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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-local prior'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-local prior"

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Fan, Wenshi, Hancheng Yu, Tianming Chen, and Sheng Ji. "OCT Image Restoration Using Non-Local Deep Image Prior." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050784.

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In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been widely used in image denoising for their high performance. One difficulty in applying the CNN to medical image denoising such as speckle reduction in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) image is that a large amount of high-quality data is required for training, which is an inherent limitation for OCT despeckling. Recently, deep image prior (DIP) networks have been proposed for image restoration without pre-training since the CNN structures have the intrinsic ability to capture the low-level statistics of a single image. However, the DIP has difficulty finding a good balance between maintaining details and suppressing speckle noise. Inspired by DIP, in this paper, a sorted non-local statics which measures the signal autocorrelation in the differences between the constructed image and the input image is proposed for OCT image restoration. By adding the sorted non-local statics as a regularization loss in the DIP learning, more low-level image statistics are captured by CNN networks in the process of OCT image restoration. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art despeckling methods, in terms of objective metrics and visual quality.
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Dong Yayun, 董亚运, 毕笃彦 Bi Duyan, 何林远 He Linyuan, and 马时平 Ma Shiping. "Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Based On Non-Local Prior." Acta Optica Sinica 37, no. 11 (2017): 1110001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.1110001.

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Cha, Geonho, Minsik Lee, Jungchan Cho, and Songhwai Oh. "Non-rigid surface recovery with a robust local-rigidity prior." Pattern Recognition Letters 110 (July 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.03.019.

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Xie, Bin, An Huang, and Hui Huang. "Weighted variational regularization image dehazing algorithm based on non-local prior." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1345 (November 2019): 022007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1345/2/022007.

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Zhao, Shengrong, Zehua Lyu, Hu Liang, and Mudar Sarem. "A Mixed Non-local Prior Model for Image Super-resolution Reconstruction." Chinese Journal of Electronics 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cje.2016.06.024.

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Kaplan, Adam, Eric F. Lock, and Mark Fiecas. "Bayesian GWAS with Structured and Non-Local Priors." Bioinformatics 36, no. 1 (June 22, 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz518.

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Abstract Motivation The flexibility of a Bayesian framework is promising for GWAS, but current approaches can benefit from more informative prior models. We introduce a novel Bayesian approach to GWAS, called Structured and Non-Local Priors (SNLPs) GWAS, that improves over existing methods in two important ways. First, we describe a model that allows for a marker’s gene-parent membership and other characteristics to influence its probability of association with an outcome. Second, we describe a non-local alternative model for differential minor allele rates at each marker, in which the null and alternative hypotheses have no common support. Results We employ a non-parametric model that allows for clustering of the genes in tandem with a regression model for marker-level covariates, and demonstrate how incorporating these additional characteristics can improve power. We further demonstrate that our non-local alternative model gives symmetric rates of convergence for the null and alternative hypotheses, whereas commonly used local alternative models have asymptotic rates that favor the alternative hypothesis over the null. We demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of our structured and non-local model for different data generating scenarios and signal-to-noise ratios. We apply our Bayesian GWAS method to single nucleotide polymorphisms data collected from a pool of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal patients from the Alzheimer’s Database Neuroimaging Initiative. Availability and implementation R code to perform the SNLPs method is available at https://github.com/lockEF/BayesianScreening.
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SHANGGUAN, Hong, Yi LIU, Quan ZHANG, and Zhiguo GUI. "Fuzzy diffusion PET reconstruction algorithm based on anatomical non-local means prior." Journal of Computer Applications 33, no. 9 (November 6, 2013): 2627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.02627.

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WANG Yi-bin, 王一斌, 尹诗白 YIN Shi-bai, and 吕卓纹 L Zhuo-wen. "Underwater image restoration with adaptive background light estimation and non-local prior." Optics and Precision Engineering 27, no. 2 (2019): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20192702.0499.

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Johnson, Valen E., and David Rossell. "On the use of non-local prior densities in Bayesian hypothesis tests." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 72, no. 2 (March 2010): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2009.00730.x.

