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Arsenev, Andrey, Sergey Novikov, Aleksey Barchuk, Sergey Kanaev, Anton Barchuk, S. Tarkov, Andrey Nefedov, et al. "LUNG CANCER DIAGNOSIS: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE METHODS." Problems in oncology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-1-42-49.
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This article reviews the literature and summarizes single institution experience of applying different diagnostic algorithms for lung cancer. All diagnostic methods can be divided into three groups: non-invasive; minimally invasive and invasive. The non-invasive methods include clinical examination; imaging methods for anatomical, functional and multimodal visualization; sputum cytological, analysis of the exhaled breath, detection of various blood and sputum markers. Minimally invasive methods include endoscopy, percutaneous fine-needle and core-needle biopsy. Invasive methods include diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy and diagnostic thoracotomy. While creating an individual diagnostic plan for each patient it is necessary to carefully analyze the effectiveness, safety, sensitivity, specificity and of different methods available among wide range of modern diagnostic techniques. Optimization of lung cancer diagnosis methods, which includes early cancer detection, is one of priority areas of modern oncology. Many aspects of this problem remain unresolved and require further research
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Akash Tanti, Harsha, Kumar Saurav, Prateek Pushp, Nishikant Surwade, and Bahubali Shiragapur. "Analysis of Parameters for CVD Risk Using Non-Invasive Methods." HELIX 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 5057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29042/2019-5057-5062.
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Ionita-Manzatu, M., I. Scarlat, M. Vasilescu, M. Puica, G. Blagoi, and Mihaela Ilie. "Non Invasive Analysis of Natural Resin Extracts." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (January 1998): A211—A214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.196.
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The NIR reflection spectra of some purified conifer resin extracts used as a biologically active ingredient in pharmaceutical ointments were employed to reveal the possibility of applying NIR spectroscopy to quality control. The samples were analysed beforehand (by HPLC and compendial methods) in order to characterise them. The fingerprint of this raw material was achieved by using the standard methods recommended by the NSAS operating protocol (for the spectrometer delivered by NIRSystems Inc.). The poor quality samples were also tested by means of same protocol, the limits of method being pointed out.
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Armstrong, Neil, and Samantha G. Fawkner. "Non-invasive methods in paediatric exercise physiology." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-184.
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Oded Bar-Or’s hypothesis that children may be “metabolic non-specialists”, even when engaging in specialized sports, has stimulated the study of paediatric exercise metabolism since the publication of his classic text Pediatric sports medicine for the practitioner in 1983. Evidence drawn from several methodologies indicates an interplay of anaerobic and aerobic exercise metabolism in which children have a relatively higher metabolic contribution from oxidative energy pathways than adolescents or adults, whereas there is a progressive increase in glycolytic support of exercise with age, at least into adolescence and possibly into young adulthood. The picture is generally consistent but incomplete, as research with young people has been limited by both ethical and methodological constraints. The recent rigorous introduction of non-invasive techniques such as breath-by-breath respiratory gas analysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy into paediatric exercise physiology promises to open up new avenues of research and generate unique insights into the metabolism of the exercising muscle during growth and maturation. It therefore appears that we might have available the tools necessary to answer some of the elegant questions raised by Professor Bar-Or over 25 years ago.
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Ерзинкян, Ф. В., С. А. Красный, И. С. Абельская, and И. В. Ребеко. "Non-Invasive Screening Methods оf Colorectal Cancer." Евразийский онкологический журнал, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2021.9.2.014.
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Скрининг колоректального рака (КРР) вносит существенный вклад в тенденцию снижения заболеваемости и смертности от данной патологии. Ценность скрининга отражается в его способности предотвращать заболеваемость рака толстой кишки путем удаления полипов (предрака) и выявлять ранние стадии КРР. В статье проанализированы разные неинвазивные методы скрининга, а также продемонстрированы результаты собственного проекта. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о низкой диагностической чувствительности (ДЧ) теста FIT в диагностике всех полипов - 11,7%, диагностическая специфичность (ДС) теста составила 94,4%. ДЧ теста FIT в диагностике аденоматозных полипов более 0,6 см составила 15,1%, ДС - 85,2%. Анализируя результативность метода FIT в диагностике КРР, следует отметить, что диагностическая специфичность теста составила 93,6% при крайне низкой диагностической чувствительности теста - 33,3% в отношении всех выявленных при скрининге случаев КРР. Положительной была только одна проба FIT из шести. Screening of colorectal cancer makes a significant contribution to the downward trend in morbidity and mortality from this pathology. The value of screening is reflected in its ability to prevent the incidence of colon cancer by removing polyps and detecting early stages of colorectal cancer. In the article, there are analyzed various non-invasive screening methods and the results of our own project are demonstrated. The analysis of the obtained results indicates a low diagnostic sensitivity of the FIT test in the diagnostics of all polyps - 11.7%, the diagnostic specificity (DS) of the test was 94.4%. The diagnostic sensitivity of the FIT test in the diagnostics of adenomatous polyps of more than 0.6 cm was 15.1%, and the DS was 85.2%. Analyzing the effectiveness of the FIT method in the diagnostics of colorectal cancer, it should be noted that the diagnostic specificity of the test was 93.6% with extremely low diagnostic sensitivity of the test - 33.3% for all cases of colorectal cancer detected during screening. Only one FIT test out of six was positive.
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Dal Fovo, Alice, Anna Mazzinghi, Sergio Omarini, Enrico Pampaloni, Chiara Ruberto, Jana Striova, and Raffaella Fontana. "Non-invasive mapping methods for pigments analysis of Roman mural paintings." Journal of Cultural Heritage 43 (May 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.12.002.
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Jaros, Rene, Katerina Barnova, Radana Vilimkova Kahankova, Jan Pelisek, Martina Litschmannova, and Radek Martinek. "Independent component analysis algorithms for non-invasive fetal electrocardiography." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): e0286858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286858.
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The independent component analysis (ICA) based methods are among the most prevalent techniques used for non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (NI-fECG) processing. Often, these methods are combined with other methods, such adaptive algorithms. However, there are many variants of the ICA methods and it is not clear which one is the most suitable for this task. The goal of this study is to test and objectively evaluate 11 variants of ICA methods combined with an adaptive fast transversal filter (FTF) for the purpose of extracting the NI-fECG. The methods were tested on two datasets, Labour dataset and Pregnancy dataset, which contained real records obtained during clinical practice. The efficiency of the methods was evaluated from the perspective of determining the accuracy of detection of QRS complexes through the parameters of accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), positive predictive value (PPV), and harmonic mean between SE and PPV (F1). The best results were achieved with a combination of FastICA and FTF, which yielded mean values of ACC = 83.72%, SE = 92.13%, PPV = 90.16%, and F1 = 91.14%. Time of calculation was also taken into consideration in the methods. Although FastICA was ranked to be the sixth fastest with its mean computation time of 0.452 s, it had the best ratio of performance and speed. The combination of FastICA and adaptive FTF filter turned out to be very promising. In addition, such device would require signals acquired from the abdominal area only; no need to acquire reference signal from the mother’s chest.
