile driving model with non-local soil reaction is presented. This new model aims to capture properly the propagation of elastic waves excited by impact piling and address non-local soil reaction. These effects are not addressed in the available approaches to predict drivability and are deemed critical for large-diameter monopiles. Predictions of the new model are compared to those of a one-dimensional model typically used nowadays. A numerical study is performed to showcase the disparities between the two models, stemming from the effect of wave dispersion and non-local soil reaction. The findings of this numerical study affirmed the significance of both mechanisms and the need for further developments in drivability modeling, notably for large-diameter monopiles.

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Hlebová, Stanislava, Ľubomír Ambriško, and Ladislav Pešek. "Strain Measurement in Local Volume by Non-Contact Videoextensometric Technique on Ultra High Strength Steels." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.129.

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The paper presents the results of strain measurement using two methods: videoextensometry (ME46) and digital image correlation (DIC)-ARAMIS. ME46 - allows measuring and monitoring the major and minor strain on a planar surface of a loaded object [1]. Experimental equipment uses a CCD camera for monitoring the process. The software calculates the displacements of contrast dots and subsequently the strain components are obtained. Another method for non-contact measurements is DIC technique; the measurements are done using three-dimensional image correlation system. The system uses two digital high-speed cameras providing a synchronized stereo view of the specimen where speckles are arranged on the surface. The results show the complete strain field during the tests, including details of the strain field when necking develops prior to the failure [2]. Experimental results obtained on ultra high strength automotive steels DP 1000 and 1400M grades during static tensile test are presented in the paper. The outputs of both are deformation maps. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are compared.

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Tan, Xintong, Qi Yu, Zelong Wang, and Jubo Zhu. "Towards Better Understanding of SAR Image: Feature Enhancement via Non-Local and Low-Rank Approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2025, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2025/1/012071.

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Abstract Feature enhancement for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is of great significance for their understanding and interpretation. In this work, we aim to address the issues by introducing the low-rank constraint into non-local means framework, dubbed NL_LR. The non-local means framework takes advantages of the non-local self-similarity of SAR images, which makes this approach efficient in noise suppression and preservation of structures and resolution. When estimating the value of the target pixel, a low-rank matrix can be constructed with vectorization of similar image patches. By exploiting this low-rank prior of patch matrix and decomposition of sparse and low-rank matrices, the denoised low-rank patch matrix is more accurate which will also increase the accuracy of feature enhancement. Afterwards, the numerical algorithm is designed. Numerical experiments on the real-data of SAR images show that our novel method can reduce the noise in homogeneous areas especially speckle noise efficiently, preserve the structural feature, especially edges and textures and improve the resolution at the same time. Visually, the result of the proposed method is obviously improved.

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Wang, Zhong Min, and Yi Dai. "Optimization of Maximum Entropy Model of Bayesian Prior Distribution Based on HPSO." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.502.

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A hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) approach is proposed to solve the optimization problem of the maximum entropy model oriented to Bayesian prior distribution. HPSO introduces chaos mechanism to create better initial species population, and the power-function carrier is adopted to improve the ergodicity and the sufficiency of the chaos mechanism. Then HPSO uses an inertia weight, which can balance global and local searching capability and fasten convergence speed. A nonlinear constrained optimization model of prior distribution based on the principle of maximum entropy is set up. By using Lagrange multiplier this constrained optimization problem is transformed to a non-constrained optimal one, which is solved by PSO and HPSO algorithm. The simulation example shows that HPSO not only has a better performance at the aspect of solution precision but also converges more quickly.

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Guan, Xuewei, Landan Zhang, Suqi Huang, and Zhenming Peng. "Infrared Small Target Detection via Non-Convex Tensor Rank Surrogate Joint Local Contrast Energy." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091520.

