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Kurpa, Lidiya, and N. A. Budnikov. "Multi-modal geometrical non-linear free vibrations of composite laminated plates with the complex shape." Thesis, NTU "KhPI", 2010. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37136.
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Geometrically non-linear free vibrations of the composite laminated plates are investigated using new multi modal approach to discretization of motion equations . The non-linear governing equations for laminated plates are derived by Hamilton’s principle using first-order shear deformation theory. Due to proposed algorithm of the discretization all unknown functions except of transverse displacement are eliminated and governing equations are reduced to system of ordinary differential equations in time by the Bubnov-Galerkin procedure. The expansion of all unknown functions in the truncated Fourier series is performed using the eigenfunctions of the linear vibration problems and solutions of the sequence of elasticity problems. All auxiliary problems are solved by RFM (R-functions method).
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Couineaux, Audrey. "Modélisation vibro-acoustique du cristal Bashet : jouabilité et timbre du son produit par frottement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. https://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2024/2024LEMA1036.pdf.
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Le cristal Baschet est un instrument de musique conçu par les frères Baschet dans les années1950. Les sons émis par cet instrument résultent de vibrations induites par le frottement,causées par l’interaction entre les doigts humides du musicien et des tiges de verre. Chaquetige est reliée à un résonateur constitué d’un assemblage de poutres, dont les caractéristiquesdynamiques fixent la hauteur de la note. Les vibrations sont ensuite transmises à de grandes etfines plaques métalliques qui jouent le rôle d’éléments rayonnants. La fabrication et le réglage del’instrument s’appuient principalement sur un savoir-faire empirique. L’objectif de la thèse est deconstruire un modèle du fonctionnement acoustique de l’instrument, afin de mieux comprendrel’influence des paramètres de lutherie sur la jouabilité et le timbre singulier du son produit. Unmodèle, qualifié de minimal est développé pour rendre compte des auto-oscillations résultant dufrottement. Le résonateur est décrit par sa base modale, issue d’un modèle numérique, validépar une analyse modale expérimentale. L’interaction entre le doigt et le résonateur est régie parune loi de friction connue de la littérature. Celle-ci est par ailleurs mesurée au moyen d’uneméthode inverse appropriée, développée pour identifier les spécificités du contact frottant entrele doigt mouillé et la tige de verre. Pour ce système dynamique, les conditions d’apparition desauto-oscillations sont étudiées au moyen d’une analyse de stabilité linéaire et également de simulationstemporelles. Celles-ci permettent de discuter le rôle des paramètres de conception etde réglage du résonateur sur la facilité d’émission du son, c’est-à-dire la jouabilité de l’instrument.Le modèle minimal de l’instrument est enrichi de façon à prendre en compte des élémentsconnectés au résonateur tels que des tiges libres (moustaches) ou des plaques métalliques fines(diffuseurs). Ces éléments induisent un enrichissement spectral important, qui participe à l’identitésonore de l’instrument. Les moustaches donnent lieu à des vibrations par sympathie, dontles conditions d’apparition peuvent être modulées dans le temps, donnant lieu à des effets perceptifsinhabituels. Ce phénomène est mis en évidence expérimentalement et les paramètres lecontrôlant sont identifiés grâce des études paramétriques numériques. Les plaques fines en métalvibrent avec de grandes amplitudes, ce qui induit des non-linéarités géométriques conduisant àun enrichissement spectral similaire à celui existant dans les sons produits par les gongs. Ceteffet, étudié expérimentalement, s’exprime de façon relativement hétérogène sur l’ensemble dela tessiture de l’instrument.Le travail développé dans la thèse permet de comprendre et hiérarchiser les mécanismes physiquesimpliqués dans la production sonore de l’instrument, contribuant ainsi à la formalisationde règles de conception utiles à son évolutionThe Cristal Baschet is a musical instrument designed by the Baschet brothers in the 1950s. The sounds produced by this instrument result from vibrations induced by friction, caused by the interaction between the musician's wet fingers and glass rods. Each rod is connected to a resonator made of an assembly of beams, whose dynamic characteristics determine the pitch of the note. The vibrations are then transmitted to large, thin metal plates that act as radiating elements. The instrument's fabrication and tuning rely primarily on empirical know-how. The objective of the thesis is to build a model of the acoustic functioning of the instrument, to better understand the influence of design parameters on playability and the unique timbre of the sound produced.A minimal model is developed to account for the self-oscillations resulting from friction. The resonator is described by its modal basis, derived from a numerical model, validated by an experimental modal analysis. The interaction between the finger and the resonator is governed by a friction law known from the literature. This law is measured using an appropriate inverse method developed to identify the specifics of the frictional contact between the wet finger and the glass rod. For this dynamic system, the conditions for the appearance of self-oscillations are studied through linear stability analysis and also through time-domain simulations. These allow for a discussion of the role of design and tuning parameters of the resonator on the ease of sound emission, i.e., the playability of the instrument.The minimal model of the instrument is enriched to take into account elements connected to the resonator, such as free rods (whiskers) or thin metal plates (diffusers). These elements induce significant spectral enrichment, contributing to the sound identity of the instrument.The whiskers give rise to sympathetic vibrations, whose conditions of appearance can be modulated over time, leading to unusual perceptual effects. This phenomenon is experimentally demonstrated, and the controlling parameters are identified through numerical parametric studies.The thin metal plates vibrate with large amplitudes, which induces geometric nonlinearities leading to spectral enrichment similar to that found in the sounds produced by brass instruments. This effect, studied experimentally, is expressed relatively unevenly across the instrument’s range.The work developed in the thesis helps to understand and prioritize the physical mechanisms involved in the sound production of the instrument, thereby contributing to the formalization of design rules useful for its development
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Kang, Lan. "Linear and non-linear free vibration analysis of plates and shallow shells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ30714.pdf.
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Ahmadian, Saieni Hooman. "Non-linear vibrations of tensegrity structures." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-109453.
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A study has been done on different methods to solve the linear and non-linear problems with single or multi degrees of freedom structures. To do that direct time integration methods are used to solve the dynamic equilibrium equations. It has been tried to perform general methods to apply in most structures. In this thesis structures are made of cables and bars but the solution methods which is presented can be applied for any structure, and to utilize those implicit and explicit methods for all structures it is needed to know the tangent stiffness matrix and mass matrix for the structure. Then, it would be possible to analyze the dynamic response of structures under general loads and by general it can be understood that by application of arbitrary forces on different nodes of structure, the method generates result based on applied forces. It is crucial to get the right tangent stiffness matrix and mass matrix to know the dynamic equation in each node. Hence, the method will then work correctly to solve the dynamic problems. More, a parametric study has been done to see the effects of times step, stiffness of elements, length of elements, and other mechanical properties of elements, and this parametric study enables one to produce new results by changing every parameter. Also, continuation of the study on x-frame tensegrity has been done by solving them to check out dynamic response of structure with proposed methods of this thesis. Moreover, a method is presented to use the codes of solver methods of current thesis to apply them for other structures. Hence, as a future work, one can combine the codes of structures and solver codes of this thesis for dynamic response of structure. In fact the main effort of this thesis is on presenting different methods to solve various structures.
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Wang, Yun Ping. "Non-linear finite element analysis of steel plate tension members." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41534.
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In the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) LRFD specification, the shear lag coefficient for plate members is dependent on only the ratio of the welding length to the plate width. To determine how this ratio influences the shear lag coefficient and whether there are other factors that should be considered, a finite element investigation was conducted. Experimental data from a previous study conducted at Virginia Tech was used for comparison with the analytical model.
Upon completion of the verification study, several parameters were investigated to determine their influence on the shear lag coefficient. These included the effects of weld length, eccentric load and imperfection created by the welding process. Shear lag coefficients were determined from the finite element analyses and compared with the AISC specification values.Master of Science
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Carpentier, Jean-Baptiste. "Influence d’une onde acoustique plane transverse sur l’atomisation des jets liquides non-assistés cylindriques à faible vitesse." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES072.
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Ce mémoire présente une étude théorique et expérimentale du comportement de jets liquides non assistés cylindriques lorsque l’on soumet ces derniers à une onde acoustique plane transverse. L’expérience démontre que la vitesse acoustique peut provoquer l’atomisation prématurée d’un jet. Deux processus de rupture distincts sont isolés et décrits qui dépendent du diamètre intérieur de buse. Il est aussi rapporté la déviation stationnaire de la trajectoire de l’écoulement pour certaines conditions de champ acoustique. Deux approches théoriques du comportement des jets sont proposées. La première consiste en une analyse modale des vibrations d’un jet liquide débitant dans un champ acoustique stationnaire transverse ; elle met en lumière le phénomène physique qui est à l’origine d’un des processus de rupture observés au cours des expériences. La deuxième approche fait appel à la pression de radiation acoustique pour expliquer la déviation des jetsThis survey consists in a theoretical and an experimental study of non-assisted cylindrical liquid jets under transverse planar acoustic waves. Experiments show that acoustic velocity can lead to severe atomization. Two different breakup modes are pointed out and described which depend on the nozzle diameter. It is also reported that jet trajectory can deviate under specific acoustic conditions. Two theoretical models are proposed. The first one consists in a modal analysis of the vibrations of a jet when it flows into a transverse stationary acoustic field ; it shows the underlying physical phenomenon which is responsible for one of the breakup mode experimentally observed. The second model calls out for acoustic radiation pressure to explain deviation of jets
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陳樹輝 and Shuhui Ch‘en. "Generalization of the Lindstedt-Poincaré method for analysis of non-linear vibrations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231779.
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Chʻen, Shuhui. "Generalization of the Lindstedt-Poincar'e method for analysis of non-linear vibrations /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12760018.
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Belagod, Trivikram Srinivasan. "ALTERNATING LONGITUDINAL WEDGED COULOMB FORCES MINIMIZE TRANSVERSE TUBE VIBRATIONS THROUGH NON-LINEAR COUPLING." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1250624800.
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Saliba, H. T. "Free vibration analysis of non-rectangular quadrilateral plates." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5264.
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Elliott, Dwayne 1961. "Circular plate on a non-linear elastic foundation with moderately large deflections." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277853.
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Typically, the problem of a plate on an elastic foundation has been approached by assuming that the foundation modulus (or modulus of subgrade reaction for a soil) remains constant as the plate deforms the foundation. If one were dealing with soil as the foundation material, it can be seen from a load-deformation plot for a particular soil, that this modulus would not be constant but would decrease as the deformations increase. The purpose of this thesis is to obtain an accurate solution that uses a more realistic model for the effect of the foundation behavior in the problem. When larger deflections of the plate are encountered, the results of the analysis using a non-linear model for the foundation differ substantially when compared to results using a linear model.
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Eccles, Bradley James. "The use of non-linear vibrations in the health monitoring of reinforced concrete structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323189.
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Cherubini, Stefania. "Linear and non-linear global instability of attached and separated boundary-layer flows over a flat plate." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENAM0012.
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The aim of this thesis is to describe the linear and non-linear dynamics of both attached and separated boundary-layer flows over a flat plate at low Reynolds numbers. The linear dynamics, driven by the interactions among the non-orthogonal eigenvectors, is studied using two global instability approaches: the global eigenvalue analysis and the direct-adjoint optimization. In these global instability analysis no spatial structure is assumed a-priori for the perturbation, and the convective effects due to the high non-parallelism of the flow are taken into account. In the case of the separated boundary-layer flows, it has been clarified the role of the following features in the onset of unsteadiness: i) the strong two-dimensional convective amplification; ii) the non-normality effects such as the 'flapping' phenomenon; iii) the high sensitivity to external forcing; iv) the globally unstable three-dimensional mode. Concerning the attached boundary layer, the aim has been to identify localized perturbations characterized by more than one frequency in the streamwise and/or spanwise direction, inducing a strong energy amplification. In order to assess the effects of non-linearity on the instability mechanisms identified by the global linear stability analysis, direct numerical simulations have been performed in a two- and three-dimensional framework for both the attached and separated boundary-layer flows. The dynamics of the perturbations which most easily brings the flows on the verge of turbulence have been studied. Different scenarios of transition have been observed, and the mechanisms leading the flow to turbulence have been analyzed in detailLe but de cette thèse est de décrire en détail la dynamique linéaire et non linéaire d'une couche limite attachée sur une plaque plane à bas nombre de Reynolds. La dynamique linéaire, pilotée par les interactions entre les vecteurs propres non-orthogonaux, est étudiée à travers deux méthodes différentes d’instabilité globale : une analyse globale aux vecteurs propres et une optimisation directe-adjointe. Dans ces analyses globales, aucune structure spatiale n’est imposée à priori pour la perturbation, les effets convectifs dus au fort non parallélisme de l’écoulement sont pris en compte. Pour le cas de la couche limite décollée, le déclenchement des instationnarités a été clarifié : i) pour une forte amplification des perturbations de nature convective et bidimensionnelle ; ii) pour des effets de non normalité longitudinale engendrant le phénomène du flapping ; iii) pour une forte sensibilité vis-à-vis d’un forçage harmonique ; iv) pour un monde tridimensionnel globalement instable. Pour une couche limite attachée, le but a été d’identifier les perturbations localisées caractérisées par des fréquences multiples dans les directions longitudinales et transversales de l’écoulement, induisant une amplification de l’énergie des perturbations. Pour évaluer les effets les effets de la non linéarité dans les mécanismes d’instabilité identifiés par les analyses de stabilité globale, des simulations numériques directes ont été réalisées pour les écoulements de couche limite attachées ou décollées, bidimensionnelles et tridimensionnelles. La dynamique des perturbations permettant une plus rapide vers la turbulence a été étudiée. Différents scénarios de transition ont été observés, les différents mécanismes de transition ont été analysés
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Leon, Armando. "Non-Linear Vibration and Dynamic Fracture Mechanics of Bridge Cables." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00488.
