Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-invasive methods of analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-invasive methods of analysis'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Arsenev, Andrey, Sergey Novikov, Aleksey Barchuk, Sergey Kanaev, Anton Barchuk, S. Tarkov, Andrey Nefedov, et al. "LUNG CANCER DIAGNOSIS: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE METHODS." Problems in oncology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-1-42-49.

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This article reviews the literature and summarizes single institution experience of applying different diagnostic algorithms for lung cancer. All diagnostic methods can be divided into three groups: non-invasive; minimally invasive and invasive. The non-invasive methods include clinical examination; imaging methods for anatomical, functional and multimodal visualization; sputum cytological, analysis of the exhaled breath, detection of various blood and sputum markers. Minimally invasive methods include endoscopy, percutaneous fine-needle and core-needle biopsy. Invasive methods include diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy and diagnostic thoracotomy. While creating an individual diagnostic plan for each patient it is necessary to carefully analyze the effectiveness, safety, sensitivity, specificity and of different methods available among wide range of modern diagnostic techniques. Optimization of lung cancer diagnosis methods, which includes early cancer detection, is one of priority areas of modern oncology. Many aspects of this problem remain unresolved and require further research
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Akash Tanti, Harsha, Kumar Saurav, Prateek Pushp, Nishikant Surwade, and Bahubali Shiragapur. "Analysis of Parameters for CVD Risk Using Non-Invasive Methods." HELIX 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 5057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29042/2019-5057-5062.

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Ionita-Manzatu, M., I. Scarlat, M. Vasilescu, M. Puica, G. Blagoi, and Mihaela Ilie. "Non Invasive Analysis of Natural Resin Extracts." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (January 1998): A211—A214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.196.

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The NIR reflection spectra of some purified conifer resin extracts used as a biologically active ingredient in pharmaceutical ointments were employed to reveal the possibility of applying NIR spectroscopy to quality control. The samples were analysed beforehand (by HPLC and compendial methods) in order to characterise them. The fingerprint of this raw material was achieved by using the standard methods recommended by the NSAS operating protocol (for the spectrometer delivered by NIRSystems Inc.). The poor quality samples were also tested by means of same protocol, the limits of method being pointed out.
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Armstrong, Neil, and Samantha G. Fawkner. "Non-invasive methods in paediatric exercise physiology." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 33, no. 2 (April 2008): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-184.

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Oded Bar-Or’s hypothesis that children may be “metabolic non-specialists”, even when engaging in specialized sports, has stimulated the study of paediatric exercise metabolism since the publication of his classic text Pediatric sports medicine for the practitioner in 1983. Evidence drawn from several methodologies indicates an interplay of anaerobic and aerobic exercise metabolism in which children have a relatively higher metabolic contribution from oxidative energy pathways than adolescents or adults, whereas there is a progressive increase in glycolytic support of exercise with age, at least into adolescence and possibly into young adulthood. The picture is generally consistent but incomplete, as research with young people has been limited by both ethical and methodological constraints. The recent rigorous introduction of non-invasive techniques such as breath-by-breath respiratory gas analysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy into paediatric exercise physiology promises to open up new avenues of research and generate unique insights into the metabolism of the exercising muscle during growth and maturation. It therefore appears that we might have available the tools necessary to answer some of the elegant questions raised by Professor Bar-Or over 25 years ago.
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Ерзинкян, Ф. В., С. А. Красный, И. С. Абельская, and И. В. Ребеко. "Non-Invasive Screening Methods оf Colorectal Cancer." Евразийский онкологический журнал, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2021.9.2.014.