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Small target detection is a crucial technique that restricts the performance of many infrared imaging systems. In this paper, a novel detection model of infrared small target via non-convex tensor rank surrogate joint local contrast energy (NTRS) is proposed. To improve the latest infrared patch-tensor (IPT) model, a non-convex tensor rank surrogate merging tensor nuclear norm (TNN) and the Laplace function, is utilized for low rank background patch-tensor constraint, which has a useful property of adaptively allocating weight for every singular value and can better approximate l 0 -norm. Considering that the local prior map can be equivalent to the saliency map, we introduce a local contrast energy feature into IPT detection framework to weight target tensor, which can efficiently suppress the background and preserve the target simultaneously. Besides, to remove the structured edges more thoroughly, we suggest an additional structured sparse regularization term using the l 1 , 1 , 2 -norm of third-order tensor. To solve the proposed model, a high-efficiency optimization way based on alternating direction method of multipliers with the fast computing of tensor singular value decomposition is designed. Finally, an adaptive threshold is utilized to extract real targets of the reconstructed target image. A series of experimental results show that the proposed method has robust detection performance and outperforms the other advanced methods.

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Jian, Shen, Chen Huan, Zuo Jianjian, and Pan Xuming. "Brain Nerve Fiber Tracking Algorithm Based on Improved Optical Flow in Combination of Bayesian Prior Constraints." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.2877.

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI) can track the brain nerve fiber and reconstruct non-invasively the three-dimensional image by tracing the local tensor orientation. The commonly used tracking method is usually based on the local diffusion information and insufficient to consider the geometrical structure and fractional anisotropy which is constrained by anatomical structure and physiological function of human. Therefore, a novel brain nerve fiber tracking algorithm based on Bayesian optical-flow constrained framework is proposed. The construction of energy function is the core step of global optical flow field estimation technology. In this paper, data fidelity constraint, prior constraint, penalty function and weight factor are introduced to construct Bayesian constraint function. The fiber trend model is displayed intuitively to obtain the structure and direction of the inner nerve fibers of the brain, which can better assist in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical brain diseases, and lay a foundation for subsequent brain tissue research.

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De Jong, Chiara, Marie Postma-Nilsenova, Kayleigh Vedder, Danielle Hendriks, Maria Mos, and Giuseppe Maggiore. "Local and global pitch perception in L1 and L2 readers of Dutch." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2017): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.6.1.06dej.

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Abstract Prior research showed a relationship between reading skills and pitch perception, however the exact nature remained unclear. By means of reading tests and a pitch perception test, we examined the relation between reading abilities and local and global pitch perception for 92 native Dutch children (mean age = 9.47) and 61 non-native Dutch children (mean age = 9.61). Additionally, for the latter group we examined the role of working memory. In line with prior research with poor readers in a language with a rather transparent orthography by Ziegler, Pech-Georgel, George and Foxton (2012), a relationship is found between reading skills and the ability to detect local changes in pitch, rather than global changes in the melody. Additionally, at least for beginning readers of Dutch as a second language, there is a strong effect of working memory on the relation between reading skills and pitch perception.

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Segalini, Antonio, and Stephen J. Garrett. "On the non-parallel instability of the rotating-sphere boundary layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 818 (March 29, 2017): 288–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.131.

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We present a new solution for the steady boundary-layer flow over the rotating sphere that also accounts for the eruption of the boundary layer at the equator and other higher-order viscous effects. Non-parallel corrections to the local type I and type II convective instability modes of this flow are also computed as a function of spin rate. Our instability results are associated with the previously observed spiral vortices and remarkable agreement between our predictions of the number of vortices and experimental observations is found. Vortices travelling at 70 %–80 % of the local surface speed are found to be the most amplified for sufficient spin rates, also consistent with prior experimental observations.

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Lyu, Jun, and Elsi Kaiser. "Assessing sensitivity to Condition A in the case of Chinese reflexives." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5014.

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There are two reflexives in Mandarin Chinese, ziji (‘self’) and ta-ziji (‘s/he-self’). It is often assumed that ziji can be bound by a non-local antecedent while ta-ziji cannot. This is because ziji can be used as an exempt anaphor licensed by discourse-pragmatic conditions. However, prior research shows that, in contexts without perspectival cues, ziji tends to be interpreted as a ‘regular’ syntactically bound reflexive, exhibiting a similar locality bias as ta-ziji. However, prior studies comparing the locality biases of ziji and ta-ziji present divergent results. In this study, we report two forced choice judgment experiments to assess which reflexive, ziji or ta-ziji, exhibits a stronger locality bias. Overall, our results fit better with claims that in local contexts, ta-ziji is preferred over ziji; we find no clear evidence of ziji being preferred over ta-ziji in local contexts. Our results are compatible with the idea that ta-ziji, rather than ziji, is more constrained by Condition A.

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