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Chen, Xiaole, Ruifeng Yang, Chenxia Guo, Shuangchao Ge, Zhihong Wu, and Xibin Liu. "Hyper-Laplacian Regularized Non-Local Low-Rank Prior for Blind Image Deblurring." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 136917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010540.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-local prior"

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ARTARIA, ANDREA. "Objective Bayesian Analysis for Differential Gaussian Directed Acyclic Graphs." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/55327.

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Often we are confronted with heterogeneous multivariate data, i.e., data coming from several categories, and the interest may center on the differential structure of stochastic dependence among the variables between the groups. The focus in this work is on the two groups problem and is faced modeling the system through a Gaussian directed acyclic graph (DAG) couple linked in a fashion to obtain a joint estimation in order to exploit, whenever they exist, similarities between the graphs. The model can be viewed as a set of separate regressions and the proposal consists in assigning a non-local prior to the regression coefficients with the objective of enforcing stronger sparsity constraints on model selection. The model selection is based on Moment Fractional Bayes Factor, and is performed through a stochastic search algorithm over the space of DAG models.
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Fúquene, Patiño Jairo A. "Finite mixture modeling with non-local priors." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/111373/.

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Choosing the number of mixture components remains a central but elusive challenge. Traditional model selection criteria can be either overly liberal or conservative when enforcing parsimony. They may also result in poorly separated components of limited practical use. In this thesis, the term parsimony refers to selecting a simpler model by enforcing a separation between the models under consideration, and the term sparsity refers to the ability of penalizing overfitted models leading to well-separated components with non-negligible weight, interpretable as distinct subpopulations. Non-local priors (NLPs) are a family of distributions that encourage parsimony by enforcing a separation between the models under consideration. In this thesis we investigate the use of NLPs to choose the number of components in mixture models. Our main contributions are proposing the use of non-local priors (NLPs) to select the number of components, characterizing the properties of the associated inference (in particular, improved sparsity) and proposing tractable expressions suitable for prior elicitation purposes, simpler and computationally efficient algorithms and practical applications. Chapter 2 develops the theoretical framework. We present NLPs in the context of mixtures and show how they lead to well-separated components that have non-negligible weight, hence interpretable as distinct subpopulations. Moreover we formulate a general NLP class, propose a particular choice leading to tractable expressions and give a theoretical characterization of the sparsity induced by NLPs for choosing the number of mixture components. Although the framework is generic we fully develop multivariate Normal, Binomial and product Binomial mixtures based on a family of exchangeable moment priors. Chapter 3 presents the prior computation and elicitation. We suggest default prior settings based on detecting multi-modal Normal and T mixtures, and minimal informativeness for categorical outcomes where multi-modality is not a natural consideration. The theory and underlying principles in this thesis hold more generally as outlined in Chapter 2, however. Chapter 4 presents the computational framework for model selection and fitting. We propose simple algorithms based on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and Expectation Maximization algorithms to obtain the integrated likelihood and parameter estimates. Chapters 5-7 contain the simulation studies and applications. In Chapter 5 we compare the performance of our proposal to its local prior counterpart as well as the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), the singular Bayesian Information Criterion (sBIC) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Our results show a serious lack of sensitivity of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and insufficient parsimony of the AIC and the local prior counterpart to our formulation. The singular BIC behaved like the BIC in some examples and the AIC in others. In Chapter 6 we explore a computational fast non-local model selection cri- teria and propose a new computational strategy that provides a direct connection between cluster occupancies and Bayes factors with the advantage that Bayes factors allow for more general model comparisons (for instance equal vs unequal covariances in Normal mixtures). This new computational strategy is helpful to discard unoccupied clusters in overfitted mixtures and we remark that the result has interest beyond purely computational purposes, e.g. to set thresholds on empty cluster probabilities in overfitted mixtures. In Chapter 7 we present the applications of this thesis and also offer comparisons to overfitted and repulsive overfitted mixtures. In most examples their performance was competitive but depended on setting the prior parameters adequately to prevent the appearance of spurious components. The number of components inferred under NLPs was closer to the true number (when this was known) and remained robust to prior parameter changes, provided these remain in the range of recommended defaults. In Chapter 8 we have the conclusions and some possible future directions of this work. Finally, in Appendix A we present the proofs of Theorem 1 as well as auxiliary lemmas and corollaries. Appendix B shows the MCMC diagnostics. Appendix C presents the main probability density functions used throughout this thesis.
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Appia, Vikram VijayanBabu. "Non-local active contours." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44739.