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Shetty, Nayana. "Comparative Analysis of Temperature Measurement Methods based on Degree of Agreement." September 2021 3, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.3.005.
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Many sports have a high risk of climatic ailments, such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, and heatstroke. The measurement of a sportsperson's body core temperature (Tc) may have an impact on their performances and it assists them to avoid injuries as well. To avoid complications like electrolyte imbalances or infections, it's essential to precisely measure the core body temperature during targeted temperature control when spontaneous circulation has returned. Previous approaches on the other hand, are intrusive and difficult to use. The usual technique, an oesophageal thermometer, was compared to a disposable non-invasive temperature sensor that used the heat flux methodology. This research indicates that, non-invasive disposable sensors used to measure core body temperature are very reliable when used for targeted temperature control after overcoming a cardiac arrest successfully. The non-invasive method of temperature measurement has somewhat greater accuracy than the invasive approach. The results of this study must be confirmed by more clinical research with various sensor types to figure out if the bounds of agreement could be increased. This will ensure that the findings are accurate based on core temperature.
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Cutuli, Salvatore L., Eduardo A. Osawa, Christopher T. Eyeington, Helena Proimos, Emmanuel Canet, Helen Young, Leah Peck, et al. "Accuracy of non-invasive body temperature measurement methods in critically ill patients: a prospective, bicentric, observational study." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.oa12.
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Objective: The accuracy of different non-invasive body temperature measurement methods in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is uncertain. We aimed to study the accuracy of three commonly used methods. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: ICUs of two tertiary Australian hospitals. Participants: Critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Interventions: Invasive (intravascular and intra-urinary bladder catheter) and non-invasive (axillary chemical dot, tympanic infrared, and temporal scanner) body temperature measurements were taken at study inclusion and every 4 hours for the following 72 hours. Main outcome measures: Accuracy of non-invasive body temperature measurement methods was assessed by the Bland–Altman approach, accounting for repeated measurements and significant explanatory variables that were identified by regression analysis. Clinical adequacy was set at limits of agreement (LoA) of 1C compared with core temperature. Results: We studied 50 consecutive critically ill patients who were mainly admitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery. From over 375 observations, invasive core temperature (mostly pulmonary artery catheter) ranged from 33.9C to 39C. On average, the LoA between invasive and non-invasive measurements methods were about 3C. The temporal scanner showed the worst performance in estimating core temperature (bias, 0.66C; LoA, 1.23C, +2.55C), followed by tympanic infrared (bias, 0.44C; LoA, 1.73C, +2.61C) and axillary chemical dot methods (bias, 0.32°C; LoA, 1.64C, +2.28C). No methods achieved clinical adequacy even accounting for significant explanatory variables. Conclusions: The axillary chemical dot, tympanic infrared and temporal scanner methods are inaccurate measures of core temperature in ICU patients. These non-invasive methods appeared unreliable for use in ICU patients.
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Hotta, Viviane Tiemi, Maria Clementina Pinto Giorgi, Fábio Fernandes, Maria Cristina Donadio Abduch, Andréa Maria Gomes Marinho Falcão, and Charles Mady. "Cardiac amyloidosis: non-invasive diagnosis." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 3 (March 2020): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.3.345.
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SUMMARY Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for appropriate diagnosis. Early diagnosis and the definition of the type of amyloidosis play a key role in the early treatment and prognosis of this disease. In this context, the use of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and NT-proBNT associated with analysis by multimodality imaging methods like echocardiographic techniques such as strain, nuclear medicine, and cardiovascular resonance imaging have an increasing role in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. This article details the role of non-invasive diagnostic methods in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
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Vidaković, Marin, and Davor Vinko. "Hardware-Based Methods for Electronic Device Protection against Invasive and Non-Invasive Attacks." Electronics 12, no. 21 (November 2, 2023): 4507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214507.
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This paper reviews hardware-based protection methods for electronic devices, encompassing scientific publications and published patents. This review covers insights from the scientific community and innovative solutions patented in the industry. By combining these two sources, this paper offers a comprehensive and holistic review of electronic device security. Electronic devices are integral to modern life, but their widespread use invites security threats, both digital and physical. This paper reviews hardware-based protection methods against invasive and non-invasive attacks, emphasizing the importance of a dual approach through hardware design. Invasive attacks involve physical tampering, and we explore anti-tampering techniques such as conductive meshes, sensors and physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Non-invasive, side-channel attacks encompass various attack vectors, focusing on electromagnetic analysis. To counter these attacks, we analyze techniques like reducing and masking electromagnetic radiation. This paper bridges the gap between invasive and non-invasive attack mitigation. It underscores the necessity of a multifaceted approach to safeguard electronic devices in an interconnected world, preserving their reliability and functionality.
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Sahu, Divya, Yair Lotan, Bryan Wittman, Bruce Neri, and Donna E. Hansel. "Metabolomics analysis of non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.362.
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362 Background: Bladder cancer accounts for greater than 70,000 new cancer cases in the United States annually and an annual global incidence of more than 400,000 patients. Despite its high incidence, therapeutic options are limited both in early and late stage cancers and there is need for alternative, rational therapies in this population. Methods: We extensively analyzed benign urothelium, high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and advanced, muscle-invasive bladder cancer using global metabolomics profiling, coupled with publicly available data on transcriptomics of key enzymes, to determine pathways that may be suitable for future therapeutics development. Results: Categorical pathways globally dysregulated in cancer relative to benign urothelium included glucose, TCA cycle, lipid, amino acid and nucleotide pathways. Bladder cancers demonstrated Warburg metabolism, with elevated glucose utilization to drive glycolysis and sorbitol pathway intermediates. Elevated late TCA cycle intermediates, coupled with higher levels of amino acids and dipeptides, suggest the possibility of anaplerotic activity in bladder cancer as a mechanism to sustain energy production. Medium and long chain fatty acids were produced at the expense of dicarboxylic fatty acids. Muscle-invasive bladder cancers showed enhanced use of COX and LOX metabolomics pathways and a possible role for inflammation in regulating NAD+ synthesis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Transcriptomic profiling validated that the majority of metabolomics pathway alterations corresponded to gene expression changes of enzymes responsible for metabolite production. Conclusions: This study identifies multiple parallel metabolomics changes unique to non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer that can be used to justify testing novel therapeutics targeting metabolomics pathways in bladder cancer.
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Premalatha, J., and P. Grace Kanmani Prince. "Analysis of Non-invasive Methods to Diagnose Blood Glucose Level-A Survey." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12, no. 6 (2019): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2019.00525.0.
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SMITH, J. O., and R. K. STERLING. "Systematic review: non-invasive methods of fibrosis analysis in chronic hepatitis C." Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 30, no. 6 (September 2009): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04062.x.