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In the present work, the non-linear vibrations and the corresponding dynamic fracture mechanics of cables of cable-stayed bridges are studied. The cables are among the most critical components in cable-stayed bridges and there are different damage sources such as corrosion, vibration, fatigue and fretting fatigue that can significantly affect them, thereby reducing the cable’s service life and even producing their failure. Cable-Parametric Resonance is the specific non-linear vibration studied in this research. This type of vibration occurs due to displacements presented at the cable supports. These displacements are induced by the wind and traffic loads acting on the pylon and deck of the bridge. Under certain conditions, unstable cable-vibration of significant amplitude can be registered. Therefore, numerical and experimental analyses are carried out in order to describe this phenomenon and to determine the corresponding instability conditions. Two non-linear models of cable-parametric resonance are studied to predict the cable response. In the simulation method, the non-linear components are treated as external forces acting on the linear systems, which are represented by Single Degree of Freedom systems and described by digital filters. A clear non-linear relationship between the excitation and the cable response is observed in the simulations and the experiments. The corresponding experimental analysis is based on a scaled model (1:200) of the Öresund bridge and a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is found. After obtaining the relationship between the cable response and the excitation, the cable instability conditions are determined. This is done by finding the minimum displacement required at the cable supports in order to induce nonlinear cable vibration of considerable amplitude. The instability conditions are determined within a wide range of excitation frequencies and conveniently expressed in a simplified and practical way by a curve. The determination process is rather fast and offers the possibility to evaluate all bridge cable stays in a rather short time. Finally, the dynamic fracture mechanics of the cable is considered by studying the fracture toughness characteristics of the material under dynamic conditions. Finite Element simulations on a pre-cracked three-point bending specimen under impact loading are performed. The observed cable instability is equivalently considered as the associated response to impact load conditions, and a crack as a defect on the wires of a cable stay. The simulations are based on an experimental work by using the Split Hopkinson pressure bar (Jiang et al). The dynamic stress intensity factor KI(t) up to crack initiation is then obtained by different methods. The numerical estimations based on the specimen’s crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and mid-span displacement were closest to the experimental results. It is observed that a better estimation of the dynamic stress intensity factor relies on a proper formulation of the specimen’s stiffness.Lic March 2011
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Lin, Bo Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "Non-selfadjoint vibration, control and stability of thin elastic rectangular plates." Ottawa, 1993.
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BATTIATO, GIUSEPPE. "Vibrations prediction and measurement of multi-stage bladed disks with non linear behavior due to friction contacts." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2680969.
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The architecture of current aircraft turbofan engines consists of multi-stage assemblies resulting from the coupling of bladed disks by means of bolted flange joints. The efficiency of such systems in real working condition is strictly related to the dynamic properties of blades and disks constituting them. According to the current design practices, blades and disks are designed so that their weights are reduced and their slenderness increased. Therefore, latest generation turbofan engine thus result much more sensible to mechanical vibrations that may cause failure by high cycle fatigue phenomena. For these reasons robust computational techniques and innovative measurement systems have become necessary tools for the design and validation of multi-stage bladed disks assemblies, in order to preserve their structural integrity while operating in real working conditions. The topics developed in this
Ph.D. thesis concern aspects of linear and non-linear dynamics in the turbomachinery field and give a series of important guidelines for the study of multi-stage bladed disks systems from both a numerical and experimental point of view. The research activity has been mainly focused on the following two topics: 1. Development of reduced order model techniques for the prediction of forced response of multi-stage bladed disk assemblies. The main challenge associated with modeling multi-stage assemblies is strictly related to the possible different cyclic symmetry characterizing the coupled stages. In such case a sector representative of the whole multi-stage system does not exist in general and typical dynamic calculations based on cyclic constraints can not be performed as in the case of single bladed disks. Therefore, two novel reduced order model techniques for multi-stage systems have been developed in order to overcome the mentioned drawback while guaranteeing high fidelity in modeling the system dynamics. Furthermore, for the first time the bolted flange joint
coupling two bladed disks is considered as a possible source of damping due to friction phenomena. Understanding the effects of such non-linearities
in damping blade vibrations could be crucial in design of bolted flange joint. The proposed reduction techniques then also allow the prediction of the forced
response of a multi-stage system when friction contacts are present at the flange joint interface while maintaining low computational costs.
2. Validation of the Blade Tip-Timing measurement technique, for the identification of the modal properties of two laboratory dummy disks. In this frame an
experimental procedure to validate the Blade Tip-Timing system against the strain gauges measurement has been proposed. Furthermore, a novel methodology for the identification of the operative deflection shape of a vibrating bladed disks in presence of small mistuning has been developed.
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RODRIGUES, LARA. "INFLUENCE OF INITIAL GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTIONS ON THE INTERNAL RESONANCES AND NON-LINEAR VIBRATIONS OF THIN-WALLED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35757@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A análise das ressonâncias internas em sistemas estruturais contínuos é uma das principais áreas de pesquisa no campo da dinâmica não linear. A ressonância interna entre dois modos de vibração ocorre quando a proporção de suas frequências naturais é um número inteiro. De particular importância, devido à sua influência na resposta estrutural, é a ressonância interna 1:1, geralmente associada às simetrias do sistema, a ressonância interna 1:2, devida às não linearidades quadráticas e a ressonância 1:3 decorrente de não linearidades cúbicas. A ressonância interna permite a transferência de energia entre os modos de vibração relacionados, levando geralmente a novos fenômenos com profunda influência sobre a estabilidade da resposta dinâmica. As cascas de revolução geralmente exibem ressonâncias internas devido à inerente simetria circunferencial e um denso espectro de frequência em sua faixa de frequências mais baixas. Isso pode levar não apenas a ressonâncias internas do tipo m:n, mas a múltiplas ressonâncias internas. Nesta tese é realizada a análise de múltiplas ressonâncias internas em cascas cilíndricas delgadas, em particular as ressonâncias internas de 1:1:1:1 e 1:1:2:2 são investigadas em detalhes, um tópico pouco explorado na literatura técnica. A investigação de ressonâncias internas em sistemas contínuos geralmente é realizada usando modelos discretos de baixa dimensão. Embora alguns trabalhos anteriores tenham investigado ressonâncias internas do tipo m:n em cascas cilíndricas, muitos resultados não são consistentes, uma vez que os modelos discretos derivados não consideram os acoplamentos modais devido a não linearidades quadráticas e cúbicas. Aqui, usando um procedimento de perturbação, expansões modais consistentes são derivadas para um número arbitrário de modos de interação, levando a modelos de baixa dimensão confiáveis. A precisão desses modelos é corroborada usando o método Karhunen-Loève. Finalmente, é bem sabido que pequenas imperfeições geométricas da ordem da espessura da casca têm uma forte influência na sua resposta não linear. No entanto, sua influência nas ressonâncias internas, instabilidade dinâmica e transferência de energia é desconhecida. Assim, a influência de diferentes tipos de imperfeição modal é devidamente considerada na presente análise. Utilizando os modelos discretos aqui derivados, é apresentada uma análise detalhada das bifurcações, utilizando técnicas de continuação e o critério de estabilidade de Floquet, esclarecendo a importância das ressonâncias internas nas vibrações não lineares e instabilidades de cascas cilíndricas. Os resultados também confirmam que a forma e a magnitude das imperfeições geométricas iniciais têm uma influência profunda nos resultados, permitindo ou impedindo a transferência de energia entre os modos ressonantes considerados.
The analysis of internal resonances in continuous structural systems is one of the main research areas in the field of nonlinear dynamics. Internal resonance between two vibration modes occur when the ratio of their natural frequencies in an integer number. Of particular importance, due to its influence on the structural response, is the 1:1 internal resonance, usually associated with system symmetries, the 1:2 internal resonance, due to quadratic nonlinearities, and the 1:3 resonance arising from cubic nonlinearities. The internal resonance enables the energy transfer between the related vibration modes, leading usually to new phenomena with profound influence on the stability of the dynamic response. Shells of revolution usually exhibit internal resonances due to the inherent circumferential symmetry and a dense frequency spectrum in their lower frequency range. This may lead not only to m:n internal resonances, but also multiple internal resonances. In this thesis, the analysis of multiple internal resonances in slender cylindrical shells is conducted, in particular 1:1:1:1 and 1:1:2:2 internal resonances are investigated in detail, a topic rarely found in the technical literature. The investigation of internal resonances in continuous systems is usually conducted using low dimensional discrete models. Although some previous works have investigated m:n internal resonances in cylindrical shells, many results are not consistent since the derived discrete models do not consider the modal couplings due to quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. Here, using a perturbation procedure, consistent modal expansions are derived for an arbitrary number of interacting modes, leading to reliable low dimensional models. The accuracy of these models is corroborated using the Karhunen-Loève method. Finally, it is well known that small geometric imperfections of the order of the shell thickness has a strong influence on the shell nonlinear response. However, their influence on internal resonances, dynamic instability and energy transfer is largely unknown. Thus, the influence of different types of modal imperfection is properly considered in the present analysis. Using the derived discrete models, a detail bifurcation analysis, using continuation techniques and Floquet stability criterion, is presented, clarifying the importance of internal resonances on the nonlinear vibrations and instabilities of cylindrical shells. The results also confirm that the form and magnitude of initial geometric imperfections has a profound influence on the results enabling or preventing the energy transfer among the considered resonant modes.
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Arikatla, Jhansi R. "VIBRATIONS OF SERIES OF BEAMS CONNECTED BY FLEXIBLE NONLINEAR LAYERS WITH APPLICATION TO CARBON NANOTUBES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1164662552.
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Thompson, Andrew S. "Experimental Characterization of Flow Induced Vibration in Turbulent Pipe Flow." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1906.
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This thesis presents results of an experimental investigation that characterizes the wall vibration of a pipe with turbulent flow passing through it. Specifically, experiments were conducted using a water flow loop to address three general phenomena. The topics of investigation were: 1) How does the pipe wall vibration depend on the average flow speed, pipe diameter, and pipe thickness for an unsupported pipe? 2) How does the behavior change if the pipe is clamp supported at various clamping lengths? 3) What influence does turbulence generation caused by holed baffle plates exert on the pipe response? A single pipe material (PVC) was used with a range of internal diameters from 5.08 cm to 10.16 cm and diameter to thickness ratios ranging from 8.90 to 16.94. The average flow speed that the experiments were conducted at ranged from 0 to 11.5 m/s. Pipe vibrations were characterized by accelerometers mounted on the pipe wall at several locations along the pipe length. Rms values of the pipe wall acceleration and velocity time series were measured at various flow speeds. Power spectral densities of the accelerometer data were computed and analyzed. Concurrent wall pressure fluctuation measurements were also obtained. The results show that for a fully developed turbulent flow, the rms of the wall pressure fluctuations is proportional to the rms of the wall acceleration and each scale nominally as the square of the average fluid velocity. Also, the rms of the pipe wall acceleration increases with decreasing pipe wall thickness. When changes were made in the pipe support length, it was observed that, in general, pipe support length exercises little influence on the pipe wall acceleration. The influence of pipe support length on the pipe wall velocity is much more pronounced. A non-dimensional parameter describing the pipe wall acceleration is defined and its dependence on relevant independent non-dimensional parameters is presented. Turbulence was induced using baffle plates with various sizes (2.54 cm to 0.159 cm) and numbers of holes drilled through them to provide a constant through area of 35.48 cm2 for each plate. Cavitation exists at high speeds for the largest holed baffle plates and this significantly increases the rms of the pipe wall acceleration. As the baffle plate hole size decreases, vibration levels were observed to return to levels that were observed when no baffle plate was employed. Power spectral densities of the accelerometer data from each baffle plate scenario were also computed and analyzed.
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Claeys, Maxence. "Réponses vibratoires non-linéaires dans un contexte industriel : essais et simulations." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0034/document.
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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l’étude expérimentale et numérique des réponses vibratoires non linéaires des structures mécaniques. Les études expérimentales menées au CEA/CESTA montrent que la réponse des structures assemblées à des sollicitations vibratoires est souvent très fortement dépendante du niveau d’excitation. Ces résultats expérimentaux ne peuvent pas être reproduits en simulation avec la méthode de simulation vibratoire linéaire classique. L’objectif de ces travaux est de proposer et de mettre en place des méthodes expérimentales et numériques pour étudier ces réponses non-linéaires. Cet objectif passe par l’étude de maquettes d’essai sujettes aux mêmes phénomènes vibratoires non-linéaire que les objets d’étude industriels du CEA/CESTA. Au niveau expérimental, les développements se basent sur les installations et logiciels industriels. Au niveau simulation, les méthodes de simulation vibratoire non-linéaires et les techniques numériques avancées développées depuis de nombreuses années dans le monde académique sont utilisées dans le contexte industriel du CEA/CESTA. Le premier objet d’étude est une poutre métallique bi-encastrée. Cette structure présente une réponse vibratoire non-linéaire d’origine géométrique. La structure est modélisée avec des conditions aux limites non-idéales et sa réponse vibratoire est simulée par trois méthodes (développement multi- échelles, méthode de balance harmonique et méthode de tir). Ces résultats de simulation sont comparés entre eux et avec l’expérience. La maquette d’étude au cœur de ces travaux de thèse est un assemblage présentant des interfaces frottantes : la maquette ✭✭Harmonie ✮✮. De nombreux essais vibratoires sont réalisés sur cette maquette afin d’identifier ses modes de résonance et ceux de ses composants, d’étudier l’évolution de la réponse vibratoire de l’assemblage due au frottement et enfin de mesurer le mouvement vibratoire local dans la zone de frottement. Un modèle numérique de cette structure est ensuite réalisé. Ce modèle est réduit par une méthode de sous-structuration puis des relations non-linéaires de frottement sont introduites au niveau des liaisons frottantes. La réponse vibratoire non-linéaire du modèle obtenu est simulée grâce à la méthode de balance harmonique couplée à des algorithmes de condensation et de continuation. Des comparaisons essai-calcul sont présentées pour les réponses globales et pour les mouvements locaux des liaisonsThis PhD work deals with the experimental and numerical study of mechanical structures’ nonlinear vibration response. Experimental studies led at the CEA/CESTA show that jointed structures vibration responses are often strongly dependent on the excitation level. These experimental results cannot be simulated using the classical linear vibration simulation method. This work aims at proposing and implementing experimental and numerical methods to study nonlinear responses. This objective involves the study of test structures subject to the same non-linear vibratory phenomena as CEA/CESTA industrial structures. Experimentally, developments are based on industrial facilities and softwares. Numerically, nonlinear vibration simulation methods and advanced numerical techniques that have been developed for many years in academia are applied in the CEA/CESTA industrial context. The first test structure is a clamped-clamped steel beam. This structure has a geometric nonlinear behavior. The structure is modeled with non-ideal boundary conditions and its frequency response is simulated using three different simulation methods (method of multiple scales, the harmonic balance method and a shooting method). These simulation results are compared one with each other and with experimental results. The test structure at the heart of this work is an assembly with friction joints named “Harmony”. Many vibration tests are carried out to identify its resonance modes and those of its components, to study the evolution of the vibration response due to friction and finally to measure the local vibrational movement in the friction zone. A numerical model is then developed. This model is reduced using a substructuring method and then in the friction zone, linear joints are replaced by nonlinear friction models. The nonlinear vibration response of this reduced model is simulated using the harmonic balance method coupled with condensation and continuation algorithms. Test-simulation comparisons are presented both for global responses and for local joints movements
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Lonzi, Barbara. "Development and application of experimental methodologies for the mechanical characterization of non-linear materials exploited in the production of loudspeakers." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243121.