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Скрининг колоректального рака (КРР) вносит существенный вклад в тенденцию снижения заболеваемости и смертности от данной патологии. Ценность скрининга отражается в его способности предотвращать заболеваемость рака толстой кишки путем удаления полипов (предрака) и выявлять ранние стадии КРР. В статье проанализированы разные неинвазивные методы скрининга, а также продемонстрированы результаты собственного проекта. Анализ полученных результатов свидетельствует о низкой диагностической чувствительности (ДЧ) теста FIT в диагностике всех полипов - 11,7%, диагностическая специфичность (ДС) теста составила 94,4%. ДЧ теста FIT в диагностике аденоматозных полипов более 0,6 см составила 15,1%, ДС - 85,2%. Анализируя результативность метода FIT в диагностике КРР, следует отметить, что диагностическая специфичность теста составила 93,6% при крайне низкой диагностической чувствительности теста - 33,3% в отношении всех выявленных при скрининге случаев КРР. Положительной была только одна проба FIT из шести. Screening of colorectal cancer makes a significant contribution to the downward trend in morbidity and mortality from this pathology. The value of screening is reflected in its ability to prevent the incidence of colon cancer by removing polyps and detecting early stages of colorectal cancer. In the article, there are analyzed various non-invasive screening methods and the results of our own project are demonstrated. The analysis of the obtained results indicates a low diagnostic sensitivity of the FIT test in the diagnostics of all polyps - 11.7%, the diagnostic specificity (DS) of the test was 94.4%. The diagnostic sensitivity of the FIT test in the diagnostics of adenomatous polyps of more than 0.6 cm was 15.1%, and the DS was 85.2%. Analyzing the effectiveness of the FIT method in the diagnostics of colorectal cancer, it should be noted that the diagnostic specificity of the test was 93.6% with extremely low diagnostic sensitivity of the test - 33.3% for all cases of colorectal cancer detected during screening. Only one FIT test out of six was positive.
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Dal Fovo, Alice, Anna Mazzinghi, Sergio Omarini, Enrico Pampaloni, Chiara Ruberto, Jana Striova, and Raffaella Fontana. "Non-invasive mapping methods for pigments analysis of Roman mural paintings." Journal of Cultural Heritage 43 (May 2020): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.12.002.

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Jaros, Rene, Katerina Barnova, Radana Vilimkova Kahankova, Jan Pelisek, Martina Litschmannova, and Radek Martinek. "Independent component analysis algorithms for non-invasive fetal electrocardiography." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): e0286858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286858.

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The independent component analysis (ICA) based methods are among the most prevalent techniques used for non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram (NI-fECG) processing. Often, these methods are combined with other methods, such adaptive algorithms. However, there are many variants of the ICA methods and it is not clear which one is the most suitable for this task. The goal of this study is to test and objectively evaluate 11 variants of ICA methods combined with an adaptive fast transversal filter (FTF) for the purpose of extracting the NI-fECG. The methods were tested on two datasets, Labour dataset and Pregnancy dataset, which contained real records obtained during clinical practice. The efficiency of the methods was evaluated from the perspective of determining the accuracy of detection of QRS complexes through the parameters of accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), positive predictive value (PPV), and harmonic mean between SE and PPV (F1). The best results were achieved with a combination of FastICA and FTF, which yielded mean values of ACC = 83.72%, SE = 92.13%, PPV = 90.16%, and F1 = 91.14%. Time of calculation was also taken into consideration in the methods. Although FastICA was ranked to be the sixth fastest with its mean computation time of 0.452 s, it had the best ratio of performance and speed. The combination of FastICA and adaptive FTF filter turned out to be very promising. In addition, such device would require signals acquired from the abdominal area only; no need to acquire reference signal from the mother’s chest.
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Shetty, Nayana. "Comparative Analysis of Temperature Measurement Methods based on Degree of Agreement." September 2021 3, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.3.005.

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Many sports have a high risk of climatic ailments, such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, and heatstroke. The measurement of a sportsperson's body core temperature (Tc) may have an impact on their performances and it assists them to avoid injuries as well. To avoid complications like electrolyte imbalances or infections, it's essential to precisely measure the core body temperature during targeted temperature control when spontaneous circulation has returned. Previous approaches on the other hand, are intrusive and difficult to use. The usual technique, an oesophageal thermometer, was compared to a disposable non-invasive temperature sensor that used the heat flux methodology. This research indicates that, non-invasive disposable sensors used to measure core body temperature are very reliable when used for targeted temperature control after overcoming a cardiac arrest successfully. The non-invasive method of temperature measurement has somewhat greater accuracy than the invasive approach. The results of this study must be confirmed by more clinical research with various sensor types to figure out if the bounds of agreement could be increased. This will ensure that the findings are accurate based on core temperature.
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Cutuli, Salvatore L., Eduardo A. Osawa, Christopher T. Eyeington, Helena Proimos, Emmanuel Canet, Helen Young, Leah Peck, et al. "Accuracy of non-invasive body temperature measurement methods in critically ill patients: a prospective, bicentric, observational study." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.oa12.