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Martin, Mihai-Alexandru, Cristian Sitar, and László Rákosy. "Non-invasive methods for morphometric analyses of lepidopteran wings." Entomologica Romanica 24 (September 30, 2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/entomolrom.24.3.
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Verhaegh, P., R. Bavalia, B. Winkens, A. Masclee, D. Jonkers, and G. Koek. "A Systematic Review on Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Hepatology 64, no. 2 (2016): S493—S494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00848-5.
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Müller, Sebastian Johannes, Elina Henkes, Matthew J. Gounis, Stephan Felber, Oliver Ganslandt, and Hans Henkes. "Non-Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2023): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062209.
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(1) Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring plays a key role in the treatment of patients in intensive care units, as well as during long-term surgeries and interventions. The gold standard is invasive measurement and monitoring via ventricular drainage or a parenchymal probe. In recent decades, numerous methods for non-invasive measurement have been evaluated but none have become established in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study was to reflect on the current state of research and shed light on relevant techniques for future clinical application. (2) Methods: We performed a PubMed search for “non-invasive AND ICP AND (measurement OR monitoring)” and identified 306 results. On the basis of these search results, we conducted an in-depth source analysis to identify additional methods. Studies were analyzed for design, patient type (e.g., infants, adults, and shunt patients), statistical evaluation (correlation, accuracy, and reliability), number of included measurements, and statistical assessment of accuracy and reliability. (3) Results: MRI-ICP and two-depth Doppler showed the most potential (and were the most complex methods). Tympanic membrane temperature, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, natural resonance frequency, and retinal vein approaches were also promising. (4) Conclusions: To date, no convincing evidence supports the use of a particular method for non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement. However, many new approaches are under development.
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Malishevskaya, N. P., and A. V. Sokolova. "Current methods of non-invasive diagnostics of skin melanoma." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 90, no. 4 (August 24, 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-4-46-53.
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Malignant skin neoplasms including melanoma are now occupying the leading positions in the list of cancer pathologies in Russia, a number of European countries and United States. The percentage of melanoma is less than 4% of the total number of skin neoplasms but melanomas account for up to 80% of lethal cases caused by malignant skin neoplasms. Due to the aggressive nature of melanomas including the proliferative reaction to any invasions including diagnostic ones, there is an urgent need in a reliable non-invasive method to differentiate melanomas from other skin neoplasms and diagnose it at an early stage. This review article discloses descriptions, potential, advantages and shortcomings of non-invasive melanoma diagnostics methods: dermatoscopy, SIAscopy and confocal microscopy. Based on the results of the review, the authors made a conclusion that the development of an algorithm of diagnostics taking into account individual clinical and medical history data, results of non-invasive visualization methods and laboratory test results (proteome analysis, tumor markers) would help to overcome the shortcomings of each individual method, diagnose melanomas at early stages and, respectively, personalize the approach to management for each patient.
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Cutuli, Salvatore L., Emily J. See, Emily J. See, Eduardo A. Osawa, Paolo Ancona, David Marshall, Glenn M. Eastwood, Neil J. Glassford, and Rinaldo Bellomo. "Accuracy of non-invasive body temperature measurement methods in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.1.sr1.
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Objective: Non-invasive thermometers are widely used in both clinical practice and trials to estimate core temperature. We aimed to investigate their accuracy and precision in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Study design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify all relevant studies from 1966 to 2017. We selected published trials that reported the accuracy and precision of non-invasive peripheral thermometers (index test) in ICU patients compared with intravascular temperature measurement (reference test). The extracted data included the study design and setting, authors, study population, devices, and body temperature measurements. Methods: Two reviewers performed the initial search, selected studies, and extracted data. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled estimates of the mean bias between index and reference tests and the standard deviation of mean bias were synthesised using DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta-analyses. Results: We included 13 cohort studies (632 patients, 105 375 measurements). Axillary, tympanic infrared and zero heat flux thermometers all underestimated intravascular temperature. Only oesophageal measurements showed clinically acceptable accuracy. We found an insufficient number of studies to assess precision for any technique. Study heterogeneity was high (99–100%). Risk of bias for the index test was unclear, mostly because of no device calibration or control for confounders. Conclusions: Compared with the gold standard of intravascular temperature measurement, non-invasive peripheral thermometers have low accuracy. This makes their clinical and trial-related use in ICU patients unreliable and potentially misleading.
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Sung, Eun-Sook, Eun-Sook Sung, and Eun-Sook Sung. "Assessments of muscle fibre distribution by non-invasive methods." IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences) 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2020.32.2.66.
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The objective of the present study was to assess muscle fibre composition by non-invasive methods for various sports events. 53 males of marathon (n=5), football (n=22), baseball (n=14), basketball (n=8) and tennis (n=4) athletes volunteered to participate in this study. The following 7 tests (overhead medicine ball throw, pull up, standing broad jump, sit up, shuttle run 10 x5, push up, vertical jump) are relatively easy to perform and to gather information about fibre composition through fitness levels. It can be used to assess the performance of strength using standard tables and to receive an indication of the degree of their share of fast (type II) and slow (type I) muscle fibres. For the study, a data analysis program in Microsoft Excel was used to view the mean and standard deviation of muscle fibre types. As a result, it was possible to speculate that the ratio of muscle fibre types differed according to the type of exercise. The results were obtained after sport motor tests of the mean value of muscle fibre composition by different sports events. Fibre type distribution remained with about 74.8% type 1 and 25.2% type 2 by marathoners, 43.8% type 1 and 53.2% type 2 by football athletes, 36.3% type 1 and 63.8% type 2 by baseball athletes, 46.6% type 1 and 53.5% type 2 by basketball athletes, and 40.0% type 1 and 60.0% type 2 by tennis athletes. Through these tests, the direction of the athletes’ muscle development can be considered, and it is possible to check the muscle fibre composition of elite athletes for the improvement of performance for each sport event. Moreover, it assumes that if this test is used for children, adolescents and young athletes, it will help to design scientific and effective training programs, thereby improving athletes’ ability to perform.
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Alotaibi, Mubarak, Barmak Honarvar Shakibaei Asli, and Muhammad Khan. "Non-Invasive Inspections: A Review on Methods and Tools." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 8474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248474.
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Non-Invasive Inspection (NII) has become a fundamental tool in modern industrial maintenance strategies. Remote and online inspection features keep operators fully aware of the health of industrial assets whilst saving money, lives, production and the environment. This paper conducted crucial research to identify suitable sensing techniques for machine health diagnosis in an NII manner, mainly to detect machine shaft misalignment and gearbox tooth damage for different types of machines, even those installed in a hostile environment, using literature on several sensing tools and techniques. The researched tools are critically reviewed based on the published literature. However, in the absence of a formal definition of NII in the existing literature, we have categorised NII tools and methods into two distinct categories. Later, we describe the use of these tools as contact-based, such as vibration, alternative current (AC), voltage and flux analysis, and non-contact-based, such as laser, imaging, acoustic, thermographic and radar, under each category in detail. The unaddressed issues and challenges are discussed at the end of the paper. The conclusions suggest that one cannot single out an NII technique or method to perform health diagnostics for every machine efficiently. There are limitations with all of the reviewed tools and methods, but good results possible if the machine operational requirements and maintenance needs are considered. It has been noted that the sensors based on radar principles are particularly effective when monitoring assets, but further comprehensive research is required to explore the full potential of these sensors in the context of the NII of machine health. Hence it was identified that the radar sensing technique has excellent features, although it has not been comprehensively employed in machine health diagnosis.