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This thesis deals with image segmentation problems that arise in various computer vision related fields such as medical imaging, satellite imaging, video surveillance, recognition and robotic vision. More specifically, this thesis deals with a special class of image segmentation technique called Snakes or Active Contour Models. In active contour models, image segmentation is posed as an energy minimization problem, where an objective energy function (based on certain image related features) is defined on the segmenting curve (contour). Typically, a gradient descent energy minimization approach is used to drive the initial contour towards a minimum for the defined energy. The drawback associated with this approach is that the contour has a tendency to get stuck at undesired local minima caused by subtle and undesired image features/edges. Thus, active contour based curve evolution approaches are very sensitive to initialization and noise. The central theme of this thesis is to develop techniques that can make active contour models robust against certain classes of local minima by incorporating global information in energy minimization. These techniques lead to energy minimization with global considerations; we call these models -- 'Non-local active contours'. In this thesis, we consider three widely used active contour models: 1) Edge- and region-based segmentation model, 2) Prior shape knowledge based segmentation model, and 3) Motion segmentation model. We analyze the traditional techniques used for these models and establish the need for robust models that avoid local minima. We address the local minima problem for each model by adding global image considerations.
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Ebrahimi, Kahrizsangi Mehran. "Inverse Problems and Self-similarity in Imaging." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3838.

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This thesis examines the concept of image self-similarity and provides solutions to various associated inverse problems such as resolution enhancement and missing fractal codes. In general, many real-world inverse problems are ill-posed, mainly because of the lack of existence of a unique solution. The procedure of providing acceptable unique solutions to such problems is known as regularization. The concept of image prior, which has been of crucial importance in image modelling and processing, has also been important in solving inverse problems since it algebraically translates to the regularization procedure. Indeed, much recent progress in imaging has been due to advances in the formulation and practice of regularization. This, coupled with progress in optimization and numerical analysis, has yielded much improvement in computational methods of solving inverse imaging problems. Historically, the idea of self-similarity was important in the development of fractal image coding. Here we show that the self-similarity properties of natural images may be used to construct image priors for the purpose of addressing certain inverse problems. Indeed, new trends in the area of non-local image processing have provided a rejuvenated appreciation of image self-similarity and opportunities to explore novel self-similarity-based priors. We first revisit the concept of fractal-based methods and address some open theoretical problems in the area. This includes formulating a necessary and sufficient condition for the contractivity of the block fractal transform operator. We shall also provide some more generalized formulations of fractal-based self-similarity constraints of an image. These formulations can be developed algebraically and also in terms of the set-based method of Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS). We then revisit the traditional inverse problems of single frame image zooming and multi-frame resolution enhancement, also known as super-resolution. Some ideas will be borrowed from newly developed non-local denoising algorithms in order to formulate self-similarity priors. Understanding the role of scale and choice of examples/samples is also important in these proposed models. For this purpose, we perform an extensive series of numerical experiments and analyze the results. These ideas naturally lead to the method of self-examples, which relies on the regularity properties of natural images at different scales, as a means of solving the single-frame image zooming problem. Furthermore, we propose and investigate a multi-frame super-resolution counterpart which does not require explicit motion estimation among video sequences.
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Books on the topic "Non-local prior"

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Kosmin, Paul J., and Ian S. Moyer, eds. Cultures of Resistance in the Hellenistic East. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863478.001.0001.