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La caratterizzazione di materiali utilizzati nella produzione di altoparlanti necessita dello sviluppo di tecniche investigative che si adattano alle specificità di ciascuna tipologia di materiale in esame. In questa tesi vengono quindi proposti approcci diversi in base al materiale e al tipo di caratterizzazione impiegata, ovvero statica/transitoria e dinamica.
Viene presentata una nuova caratterizzazione dinamica della carta basata su un metodo ibrido. Infatti, grazie all’utilizzo combinato del metodo agli elementi finiti e dell’analisi modale sperimentale, è stato possibile valutare le proprietà dinamiche meccaniche del materiale in termini di modulo conservativo e dissipativo all’interno di un ampio range di frequenze, In particolare, nel range di frequenze acustiche è stata individuata una relazione lineari tra le caratteristiche meccaniche della carta e la frequenza d’eccitazione.
Per quanto riguarda la gomma, è stato possibile analizzare la deformazione tridimensionale dei campioni sottoposti a carico uniassiale tramite lo sviluppo di un opportuno setup sperimentale. Ciò ha permesso di descrivere il comportamento viscoelastico del materiale medianti le leggi costitutive dei modelli generalizzati di Maxwell e di Kelvin-Voigt. Inoltre, la misura della deformazione tridimensionale ha permesso di identificare i limiti in termini di deformazione entro i quali le ipotesi di incomprimibilità e isotropia del materiale sono verificate.
La caratterizzazione dinamica ha sfruttato i dati ottenuti mediante prove di analisi dinamica termica al fine di sviluppare un nuovo approccio per la costruzione delle mastercurve del modulo conservativo e di quello dissipativo. I risultati sperimentali sono stati descritti mediante il modello di Havriliak-Negami, il quale è risultato essere un potente strumento per la determinazione dei fattori di shift necessari all’ottenimento della mastercurve in un ampio range di frequenze.
Le varie metodologie sviluppate hanno permesso di descrivere le proprietà meccaniche dei materiali in esame tramite modelli parametrici. I parametri così individuati possono essere facilmente impiegabili nelle simulazioni numeriche degli altoparlanti.The mechanical characterization of materials exploited in the production of loudspeakers requires the development of investigative techniques that adapt to the specificities of each type of test material. The proposed approaches were diversified depending on the concerned material and the nature of the characterization, i.e. static or transient versus dynamic. A new hybrid dynamic characterization of paper was presented. Thanks to the combined employment of a Finite Element Method together with the Experimental Modal Analysis, the dynamic mechanical properties of the material, i.e. the storage and the loss moduli, can be evaluated in a wide range of frequency. A linear relationship between mechanical properties of paper and frequency was found within the acoustic range. The proposed experimental setup for the transient test on rubbery materials aimed to the investigation of the three-dimensional strain state of the sample subjected to uniaxial load. The viscoelastic behavior of the material was then described through the constitutive laws provided by the generalized Maxwell model and the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model. The three-dimensional strain measurement allowed the identification of the limits in terms of applied strain within which the hypothesis of isotropic and incompressible material is verified. The dynamical characterization was performed by means of a new approach for the construction of the mastercurves of both storage and loss modulus starting from Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis data. The experimental results were described by the Havriliak-Negami model, which represents a powerful tool for determining the shift factors needed to achieved a reliable mastercurve within a wide range of frequency. The developed methodologies allowed to describe the mechanical properties of the investigated materials by means of parametric models. The complete set of identified parameters are readily employable for the purpose of numerical simulation of the loudspeaker.
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Yan, Linjuan. "Contrôle de vibrations large bande à l’aide d’éléments piézoélectriques utilisant une technique non-linéaire." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0107/document.
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Afin de limiter les contraintes dans les matériaux pour accroître leur durée de vie et améliorer la sécurité des structures (par exemple dans les transports), ainsi que d’améliorer le confort des utilisateurs, le contrôle de vibrations mécaniques et leur amortissement a fait l’objet de nombreuses recherche scientifiques depuis de nombreuses décennies. De plus, la prolifération récente des matériaux dits « intelligents » couplant plusieurs disciplines de la physique telles que la mécanique et l’électricité a permis l’élaboration de techniques de contrôle de vibration fiables, robustes et performantes tout en étant très intégrables, permettant ainsi de disposer de méthodes totalement adaptées aux système embarqués ou aux structures où les contraintes d’encombrement sont relativement restrictives. Notamment, il a récemment été proposé l’utilisation de techniques non linéaires basées sur une commutation synchronisée d’éléments piézoélectriques sur une impédance afin d’amélioration la conversion d’énergie mécanique sous forme électrique et ainsi de disposer de systèmes de contrôle de vibrations très performants et intégrables. Néanmoins, du fait du principe de cette commutation synchronisée avec la déformation, le contrôle de vibrations large bande, très présents dans les environnements réels, conduit à une dégradation des performances de ces techniques. L’objectif des travaux rapportés dans cette thèse consiste à proposer et à étudier théoriquement et expérimentalement des approches dérivées de ces techniques mais totalement adaptées au large bande. Ainsi, après une introduction relatant l’état de l’art en termes de contrôle vibratoire, la première technique exposée dans cette thèse propose d’utiliser un filtrage spatial permettant de séparer les modes de vibrations pour ensuite connecter de manière appropriée des éléments piézoélectriques afin de pouvoir simultanément contrôler plusieurs modes de vibrations en flexion. La deuxième méthode pour disposer de systèmes de contrôle de vibrations efficaces se base sur la combinaison d’amortisseurs à masse accordée avec l’approche non-linéaire afin d’améliorer le pouvoir d’amortissement par un contrôle supplémentaire des transferts énergétiques via le couplage électromécanique, conduisant à une méthode efficace, robuste et pouvant être installée facilement. La troisième et dernière approche consiste à utiliser les propriétés remarquables des structures périodiques en les couplant avec l’approche non-linéaire, cette dernière permettant une augmentation de l’amortissement et un élargissement significatif des bandes fréquentielles réduisant significativement l’amplitude de l’onde. Enfin, une conclusion générale exposera les principaux résultats obtenus et proposera des pistes d’évolution des concepts exposésIn order to protect structures, extend their lifespan and decrease the incomfort resulting from undesired vibrations, many works have been reported for reducing vibrations. Along with the development of smart materials such as piezoelectric materials which are extensively used for vibration control and noise reduction due to their unique features (high integrability, compactness, light weight and high bandwidth), control systems can be designed in a more compact and simple form. Additionally, due to the conversion between mechanical energy and electrical energy, vibrations can be effectively attenuated by electromechanical approaches. Synchronized Switch Damping on Inductor (SSDI) technique attracted lot of attentions as an effective semi-passive technique which can artificially increase the converted energy by nonlinear voltage inversion process, thus allowing superior control performance compared to passive technique with low power requirement and simple control algorithm. Based on this semi-passive control technique, the objectives of this work are threefold. The first aim is improving the multimodal/broadband control performance of SSDI. An enhanced strategy based on spatial filtering according to the mode shapes of the vibrating structure is proposed. In order to separate the uninterested modes and effectively damp the targeted modes, sum and different switches respectively based on the sum of the piezovoltages of two anti-symmetrically bonded patches and the voltage difference of the two symmetrically bonded piezoelectric elements are introduced. Since the vibration modes can be spatially filtered by these connections, multimodal vibrations can be damped significantly and simultaneously as the sum and difference switches are employed, with an increase of total inversion coefficient. Then, electromechanical TMD (tuned mass damper) featuring piezoelectric materials combined with the semi-passive nonlinear technique SSDI is presented. Using this electromechanical semi-passive nonlinear TMD, the mechanical energy is not only transferred between host structure and TMD device but also converted as electrical energy stored in the piezoelectric patches and/or dissipated in the connected circuit, which allows excellent damping performance for limiting the vibrations. The last investigated method consists in electromechanical periodic structures featuring the nonlinear switching interface. Such a structure can effectively attenuate the elastic waves and damp the vibration in a wider frequency band since it has the capability of filtering propagative waves within stop bands attributed to the structural periodicity and the superior damping ability which is attributed to the nonlinear voltage inversion process that increases the voltage amplitude and decreases the phase between voltage and speed. Finally, a conclusion proposes a summary of the main results obtained in this thesis, as well as new extensions and ways of the proposed techniques
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Humbert, Thomas. "Turbulence d'ondes dans les plaques minces en vibration : étude expérimentale et numérique de l'effet de l'amortissement." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066512/document.
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Turbulence d’ondes dans les plaques minces en vibration : étude expérimentale et numérique de l’effet de l’amortissement La théorie de turbulence d'ondes a pour but de décrire le comportement à long terme de systèmes faiblement non linéaires hors équilibre. Pour les plaques minces en vibration, ce formalisme permet de prédire un spectre de Kolmogorov-Zakharov (KZ) avec un flux d'énergie transféré des échelles d'injection à celles de dissipation le long d’une fenêtre de transparence. Les études expérimentales antérieures à cette thèse ont mis en lumière des différences notables entre les spectres mesurés et les specres théoriques. La présence, dans un solide, de l’amortissement à toutes les échelles, est ici étudié afin d’expliquer ce désaccord. En contrôlant expérimentalement l’amortissement, il a été montré que la dissipation déterminait la forme des spectres. Par la caractérisation de l’amortissement, il a été trouvé que ce dernier peut être décrit en fonction de la fréquence par une loi de puissance. La dissipation expérimentale a alors pu être introduite directement dans une simulation numérique des équations de Föppl-von Kàrmàn. Cette démarche conduit à passer de la solution théorique KZ obtenue en l’absence de dissipation à des spectres très proches des spectres expérimentaux. Ces observations ne remettent pas en cause l’emploi de la turbulence d’ondes pour décrire la vibration d’une plaque mince sollicitée par un forçage d’une grande amplitude mais encouragent à étendre les outils théoriques à notre disposition en l’absence d’une fenêtre de transparence. En réalisant cette généralisation de façon phénoménologique, une nouvelle solution stationnaire, différente de KZ et valable pour toute loi d’amortissement, a pu être calculée numériquementWave turbulence theory aims at describing the long time behavior of weakly non-linear, out-of-equilibrium systems. For thin vibrating plates, this framework allows predicting a Kolmogorov-Zakharov Spectrum (KZ) with an energy flux transfered from the injection to the dissipative scales along a transparency window. Previous experimental studies have pointed out some discrepancies between mesured and theoretical spectra. The fact that, in solid, damping acts at all scales, is here studied in order to explain this disagreement. By an experimental control of the dissipation, it is observed that dissipation determines the shape of spectra. Experimental measurement of the dissipation shows that damping can here be described, as a function of the frequency, by a power law. This behavior allows us to introduce directly damping in a numerical simulation of the Föppl-von Kàrmàn equations. It leads to pass from the theoretical solution KZ obtained without dissipation to spectra which are very closed to the experimental ones. These observations do not mean that wave turbulence theory should not be applied to thin plates excited by a strong forcing but encourage to extend our theoretical tools when there is no transparency window. By doing this in a phenomenological way, a new stationary solution, different from KZ and valid for any dissipation law, has been derived
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Meurdefroid, Anthony. "Dynamique des structures assemblées - Amortissement non linéaire." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST029.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans des travaux liés aux problématiques des structures assemblées. Après une analyse et une synthèse des différentes échelles de modélisation mises en jeu afin de déterminer l'amortissement dans les liaisons, le manuscrit met en évidence les changements d'échelles, soient les réductions de modèle. La résolution des problèmes de vibration non-linéaire mettent en jeu de nombreuses méthodes numériques. Le cadre de la thèse étant le régime permanent, l'équilibrage harmonique est la méthode clé, couplée à une résolution originale de type point fixe. En fonction du cas d'étude, trois pistes de résolution sont proposées. Si on connait tout du comportement, l'étude de la structure complète se résume à la résolution d'un système différentiel. La question est "comment le résoudre de manière efficace ?" Une comparaison de quatre formulations différentes du même problème dans les domaines temporel et fréquentiel, avec ou sans régularisation des forces hystérétiques, permet d'apporter des réponses à cette question. Si cela n'est pas possible ou déraisonnable, il faut alors essayer de décomposer le problème. Une des solutions afin d'accélérer le processus est de réduire le modèle. Pour cela une nouvelle base de réduction de la partie non-linéaire est introduite. Sa construction prend appui sur un indicateur énergétique et son utilisation sur un abaque. Enfin, si la construction de cet abaque est impossible, il est alors nécessaire d'avoir un calcul complet avec générations séquentielles d'abaques dynamiques de la sous-structure. Cette méthodologie adaptative alterne les résolutions temporelle et fréquentielle respectivement sur les domaines non-linéaire et linéaire sans recours à une méthode incrémentale type AFTThis thesis is part of work related to the problems of assembled structures. After an analysis and a synthesis of the different modeling scales involved in order to determine the damping in the joints, the manuscript highlights the scales changes, i.e. model reductions. Many numerical methods are used to solve nonlinear vibration problems. The framework of the thesis being steady-state vibrations, the Harmonic Balance Method is commonplace. Here it is coupled with an original fixed point algorithm. Depending on the case study, three resolution paths are proposed. If we know everything about the behavior, the study of the complete structure can be summarized to the resolution of a differential system. The question is "how to solve it efficiently?" A comparison of four different formulations of the same problem in the time and frequency domains, with or without the regularization of hysterical forces, provides answers to this question. If this is not possible or unreasonable, then one must try to decompose the problem. One way to speed up the process is to reduce the model. For this purpose a new basis for reducing the non-linear part is introduced. Its construction is based on an energy indicator and its use is based on a chart. Finally, if the construction of this chart is impossible, it is then necessary to have a complete computation with sequential generations of dynamic charts of the sub-structure. This adaptive methodology alternates the time and frequency resolutions respectively on non-linear and linear domains in a non incremental way
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Toulemonde, Charles. "Dynamique des oscillateurs à impacts." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0520.