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Mohapatra, Madhusmita Mohanty, Manju Rajaram, Debasis Gochhait, Saka Vinod Kumar, and Sunitha Vellathussery Chakkalakkoombil. "Can combined non-invasive methods improve diagnosis of lung cancer?" Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 19, no. 5 (2023): 1142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_906_21.
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ABSTRACT Background: Lung cancer is the most common malignancy in both gender. Early diagnosis is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality. There is a debate about the most accurate investigating modality for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Methods: It is a retrospective cohort analysis to determine whether an approach of combined contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) thorax with bronchoscopy method has higher sensitivity and specificity than combined CECT thorax with sputum cytology method. Records of patients with lung cancer who had visited the hospital within the last 6 months were retrospectively analyzed for their diagnostic modality. SPSS version 19 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. CECT scan thorax, bronchoscopy, and sputum cytology for lung cancer patients were analyzed. The CECT thorax plus bronchoscopy method was compared with the CECT thorax plus sputum cytology method. Their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy in diagnosing lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Sixty-two patients were considered, including 62.9% males with a mean age of 55.5 years. In patients diagnosed with lung cancer, CECT thorax combined with bronchoscopy method was found to have a sensitivity of 96.67% than CECT thorax combined with sputum cytology method with a sensitivity of 90% and the difference in sensitivity between all individual approaches as well as the combined method was statistically significant with a P = 0.00001 and Chi-square value of 86.5909 owing to the low sensitivity of sputum cytology. CECT thorax combined with sputum cytology approach had a better specificity than CECT thorax combined with bronchoscopy. Conclusion: Combined CECT thorax with sputum cytology method has a better specificity in diagnosing lung cancer than combined CECT thorax with bronchoscopy method.
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Djuric, M., V. Jovanovic, Z. Velikic, and M. Jovanovic. "Comparative analysis of two self-portraits by Igor Vasiljev using non-invasive methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 364 (June 2018): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/364/1/012065.
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Largo, Daniel, César Hidalgo, and Juan Olarte. "Comparison of Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods in Site Response, Case Study: Soil Deposits of La Estrella." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012119.
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Abstract A great part of the Colombian territory is under medium to high seismic hazard due to the complex tectonic condition, which in turn affects, particularly, areas where the population density is highest. A response spectrum analysis of the ground is currently required by seismic design codes for site response analysis. For this, the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile must be established. The use of seismic invasive methods such as Down Hole or Cross Hole for the determination of the shear wave velocity (Vs), has been typically recommended. In recent years, significant progress has been made in non-invasive seismic methods such as MasW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) and ReMi (Refraction Microtremor), in order to estimate the Vs profile from surface waves analysis. Due to the accessibility and low cost, these methods represent a viable alternative to determine the profile of Vs. In this project, the seismic response of soil deposits was evaluated in the La Estrella municipality located in the south of The Aburrá Valley. One-dimensional (1D) models were simulated by characterizing the soil profile through the shear wave velocity with MasW and ReMi seismic tests. The results were compared with models based on shear wave characterization through Down Hole methods. The 1D response spectrums were determined with an equivalent linear model in DEEPSOIL and GTS NX software. The resulting spectra were compared through relative difference and correlation coefficient. Final results demonstrated that the spectra present low relative differences for long periods, moderate relative differences for moderate periods, and low to moderate relative differences for short periods. The general correlation coefficients were 0.6. This was evidence that non-invasive seismic methods allow an appropriate response spectrum analysis.
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Voicu, Carmen, and Tiberiu Nanea. "Methods of assessing stable coronary artery disease by non-invasive imaging techniques." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2019.122.2.8.
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Diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease is vital for prognosis, classification and early treatment. Current guidelines show that patients with stable angina who are suspected of CAD need to undergo a certain protocol for classification and further analysis. This review’s aim is to present the most used non-invasive techniques for identification of CAD and to underline the current development of imaging technology and the possible reduction of invasive measures due to non-invasive techniques. Currently, non-invasive techniques used to diagnose stable coronary artery disease have a very high accuracy and newer methods seem to be comparable to the gold-standard. The majority of the methods discussed have an optimal performance for patients with PTP between 15-85%, and the future of diagnosis for these patients seem to involve less invasive measures and less radiation by improving the current devices and by usage of machine-learning algorithms.
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Dedov, Ivan Ivanovich, Alena Anatolyevna Krivko, Oleg Valeryevich Remizov, Tatyana Vasilyevna Soldatova, Yuriy Germanovich Leites, Nikolay Sergeevich Kuznetsov, and Ekaterina Anatolyevna Troshina. "The modern methods for topical diagnostics of insulinomas." Problems of Endocrinology 60, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl20146014-8.
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The results of comparative analysis of the data on sensitivity and specificity of different methods for topical diagnostics of insulinomas are presented. It is concluded that MSCT and intraoperative ultrasound study are the most sensitive and specific methods for this purpose among the non-invasive and invasive techniques, respectively. An optimal algorithm for diagnostics of the tumours is proposed.
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Guzenko, M. M., M. S. Mazing, and A. Yu Zaitseva. "Application of optical analysis methods for non-invasive monitoring of blood oxygen saturation level." Биофизика 68, no. 2 (April 15, 2023): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0006302923020199.
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An intelligent optical system for medical express diagnostics has been developed and tested. A method for visualizing the oxygen status of biological tissues in the form of "digital images" describing the general functional state of the human body is demonstrated. It has been shown that the method of principal components and hierarchical clustering can be used in combination with optical methods for detecting hemoglobin forms in biological tissues to perform non-invasive monitoring and express diagnostics of the oxygen status of the human body. The results obtained show that it is possible to stratify the subjects into risk groups based on optical sensor readings. In comparison with pulse oximetry, the use of which is common for determining the oxygen saturation level of blood, the described method can be employed to estimate peripheral oxygen saturation, and thus thrombosis and ischemia of the extremities can be detected in time.
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Chaliy, M. E., E. V. Afanasyevskaya, A. S. Amirkhanyan, A. A. Strigunov, A. M. Kadysheva, E. V. Kolygina, A. S. Shurygina, et al. "Non-invasive electromagnetic detection of prostate cancer: efficiency analysis." Urology Herald 11, no. 1 (April 7, 2023): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2023-11-1-108-115.