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Abstract This collaborative volume examines revolts and resistance to the successor states formed after Alexander the Great’s conquest of the Persian Empire, as a transregional phenomenon. The editors have assembled an array of specialists in the study of the various regions and cultures of the Hellenistic world ‒ Judea, Egypt, Babylonia, Central Asia, and Asia Minor ‒ in an effort to trace comparisons and connections between episodes and modes of resistance. The volume seeks to unite the currently dominant social-scientific orientation to ancient resistance and revolt with perspectives, often coming from religious studies, that are more attentive to local cultural, religious, and moral frameworks. In re-assessing these frameworks, contributors move beyond Greek/non-Greek binaries to examine resistance as complex and entangled: acts and articulations of resistance are not purely nativistic or ‘nationalist’, but conditioned by local traditions of government and historical memories of prior periods, as well as emergent trans-regional Hellenistic political and cultural idioms. The book is organized into three parts. The first part investigates the Great Theban Revolt and the Maccabean Revolt, the central cases for large, organized, and prolonged military uprisings against the Hellenistic kingdoms. The second part examines the full gamut of indigenous self-assertion and resistant action, including theologies of monarchic inadequacy, patterns of historical periodization and textual interpretation, and claims to sites of authority. The volume’s final part turns to the more ambiguous assertions of local autonomy and identity that emerge in the frontier regions that slipped in and out of the grasp of the great Hellenistic powers.
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Kopstein, Jeffrey S., and Jason Wittenberg. Intimate Violence. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501715259.001.0001.

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Why do pogroms occur in some localities and not in others? This book address that age-old question through an examination of a particularly brutal wave of violence that occurred across hundreds of predominantly Polish and Ukrainian communities in the aftermath of the June, 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union. Exploiting the collapse of state authority, some Poles and Ukrainians viciously attacked their Jewish neighbors. Against explanations that focus on antisemitism or alleged Jewish support for communism, Intimate Violence argues that pogroms were most likely to occur where Jews had sought national equality with Poles and Ukrainians prior to the outbreak of war. In these communities, where Jews challenged Poles’ and Ukrainians’ dreams of national dominance, local non-Jews were more likely to perpetrate violence and less likely to protect their Jewish neighbors. Intimate Violence is a novel social scientific explanation of ethnic violence and the Holocaust that combines statistical analysis of an original data set with archival research and case studies. It cuts through painful debates about relative victimhood that are driven more by metaphysical beliefs in Jewish culpability than empirical evidence of actual perpetrators and victims. In doing so it sheds new light on the roots of mass ethnic violence and the ways in which such gruesome acts might be avoided.
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Roddy, Edward, and Michael Doherty. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0142.

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Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) in articular cartilage is a common age-related phenomenon. Recent important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pyrophosphate metabolism include the identification of a mutation within the ANK gene which associates with familial CPPD, and elucidation of the interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎)-dependent mechanisms by which crystals invoke an inflammatory response. Risk factors for CPPD include age, prior joint damage and osteoarthritis, genetic factors, and occasionally metabolic diseases (hyperparathyroidism, haemochromatosis, hypomagnesaemia, and hypophosphatasia). CPPD is commonly asymptomatic or may present as osteoarthritis with CPPD, acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal arthritis, or chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis. Although radiographic chondrocalcinosis is often taken to be synonymous with CPPD, other calcium crystals can also have this appearance and definitive diagnosis requires identification of CPP crystals by compensated polarized light microscopy of aspirated synovial fluid. Recently, the ultrasonographic appearances of CPPD have been described. Treatment of CPPD is targeted to the clinical presentation. Acute CPP crystal arthritis is treated by aspiration and injection of glucocorticosteroid, local ice packs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), low-dose colchicine, oral or parenteral glucocorticosteroids, or adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Treatment of osteoarthritis with CPPD is very similar to the treatment of osteoarthritis alone. There is no specific therapy for chronic CPP crystal inflammatory arthritis: options include NSAID, low-dose colchicine, low-dose glucocorticosteroid, methotrexate, and hydroxychloroquine. Recommendations for the management of CPPD are derived from a small evidence base and largely based on clinical experience and extrapolation from gout. Further research into diagnosis and management including novel treatment strategies such as IL-1β‎ blockade is much needed.
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Jakobsson, Jan. Anaesthesia for day-stay surgery. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0068.