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Au cours de cette thèse, la dynamique des assemblages de structures a été modélisée sous l'angle des oscillateurs a impacts. Plus particulièrement, la dynamique de ces systèmes a été envisagée de manière analytique. Les résultats théoriques de la thèse généralisent les résultats analytiques publiés jusqu'alors dans la littérature. L’étude a ainsi été étendue à l'ensemble des réponses périodiques possibles de ces systèmes : réponses périodiques impactant un nombre fini de fois par période, réponses périodiques avec phases de collage impactant un nombre infini de fois par période. Par ailleurs, les résultats présentés dans le cadre de cette thèse ne se limitent pas aux systèmes monodimensionnels, ils s'appliquent à l'ensemble des oscillateurs à impacts à plusieurs degrés de liberté. Les essais expérimentaux que nous avons menés confirment les travaux analytiques. Grâce aux méthodes analytiques que nous avons développées, il est possible de réaliser une investigation précise et rapide de la dynamique des oscillateurs à impacts. L’application de la méthode de continuation contribue, par la suite, à élargir le champ des résultats dans l'espace des paramètres. Grâce à cet outil, des diagrammes de bifurcation, de réponse fréquentielle ou de régionnement ont été construits. En ce qui concerne les réponses impactant un nombre fini de fois par période, la formulation de la dynamique employée est telle que la difficulté de la résolution du problème est rendue indépendante du nombre de degrés de liberté considérés pour modéliser la structure. L’exploitation de ce type de méthode permet ainsi d'étudier des systèmes réalistes dont le comportement non linéaire peut être très prononce, éventuellement même discontinu (impacts, frottement sec). Les outils que nous avons développés permettent d'aborder la dynamique asymptotique des assemblages boulonnes dans sa complexité.
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Wilson, David. "Prediction of bending wave transmission across coupled plates affected by spatial filtering and non-diffuse vibration fields." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/15433/.
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This thesis concerns models based on Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) to predict bending wave vibration in heavyweight buildings from structure-borne sound sources such as machinery. These sources tend to inject most power in the low- and mid-frequency ranges where the walls and floors have low mode counts and low modal overlap for which calculated Coupling Loss Factors (CLFs) from semi-infinite plate theory can be in error. For machinery it is necessary to predict vibration on walls/floors that are remote from the source room. In this situation, propagation across successive structural junctions causes spatial filtering of the wave field and the assumption of a diffuse field in each plate subsystem breaks down. The predictive approach described in the European Standard EN12354 uses SEA path analysis which assumes that transmission is dominated by first-order paths. However the feasibility of extending the concept of path analysis to walls and floors of rooms that are distant from the source room(i.e. not adjacent) is unknown. These issues are addressed in the thesis. The feasibility of SEA path analysis was assessed by quantifying the total contribution to receiver subsystem energy from paths containing specified numbers of CLFs. For receiving subsystems which are attached directly to the source subsystem, the EN12354 approach was found to underestimate the energy levels. For rooms remote from the source room, path analysis was found to significantly underestimate the vibration of the walls/floors which form the receiver room. Alternative approaches to improve predictions in large heavyweight buildings were assessed through comparison with Monte-Carlo Finite Element Method (MCFEM) models which were validated on a small heavyweight building. Matrix SEA was used with CLFs calculated for L-, T- and X-junctions using analytical models for rectangular plates to try and incorporate modal features. For isolated junctions, there was good agreement with MCFEM but in large buildings. However, it was unable to predict the peaks and troughs in the vibration response to one-third octave band accuracy although it can estimate the envelope response for plates that are directly connected to the source plate. In general, matrix SEA using finite plate theory CLFs does not improve the prediction in one-third octave bands when the statistical mode count is less than unity. Ray tracing was therefore investigated which showed that the angular distribution of power incident on the plate edges differed significantly from a diffuse field. Computationally efficient ray tracing was then developed for inclusion in Advanced SEA (ASEA) models to account for indirect coupling between plate subsystems. ASEA gave significant improvements over matrix SEA when there were large numbers of structural junctions between the source and receiving plates.
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Zhao, Shen. "Practical Solutions to the Non-minimum Phase and Vibration Problems under the Disturbance Rejection Paradigm." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1334670962.
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Kar, Rahul. "Diagnostics of subsynchronous vibrations in rotating machinery - methodologies to identify potential instability." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2596.
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Rotordynamic instability can be disastrous for the operation of high speed turbomachinery in the industry. Most ??instabilities?? are due to de-stabilizing cross coupled forces from variable fluid dynamic pressure around a rotor component, acting in the direction of the forward whirl and causing subsynchronous orbiting of the rotor. However, all subsynchronous whirling is not unstable and methods to diagnose the potentially unstable kind are critical to the health of the rotor-bearing system. The objective of this thesis is to explore means of diagnosing whether subsynchronous vibrations are benign or have the potential to become unstable. Several methods will be detailed to draw lines of demarcation between the two. Considerable focus of the research has been on subharmonic vibrations induced from non-linear bearing stiffness and the study of vibration signals typical to such cases. An analytical model of a short-rigid rotor with stiffness non-linearity is used for numerical simulations and the results are verified with actual experiments. Orbits filtered at the subsynchronous frequency are shown as a diagnostic tool to indicate benign vibrations as well as ??frequency tracking?? and agreement of the frequency with known eigenvalues. Several test rigs are utilized to practically demonstrate the above conclusions. A remarkable finding has been the possibility of diagnosing instability using the synchronous phase angle. The synchronous phase angle ?? is the angle by which the unbalance vector leads the vibration vector. Experiments have proved that ?? changes appreciably when there is a de-stabilizing cross coupled force acting on the rotor as compared to when there is none. A special technique to calculate the change in ?? with cross-coupling is outlined along with empirical results to exemplify the case. Subsequently, a correlation between the synchronous phase angle and the phase angle measured with most industrial balancing instruments is derived so that the actual measurement of the true phase angle is not a necessity for diagnosis. Requirements of advanced signal analysis techniques have led to the development of an extremely powerful rotordynamic measurement teststand ?? ??LVTRC??. The software was developed in tandem with this thesis project. It is a stand-alone application that can be used for field measurements and analysis by turbomachinery companies.
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Fernandes, Gabriela Rezende. "O método dos elementos de contorno aplicado à análise não-linear de placas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-10092015-143524/.
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Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se uma formulação linear de placas através do Método dos Elementos de Contorno, baseada na teoria clássica de Kirchhoff, onde a integração numérica, sobre os elementos do contorno, é feita considerando-se a técnica de subelementos. Estende-se essa formulação à análise não-linear de placas de concreto armado, através da inclusão de um campo de momentos iniciais, onde as integrais de domínio são calculadas aproximando-se o campo de momentos iniciais em células internas. Consideram-se dois modelos constitutivos para o concreto: um elasto-plástico, onde o critério utilizado é o de Von Mises, sem considerar resistência à tração, enquanto que o outro é o modelo de dano de Mazars. A distribuição das tensões é aproximada, em uma seção qualquer da placa, por pontos discretos, que seguindo um esquema gaussiano, permite a integração numérica para o cálculo dos esforços. Em cada ponto, considerado ao longo da espessura, verifica-se o modelo constitutivo adotado. Numa primeira aproximação, considera-se que a linha neutra é definida pela superfície média da placa e, numa aproximação seguinte, a posição da mesma é calculada de tal forma que a força normal resultante seja nula.In this work a linear boundary element formulation for Kirchhoff plate in bending is presented, including a precise numerical scheme based on sub-element integration to compute the boundary matrices. Then, the formulation is extended to perform non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete slabs by incorporating initial moment fields. The domain integral required to evaluate the initial moment influences are performed by using the well known cell sub-division. The non-linear behaviour of concrete slabs is included by considering two particular models: the Von Mises criterion modified to consider no strength in tension and the damage model proposed by Mazars. Those criteria are verified at points along the plate thickness, appropriately placed to allow performing numerical integration to approach moments and normal forces using Gauss point schemes. A first model was developed assuming that the plate middle surface is coincident with the plate neutral axes. Then, this model is modified to find the proper neutral axis positions by enforcing the normal force resultants to be zero.
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Yamao, Michele. "Análise dinâmica não linear bidimensional de risers verticais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-26062014-215011/.
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Na última década foram descobertas jazidas de petróleo e gás em águas profundas ao longo da costa sudeste do Brasil, o que tem levado à reavaliação de conceitos e técnicas até então utilizados para sua exploração em pequenas profundidades. Parâmetros que anteriormente eram supostamente não críticos passaram a ser relevantes no dimensionamento estrutural dos risers. Efetivamente, a descoberta de novas jazidas na Bacia de Santos incentivou o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nesta área, no Brasil e no mundo. Os depósitos de petróleo e gás encontrados abaixo da camada de sal (daí serem referidas por pré-sal) ocorrem em áreas com lâmina dágua de mais de 2.000 metros, requerendo novas tecnologias para viabilizar sua extração. Os risers de produção nada mais são do que tubulações que levam petróleo e gás do fundo do oceano para a superfície. Nas suas diversas configurações geométricas (vertical, em catenária, lazy wave, entre outros), são elementos estruturais extremamente esbeltos, que devem suportar carregamentos dinâmicos oriundos da correnteza marítima em grande profundidade, ondas de superfície, escoamento interno e deslocamentos impostos, atendendo a exigentes critérios de projeto. O riser vertical será o foco deste trabalho, no qual se pretende utilizar modelos matemáticos com poucos graus de liberdade, denominados modelos de ordem reduzida (MOR), mas com adequada capacidade de representação qualitativa e quantitativa da resposta estrutural, fazendo uso de modos não lineares como funções de projeção, dentro do método de Galerkin não linear. Os modos não lineares, intensivamente estudados no Grupo de Pesquisa Dinâmica, Estabilidade e Controle de Sistemas Estruturais da Escola Politécnica da USP, por conterem intrinsecamente informações de harmônicos de ordem superior, são capazes de, em menor número do que os modos lineares utilizados no método da superposição modal clássico, descreverem acuradamente a resposta do sistema não linear. Serão utilizados procedimentos baseados tanto no método das variedades invariantes, quanto no método das múltiplas escalas, em modelos analíticos. Para a redução de graus de liberdade, será utilizado o método de projeção que se baseia na imposição da igualdade entre os trabalhos virtuais dos modelos de alta e baixa hierarquia (MOR), de sorte que o sistema sob carregamento dinâmico possa ser estudado em espaço de fase de baixa dimensão. A presente pesquisa, além dos desafios acadêmicos inerentes ao tema, apresenta evidente relevância econômica e estratégica para o País.In the last decade, deposits of oil and gas under deep waters were discovered along the Brazilian Southeast coast, which led to reassessment of concepts and techniques previously used for their exploitation under shallow waters. Parameters that were not previously considered to be critical became relevant in the structural design of the risers. Indeed, the discovery of new deposits in the so-called Santos Basin encouraged the development of research in this area in Brazil and worldwide. The oil and gas deposits found in the pre-salt layer occur in waters deeper than 2,000 meters, requiring new technologies to facilitate their extraction. The risers of production are nothing more than pipes that carry oil and gas from the ocean to the surface. In its various geometric configurations (vertical, catenary, lazy waves, etc.), they are extremely slender structural elements, which must withstand dynamic loads from deep currents, surface waves, internal flow and imposed motions, observing the strict design criteria regarding ultimate and service limit states. The vertical riser will be the focus of this work, which uses mathematical models with few degrees of freedom, known as reduced-order models (ROM), but with adequate capacity to represent the structural response both qualitatively and quantitatively, using non-linear modes as projection functions within the non-linear Galerkin method. The non-linear modes were intensively studied in the research group \"Dynamics, Stability and Control of Structural Systems\" at the Escola Politécnica of USP. Because they contain information of higher-order harmonics, they are able to accurately describe the response of the nonlinear system, using a smaller number of modes than the linear modes used in the classical modal superposition method. Procedures based on the method of invariant manifold and the method of multiple scales alike will be applied to analytical continuum models (with infinite number of degrees of freedom). For the reduction of degrees of freedom, a method based on the identification of the virtual works in both the high-hierarchy and the ROM will be used, so that the system under dynamic loading can be studied in a low-dimension phase space. 13 This research, in addition to academic challenges inherent to the subject has obvious economic and strategic importance for the country.
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LASSALLE, MARCO. "Self-excited vibrations controlled by damping at blade root joints of turbine disks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2712971.
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The purpose of this thesis is the development of a methodology for the calculation of the non-linear aero-elastic behavior of a bladed disk to be used in an industrial process. The non-linear aero-elastic phenomena of a bladed disk for aeronautical applications are studied in the presence of friction contacts using a one-way coupled method. The calculation is performed using a method based on the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) and the balance between the energy introduced by the unsteady aerodynamics on the blade airfoil and the dissipative energy. The HBM method is preferred with respect to the Direct Time Integration (DTI) for the strong reduction of the computation time that HBM technique allows in spite of an acceptable level of approximation when nonlinearities are introduced and the response is periodic.
The nonlinearity is introduced by purposely developed contact elements, placed at the blade root-joints, that produce additional stiffening and damping in the system due the introduction of contact stiffnesses and friction forces based on Coulomb’s law. The aero-elastic equilibrium will be investigated through a Parameter variation of the Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCO) of the system using two different approaches: the physical approach and the modal approach. The effect of such variations will be highlighted in order to demonstrate what are the parameters that influence most the blade amplitude, both for the CFD and the mechanical simulation. In particular, the uncertainty in the definition of the contact parameters at the blade root will be taken into account by varying the friction coefficient and the normal force distribution on the blade root joint. Finally, the results of the analysis will be compared with the experimental data produced with a cold-flow test rig to verify if the sensitivity study associated to the simplifications introduced in the method are compatible with the measured response.
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Лейких, Дмитро Володимирович, Дмитрий Владимирович Лейких, and Dmytro Volodymyrovych Leikykh. "Идентификация причин возбуждения несинхронных колебаний роторов турбокомпрессоров и способы снижения их амплитуд." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20905.