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Introduction. Early diagnosis of cancer is one of the most important international strategies. Malignant and healthy tissues differ in the interaction with electromagnetic waves. Pilot studies show a potential perspective for non-invasive analysis of electromagnetic anisotropy in biological tissues.Objective. To assess the diagnostic importance of the electromagnetic detection of prostate cancer (PCa) within the prospective study.Materials & methods. One hundred and twenty-four patients were included to undergo a prostate biopsy, transurethral prostate resection, or radical prostatectomy. The investigators did not have information on their clinical details. Research technique: the probe was applied to the perineal region, turning it in three planes. A reduction of the 465 MHz band below a threshold was fixed and was considered suspect for PCa. The results of electromagnetic evaluation were compared with the findings of a pathomorphological study after biopsy or surgery.Results. Fourty-seven true-positive and 21 true-negative results were detected, 20 false-negative and 46 false-positive (follow-up group as potentially true-positive group). The overall sensitivity was 82%, specificity – 31%. The positive and negative predictive values were 73% and 62%, respectively. The accuracy of the method was 54%.Conclusion. Early PCa stage could be a reason for many false-positive results and low specificity, as a result. PCa detection is significantly reduced with lesions less than 3 mm, therefore patients with false-positive results were placed in the follow-up group. Patients’ examination with the TRIMprob TM («Galileo Avionica» SpA, Torino, Italy) could increase the early PCa detection at the screening. The research is currently ongoing.
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Proshkin, Yuriy A. "Computer Vision and Spectral Analysis Technologies for Non-Invasive Plant Studying." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-2-107-114.
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Computer vision and spectral analysis of digital images are technologies that allow the use of automated and robotic systems for non-invasive plant studying, production and harvesting of agricultural products, phenotyping and selection of new plant species. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the application of modern digital non-invasive methods of plant research using computer (technical) vision and prospects for their implementation. (Materials and methods) Authors have reviewed the works on the use of non-invasive methods for obtaining information about the state of plants. The article presents classification and analyze of the collected materials according to the criteria for collecting and analyzing digital data, the scope of application and prospects for implementation. Authors used the methods of a systematic approach to the research problem. (Results and discussion) The article presents the main directions of using computer vision systems and digital image analysis. The use of computer vision technologies in plant phenotyping and selection reduces the labor cost of research, allowing the formation of digital databases with a clear structure and classification by morphological features. It was found that the introduction of neural networks in the process of digital image processing increases the accuracy of plant recognition up to 99.9 percent, and infectious diseases up to 80 percent on average. (Conclusions) The article shows that in studies using hyperspectral optical cameras and sensors are used cameras with an optical range from 400 to 1000 nanometers, and in rare cases, hyperspectral camera systems with a total coverage of the optical range from 350 to 2000 nanometers. These optical systems are mainly installed on unmanned aerial vehicles to determine vegetation indices, foci of infection and the fertility of agricultural fields. It was found that computer vision systems with hyperspectral cameras could be used in conjunction with fluorescent plant markers, which makes it possible to solve complex problems of crop recognition without involving computational resources.
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Garazha, N. N., E. E. Ilina, S. N. Garazha, F. S. Khubayeva, E. N. Grishilova, E. F. Nekrasova, T. S. Khubayev, and S. S. Khachaturov. "Non-invasive methods for the treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis mild severity." Russian Journal of Dentistry 24, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2020-24-1-61-64.
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The methods of treatment of gingivitis and generalized periodontitis of mild severity are presented. Based on the analysis of modern views, it is concluded that the therapy of periodontal diseases of mild severity should be aimed at the normalization of the microflora of the gingival sulcus and oral fluid, optimization of dental occlusion, provide osteotropic, antihypoxic and anti-stress actions.
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Maksimov, D. A., A. M. Morozov, E. V. Penyaz', V. V. Rogovenko, and M. A. Belyak. "Modern visualization diagnostic methods of non-invasive breast carcinomas (review of literature)." Bulletin of the Medical Institute "REAVIZ" (REHABILITATION, DOCTOR AND HEALTH) 13, no. 6 (January 14, 2024): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/vmi-rvz.2023.6.clin.6.
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Relevance. Breast carcinomas (BC) remain one of the most actual problems of modern oncology. According to statistics, the incidence of BC is steadily increasing, making it the most common cancer pathology among women. In this situation, the aspect of diagnosing BC at early, non-invasive stages, is certainly important, which still reduces mortality, increases the possibility of organ-preserving treatment, duration and quality of life of patients.The purpose of study. The purpose of study is to investigate and perform a comparative analysis of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of non-invasive breast carcinomas.Materials and methods. Modern Russian and foreign literature about the diagnosis of non-invasive breast carcinomas was analyzed. Publications not older than 7 years published in specialized medical editions were taken into account Results. Not only main, but also new, promising imaging modalities that are not currently part of routine practice were analyzed. The main imaging patterns in non-invasive breast carcinomas (DCIS, LCIS and Paget's breast cancer), feasibility and prognostic value of certain diagnostic methods in different nosologies of this disease were also discussed.Conclusion. The statistics provided explain the importance of breast carcinomas problem, as well as the relevance of its diagnosis at non-invasive stages. According to the authors, the issue of accurate diagnosis of breast cancer in situ is subject to further discussion and study, but we would like to note that when non-invasive breast carcinoma is suspected and doubtful imaging results are obtained, one should not limit oneself only to routine methods of imaging studies, but expand further diagnostic tactics until accurate results are obtained and a final diagnosis is made.
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LORD, S. W., R. H. CLAYTON, M. C. S. HALL, J. C. GRAY, A. MURRAY, J. M. McCOMB, and R. A. KENNY. "Reproducibility of three different methods of measuring baroreflex sensitivity in normal subjects." Clinical Science 95, no. 5 (November 1, 1998): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0950575.
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1.Baroreflex sensitivity is a useful tool for investigating cardiovascular reflexes in a number of clinical settings. Several different methods of measuring baroreflex sensitivity are available. In order to determine a clinically useful non-invasive method of measuring baroreflex sensitivity we compared two methods (spectral analysis and the Valsalva manoeuvre) with regard to reproducibility, agreement with a standard invasive method (phenylephrine infusion) and failure rate. 2.Twenty-six healthy subjects aged 22 to 63 years attended on three separate occasions for measurement of baroreflex sensitivity using the different methods. The effect of a recent head-up tilt on baroreflex sensitivity was measured. 3.Reproducibility was best for the low-frequency component of the spectral method [coefficient of variation 25.0% (range 3.5–42.4%)] and worst for the Valsalva method [coefficient of variation 29.3% (range 13.8–93.1%)]. Both non-invasive methods overestimated values compared with the phenylephrine method [bias of low-frequency component of the spectral method, 1.17 (0.38–3.6); bias of the Valsalva method, 1.13 (0.19–6.7)]. The high-frequency component of the spectral method did not agree with the phenylephrine method. 4.The spectral analysis method had the fewest failures (seven subjects with a failure on at least one occasion), and the phenylephrine method the most (16 subjects with a failure on at least one occasion). A short head-up tilt did not affect the subsequent non-invasive measurement of baroreflex sensitivity. 5.It was concluded that the low-frequency component of the spectral method was the most clinically useful non-invasive measurement of baroreflex sensitivity.