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Day-stay surgery is becoming increasingly common the world over. There are several benefits of avoiding in-hospital care. Early ambulation reduces the risk for thromboembolic events, facilitates wound healing, and avoiding admission reduces the risk for hospital-related infection. Additionally, the risk of neurocognitive side-effects can be avoided by returning the elderly patient to their home environment. Day-stay anaesthesia calls for adequate and structured preoperative assessment and patient evaluation, and the potential risk associated with surgery and anaesthesia should be assessed on an individual basis. Need for preoperative testing should be based on functional status of the patient and preoperative medical history but even the surgical procedure should be taken into account. Preoperative fasting should be in accordance with modern guidelines, refraining from food for 6 hours and fluids for 2 hours prior to induction in low-risk patients. Preventive analgesia and prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) should be administered preoperatively. Local anaesthesia should be administered prior to incision, constituting part of multimodal analgesia. The multimodal analgesia strategy should also include paracetamol and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in order to reduce the noxious stimulus from the surgical field. Third-generation inhaled anaesthetics or a propofol-based maintenance are both feasible alternatives. Titrating depth of anaesthesia by using an EEG-based depth of anaesthesia monitor may facilitate the recovery process. The laryngeal mask airway has become commonly used and has several advantages. Ultrasound-guided peripheral blocks may facilitate the early postoperative course by reducing pain and avoiding the use of opiates. Perineural catheters may be an option for prolongation of the block following painful orthopaedic procedures but a strict protocol and follow-up must be secured. Not only pain but even nausea and vomiting should be prevented, and therefore risk stratification, for example by the Apfel score, and PONV prophylaxis in accordance with the risk score is strongly recommended. Early ambulation should be encouraged postoperatively. Safe discharge should include an escort who also remains at home during the first postoperative night. Analgesics should be provided and be readily available for self-care when the patient comes home. Pain medication should include an opioid; however, the benefit versus risk must be assessed on an individual basis. Patients should also be instructed about a rescue return-to-hospital plan. Quality of care should include follow-up and analysis of clinical practice, and institution of methods to improve quality should be enforced for the benefit of the ambulatory surgical patient.
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Aguilera-Cobos, Lorena, Rebeca Isabel-Gómez, and Juan Antonio Blasco-Amaro. Efectividad de la limitación de la movilidad en la evolución de la pandemia por Covid-19. AETSA Área de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y salud. Consejería de Salud y Familias. Junta de Andalucía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52766/pyui7071.

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Introduction During the Covid-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) aimed to minimise the spread of the virus as much as possible to avoid the most severe cases and the collapse of health systems. These measures included mobility restrictions in several countries, including Spain. Objective To assess the impact of mobility constraints on incidence, transmission, severe cases and mortality in the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. These constraints include: • Mandatory home confinement. • - Recommendation to stay at home. • - Perimeter closures for entry and/or exit from established areas. • - Restriction of night-time mobility (curfew). Methodology Systematic literature review, including documents from official bodies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The following reference databases were consulted until October 2021 (free and controlled language): Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, TripDB, Epistemonikos, Royal college of London, COVID-end, COVID-19 Evidence Reviews, WHO, ECDC and CDC. Study selection and quality analysis were performed by two independent researchers. References were filtered firstly by title and abstract and secondly by full text in the Covidence tool using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesis of the results was done qualitatively. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR-II tool. Results The literature search identified 642 studies, of which 38 were excluded as duplicates. Of the 604 potentially relevant studies, 12 studies (10 systematic reviews and 2 official agency papers) were included in the analysis after filtering. One of the official agency papers was from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the other paper was from the Ontario Agency for Health Promotion and Protection (OHP). The result of the quality assessment with the AMSTAR-II tool of the included systematic reviews was: 3 reviews of moderate quality, 6 reviews of low quality and 1 review of critically low quality. The interventions analysed in the included studies were divided into 2 categories: the first category comprised mandatory home confinement, recommendation to stay at home and curfew, and the second category comprised perimeter blocking of entry and/or exit (local, cross-community, national or international). This division is because the included reviews analysed the measures of mandatory home confinement, advice to stay at home and curfew together without being able to carry out a disaggregated analysis. The included systematic reviews for the evaluation of home confinement, stay-at-home advice and curfew express a decrease in incidence levels, transmission and severe cases following the implementation of mobility limitation interventions compared to the no measure comparator. These conclusions are supported by the quantitative or qualitative results of the studies they include. All reviews also emphasise that to increase the effectiveness of these restrictions it is necessary to combine them with other public health measures. In the systematic reviews included for the assessment of entry and/or exit perimeter closure, most of the studies included in the reviews were found to be modelling studies based on mathematical models. All systematic reviews report a decrease in incidence, transmission and severe case levels following the implementation of travel restriction interventions. The great heterogeneity of travel restrictions applied, such as travel bans, border closures, passenger testing or screening, mandatory quarantine of travellers or optional recommendations for travellers to stay at home, makes data analysis and evaluation of interventions difficult. Conclusions Mobility restrictions in the development of the Covid-19 pandemic were one of the main NPI measures implemented. It can be concluded from the review that there is evidence for a positive impact of NPIs on the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. The heterogeneity of the data from the included studies and their low quality make it difficult to assess the effectiveness of mobility limitations in a disaggregated manner. Despite this, all the included reviews show a decrease in incidence, transmission, hospitalisations and deaths following the application of the measures under study. These measures are more effective when the restrictions were implemented earlier in the pandemic, were applied for a longer period and were more rigorous in their application.
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-local prior"