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Дисертація присвячена ідентифікації причин збудження несинхронних коливань роторів турбокомпресорів і способам зниження їх амплітуд, і включає в себе розробку методу побудови дискретних багатомасових нелінійних математичних моделей роторів турбокомпресорів для дослідження впливу підшипників ковзання, внутрішнього тертя та інших параметрів на поведінку ротора в області стійких і нестійких частот обертання . На основі розробленої методики ідентифіковані конкретні нелінійні моделі роторних систем для різних типів підшипників ковзання. Досліджено вплив різних моделей внутрішнього тертя на стійкість і характер полігармонічних коливань роторів. Проведено експериментальні дослідження динаміки ротора турбокомпресора на різних типах підшипників. За результатами випробувань визначені граничні по стійкості частоти обертання ротора в залежності від дисбалансу. Також експериментально була отримана межа стійкості модельного ротора при зміні температури масла, що подається в підшипник, для різних типів підшипників; досліджено залежність зміни граничної по стійкості частоти обертання ротора від діаметрального зозору для 5-ти сегментного підшипника і вплив тиску масла, що подається в підшипник, на вібраційний стан ротора. Досліджуваним об'єктом є вібраційний стан гнучкого ротора турбокомпресора, обумовлений впливом нелінійних ефектів підшипників ковзання.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20905Диссертация посвящена идентификации причин возбуждения несинхронных колебаний роторов турбокомпрессоров и способам снижения их амплитуд, и включает в себя разработку метода построения дискретных многомассовых нелинейных математических моделей роторов турбокомпрессоров для исследования влияния подшипников скольжения, внутреннего трения и других параметров на поведение ротора в области устойчивых и неустойчивых частот вращения. На основе разработанной методики идентифицированы конкретные нелинейные модели роторных систем для различных типов подшипников скольжения. Исследовано влияние различных моделей внутреннего трения на устойчивость и характер полигармонических колебаний роторов. Экспериментально исследованы границы устойчивости ротора при его вращении на различных типах подшипников скольжения, а также закономерности его колебаний в неустойчивой области частот вращения. Исследуемым объектом является вибрационное состояние гибкого ротора турбокомпрессора, обусловленное влиянием нелинейных эффектов подшипников скольжения. Приведен метод построения нелинейных дискретных математических моделей роторов. Как показали проведенные численные исследования, для роторов работающих как на сегментных подшипниках скольжения, так и на магнитном подвесе, диапазон рабочих частот вращения которых лежит в области первой критической частоты, допустимо использовать трехмассовую модель. Роторы, работающие между первой и второй критической частотой, необходимо представлять 4-массовой моделью. На основе разработанной четырехмассовой модели реального ротора с нелинейными опорами было оценено влияние нелинейной жесткости и циркуляционной силы, возникающей в различных типах подшипников, на устойчивость движения и нелинейные колебания ротора, а также исследованы некоторые закономерности влияния внутреннего трения на динамическое поведение ротора. Используя экспериментальные данные были определены значения коэффициента при нелинейной квадратичной жёсткости и коэффициента циркуляционной силы для различных типов подшипников. Проведены экспериментальные исследования динамики ротора турбокомпрессора на различных типах подшипников. По результатам испытаний определены значения граничной по устойчивости частоты вращения ротора в зависимости от дисбаланса. Также экспериментально была получена граница устойчивости модельного ротора при изменении температуры подаваемого в подшипник масла для различных типов подшипников, исследована зависимость изменения граничной по устойчивости частоты вращения ротора от диаметрального зазора для сегментного пятиколодочного подшипника и влияние давления подаваемого в подшипник масла на вибрационное состояние ротора. Результаты диссертационной работы заключающиеся в том, что разработанные математические модели, программное обеспечение, результаты вычислительных и экспериментальных исследований совместно с методикой и рекомендациями по проектированию роторов на подшипниках скольжения, позволяют уже на стадии проектирования производить оценку динамического состояния роторных систем с подшипниками скольжения, с учетом факторов, вызывающих автоколебания, внедрены на ОАО «Сумское НПО им М.В. Фрунзе», а также в учебном процессе на кафедре общей механики и динамики машин Сумского государственного университета. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20905
Dissertation is devoted to identification of reasons of asynchronous vibrations excitation for turbo-compressors rotors and methods of decreasing their amplitudes, and includes development of design method of discrete multiweight non-linear mathematical models of turbo-compressors rotors for researching effect of titling pad bearings, internal friction and other parameters on rotor behavior in range of stable and unstable frequencies of rotation. On the basis of developed method, specific non-linear models of rotor systems for different types of titling pad bearings have been identified. Effect of different models of internal friction on stability and nature of polyharmonic vibrations of rotors have been researched. Experimental researches of turbo-compressor rotor dynamics at different types of bearings have been conducted. Values of limiting speed of rotor depending of unbalance have been determined upon test results. Also, stability limit of model rotor at changing temperature of oil supplied to bearing for different types of bearings has been experimentally obtained, dependence of changing limit speed of rotor on diametrical clearance for segment five shoe bearing and effect of oil pressure supplied to bearing on rotor vibration state have been researched. The researched object is vibration state of turbo-compressor flexible rotor defined by effecting non-linear effects of titling pad bearings. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/20905
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Lauzier, Kevin. "Analyse et réduction des vibrations d'un refroidisseur cryogénique pour application spatiale : de la modélisation multiphysique à la commande non linéaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI071.
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Les satellites météorologiques, scientifiques et militaires d'observation de la Terre sont parfois équipés de caméras thermiques. Ces imageurs doivent être refroidis à très basse température pour limiter le bruit induit sur les images de la Terre par la température des capteurs eux-mêmes ainsi que par des sources de chaleur proches des détecteurs infrarouges. Cette thèse s'intéresse à un refroidisseur cryogénique de type « tube à gaz pulsé » qui remplit cette fonction. Elle traite plus particulièrement des vibrations qu'il génère car elles peuvent notamment déstabiliser le satellite ou mettre en mouvement le plan focal des caméras. Les objectifs sont alors de comprendre et de réduire les vibrations induites par le fonctionnement du refroidisseur cryogénique. Ces travaux de thèse comportent deux parties principales. Dans la première, après une analyse du refroidisseur et de son fonctionnement, son comportement vibratoire est modélisé. Ce modèle multiphysique global a pour objectif d'identifier les dissymétries, les non-linéarités et les comportements mécaniques susceptibles d’induire des vibrations. L’approche système proposée fait appel à différentes disciplines scientifiques telles que l’électromagnétisme, la mécanique des solides, la mécanique des fluides et la thermodynamique. Des études de sensibilité sont conduites et le modèle est confronté à des expériences, en mettant en exergue les limites des moyens de mesure et des méthodes de vérification. Dans un second temps, la réduction des vibrations du refroidisseur par la commande est étudiée. L'ensemble du contrôleur actuel de réduction des vibrations est remis en question. Les améliorations proposées concernent les capteurs de vibration, l’algorithme d’analyse fréquentielle, l'algorithme de réduction des vibrations ainsi que le mode de commande. Les solutions de pilotage, de conception et de fabrication du refroidisseur qui résultent de cette thèse offrent des opportunités pour améliorer les performances du système et diminuer son coûtEarth observation satellites for meteorological, scientific or military applications sometimes carry infrared imagers. These cameras need to be cooled down to very low temperatures in order to avoid blurry infrared pictures of the Earth, due to the thermal noise of the detector or heat sources nearby. This PhD thesis focuses on a pulse tube cryocooler used in such applications. It deals with induced vibrations as they can destabilize the satellite or make the camera focal plane move. The goals are to understand and reduce the vibrations induced by the pulse tube cryocooler. These PhD works are composed of two main parts. First, the cryocooler is analyzed and modelled to reproduce observed induced vibrations. This global multiphysics model is aimed at identifying dissymmetry, non-linearity and mechanical behaviors which cause vibrations. This approach uses different fields of science such as electromagnetism, mechanics, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Sensitivity studies are done and the model is confronted to experiments highlighting measurement tools limits and checking methodologies. Next, vibration reduction using control strategies is studied. The whole control loop is questioned. The improvements proposed concern the vibration sensors, the frequency analysis algorithm, the vibration reduction algorithm and the type of control. Solutions for control, conception and manufacturing resulting from this PhD work offer opportunities to improve the system and lower its cost
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Grenat, Clément. "Nonlinear Normal Modes and multi-parametric continuation of bifurcations : Application to vibration absorbers and architectured MEMS sensors for mass detection." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI078/document.
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Un des buts de cette thèse est d’approfondir la compréhension de la dynamique non-linéaire, notamment celle des MEMS, en proposant de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse paramétrique et de calcul de modes normaux non-linéaires. Dans une première partie, les méthodes de détection, de localisation et de suivi de points de bifurcation selon un unique paramètre sont rappelées. Ensuite, une nouvelle méthode d’analyse multiparamétrique basée sur la continuation récursive d’extremums est présentée. Cette méthode est ensuite appliquée à un absorbeur de vibration non-linéaire afin de repousser l’apparition de solutions isolées. Deuxièmement, une méthode de calcul de modes normaux non-linéaires est présentée. Une condition de phase optimale et une régularisation de l’équation de mouvement sont proposées afin d’obtenir une méthode de continuation plus robuste au niveau des interactions modales. Ensuite, un problème quadratique aux valeurs propres modifié pour le calcul de stabilité et de points de bifurcation est présenté. Finalement, le calcul de modes normaux non-linéaires a été étendu aux systèmes non-conservatifs permettant la continuation des résonances d’énergie en déplacement et des résonances de phase. Troisièmement, la dynamique non-linéaire de réseaux de MEMS basé sur plusieurs micro-poutres résonantes est analysée à l’aide des méthodes proposées. Tout d'abord, un phénomène de synchronisation de points de bifurcations dû au couplage électrostatique dans les réseaux de MEMS est expliqué. Puis, la dynamique non-linéaire d'un réseau dissymétrisé par l'ajout d'une petite masse sur une micro-poutre est analysée. Enfin, des mécanismes de détection de masse exploitant ces phénomènes non-linéaires sont présentésOne of the goals of this thesis is to enhance the comprehension of nonlinear dynamics, especially MEMS nonlinear dynamics, by proposing new methods for parametric analysis and for nonlinear normal modes computation. In a first part, methods for the detection, the localization and the tracking of bifurcation points with respect to a single parameter are recalled. Then, a new method for parametric analysis, based on recursive continuation of extremum, is presented. This method is then applied to a Nonlinear Tuned Vibration Absorber in order to push isolated solutions at higher amplitude of forcing. Secondly, a method is presented for the computation of nonlinear normal modes. An optimal phase condition and a relaxation of the equation of motion are proposed to obtain a continuation method able to handle modal interactions. Then, a quadratic eigenvalue problem is shifted to compute the stability and bifurcation points. Finally, nonlinear normal modes are extended to non-conservatives systems permitting the continuation of phase and energy resonances. Thirdly, the nonlinear dynamics of MEMS array, based on multiple resonant micro-beams, is analyzed with the help of the proposed methods. A frequency synchronization of bifurcation points due to the electrostatic coupling is discovered. Then, the nonlinear dynamics of a MEMS array after symmetry breaking event induced by the addition of a small mass onto one of the beam of the array is analyzed. Finally, mass detection mechanisms exploiting the discovered phenomena are presented
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Thomas, Benjamin. "Dynamique d’une structure complexe à non linéarités localisées sous environnement vibratoire évolutif : Application à l'isolation vibratoire d'un équipement automobile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0106.
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Cette recherche porte sur le développement d’un modèle de structure de géométrie complexe équipée de composants à comportement non linéaire viscoélastique dans le but de simuler sa réponse à des excitations définies par des densités spectrales de puissance (DSP). L’application industrielle concerne l’isolation vibratoire d’un module de refroidissement automobile monté sur plot de suspension en élastomère. Une revue du comportement des élastomères en fonction de leurs conditions d’environnement et de sollicitations identifie les paramètres des différents modèles analysés. Des essais préliminaires ont été menés pour définir les intervalles des niveaux de sollicitations et quantifier l’échauffement des plots. La caractérisation expérimentale de la suspension porte sur des plots en élastomère munis de leurs interfaces afin d’agréger dans un seul modèle les non linéarités du comportement viscoélastique, des glissements et des frottements. Les boucles effort-déflexion axiales et radiales mesurées sont traitées avec un système expert développé spécialement pour caler les paramètres du modèle retenu. Il s’agit du modèle de Dahl généralisé qu’il a fallu étendre aux aspects viscoélastiques. Ce processus de calage automatique a été codé avec un logiciel développé sous Octave/Matlab. Des méthodes d’interpolations et extrapolations rendent opérationnel ce modèle sur toute la gamme fonctionnement de l’application définie dans l’espace fréquence-déflexion. Ce processus a été codé dans le module UserSubroutine pour Abaqus. Soumettre le système mécanique non linéaire à des excitations définies par une DSP nécessite de s’appesantir sur le traitement des vibrations aléatoires. En effet il faut, pour calculer les réponses, considérer le passage fréquence-temps et inversement pour les comparer éventuellement aux exigences des normes. De plus, la taille et la complexité du modèle EF de la structure industrielle rendent impossible une résolution temporelle sur l’ensemble de ses degrés de liberté. Il s’agit alors de faire appel à des techniques d’homogénéisation et de condensation dynamique afin de prévoir la réponse aux excitations à large bande fréquentielle dans le but d’analyser les performances de l’isolation vibratoireThis research work regards the development of a complex structure model with non-linear viscoelastic components. The purpose of this study is to simulate the response of this structure submitted to a random vibration excitation based on a power spectral density definition (PSD). The industrial applicative case is the vibratory insulation of a automotive engine cooling module supported by elastomer mounts. A brief review of elastomers behavior depending on solicitations types enables to identify the parameters of the different investigated models. Preliminary tests have been conducted to define the range of amplitudes of excitations and evaluate the internal warming of rubbers during the full structure validation test. The experimental characterization of the suspension is based on rubbers mounts and their interfaces with the cooling module, in order to take into account in a unique model all nonlinearities due to the viscoelastic behavior, the slidings, and the friction. Measured force-deflection hysteretic cycles in axial and radial direction are post-processed with an expert system developed to obtain the parameters of the retained model: the modified Dahl’s model, generalized to viscoleastic aspect. This process has been developed with Octave/Matlab code. Interpolation and extrapolation methods enable to obtain a good model response on the global operating range. These methods have been coded in an Abaqus UserSubroutine. Imposing random vibration excitation of a non linear mechanical system based on PSD imposes to take into account signal processing aspects. To evaluate response levels versus norms requirements, it’s mandatory to consider the time-frequency transfer. In addition, the size and the complexity of the total finite element model of the industrial structure don’t allow a global resolution in the time domain for all the degrees of freedom. Homogenization and dynamic reduction techniques are used to evaluate the response of the system submitted to large frequency range excitations, and to analyse the behavior of the suspension
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Bao, Bin. "Distributed, broadband vibration control devices using nonlinear approaches." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI086/document.