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Dayet, Laure. "Invasive and Non-Invasive Analyses of Ochre and Iron-Based Pigment Raw Materials: A Methodological Perspective." Minerals 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020210.
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Naturally occurring and deeply coloured iron-bearing materials were exploited very early on by human populations. The characterization of these materials has proven useful for addressing several archaeological issues, such as the study of technical behaviors, group mobility, and the reconstruction of cultural dynamics. However, this work poses some critical methodological questions. In this paper, we will review ochre studies by focusing on the analytical methods employed, the limits of non-invasive methods, as well as examples of some quality research addressing specific issues (raw material selection and provenience, heat treatment). We will then present a methodological approach that aims to identify the instrumental limits and the post-depositional alterations that significantly impact the results of the non-invasive analysis of cohesive ochre fragments from Diepkloof rock Shelter, South Africa. We used ochre materials recuperated in both archaeological and geological contexts, and we compared non-invasive surface analyses by XRD, scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDXS), and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) with invasive analysis of powder pellets and sections from the same samples. We conclude that non-invasive SEM-EDXS and PIXE analyses provide non-representative results when the number of measurements is too low and that post-depositional alterations cause significant changes in the mineralogical and major element composition at the surface of archaeological pieces. Such biases, now identified, must be taken into account in future studies in order to propose a rigorous framework for developing archaeological inferences.
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Zhgun, E. S., and E. N. Ilyina. "Fecal Metabolites As Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Gut Diseases." Acta Naturae 12, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.10954.
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Recent studies have shown the importance of the human intestinal microbiome in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the development of pathological processes. The intestinal microbiome manifests itself primarily as fecal metabolites. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in studying its composition, which for the most part had to do with the possibility of using the metabolomic analysis in clinical diagnosis. In contrast to the comprehensive description of blood serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, data on fecal metabolites is sparse. Despite the instrumental and methodological achievements in the metabolomic analysis in general, the analysis of fecal metabolome remains less well developed, mainly because of the inhomogeneity of its composition and the lack of standardized methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing fecal samples. This review summarizes data on methods for studying and describing various groups of fecal metabolites. It also assesses their potential as tools in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Zhgun, E. S., and E. N. Ilyina. "Fecal Metabolites As Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Gut Diseases." Acta Naturae 12, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11151.
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Recent studies have shown the importance of the human intestinal microbiome in maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract, as well as in the development of pathological processes. The intestinal microbiome manifests itself primarily as fecal metabolites. In the past decade, there has been growing interest in studying its composition, which for the most part had to do with the possibility of using the metabolomic analysis in clinical diagnosis. In contrast to the comprehensive description of blood serum, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, data on fecal metabolites is sparse. Despite the instrumental and methodological achievements in the metabolomic analysis in general, the analysis of fecal metabolome remains less well developed, mainly because of the inhomogeneity of its composition and the lack of standardized methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing fecal samples. This review summarizes data on methods for studying and describing various groups of fecal metabolites. It also assesses their potential as tools in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Filimonov, V. B., R. V. Vasin, I. S. Sobennikov, and E. Yu Shirobakina. "Comparative analysis of various surgical methods of urolithiasis treatment." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 15, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2022-15-3-88-93.
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Introduction. Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases with a trend towards stable growth in different countries. Thanks to the active development of minimally invasive surgery, lithotripsy has become possible in any part of the pelvicalyceal system, practically replacing open surgery for urolithiasis. Aim: to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of various methods of surgical treatment of urolithiasis. Materials and methods. The study included patients with urolithiasis who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Urology of the State Budgetary Institution of Regional Administration of the City Clinical Hospital No. 11 (Ryazan) in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Statistica 10 software. Results. During this period, 4415 patients whith urolithiasis were treated in the hospital. The total number of operations performed is 5655, including the necessary repeated operations associated with the formation of residual concretions after surgical treatment. The greatest number of repeated operations was required after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and amounted to 56.1% in the localization of stones in the PCS and 47.0% in the ureter. The average number of complications in the form of residual concretions after contact lithotripsy was 13.3%, which is significantly less than the results after ESWL. The average number of days spent in the hospital was significantly higher after open surgical interventions and amounted to 12 days, while after contact and remote lithotripsy methods 4 and 7 days, respectively. The level of postoperative pain on the VAS scale (Visual Analog Scale) varied in the range of points 6-9 after open surgical interventions and persisted for a longer time in comparison with small and non - invasive interventions, where the level of postoperative pain varied in the range of 1-4 points. Conclusion. The results obtained by us confirm the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive methods of lithotripsy. The main disadvantage of ESWL and lithotripsy methods using Ho-YAG laser is the frequent formation of residual concretions, however, such advantages as a shorter recovery period, less need for the use of non-opioid analgesics in the early postoperative period do not raise doubts about the need for their use and a reduction in the number of more traumatic surgical interventions.
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Luczak, Bartholomäus, Rolf Müller, Mathias Ulbricht, and Heyko Jürgen Schultz. "Experimental analysis of the flow conditions in spiral jet mills via non-invasive optical methods." Powder Technology 325 (February 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.048.
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González, Susana, and José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte. "Non invasive methods for genetic analysis applied to ecological and behavioral studies in Latino-America." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 36, suppl (July 2007): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982007001000011.
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Abqorunnisa, Farah, Erfiani Erfiani, and Anik Djuraidah. "PERFORMANCE OF LASSO AND ELASTIC-NET METHODS ON NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT CALIBRATION MODELING." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2023): 0037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0037-0042.
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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that can occur in humans caused by conditions of high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Detection of blood glucose levels can be done using invasive methods (injuring) and non- invasive methods (with infrared rays). Analytical methods are needed to model these results to obtain estimates of blood glucose levels. An alternative approach that can be used to analyze the relationship between invasive and non- invasive blood glucose levels is the calibration model. Problems that often occur in calibration modelling are multicollinearity and outliers. These problems can be overcome by adding new data, applying principal component analysis, and using LASSO and Elastic-Net regression to overcome calibration problems. The research data used was invasive and non-invasive blood glucose data in 2019, with as many as 74 respondents. The results of the study concluded that the summarization of the trapezoidal area in calibration modelling provides a good estimate. The performance of the Elastic Net method provides better prediction results than other models, with an RMSE value of
22.39. It has the most significant positive correlation value of 0.97, which means close to 1 so that the performance of the Elastic Net method can handle calibration modelling.
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Kaspar, Mathias, Iris Baumgartner, Daniel Staub, Heinz Drexel, and Christoph Thalhammer. "Non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging of atherosclerosis." Vasa 48, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000747.