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Kim, Incheol, and Min H. Kim. "Non-local Haze Propagation with an Iso-Depth Prior." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 213–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12209-6_11.

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Zhang, Zhichao, Yining Hu, and Limin Luo. "A Cone-Beam CT Reconstruction Algorithm Constrained by Non-local Prior from Sparse-View Data." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 269–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91659-0_20.

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Li, Tianyi, Kan Chang, Caiwang Mo, Xueyu Zhang, and Tuanfa Qin. "Single Image Super Resolution Using Local and Non-local Priors." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM 2018, 264–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00767-6_25.

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Rossell, David, Donatello Telesca, and Valen E. Johnson. "High-Dimensional Bayesian Classifiers Using Non-Local Priors." In Statistical Models for Data Analysis, 305–13. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00032-9_35.

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Thiruvenkadam, S., K. Shriram, R. Manjeshwar, and S. Wollenweber. "Robust PET Motion Correction Using Non-local Spatio-temporal Priors." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 643–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24571-3_77.

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Gupta, Mithun Das, Sheshadri Thiruvenkadam, Navneeth Subramanian, and Satish Govind. "Automated Intraventricular Septum Segmentation Using Non-local Spatio-temporal Priors." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2012, 683–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33415-3_84.

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Latha, H. N., and Rajiv R. Sahay. "Image Restoration by Graduated Non-convex Local Adaptive Priors: An Energy Minimization Approach." In Inventive Systems and Control, 339–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1395-1_26.

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Tavasci, Luca, Enrica Vecchi, and Stefano Gandolfi. "Definition of the Local Geoid Undulation Using Non-contemporary GNSS-Levelling Data on Subsidence Area: Application on the Adriatic Coastline." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 259–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_19.

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AbstractThe knowledge of the so-called geoid undulation, which represents the height of the geoid above a reference ellipsoid, is a fundamental step to link ellipsoidal heights measured using satellite systems and orthometric heights. Several geoid models are available at the time both at the national or global scale, which can be used for the purpose. Another way to define the geoid undulation is to perform joint measures with GNSS and spirit levelling over common benchmarks. This requires onerous measurements that is seldom possible to perform due to their cost. In this work, we evaluated the possibility to define a local model of the geoid undulation using already available spirit levelling orthometric heights and GNSS ellipsoidal heights measured about 13 years later. The test area is the Emilia-Romagna Adriatic coastline, an area of great interest both from the environmental and economic point of view, which is also undergoing consistent subsidence phenomena.Test results show that the available measurements allow defining a geoid undulation that is coherent with the shape defined by the gravimetric models and also allows to transform ellipsoidal heights into orthometric ones more consistent with the height reference available on the surveyed area. A 7 cm overall bias with respect to the ITALGEO05 was found, whereas ITG2009 and EGM2008 have higher differences. The use of subsidence models to align over time the coordinates used to define the geoid undulation has proven to be a fundamental step. The analysis on the a-priori uncertainty in the geoid height definition shown that the combined use of much more precise GNSS coordinates and contemporary spirit levelling campaign is necessary to significantly improve the resulting geoid height.
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Pánek, Jiří, and Vít Pászto. "Emotional Mapping in Local Neighbourhood Planning." In Sustainable Infrastructure, 541–64. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0948-7.ch025.