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Objective: The accuracy of different non-invasive body temperature measurement methods in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is uncertain. We aimed to study the accuracy of three commonly used methods. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: ICUs of two tertiary Australian hospitals. Participants: Critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Interventions: Invasive (intravascular and intra-urinary bladder catheter) and non-invasive (axillary chemical dot, tympanic infrared, and temporal scanner) body temperature measurements were taken at study inclusion and every 4 hours for the following 72 hours. Main outcome measures: Accuracy of non-invasive body temperature measurement methods was assessed by the Bland–Altman approach, accounting for repeated measurements and significant explanatory variables that were identified by regression analysis. Clinical adequacy was set at limits of agreement (LoA) of 1C compared with core temperature. Results: We studied 50 consecutive critically ill patients who were mainly admitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery. From over 375 observations, invasive core temperature (mostly pulmonary artery catheter) ranged from 33.9C to 39C. On average, the LoA between invasive and non-invasive measurements methods were about 3C. The temporal scanner showed the worst performance in estimating core temperature (bias, 0.66C; LoA, 1.23C, +2.55C), followed by tympanic infrared (bias, 0.44C; LoA, 1.73C, +2.61C) and axillary chemical dot methods (bias, 0.32°C; LoA, 1.64C, +2.28C). No methods achieved clinical adequacy even accounting for significant explanatory variables. Conclusions: The axillary chemical dot, tympanic infrared and temporal scanner methods are inaccurate measures of core temperature in ICU patients. These non-invasive methods appeared unreliable for use in ICU patients.
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Hotta, Viviane Tiemi, Maria Clementina Pinto Giorgi, Fábio Fernandes, Maria Cristina Donadio Abduch, Andréa Maria Gomes Marinho Falcão, and Charles Mady. "Cardiac amyloidosis: non-invasive diagnosis." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 66, no. 3 (March 2020): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.3.345.

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SUMMARY Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for appropriate diagnosis. Early diagnosis and the definition of the type of amyloidosis play a key role in the early treatment and prognosis of this disease. In this context, the use of cardiac biomarkers such as troponins and NT-proBNT associated with analysis by multimodality imaging methods like echocardiographic techniques such as strain, nuclear medicine, and cardiovascular resonance imaging have an increasing role in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. This article details the role of non-invasive diagnostic methods in patients with cardiac amyloidosis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Barberis, Elettra. "New non-invasive approaches for proteomics and metabolomics analyses." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/115041.

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Recent technological developments in analytical chemistry spurred the analysis of historical, archaeological and paleontological objects. The Identification of proteins and small molecules from cultural heritage objects is crucial to characterize the materials used by the artists and it can provide invaluable information for designing restoration interventions. All most the developed analytical procedures require at least a micro sampling from the object. However, non-invasive techniques are always preferred for the analysis of precious and unique objects. A part of this PhD research focused on the development and application of new non-invasive methods for the analysis of cultural heritage. A new method for the non-invasive analysis of proteins and small molecules with mass spectrometry from cultural heritage objects was discussed; the results obtained using a non-invasive imaging instrument on ancient Egyptian mural paintings were also presented; the development and application of non-invasive methods that use portable infrared spectroscopy instrumentation were shown. The recent revolution in mass spectrometry technology with the introduction of high throughput instruments and techniques has led to the widespread expansion of advanced analytical methods in health science. But today, the main target of modern mass spectrometry analysis in biomedical research can be summarize as the development of effective and reliable approaches able of discriminating diseased conditions at their earliest stage, in a non or minimally-invasive manner. The aim of the second part of this PhD research was the development and application of non-invasive methods for the analysis of biological materials. A new method for the non-invasive analysis and characterization of adenoma in colon rectal cancer was presented and a combined bi and mono-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry approach for the identification of new biomarkers for prostate cancer in serum was discussed.
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Alonso-Caneiro, David. "Non-invasive assessment of tear film surface quality." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41737/1/David_Alonso-Caneiro_Thesis.pdf.