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Abstract. Early detection of vascular damage in atherosclerosis and accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk factors are the basis for appropriate treatment strategies in cardiovascular medicine. The current review focuses on non-invasive ultrasound-based methods for imaging of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an accepted early manifestation of atherosclerosis. The most widely used technique to study endothelial function is non-invasive, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery under high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Although an increased intima-media thickness value is associated with future cardiovascular events in several large population studies, systematic use is not recommended in clinical practice for risk assessment of individual persons. Carotid plaque analysis with grey-scale median, 3-D ultrasound or contrast-enhanced ultrasound are promising techniques for further scientific work in prevention and therapy of generalized atherosclerosis.
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Georgieva-Tsaneva, G. "Application of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Digital ECG Data." Information Technologies and Control 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itc-2017-0005.
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AbstractThis paper presents several mathematical methods for analysis of electrocardiogram digital data. The measurement of beat to beat fluctuations known as Heart Rate Variability becomes a non-invasive diagnostic technique to study the cardiac autonomic regulation. The analysis was done by software developed by the author. The article presents the results of linear methods, nonlinear methods and wavelet analysis of Heart Rate Variability data in healthy and diseased subjects. The obtained results and the performed comparative analysis demonstrate the possibility for effective application of the considered methods in new cardiovascular information systems.
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Salvemini, Filomena, Vladimir Luzin, Maxim Avdeev, Anton Tremsin, Anna Sokolova, Alexander Gregg, Chris M. Wensrich, Sue Gatenby, Min Jung Kim, and Francesco Grazzi. "Samurai’s Swords, a Non-Invasive Investigation by Neutron Techniques." Materials Science Forum 983 (March 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.983.15.
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A synergic combination of neutron techniques was applied to characterize non-invasively the laminated structure of a set of ancient katana, part of the East Asian Collection of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences (MAAS) in Sydney. Neutron tomography, diffraction, residual stress and Bragg-edge transmission analyses were undertaken on samples of well-known origin, time period and authorship to create a reference database on the main manufacturing methods developed by Japanese swordsmiths. In the attempt to attribute mumei (no-signature) blades basing on a scientific analytical method rather than a stylistic analysis, data from the reference samples were benchmarked against the results obtained from the unknown blade to identify differences and commonalities in the production process.
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Koopman, Thomas, Maqsood Yaqub, Dennis FR Heijtel, Aart J. Nederveen, Bart NM van Berckel, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, and Ronald Boellaard. "Semi-quantitative cerebral blood flow parameters derived from non-invasive [15O]H2O PET studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 39, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x17730654.
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Quantification of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) using [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) requires the use of an arterial input function. Arterial sampling, however, is not always possible, for example in ill-conditioned or paediatric patients. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the use of non-invasive methods for the quantification of CBF. For validation of non-invasive methods, test–retest normal and hypercapnia data from 15 healthy volunteers were used. For each subject, the data consisted of up to five dynamic [15O]H2O brain PET studies of 10 min and including arterial sampling. A measure of CBF was estimated using several non-invasive methods earlier reported in literature. In addition, various parameters were derived from the time-activity curve (TAC). Performance of these methods was assessed by comparison with full kinetic analysis using correlation and agreement analysis. The analysis was repeated with normalization to the whole brain grey matter value, providing relative CBF distributions. A reliable, absolute quantitative estimate of CBF could not be obtained with the reported non-invasive methods. Relative (normalized) CBF was best estimated using the double integration method.
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Xu, Jing, Yunsheng Fang, and Jun Chen. "Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics." Biosensors 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11080245.
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Recent advances in microfluidics, microelectronics, and electrochemical sensing methods have steered the way for the development of novel and potential wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Wearable bioelectronics has received tremendous attention worldwide due to its great a potential for predictive medical modeling and allowing for personalized point-of-care-testing (POCT). They possess many appealing characteristics, for example, lightweight, flexibility, good stretchability, conformability, and low cost. These characteristics make wearable bioelectronics a promising platform for personalized devices. In this paper, we review recent progress in flexible and wearable sensors for non-invasive biomonitoring using sweat as the bio-fluid. Real-time and molecular-level monitoring of personal health states can be achieved with sweat-based or perspiration-based wearable biosensors. The suitability of sweat and its potential in healthcare monitoring, sweat extraction, and the challenges encountered in sweat-based analysis are summarized. The paper also discusses challenges that still hinder the full-fledged development of sweat-based wearables and presents the areas of future research.
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Molina-Luque, Rafael, Natalia Ulloa, Andrea Gleisner, Martin Zilic, Manuel Romero-Saldaña, and Guillermo Molina-Recio. "An Approach to Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome through Non-Invasive Methods in Obese Children." Children 7, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120304.
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Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence in children, and its presence increases in those with a high BMI. This fact confirms the need for early detection to avoid the development of other comorbidities. Non-invasive variables are presented as a cost-effective and easy to apply alternative in any clinical setting. Aim: To propose a non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of MetS in overweight and obese Chilean children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 221 children aged 6 to 11 years. We carried out multivariate logistic regressions, receiver operating characteristic curves, and discriminant analysis to determine the predictive capacity of non-invasive variables. The proposed new method for early detection of MetS is based on clinical decision trees. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 26.7%. The area under the curve for the BMI and waist circumference was 0.827 and 0.808, respectively. Two decision trees were calculated: the first included blood pressure (≥104.5/69 mmHg), BMI (≥23.5 Kg/m2) and WHtR (≥0.55); the second used BMI (≥23.5 Kg/m2) and WHtR (≥0.55), with validity index of 74.7% and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Early detection of MetS is possible through non-invasive methods in overweight and obese children. Two models (Clinical decision trees) based on anthropometric (non-invasive) variables with acceptable validity indexes have been presented. Clinical decision trees can be applied in different clinical and non-clinical settings, adapting to the tools available, being an economical and easy to measurement option. These methods reduce the use of blood tests to those patients who require confirmation.
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Попов, Василий Николаевич, Роман Борисович Стукалин, and Валерия Александровна Грибанова. "NON-INVASIVE METHODS FOR STUDYING THE POTENTIAL OF HUMAN EMBRYO FOR IMPLANTATION." СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.20.4.005.