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L’amélioration du confort des usagers ainsi que l’augmentation du niveau de sécurité des structures requièrent le développement de techniques permettant de limiter efficacement les vibrations. Dans cette optique, les travaux exposés ici proposent le développement et l’analyse de méthodes de contrôle vibratoire pour des structures de faibles dimensions et utilisant peu d’énergie. Afin de satisfaire à ces deux critères, il est ici proposé d’utiliser des éléments piézoélectriques électriquement interfacés de manière non-linéaire et périodiquement distribués sur la structure-cible à contrôler. Ainsi, l’approche proposée permet de bénéficier à la fois des avantages des techniques de contrôle non-linéaires appliquées aux matériaux intelligents de type piézoélectrique, offrant des performances remarquables tout en étant peu consommatrices d’énergie, avec ceux des structures périodiques exhibant des bandes fréquentielles interdites présentant de fortes atténuations de la propagation d’onde. Plus particulièrement, ce mémoire s’intéresse à différentes architectures d’interconnexion des interfaces électriques non-linéaires permettant un bon compromis entre la bande fréquentielle contrôlée et les performances en termes d’atténuation des vibrations. Ainsi, trois architectures principales sont proposées, allant de structures totalement périodiques, tant au niveau mécanique qu’électrique (interconnexions), à des structures présentant un certain degré d’apériodicité sur le plan électrique (entrelacement), impactant ainsi la propagation de l’onde acoustique en élargissant la bande de contrôle, pour enfin proposer une architecture hybride entre interconnexion et entrelacement conduisant à des systèmes large bande performantsFor ameliorating vibration reduction systems in engineering applications, miscellaneous vibration control methods, including vibration damping systems, have been developed in recent years. As one of intelligent vibration damping systems, nonlinear electronic damping system using smart materials (e.g., piezoelectric materials), is more likely to achieve multimodal vibration control. With the development of meta-structures (a structure based upon metamaterial concepts), electronic vibration damping shunts, such as linear resonant damping or negative capacitance shunts, have been introduced and integrated abundantly in the electromechanical meta-structure design for wave attenuation and vibration reduction control. Herein, semi-passive Synchronized Switch Damping on the Inductor (SSDI) technique (which belongs to nonlinear electronic damping techniques), is combined with smart meta-structure (also called smart periodic structure) concept for broadband wave attenuation and vibration reduction control, especially for low frequency applications. More precisely, smart periodic structure with nonlinear SSDI electrical networks is investigated from the following four aspects, including three new techniques for limiting vibrations: First, in order to dispose of a tool allowing the evaluation of the proposed approaches, previous finite element (FE) modeling methods for piezoelectric beam structures are summarized and a new voltage-based FE modeling method, based on Timoshenko beam theory, is proposed for investigating smart beam structure with complex interconnected electrical networks; then, the first developed technique lies in smart periodic structure with nonlinear SSDI interconnected electrical networks, which involves wave propagation interaction between continuous mechanical and continuous nonlinear electrical media; the second proposed topology lies in smart periodic structures with nonlinear SSDI interleaved / Tri-interleaved electrical networks involving wave propagation interaction between the continuous mechanical medium and the discrete nonlinear electrical medium. Due to unique electrical interleaved configuration and nonlinear SSDI electrical features, electrical irregularities are induced and simultaneously mechanical irregularities are also generated within an investigated periodic cell; the last architecture consists in smart periodic structures with SSDI multilevel interleaved-interconnected electrical networks, involving wave propagation interaction between the continuous mechanical medium and the multilevel continuous nonlinear electrical medium. Compared with the SSDI interconnected case, more resonant-type band gaps in the primitive pass bands of purely mechanical periodic structures can be induced, and the number of such band-gaps are closely related to the interconnection / interleaved level. Finally, the main works and perspectives of the thesis are summarized in the last chapter
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Fernandes, Gabriela Rezende. "Análise não-linear de estruturas de pavimentos de edifícios através do método dos elementos de contorno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-10092015-144809/.
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Neste trabalho, a formulação linear do método dos elementos de contorno - MEC, baseada nas hipóteses de Kirchhoff, é adaptada à análise de estruturas de pavimentos de edifícios, considerando-se as interações entre elementos lineares e de superfície. Leva-se em conta, além da flexão, o comportamento dos elementos como membrana. A representação integral deduzida contempla todos os elementos estruturais envolvidos, portanto garantido a monoliticidade do conjunto sem a necessidade de impor compatibilizações de deslocamentos e equilíbrio das forças generalizadas de superfícies ao longo das interfaces. A formulação integral é deduzida a partir da primeira identidade de Betti, onde a placa é considerada com variação de espessura, quer seja contínua ou abrupta. Porém, nesse trabalho apenas o caso de placas e vigas com rigidez constante são tratados. A partir dessa formulação, a fim de reduzir o número de graus de liberdade do problema, apresenta-se um modelo alternativo, onde as vigas são representadas por seus eixos médios. Estende-se essa formulação à análise não-linear, através da inclusão de campos de esforços iniciais, onde as integrais de domínio são calculadas aproximando-se o campo de esforços iniciais em células internas. A solução não-linear é obtida a partir da formulação implícita, na qual as correções que devem ser dadas aos estados de curvatura e das deformações de chapa em uma determinada iteração, são obtidas através do operador tangente consistente, que é atualizado a cada iteração, e da correção dos esforços nos pontos da placa. O critério elasto-plástico utilizado é o de Von Mises e a distribuição das tensões é aproximada, em uma seção qualquer da placa, por pontos discretos, que seguindo um esquema gaussiano, permite a integração numérica para o cálculo dos esforços.In this work, the plate bending linear formulation of the boundary element method - BEM, based on the Kirchhoff\'s hypothesis, is extended to incorporate beam elements. The final objective of the work is to obtain a numerical model to analyse building floor structures, in which stiffness is further increased by the presence of membrane effects. From the boundary integral representations of the bending and the stretching problems a particular integral equation to represent the equilibrium of the whole body is obtained. Using this integral equation, no approximation of the generalized forces along the interface is required. Moreover, compatibility and equilibrium conditions along the interface are automatically imposed by the integral equation. An alternative formulation where the number of degrees of freedom is further reduced is also investigated. In this case, the kinematics Navier-Bernoulli hypothesis is assumed to simplify the strain field for the thin sub-regions (beams). Then, the formulation is extended to perform non-linear analysis by incorporating initial effort fields. Then non-linear solution is obtained using the concept of the local consistent tangent operator. The domain integral required, to evaluate the initial effort influences, are performed by using the well-known cell sub-division. The non-linear behaviour is evaluated by the Von Mises criterion, that is verified at points along the plate thickness, appropriately placed to allow performing numerical integration to approach moments and normal forces using Gauss point schemes.
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Thomas, Benjamin. "Dynamique d’une structure complexe à non linéarités localisées sous environnement vibratoire évolutif : Application à l'isolation vibratoire d'un équipement automobile." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0106/document.
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Cette recherche porte sur le développement d’un modèle de structure de géométrie complexe équipée de composants à comportement non linéaire viscoélastique dans le but de simuler sa réponse à des excitations définies par des densités spectrales de puissance (DSP). L’application industrielle concerne l’isolation vibratoire d’un module de refroidissement automobile monté sur plot de suspension en élastomère. Une revue du comportement des élastomères en fonction de leurs conditions d’environnement et de sollicitations identifie les paramètres des différents modèles analysés. Des essais préliminaires ont été menés pour définir les intervalles des niveaux de sollicitations et quantifier l’échauffement des plots. La caractérisation expérimentale de la suspension porte sur des plots en élastomère munis de leurs interfaces afin d’agréger dans un seul modèle les non linéarités du comportement viscoélastique, des glissements et des frottements. Les boucles effort-déflexion axiales et radiales mesurées sont traitées avec un système expert développé spécialement pour caler les paramètres du modèle retenu. Il s’agit du modèle de Dahl généralisé qu’il a fallu étendre aux aspects viscoélastiques. Ce processus de calage automatique a été codé avec un logiciel développé sous Octave/Matlab. Des méthodes d’interpolations et extrapolations rendent opérationnel ce modèle sur toute la gamme fonctionnement de l’application définie dans l’espace fréquence-déflexion. Ce processus a été codé dans le module UserSubroutine pour Abaqus. Soumettre le système mécanique non linéaire à des excitations définies par une DSP nécessite de s’appesantir sur le traitement des vibrations aléatoires. En effet il faut, pour calculer les réponses, considérer le passage fréquence-temps et inversement pour les comparer éventuellement aux exigences des normes. De plus, la taille et la complexité du modèle EF de la structure industrielle rendent impossible une résolution temporelle sur l’ensemble de ses degrés de liberté. Il s’agit alors de faire appel à des techniques d’homogénéisation et de condensation dynamique afin de prévoir la réponse aux excitations à large bande fréquentielle dans le but d’analyser les performances de l’isolation vibratoireThis research work regards the development of a complex structure model with non-linear viscoelastic components. The purpose of this study is to simulate the response of this structure submitted to a random vibration excitation based on a power spectral density definition (PSD). The industrial applicative case is the vibratory insulation of a automotive engine cooling module supported by elastomer mounts. A brief review of elastomers behavior depending on solicitations types enables to identify the parameters of the different investigated models. Preliminary tests have been conducted to define the range of amplitudes of excitations and evaluate the internal warming of rubbers during the full structure validation test. The experimental characterization of the suspension is based on rubbers mounts and their interfaces with the cooling module, in order to take into account in a unique model all nonlinearities due to the viscoelastic behavior, the slidings, and the friction. Measured force-deflection hysteretic cycles in axial and radial direction are post-processed with an expert system developed to obtain the parameters of the retained model: the modified Dahl’s model, generalized to viscoleastic aspect. This process has been developed with Octave/Matlab code. Interpolation and extrapolation methods enable to obtain a good model response on the global operating range. These methods have been coded in an Abaqus UserSubroutine. Imposing random vibration excitation of a non linear mechanical system based on PSD imposes to take into account signal processing aspects. To evaluate response levels versus norms requirements, it’s mandatory to consider the time-frequency transfer. In addition, the size and the complexity of the total finite element model of the industrial structure don’t allow a global resolution in the time domain for all the degrees of freedom. Homogenization and dynamic reduction techniques are used to evaluate the response of the system submitted to large frequency range excitations, and to analyse the behavior of the suspension
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Snoun, Cherif. "Contrôle passif des vibrations des systèmes mécaniques à l’aide d’absorbeurs dynamiques non linéaires avec prise en compte des incertitudes." Thesis, Tours, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUR4001.
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Face à l’augmentation des exigences à la fois économiques et de santé publique, les industriels sont dans la nécessité de concevoir des systèmes mécaniques de plus en plus performants et respectant un certain niveau de confort acoustique. En mécanique ou en acoustique, le contrôle de vibrations est un champ de recherche très actif. Trois grands types de technologie sont majoritairement utilisées dans l’industrie : le contrôle passif par dissipation, le contrôle passif à l’aide d’absorbeurs linéaires accordées et le contrôle actif, chacune de ses techniques possédant ses avantages et ses inconvénients. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, l’utilisation d’absorbeurs non linéaires de type NES (« Nonlinear Energy Sink » en anglais), typiquement un système masse-ressort-amortisseur à raideur purement non linéaire, a montré son efficacité comme solution alternative de contrôle passif des vibrations en conciliant les avantages des technologies existantes. Cependant, le comportement dynamique du système couplé constitué du NES et du système primaire à protéger peut s’avérer très sensible aux paramètres qui admettent une dispersion importante. Notamment, lorsqu’il s’agit d’atténuer une instabilité dynamique (comme c’est le cas dans cette thèse) une discontinuité dans le profil de l’amplitude vibratoire du système peut s’observer, ce dernier passant brutalement d’un régime atténué (où le NES agit) à un régime non atténué (où le NES n’agit pas). Un régime non atténué étant potentiellement dangereux, il est important d’être en mesure, en prenant en compte les incertitudes paramétriques auxquelles le système primaire peut être confronté, de concevoir un NES qui soit robuste, c’est-à-dire fonctionnant au maximum dans l’espace des paramètres incertains correspondant à des régimes non atténués du système primaire.Dans la première partie, des méthodes basées sur le formalisme du chaos polynomial sont proposées pour la localisation, dans l’espace des paramètres incertains du système primaire, de la frontière entre la région correspondant aux régimes atténués et celle correspondant aux régimes non atténués, permettant ainsi le calcul de la propension du système couplé à être dans un régime atténué. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées aux cas d’un système frottant à deux degrés de liberté (le modèle dit de Hultèn) couplé à deux NES identiques. Les résultats montrent d’une part que les méthodes basées sur le chaos polynomial permettent de réduire significativement le cout de calcul par rapport à la méthode de référence en conservant une bonne précision et d’autre part que la méthode basée sur le chaos polynomial multi-éléments (appelée méthode ME-gPC) est la plus efficace.Dans la deuxième partie, une méthodologie d'optimisation des NES sous incertitudes est développée. Deux approches sont proposées, à chaque fois basées sur la maximisation, sous incertitudes des paramètres du système primaire, de la propension du système couplé à être dans un régime atténué. La première approche considère que les paramètre des NES sont déterministes et sont donc les variables de conception à optimiser. La seconde méthode considère que les paramètres des NES sont également incertains mais avec une loi de probabilité connue. Ainsi, les variables de conception à optimiser ne sont plus directement les paramètres des NES mais l’une de leurs statistiques (la moyenne ou l’écart-type par exemple) appelées hyper-paramètres. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés à une optimisation déterministe de référence. L’efficacité des méthodes proposée, basées sur le chaos polynomial, à réduire significativement le cout de calcul en gardant une bonne précision est mise en évidenceFaced with increasing economic and public health requirements, industrialists are faced with the need to design increasingly efficient mechanical systems that respect a certain level of acoustic comfort. In mechanics or acoustics, vibration control is a very active field of research. Three main types of technology are mainly used in industry: passive control by dissipation, passive control using tuned linear absorbers and active control, each of these techniques having its advantages and disadvantages. Over the past 15 years, the use of NES (Nonlinear Energy Sink) non-linear absorbers, typically a purely non-linear stiffness mass-spring-damper system, has proven its effectiveness as an alternative solution for passive vibration control by combining the advantages of existing technologies. However, the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system consisting of the NES and the primary system to be protected can be very sensitive to parameters that allow for high dispersion. In particular, when attenuating dynamic instability (as is the case in this thesis) a discontinuity in the vibration amplitude profile of the system can be observed, as the system suddenly switches from an attenuated regime (where the NES acts) to an unattenuated regime (where the NES does not act). Since an unattenuated regime is potentially dangerous, it is important to be able, taking into account the parameter uncertainties that the primary system may face, to design an NES that is robust, i.e. operating at maximum within the space of the uncertain parameters corresponding to unattenuated regimes of the primary system.In the first part, methods based on the formalism of polynomial chaos are proposed for locating, in the space of the uncertain parameters of the primary system, the boundary between the region corresponding to attenuated regimes and that corresponding to non-attenuated regimes, thus allowing the calculation of the propensity of the coupled system to be in an attenuated regime. These methods are then applied to the cases of a two-degree-of-freedom friction system (the so-called Hultèn model) coupled to two identical NES. The results show, on the one hand, that the methods based on polynomial chaos allow a significant reduction of the calculation cost compared to the reference method while maintaining a good accuracy and, on the other hand, that the method based on multi-element polynomial chaos (called ME-gPC method) is the most efficient.In the second part, a methodology for optimizing NES under uncertainty is developed. Two approaches are proposed, each based on maximizing, under uncertainties of the primary system parameters, the propensity of the coupled system to be in a mitigated regime. The first approach considers that the SNF parameters are deterministic and are therefore the design variables to be optimized. The second approach considers that the SEL parameters are also uncertain but with a known probability distribution. Thus, the design variables to be optimized are no longer directly the parameters of the NES but one of their statistics (the mean or the standard deviation for example) called hyper-parameters. The results obtained are compared with a reference deterministic optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed methods, based on polynomial chaos, to significantly reduce the cost of calculation while maintaining good precision is highlighted
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Ducarne, Julien. "Modélisation et optimisation de dispositifs non-linéaires d’amortissement de structures par systèmes piézoélectriques commutés." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0633/document.