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The tear film plays an important role preserving the health of the ocular surface and maintaining the optimal refractive power of the cornea. Moreover dry eye syndrome is one of the most commonly reported eye health problems. This syndrome is caused by abnormalities in the properties of the tear film. Current clinical tools to assess the tear film properties have shown certain limitations. The traditional invasive methods for the assessment of tear film quality, which are used by most clinicians, have been criticized for the lack of reliability and/or repeatability. A range of non-invasive methods of tear assessment have been investigated, but also present limitations. Hence no “gold standard” test is currently available to assess the tear film integrity. Therefore, improving techniques for the assessment of the tear film quality is of clinical significance and the main motivation for the work described in this thesis. In this study the tear film surface quality (TFSQ) changes were investigated by means of high-speed videokeratoscopy (HSV). In this technique, a set of concentric rings formed in an illuminated cone or a bowl is projected on the anterior cornea and their reflection from the ocular surface imaged on a charge-coupled device (CCD). The reflection of the light is produced in the outer most layer of the cornea, the tear film. Hence, when the tear film is smooth the reflected image presents a well structure pattern. In contrast, when the tear film surface presents irregularities, the pattern also becomes irregular due to the light scatter and deviation of the reflected light. The videokeratoscope provides an estimate of the corneal topography associated with each Placido disk image. Topographical estimates, which have been used in the past to quantify tear film changes, may not always be suitable for the evaluation of all the dynamic phases of the tear film. However the Placido disk image itself, which contains the reflected pattern, may be more appropriate to assess the tear film dynamics. A set of novel routines have been purposely developed to quantify the changes of the reflected pattern and to extract a time series estimate of the TFSQ from the video recording. The routine extracts from each frame of the video recording a maximized area of analysis. In this area a metric of the TFSQ is calculated. Initially two metrics based on the Gabor filter and Gaussian gradient-based techniques, were used to quantify the consistency of the pattern’s local orientation as a metric of TFSQ. These metrics have helped to demonstrate the applicability of HSV to assess the tear film, and the influence of contact lens wear on TFSQ. The results suggest that the dynamic-area analysis method of HSV was able to distinguish and quantify the subtle, but systematic degradation of tear film surface quality in the inter-blink interval in contact lens wear. It was also able to clearly show a difference between bare eye and contact lens wearing conditions. Thus, the HSV method appears to be a useful technique for quantitatively investigating the effects of contact lens wear on the TFSQ. Subsequently a larger clinical study was conducted to perform a comparison between HSV and two other non-invasive techniques, lateral shearing interferometry (LSI) and dynamic wavefront sensing (DWS). Of these non-invasive techniques, the HSV appeared to be the most precise method for measuring TFSQ, by virtue of its lower coefficient of variation. While the LSI appears to be the most sensitive method for analyzing the tear build-up time (TBUT). The capability of each of the non-invasive methods to discriminate dry eye from normal subjects was also investigated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to assess the ability of each method to predict dry eye syndrome. The LSI technique gave the best results under both natural blinking conditions and in suppressed blinking conditions, which was closely followed by HSV. The DWS did not perform as well as LSI or HSV. The main limitation of the HSV technique, which was identified during the former clinical study, was the lack of the sensitivity to quantify the build-up/formation phase of the tear film cycle. For that reason an extra metric based on image transformation and block processing was proposed. In this metric, the area of analysis was transformed from Cartesian to Polar coordinates, converting the concentric circles pattern into a quasi-straight lines image in which a block statistics value was extracted. This metric has shown better sensitivity under low pattern disturbance as well as has improved the performance of the ROC curves. Additionally a theoretical study, based on ray-tracing techniques and topographical models of the tear film, was proposed to fully comprehend the HSV measurement and the instrument’s potential limitations. Of special interested was the assessment of the instrument’s sensitivity under subtle topographic changes. The theoretical simulations have helped to provide some understanding on the tear film dynamics, for instance the model extracted for the build-up phase has helped to provide some insight into the dynamics during this initial phase. Finally some aspects of the mathematical modeling of TFSQ time series have been reported in this thesis. Over the years, different functions have been used to model the time series as well as to extract the key clinical parameters (i.e., timing). Unfortunately those techniques to model the tear film time series do not simultaneously consider the underlying physiological mechanism and the parameter extraction methods. A set of guidelines are proposed to meet both criteria. Special attention was given to a commonly used fit, the polynomial function, and considerations to select the appropriate model order to ensure the true derivative of the signal is accurately represented. The work described in this thesis has shown the potential of using high-speed videokeratoscopy to assess tear film surface quality. A set of novel image and signal processing techniques have been proposed to quantify different aspects of the tear film assessment, analysis and modeling. The dynamic-area HSV has shown good performance in a broad range of conditions (i.e., contact lens, normal and dry eye subjects). As a result, this technique could be a useful clinical tool to assess tear film surface quality in the future.
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Fontseré, Alemany Clàudia 1992. "Genomic analysis of wild and captive chimpanzee populations from non-invasive samples using target capture methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670317.