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В статье проводится анализ представленных на сегодня инвазивных и неинвазивных методов исследования преимплантационных эмбрионов. Показана эффективность преимплантационного генетического тестирования эмбрионов до переноса в полость матки. Также рассмотрены альтернативные менее инвазивные варианты изучения жизнеспособности эмбрионов, которые могли бы являться маркерами успешной имплантации. Проблема бесплодного брака с каждым годом становится все более и более значимой. Для части супружеских пар единственной возможностью рождения ребенка становится лечение методами вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий, эффективность которых остается на сегодняшний день не более 50 %. Особенно важным является поиск новых методик, позволяющих повысить результативность процедур экстракорпорального оплодотворения. В этом направлении крайне интересным является изучение неизвазивных методов оценки имплантационного потенциала эмбрионов. В анализе представлены работы по изучению протеома, метаболома и транскриптома эмбриона. Понимание молекулярного состава культуральных сред, в которых происходило развитие эмбриона до пятых суток культивирования, позволит глубже понять физиологию раннего развития, а также установить неивазивные критерии отбора эмбриона с лучшим имплантационным потенциалом и тем самым повысить эффективность проводимых программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий The article analyzes the currently presented invasive and non-invasive methods for studying preimplantation embryos. The efficiency of preimplantation genetic testing of embryos before transfer to the uterine cavity has been shown. Also considered are alternative less invasive options for studying the viability of embryos, which could be markers of successful implantation. The problem of sterile marriage is becoming more and more significant every year. For some married couples, the only possibility of having a child is treatment with methods of assisted reproductive technologies, the effectiveness of which remains at most 50% today. It is especially important to search for new techniques to improve the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization procedures. In this direction, it is extremely interesting to study non-invasive methods for assessing the implantation potential of embryos. The analysis presents works on the study of the proteome, metabolome and transcriptome of the embryo. Understanding the molecular composition of the culture media in which the development of the embryo took place until the fifth day of cultivation will allow a deeper understanding of the physiology of early development and also establish non-invasive criteria for the selection of embryos with the best implantation potential and thereby increase the efficiency of the programs of assisted reproductive technologies
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Sunny, Saina, and S. Swapna Kumar. "IoT Based Non Invasive Glucometer Using Optical Method." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 9 (October 31, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i9.409.
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Analysis and measurement of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) became one of the critical challenges of the coming future. Since by 2030, diabetes effected are increased to 360 million all over the world by the World Health Organization (WHO) analytical study survey results. The main aim of this paper is non invasive and continuous glucose monitoring with the IoT technology involvement. Traditional finger pricking methods pros and cons are notified and tried to rectify its demerits. The designed device consist of an infrared led having a wavelength of 900 to 1100nm for the optical blood glucose measurement. NIR photodiodes used to collect light collected from body parts and regressive analysis is carried out. The signal processing, data algorithm is based on Beer-Lambert’s law. In assistance with internet of things (IoT) in WiFi range push alerts are reached to the patients and their concerns on real time. Therefore, it helps in emergency, continuous real time blood glucose monitoring. An IOT based noninvasive glucose monitoring will be a milestone for emerging and smart generation.
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Kumar, Yogesh, Ayush Dogra, Ajeet Kaushik, and Sanjeev Kumar. "Progressive evaluation in spectroscopic sensors for non-invasive blood haemoglobin analysis—a review." Physiological Measurement 43, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 02TR02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/ac41b7.
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Abstract Objective. Frequent monitoring of haemoglobin concentration is highly recommended by physicians to diagnose anaemia and polycythemia vera. Moreover, other conditions that also demand assessment of haemoglobin are blood loss, before blood donation, during pregnancy, and preoperative, perioperative and postoperative conditions. The cyanmethemoglobin/haemiglobincyanide method, portable haemoglobinometers and haematology analyzers are some of the standard methods used to diagnose the aforementioned ailments. However, discomfort, delay and risk of infection are typical limitations of traditional measuring solutions. These limitations create the necessity to develop a non-invasive haemoglobin monitoring technique for a better lifestyle. Approach. Various methods and products have already been developed and are popular due to their non-invasiveness; however, invasive solutions are still considered as the reference standard method. Therefore, this review summarizes the attributes of existing non-invasive solutions. These attributes are finalized as brief details, accuracy, optimal benefits and research challenges for exploring potential gaps, advancements and possibilities to consider as futuristic alternative methodologies. Main results. Non-invasive total haemoglobin assessment techniques are mainly based on optical spectroscopy (reflectance/transmittance) or digital photography, or spectroscopic imaging in spot-check/continuous monitoring mode. In all these techniques, we have noticed that there is a need to consider different light conditions, motion artefacts, melanocytes, other blood constituents, smoking and precise fixing of the sensor from the sensing spot for exact formulation. Significance. Moreover, based on careful and critical analysis of outcomes, none of these techniques or products are used independently or intended to replace invasive laboratory testing. Therefore, there is a requirement for a more accurate technique that can eliminate the requirement for blood samples and likely end up as a reference standard method.
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Zhou, Fang. "An Analysis of Nursing Factors Affecting Flatulence in Patients with Non-Invasive Ventilator Assisted Therapy." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v6i1.2874.
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Objective: To analyze the factors of flatulence in patients treated with non-invasive ventilator and summarize practical and effective nursing measures. Methods: From July 2020 to June 2021, 40 patients who complained of flatulence after using non-invasive ventilator were analyzed. Results: 20 cases of abdominal distension were caused by the habit of breathing with their mouth open, 10 cases of abdominal distention were caused by liking to eat soup, 10 cases of abdominal distention were caused by long-term bed-in-bed activity reduced gastrointestinal peristalsis constipation. Conclusion: We should investigate the causes causing gastrointestinal flatulence with the use of non-invasive ventilators, intervene in advance, boost patient comfort, collaborate with therapy, and improve the therapeutic result.
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Stanberry, Lisa, Aisha Ahmed, Paul Sorajja, Joao L. Cavalcante, and Mario Gossl. "Invasive versus non-invasive assessment of valvuloarterial impedance in severe aortic stenosis." Open Heart 7, no. 1 (April 2020): e001240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001240.
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BackgroundAs a measure of the global left ventricular afterload, valvuloarterial impedance (ZVA) can be estimated using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and invasive measuring methods. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of TTE in measuring ZVA with invasive haemodynamics, direct Fick and thermodilution (TD), in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 66 patients with severe AS who underwent TTE and bilateral heart catheterisation preaortic valve replacement. ZVA was calculated non-invasively from TTE and invasively using TD and Fick. The differences in measurements were estimated using a generalised estimating equation approach. The exchangeability of the measurements from different methods was evaluated under binary risk stratification rules.ResultsThe mean±SD ZVA by TTE was 4.6±1.4 vs 4.9±1.6 by TD vs 4.3±1.2 mm Hg m2/mL by Fick. From multivariate analyses, ZVA by TTE was 5.9% (95% CI −15.0 to 2.5) lower than by TD and 5.9% (95% CI −1.5 to 12.8) higher than by Fick. At the same time, ZVA by TD was 12.5% (3.0 to 22.9) higher than with Fick. Risk classifications for ZVA-based binary decision rules showed poor agreement between TTE and invasive methods (kappa ≤0.3).ConclusionsThe differences in ZVA estimates between TTE and invasive standards do not appear to exceed those between the standards. As such TTE-based estimates may be deemed acceptable as a clinical measure of global haemodynamic load. However, TTE-based and invasive measurements may not be interchangeable to identify patients at risk using binary classification rules based on ZVA.