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Afin de réduire les vibrations d'une structure, on utilise des éléments piézoélectriques connectés à des circuits électriques passifs. L'objectif est de se rapprocher de l'efficacité du contrôle actif sans en supporter la complexité et la consommation. On considère d'abord l'association d'une résistance (qui a un effet similaire à un amortissement visqueux) et éventuellement d'une inductance (permettant de réaliser un oscillateur accordé) aux éléments piézoélectriques. Ces systèmes ont des propriétés intéressantes, mais sont peu efficaces à moins d'un accord très précis de l'inductance. Afin d'obtenir des performances élevées sans accord précis, on étudie un circuit à commutation, qui se ferme et s'ouvre à des instants bien précis. L'effet de la charge, qui freine la structure, s'apparente à un frottement sec. En synchronisant les commutations sur les vibrations, le système est auto-adaptatif et peut être auto-alimenté. Les fortes non-linéarités entraînent une excitation haute fréquence de la structure qui peut rendre la synchronisation problématique. Deux modèles électromécaniques (analytique et éléments finis) réduits sont proposés, permettant de décrire la dynamique du système complet de manière précise et de mettre en valeur le couplage entre un mode de vibration et le circuit électrique. Ce couplage est déterminant pour la réduction de vibrations. Une étude de l'influence de divers paramètres permet d'optimiser les éléments piézoélectriques, les circuits, et les instants de commutation. Ces résultats sont vérifiés expérimentalement. On constate un bon accord avec la théorie ; la difficulté de synchroniser correctement la commutation est aussi constatéeIn order to reduce the vibrations of a mechanical structure, one can use piezoelectric elements connected to passive electrical circuits. The goal is to achieve the same efficiency as active vibration control without the associated complexity and energy consumption. First the use of a resistor (with an effect similar to viscous damping) and eventually of an inductor (allowing the creation of a tuned resonator) for the circuit is considered. These systems have interesting properties, but are not very efficient, except in the case of a finely tuned inductor. In order to obtain good performance without requiring a precise tuning, a switching circuit is considered. The switching process is synchronized on the vibrations, and the effect of the free electric charge (similar to a dry damping) reduces the vibrations. This system is self-adaptive and can be self-powered. However, the strong non-linearities create a high frequency excitation which may disturb the switch timing. Two different reduced electromechanical models (analytical and finite element) are proposed, allowing a description of the whole system dynamics with accuracy and to emphasize the coupling between one vibration mode and the circuit. This coupling is found to be decisive for the performance in vibration reduction. A study of the influence of various parameters allow the optimisation of the piezoelectric elements, electric circuits and switch timing. These results are experimentally tested and a good agreement with the predictions is obtained ; the difficulty of switch timing is also noticed
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Hoareau, Christophe. "Vibrations hydroélastiques de réservoirs élastiques couplés à un fluide interne incompressible à surface libre autour d’un état précontraint." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1241/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur le calcul par la méthode des éléments finis du comportement dynamique de réservoirs élastiques précontraints contenant un liquide interne à surface libre. Nous considérons que la pression hydrostatique exercée par le fluide interne incompressible sur les parois flexibles du réservoir est à l’origine de grands déplacements, conduisant ainsi à un état d’équilibre non-linéaire géométrique. Le changement de raideur lié à cet état précontraint induit un décalage des fréquences de résonances du problème de vibrations linéaires couplées.L’objectif principal du travail est donc d’estimer, par des approches numériques précises et efficaces, l’influence des non-linéarités géométriques sur le comportement hydroélastique du système réservoir/liquide interne autour de différentes configurations d’équilibre. La méthodologie développée s’effectue en deux étapes. La première consiste à calculer l’état statique non-linéaire par une approche éléments finis lagrangienne totale. L’action du fluide sur la structure est ici modélisée par des forces suiveuses hydrostatiques. La deuxième étape porte sur le calcul des vibrations couplées linéarisées. Un modèle d’ordre réduit original est notamment proposé pour limiter les coûts de calcul associés à l’estimation de l’effet de masse ajoutée. Enfin, divers exemples sont proposés et comparés à des résultats de la littérature (issus de simulations numériques ou d’essais expérimentaux) pour montrer l’efficacité et la validité des différentes approches numériques développées dans ce travailThis doctoral thesis focuses on the calculation by the finite element method of the dynamic behavior of prestressed elastic tanks containing an internal liquid with a free surface. We consider that the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the incompressible internal fluid on the flexible walls of the tank causes large displacements, thus leading to a geometric non-linear equilibrium state. The change of stiffness related to this prestressed state induces a shift in the resonance frequencies of the coupled linear vibration problem. The main objective of the work is therefore to estimate, through precise and efficient numerical approaches, the influence of geometric nonlinearities on the hydroelastic behavior of the reservoir/internal liquid system around different equilibrium configurations. The methodology developed is carried out in two stages. The first one consists in calculating the non-linear static state by a total Lagrangian finite element approach.The action of the fluid on the structure is modelled here by hydrostatic following forces. The second step is the calculation of linearized coupled vibrations. In particular, an original reduced order model is proposed to limit the calculation costs associated with the estimation of the added mass effect. Finally, various examples are proposed and compared with results from the literature (from numerical simulations or experimental tests) to show the effectiveness and validity of the different numerical approaches developed in this work
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Aydogan, Mustafa Ozgur. "Damage Detection In Structures Using Vibration Measurements." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1058809/index.pdf.
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Cracks often exist in structural members that are exposed to repeated loading, which will certainly lower the structural integrity. A crack on a structural member introduces a local flexibility which is a function of the crack depth and location. This may cause nonlinear dynamic response of the structure.
In this thesis, a new method is suggested to detect and locate a crack in a structural component. The method is based on the fact that nonlinear response of a structure with a crack will be a function of the crack location and crack magnitude. The method suggested is the extension of a recently developed technique for identification of non-linearity in vibrating multi degree of freedom
system. In this method, experimentally measured receptances at different forcing levels are used as input, and the existence and location of a nonlinearity are sought.
In order to validate the method, simulated experimental data is used. Characteristics of a cracked beam are simulated by using experimentally obtained analytical expressions, given in the literature. The structure itself is modelled by using finite element method. Several case studies are performed to test and demonstrate the applicability, efficiency and sensitivity of the method suggested. The effect of crack depth on nonlinear system response is also studied in numerical examples.
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Litak, Grzegorz, Andrzej Rysak, Marek Borowiec, Michael Scheffler, and Joachim Gier. "Vertical beam modal response in a broadband energy harvester." Sage, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35381.
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We examined energy harvesting using a vertical composite laminate beam with an additional moving mass subjected to kinematic harmonic excitation. The gravity effect and the moving tip mass applied to the system cause considerable changes in effective spring-mass characteristics of the bending beam. Simultaneously, we observed dynamical beam damping by an additional degree of freedom and non-linear effects including friction between the moving mass and the beam structure. The experiments were performed on the beam excited kinematically by a shaker, while beam velocity measurements were made by a scanning laser vibrometer. We applied modal analysis in the limit of a fairly low excitation level. The selected modal vibrations are illustrated by corresponding output time series.
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Viant, Jean-Nicolas. "Étude et conception de systèmes miniaturisés « intelligents » pour l’amortissement non-linéaire de vibration." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10132/document.
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L’amortissement de vibrations mécaniques trouve de nombreuses applications dans le domaine du contrôle acoustique ou de la réduction de contraintes dans l’industrie (machine outil), le génie civil (structure autoportée), ou encore l’aéronautique (réduction de contrainte lors des manoeuvres). Les recherches actuelles tendent principalement vers des méthodes utilisant des matériaux piézoélectriques collés à la surface des structures à traiter. Une technique prometteuse, développée au LGEF à l’INSA de Lyon, est l’amortissement de vibration d’une structure mécanique par méthode SSDI (pour Synchronized Switch Damping on an Inductor). Cette technique d’amortissement semi-active exploite un procédé non-linéaire de traitement de la tension aux bornes d’un élément piézoélectrique, capteur et actionneur à la fois. L’objectif de ce travail est de réaliser l’intégration de l’électronique de traitement de la tension aux bornes des éléments piézoélectriques en technologie microélectronique, afin de pouvoir l’embarquer sur le patch piézoélectrique à terme. Une analyse des techniques d’amortissement publiées permet d’y situer ce travail et de définir les points clés de la technique SSDI. Au deuxième chapitre, un certain nombre de modèles sont développés pour comparer et guider les choix de conception, et pour aboutir à des arbitrages architecturaux. Le troisième chapitre développe la conception d’un ASIC dans une technologie avec option haute tension, comprenant une fonction haute-tension de traitement du signal piézoélectrique et une chaine basse-tension d’analyse, de décision et de commande. La première réalise l’inversion de la tension piézoélectrique à l’aide d’un circuit RLC passif de conversion de l’énergie. La seconde s’attache à la détection des extremums de manière à optimiser l’amortissement. Un diviseur de tension auto-adaptatif avec protection contre les surtensions ainsi qu’un détecteur de pic de tension permettent de réaliser cette opération. Ces fonctions sont caractérisées en simulations et mesures. Le fonctionnement de l’ASIC est ensuite testé sur une structure mécanique, et les performances sont décrites et interprétées au chapitre 4. Le comportement multi-mode et la grande dynamique des signaux mécaniques traités sont des avancées par rapport à la bibliographieMechanical vibration damping has many applications in industry (machine tools), civil engineering (bridge construction), or aeronautics (stress during maneuvers). Current research tends mainly to use piezoelectric materials based methods. A promising technique from the LGEF of INSA Lyon is the vibration damping of mechanical structure by so-called SSDI method (for Synchronized Switch Damping on an Inductor). This semi-active damping technique uses a non-linear process to invert the voltage across a piezoelectric element. The element is used as sensor and actuator at a time. The aim of this work is to achieve an integration of the electronic process with the SSDI voltage inversion in a microelectronic technology. It has ultimately to embed the electronic controller on the piezoelectric patch. The analysis of published damping techniques can situate this work and identify key points of the SSDI technique. In the second chapter, several models are developed to compare and decide of the best architectural design choice. The third chapter presents an ASIC design in a technology with high voltage option. The ASIC consists of a high-voltage piezoelectric signal processing part and a low-voltage control part. The first function performs piezoelectric voltage reversing by mean of a passive RLC energy conversion circuit. The second function focuses on the extremum voltage detection circuit in order to optimize damping efficiency. A self-tuning voltage divider with over-voltage protection and a peak voltage detector can perform this operation. These functions are characterized by simulations and measurements. The ASIC operation is then tested with mechanical structures, and damping performances are described and interpreted in Chapter 4. The multimodal behavior and the mechanical signals high-dynamic are new contribution as regard in the bibliography
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Hmid, Abdelhak. "Dynamique d’équipements avec des non linéarités de liaisons localisées : Application aux systèmes optiques d’éclairage." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI139.