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City planning, decision-making and participation in local administration can be sometimes elitist, closed to the public and non-participatory processes. Citizens are frequently a neglected part of these activities and are usually only involved and considered prior to elections. Yet citizens have a relevant role in the processes of town planning and administration. This paper describes the implementation of a web-based crowdsourcing tool for the collection and visualisation of emotion-based and subjective information on maps. The tool was used in a case study of neighbourhood development consultation in the city of Příbram, the Czech Republic. Visual, textual and statistical analyses showed a similar spatial distribution of some topics within the Křižáky neighbourhood and provide results, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in the process of e-participation in urban e-planning. The results presented in this paper allow replication of the research methodology in other areas as well as its implementation.
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Cattani, Gino, and Mariano Mastrogiorgio. "From Trees to Networks." In New Developments in Evolutionary Innovation, 97–112. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837091.003.0006.

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Empirical models are very common in evolutionary approaches to economics, strategy, and technological innovation, particularly those models based on large samples of patent data. Patents are legal documents that protect technologies from imitation when there is novelty and non-obviousness with respect to a prior art. Dependence on prior art means that patents cite each other and, by implication, patent databases take the form of large citation networks. Despite this implicit network nature of patent data, most current studies in innovation tend to rely on patent-based measures that exploit information within the citation network only at the local level. Nevertheless, a new stream known as ‘connectivity analysis’ is slowly emerging in the patent literature. From an evolutionary point of view, this stream is of particular importance because of its approach to patent data from a global—rather than from a local—network perspective. The aim of this chapter is to review these new directions and propose some ideas for how they could be used for modelling some of the key evolutionary phenomena discussed in this book.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-local prior"

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Katkovnik, Vladimir, and Karen Egiazarian. "Nonlocal image deblurring: Variational formulation with nonlocal collaborative L0-norm prior." In 2009 International Workshop on Local and Non-Local Approximation in Image Processing (LNLA 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lnla.2009.5278405.

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Wu, Meng, Kai Luo, Jianjun Dang, and Daijin Li. "Underwater image restoration using color correction and non-local prior." In OCEANS 2017 - Aberdeen. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2017.8084916.

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Lu, Wei, Wei Xu, Zebin Wu, Yang Xu, and Zhihui Wei. "Video Object Detection based on Non-local Prior of Spatiotemporal Context." In 2020 Eighth International Conference on Advanced Cloud and Big Data (CBD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbd51900.2020.00040.

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Zhang, Yilun, Zongliang Gan, Xiuchang Zhu, and Mingming Cao. "Adaptive video back projection super-resolution method using non-local prior." In 2012 11th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icosp.2012.6491723.

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Aelterman, Jan, Bart Goossens, Hiep Luong, Jonas De Vylder, Aleksandra Pizurica, and Wilfried Philips. "Combined non-local and multi-resolution sparsity prior in image restoration." In 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2012.6467543.

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Ulusoy, Ali Osman, Michael J. Black, and Andreas Geiger. "Patches, Planes and Probabilities: A Non-Local Prior for Volumetric 3D Reconstruction." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.357.

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Gong, Kuang, Kyungsang Kim, Dufan Wu, Mannudeep K. Kalra, and Quanzheng Li. "Low-dose dual energy CT image reconstruction using non-local deep image prior." In 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic42101.2019.9060001.

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Chang, Xin, Shun Fang, and Shiqian Wu. "Non-Rigid Point Set Registration Based on Global Prior and Local Structural Constraint." In 2021 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Application (ICCEA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccea53728.2021.00074.

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Sun, Le, Hiuk Jae Shim, Byeungwoo Jeon, Yuhui Zheng, Yunjie Chen, Liang Xiao, and Zhihui Wei. "Hyperspectral image classification using multinomial logistic regression and non-local prior on hidden fields." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pic.2015.7489798.

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Du, Cheng-Jin, Richard Tyson, Emil Rozbicki, Cornells J. Weijer, and Till Bretschneider. "Multi-scale non-local means with shape prior for enhancement of cell membrane images." In 2014 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2014.6867916.

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Reports on the topic "Non-local prior"

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Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.

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The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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