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Wild chimpanzee populations are considered to be under threat of extinction due to the damaging consequences of human impact into their natural habitat and illegal trade. Conservation genomics is an emerging field that has the potential to guide conservation efforts not only in the wild (in situ) but also outside their natural range (ex situ). In this thesis, we have explored to which extent target capture methods on specific genomic regions can provide insights into chimpanzee genetic diversity in captive and wild populations. Specifically, we have characterized the ancestry and inbreeding of 136 European captive chimpanzees to aid their management in captivity and inferred the origin of 31 confiscated individuals from illegal trade by sequencing ancestry informative SNPs. Also, we have examined molecular strategies to maximize the library complexity in target capture methods from fecal samples so they can be applied in large-scale genomic studies. Finally, we have captured the chromosome 21 from 828 fecal samples collected across the entire extant chimpanzee range. As a result of our high density sampling scheme, we have found strong evidence of population stratification in chimpanzee populations and we have discovered new local genetic diversity that is linked to its geographic origin. Finally, with this newly generated dataset and fine-grained geogenetic map, we have implemented a strategy for the geolocalization of chimpanzees which has a direct conservation application
Les poblacions salvatges de ximpanzés estan en perill d'extinció a causa de les dramàtiques conseqüències associades a l’impacte humà en el seu hàbitat natural i al tràfic il·legal. La genòmica de la conservació és un camp emergent que té el potencial de guiar esforços de conservació d’espècies en perill d’extinció no només en el seu hàbitat natural (in situ) sinó també en captivitat (ex situ). En aquesta tesi, hem analitzat fins a quin punt els mètodes de captura de regions específiques del genoma són una bona eina per explorar la diversitat genètica dels ximpanzés tant en poblacions captives com salvatges. Concretament, hem caracteritzat la subespècie i els nivells de consanguinitat de 136 ximpanzés de zoos europeus amb l'objectiu de guiar-ne la seva gestió en captivitat, i hem inferit l'origen de 31 individus confiscats del tràfic il·legal a través de la seqüenciació de SNPs informatius de llinatge. També hem posat en pràctica estratègies moleculars per maximitzat la complexitat de les llibreries en la captura de regions específiques a partir de mostres fecals i així poder ser aplicades en estudis genòmics a gran escala. Finalment, hem capturat el cromosoma 21 de 828 mostres fecals recollides per tota la distribució geogràfica dels ximpanzé. Arran de l’alta densitat de mostreig, hem trobat evidències que apunten a una alta estratificació poblacional en els ximpanzés i hem desxifrat nova diversitat genètica vinculada a l’origen geogràfic dels individus. Finalment, amb el conjunt de dades generat i el mapa geogenètic obtingut, hem implementat una estratègia per la geolocalització de ximpanzés amb aplicació directe per a la conservació.
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Morioka, Hiroshi. "Analysis Methods toward Brain-Machine Interfaces in Real Environments." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199450.