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La thèse concerne la prévision du comportement dynamique non linéaire d’équipements optique. Les travaux de recherche menés se concentrent sur la simulation des phénomènes vibratoires en jeu, afin de prévoir la réponse harmonique de l’équipement. Ces travaux ouvrent ainsi la voie à des préconisations d’évolutions dans la conception mécanique du projecteur pour augmenter sa durabilité et le confort de vision. En effet les essais pratiqués montrent que de forts niveaux de vibrations endommagent les composants du projecteur et détériorent la stabilité du faisceau d’éclairage. Afin d’éviter de telles nuisances, la conception du projecteur doit être adaptée grâce à un modèle mécanique qui intègre des comportements non linéaires causés essentiellement par les liaisons pour prévoir le mieux possible les niveaux de vibrations du projecteur embarqué. L’état de l’art est réalisé sur les comportements dynamiques non linéaires, les modèles et méthodes de résolution associés, puis les estimateurs existants de quantification des non linéarités. Les essais d’analyse modale réalisés mettent en évidence la présence de phénomènes non linéaires dus à de multiples causes (jeux-butées, frottements, stick-slip, …) localisées dans les liaisons réflecteur-boitier. Les caractérisations expérimentales menées sur les liaisons, délivrent des boucles efforts-déflexion qui montrent différents types de comportement non linéaire, aident au choix des modèles les plus pertinents et au calage de leurs paramètres. Les limites de validité des modèles de calculs linéaires sont déterminées par des critères formulés empiriquement. Les modèles non linéaires de liaison sélectionnés sont intégrés dans un modèle réduit à un puis à deux degrés de liberté d’un projecteur. La réprésentativité du modèle est évaluée sur la base des analyses modales mesurées du projecteur. Les équations décrivent le comportement dynamique de projecteur et les non linéarités sous l’hypothèse de régime stationnaire. La méthode de balance harmonique associée à une technique de continuation par longueur d’arc résout rapidement les équations et détermine avec précision les réponses dynamiques établies. L’étude est complétée par l’analyse de stabilité selon la théorie de Floquet qui met en évidence la présence des branches de solutions stables ou instables. Enfin des réponses harmoniques sont calculées avec un modèle aux éléments finis du projecteur complet. Les calculs sont basés sur l’identification des modes qui reposent sur la répartition des masses dans la structure, la nature des liaisons. Des études d’influence sont réalisées. Les paramètres étudiés sont les raideurs et précontraintes de contact, le coefficient de frottement, l’amortissement introduit. Leurs impacts sur les niveaux des vibrations sont quantifiés ce qui amène au recalage du modèle éléments finis pour améliorer les résultats modaux du projecteur automobile et sa réponse harmonique forcéeThe thesis deals with the prediction of nonlinear dynamic behavior of automotive headlamps. The attention is focused on building models to estimate the vibration behavior of lighting system to enhance its durability and comfort of vision. Vibration tests show that high levels of vibration damage projector components and degrade the stability of the illuminating beam. To avoid these issus, headlamps design must be adapted to include nonlinear phenomena provided from the joints connecting the reflector and housing subsets. The state of the art is performed on the non-linear dynamic behavior, models and methods and existing estimators quantifying nonlinearities. The modal tests performed demonstrate the presence of non-linear phenomena (clearance, friction, stick-slip, …) located in reflector-housing joints. Experimental investigations carried out on joints show different types of nonlinear behavior and help to identify the most important contact parameters (stiffness and damping). The limits of validity of the linear models are determined by empirically formulated criteria. Selected nonlinear models are integrated in a 1D-model reduced to one then two degrees of freedom of a projector. The representativeness of the model is evaluated basing of modal measurement of headlamp. The Harmonic Balance Method was used to calculate the periodic response. The algorithm calculates also the stability of the periodic solutions found, using Floquet theory, and follows stable or instable branches versus varying system parameters via the arc-length continuation technique. Finally, harmonic responses are predicted with a finite element model of the entire headlamp. The calculations are based on the identification of modes that are based on the weight distribution in the structures and joints proprities. Sensibility studies are carried out on stiffness and preloaded contact, coefficient of friction and damping. Impacts on the vibration levels were quantified that leads to update the finite element model and improve modal and harmonic results of headlamp
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Pyskir, Adrien. "Application de métamatériaux aux problématiques vibroacoustiques automobiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC011.
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Les métamatériaux sont des matériaux architecturés de telle sorte qu’ils présentent des propriétés exotiques, issues non pas du matériau constitutif, mais de leur structure interne. Bien qu’ayant été étudiés depuis une vingtaine d’années, peu d’applications réelles ont été recensées, notamment dans le domaine industriel. Cette thèse est consacrée aux métamatériaux élastiques susceptibles de réduire les vibrations dans les véhicules automobiles. En effet, une meilleure isolation des principales sources vibratoires permettrait l’amélioration du confort vibratoire et la durée de vie des pièces mécaniques. Les résultats de calculs numériques et essais expérimentaux montrent que les métamatériaux peuvent satisfaire des contraintes contradictoires, et représentent donc des candidats intéressants pour la réalisation d’innovations industrielles. Ce type de solutions étant fondamentalement différent des systèmes d’isolation actuels, le premier chapitre dresse un état de l’art des métamatériaux, afin d’en comprendre les mécanismes et les méthodes numériques permettant d’en calculer les performances. Le deuxième chapitre aborde les techniques de caractérisation des matériaux employées pendant cette thèse. Les essais mécaniques ainsi que les résultats permettent de définir les modèles matériaux utilisés par la suite. Dans le troisième chapitre, des calculs numériques appliqués à différentes architectures aident à mieux comprendre certains mécanismes des métamatériaux et à choisir le meilleur candidat vis-à-vis des propriétés ciblées. Celui-ci est approfondi dans le quatrième chapitre, à travers des études paramétriques statiques et dynamiques. Des propositions d’améliorations géométriques sont proposées, y compris un métamatériau hybride aux propriétés supérieures. Afin de vérifier les résultats expérimentaux et d’acquérir une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents, le cinquième chapitre aborde finalement les essais expérimentaux effectués, l’analyse de leurs résultats, et leur confrontation avec les résultats numériquesMetamaterials are architectured materials exhibiting exotic properties due to their internal stucture rather than their constitutive material. They have now been studied for two decades, but have yet to make their mark outside laboratories, especially for industrial applications. This thesis focuses on elastic metamaterials that can contribute to fix vibration issues in the automotive field. Better isolation of the main vibration sources would increase both the vibroacoustic comfort in the vehicles and the safety of mechanical parts. Through computations and experimentations, it is shown that metamaterials can be designed to meet different criteria usually contradictory and as such, are strong candidates for innovative breakthroughs in industry. As this kind of solutions differs radically from existing ones, the first chapter is a state-of-the-art review, both to grasp the main mechanims behind the multitude of metamaterials designs that can be found in the literature, as well as the methods used to modelize them. The second chapter tackles the characterization of the materials used along this thesis. The mechanical tests and results presented allow to determine the material models then inserted in the computations. Through preliminary computations, the third chapter attempts to understand and select the most promising mechanisms to satisfy the expected specifications. The chosen design properties are further investigated in the fourth chapter, through static and dynamic computations, as well as parametric studies. A hybrid metamaterial with enhanced isolation properties is proposed. To finally assess the numerical results obtained and reach better undestanding of the underlying mechanisms, the fifth chapter deals with the performed experimental tests, their analysis, and their comparison with previous results
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Vásquez, Joseph Arthur Meléndez. "Vibrações livres de risers em catenária com escoamento interno." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Juan Pablo Julca AvilaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, 2015.
Risers são estruturas tubulares cilíndricas usados para transferir petróleo e gás desde um poço de petróleo localizado no fundo do mar até uma plataforma. O presente trabalho de mestrado tem como enfoque o desenvolvimento e implementação de um código computacional para análise plana de vibrações livres de risers dispostos em catenária com escoamento interno. O riser, objeto deste estudo, é visto como uma viga plana curva e extensível com rigidez de tração e de flexão que experimentam grandes deslocamentos. O escoamento interno é visto como uma barra de flexibilidade infinita viajando ao longo do riser com velocidade constante. As equações do movimento do riser são deduzidas em coordenadas cartesianas via a abordagem variacional usando o princípio da energia potencial estacionária. O método de elementos finitos é usado para a análise estática e dinâmica geometricamente não linear do riser. Para a solução das equações não lineares de equilíbrio estático, o método iterativo de Newton-Raphson é utilizado. As frequências naturais e os modos de vibrar de um riser disposto em catenária são determinados para diferentes velocidades de escoamento interno, tensões no topo e velocidade de correnteza. Os resultados obtidos são comparados satisfatoriamente com dados da literatura. Verifica-se a funcionalidade do código desenvolvido que pode ser usado para conduzir pesquisas em vibrações livres de risers em catenária com escoamento interno.
Risers are cylindrical tubular structures used to produce/convey subsea oil and gas from wells located on the seafloor of the sea up to a platform. The focus of the present work of master¿s degree is the development and implementation of a computational code for the plane analysis of riser¿s free vibrations of a riser in catenary configuration under the effects of an internal fluid. The riser under study is seen as a plane extensible beam with axial and of bending stiffness, that experiments big displacements. The internal fluid is consider like a bar of infinite flexibility travelling along of riser with constant velocity. The riser¿s equations of motion are deducted in cartesian coordinates by an variational approach using the concept of total potential energy of a structural system. The finite elements method is used for the analysis dynamic and static non-linear geometrically of the riser. To solve the non-linear equations of static equilibrium, the iterative method of Newton-Raphson is used. The natural frequencies and vibrating modes of riser in catenary configuration are determined for different velocities of internal fluid, top tensions and current velocities. The results obtained are satisfactory when compared with literature data. Is verified the functionality of this code developed that can be used to conduct researches in free vibrations of risers in catenary configuration with internal fluid.
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Batou, Anas. "Identification des forces stochastiques appliquées à un système dynamique non linéaire en utilisant un modèle numérique incertain et des réponses expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472080.
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Ces travaux ont été développés dans le contexte de l'analyse vibratoire des assemblages combustibles. Ce type de structure est très complexe et a, du fait de sa géométrie, une très forte densité modale. Ainsi, afin de calculer la réponse d'une telle structure, une modélisation simplifiée est préférable. L'objectif est d'identifier des forces stochastiques induites par l'écoulement en utilisant un modèle numérique incertain et des réponses expérimentales. Pour ce problème, 4 sources d'incertitudes sont à prendre en considération : (1) Les incertitudes de modèle induites par les simplifications du modèle. (2) Les incertitudes sur les forces induites par les fluctuations statistiques de la pression turbulent. (3) Les incertitudes concernant la modélisation des forces stochastiques. (4) Les incertitudes induites par les erreurs de mesures. Les forces stochastiques ainsi identifiées sont appliquées sur le modèle simplifié stochastique pour calculer des statistiques sur les quantités d'intérêt
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Peyret, Nicolas. "Dissipation de l’énergie mécanique dans les assemblages : effet du frottement en sollicitation dynamique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1052/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de l'amortissement des structures assemblées, et plus précisément de la contribution des assemblages sous sollicitations vibratoires. Le mémoire est composé de cinq chapitres traitant la problématique tant du point de vue analytique qu'expérimental. Un banc d'étude académique est proposé afin d'étudier des assemblages sous sollicitation normale constante (statique) et sous sollicitations tangentielles liées aux vibrations de la structure (dynamique). Le facteur de perte caractérisant l'amortissement de la structure est obtenu, dans un premier temps par une étude locale quasi-statique. Puis une fonction de dissipation est définie, permettant d'affiner la modélisation de l'amortissement par une étude dynamique globale. Au regard des résultats obtenus par la modélisation, une analyse expérimentale est menée. Cela afin d'isoler la contribution, à l'amortissement de la structure, des glissements partiels dans les assemblages. Pour cela, deux structures géométriquement identiques, l'une monolithique et l'autre assemblée sont étudiées. Les effets des interfaces sont analysés puis comparés aux résultats analytiques. Afin de simuler plus précisément ces effets, une modélisation prenant en compte les défauts de forme des surfaces en contact est menéeThis thesis presents a study of damping in assembled structures, or, more precisely, a study of the vibrations of assemblies under external excitations. The paper contains five chapters examining this problem from both analytical and experimental viewpoints. An academic investigation is presented as a foundation in order to study assemblies both under constant normal stresses (static), and under tangential stresses linked to the structural vibrations (dynamic). The loss factor that characterizes the damping of the structure is obtained through a quasi-static local study. Then, a dissipation function is given, which allows the refinement of the damping model through a global dynamic study. An experimental analysis is undertaken to examine the results obtained by the modeling. The objective of this analysis is to isolate the effects, at the structural damping, of partial sliding in the assemblies. To isolate these effects, two structures identical in shape and material, one assembled and one uniform, are studied. The data collected from the interfaces are analyzed, and then compared to the analytical results. In order to simulate these effects with greater precision, a modeling is undertaken that takes into account the defects of form for the surfaces in contact
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Hammami, Maroua. "Comportement mécanique et vibratoire des composites stratifiés sains et endommagés par délaminage." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1022/document.
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Malgré d’excellentes propriétés mécaniques dans le plan, les stratifiés présentent un problème propre aux matériaux réalisés par stratification : le délaminage.Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a pour objet d’analyser le comportement en statique, en fatigue et en vibration linéaire et non linéaire des matériaux composite en présence d’endommagement de type délaminage. Dans ce but nous avons, dans un premier temps mis en place un modèle analytique simplifié, permettant de décrire le comportement élastique en flexion du composite multicouche en fonction de la longueur du délaminage.Une étude expérimentale détaillée a été menée pour caractériser le comportement mécanique en statique et en fatigue de ces matériaux. Des essais ont été conduits en flexion 3-points sur des poutres de ces matériaux pour plusieurs longueurs de délaminage. Ensuite, le comportement en vibration de ces matériaux a été étudié dans le cas de la flexion de poutres. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’identification de l’amortissement et des propriétés élastiques de ces matériaux et à leur évolution en fonction de la longueur du délaminage.L’étude expérimentale de la réponse en fréquence à une excitation forcée a permis de mesurer les fréquences propres et les amortissements de ces matériaux autour de chaque pic de résonance pour plusieurs longueurs de délaminage. Les résultats déduits de l’analyse expérimentale ont été comparés aux résultats obtenus à partir d’une analyse par éléments finis. Enfin, une méthode de vibration non linéaire a été appliquée pour caractériser le comportement des matériaux composites en présence de délaminage. Les paramètres non linéaires relatifs au décalage fréquentiel et à l’amortissement sont mesurés en faisant varier l’amplitude d’excitation. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les paramètres non linéaires sont plus sensibles au délaminage que les paramètres linéairesThe aim of this work is to investigate the effects of delamination lengths on the static, fatigue, linear and nonlinear vibration behaviour of composite materials. An analytical model is first presented using laminated beams theory of bending behavior. A study was conducted in static and cyclic fatigue loading with various debonding lengths. Flexural modulus in static tests was determined using the composite plate theory. The effects of delamination lengths on the stiffness, hysteresis loops and damping were studied for various numbers of cycles during fatigue tests. Then, modeling of the damping of a composite with delaminaton was established considering finite element analysis which evaluated the different energies dissipated in the material directions. The effects of delamination variable lengths on natural frequencies and damping were studied numerically and compared with experimental results. Finally, the nonlinear vibration method was used to characterize the behaviour of composite beams with delamination. The nonlinear parameters corresponding to the elastic modulus and damping were determined for each frequency mode and each debonding length. The results showed that nonlinear parameters were much more sensitive to damage than linear parameters