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Gooch, Steven R. "A METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE, AUTOMATED BEHAVIOR CLASSIFICATION IN MICE, USING PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE SENSORS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/56.

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While all mammals sleep, the functions and implications of sleep are not well understood, and are a strong area of investigation in the research community. Mice are utilized in many sleep studies, with electroencephalography (EEG) signals widely used for data acquisition and analysis. However, since EEG electrodes must be surgically implanted in the mice, the method is high cost and time intensive. This work presents an extension of a previously researched high throughput, low cost, non-invasive method for mouse behavior detection and classification. A novel hierarchical classifier is presented that classifies behavior states including NREM and REM sleep, as well as active behavior states, using data acquired from a Signal Solutions (Lexington, KY) piezoelectric cage floor system. The NREM/REM classification system presented an 81% agreement with human EEG scorers, indicating a useful, high throughput alternative to the widely used EEG acquisition method.
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Stenström, Mats. "Computerised microtomography : non-invasive imaging and analysis of biological samples, with special reference to monitoring development of osteoporosis in small animals /." Linköping : Univ, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5030.

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Elizalde, Siller Hugo Ramon. "Non-linear modal analysis methods for engineering structures." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419886.

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Campbell, N. C. "Statistical methods for non-stationary time series analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597266.

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This dissertation is concerned with Bayesian methods for non-stationary time series analysis. Most of the algorithms developed use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods as the means of sampling from the required posteriors. A stochastic version of the Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm, the Expectation Sample (ES) algorithm is developed. The performance of this algorithm is compared with EM and other stochastic EM algorithms for parameter estimation of locally stationary time series. The ES algorithm is shown to overcome some of the well documented limitations of the EM algorithm. Non-stationary time series are commonly modelled by segmenting them into a number of independent frames that can be considered stationary. An algorithm is developed whereby these individuals segments can be considered to be dependent on each other. This algorithm is used for the task of noise reduction of a long audio signal and it is shown that the new algorithm gives improved results compared to existing techniques. The time-varying Autoregressive (TVAR) model is introduced as a non-stationary time series model. Basis functions are used to model the TVAR coefficients and an MCMC algorithm developed to perform subset selection on the set of chosen basis functions. Results show that this algorithm is capable of reducing the number of basis functions used to model each TVAR coefficient. The subset selection algorithm is extended to deal with the problem of unknown TVAR model order. Two MCMC algorithms are developed; a reversible jump algorithm and a combined subset selection algorithm. An application to noise reduction of audio signals is considered. The techniques developed previously are extended to account for the fact that the signal is now observed in noise. The algorithm is demonstrated using real audio with added white noise.
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Xu, Song. "Non-interior path-following methods for complementarity problems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5793.

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Faghidi, Hamid. "Non-parametric and Non-filtering Methods for Rolling Element Bearing Condition Monitoring." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30689.

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Rolling element bearings are one of the most significant elements and frequently-used components in mechanical systems. Bearing fault detection and diagnosis is important for preventing productivity loss and averting catastrophic failures of mechanical systems. In industrial applications, bearing life is often difficult to predict due to different application conditions, load and speed variations, as well as maintenance practices. Therefore, reliable fault detection is necessary to ensure productive and safe operations. Vibration analysis is the most widely used method for detection and diagnosis of bearing malfunctions. A measured vibration signal from a sensor is often contaminated by noise and vibration interference components. Over the years, many methods have been developed to reveal fault signatures, and remove noise and vibration interference components. Though many vibration based methods have been proposed in the literature, the high frequency resonance (HFR) technique is one of a very few methods have received certain industrial acceptance. However, the effectiveness of the HFR methods depends, to a great extent, on some parameters such as bandwidth and centre frequency of the fault excited resonance, and window length. Proper selection these parameters is often a knowledge-demanding and time-consuming process. In particular, the filter designed based on the improperly selected bandwidth and center frequency of the fault excited resonance can filter out the true fault information and mislead the detection/diagnosis decisions. In addition, even if these parameters can be selected properly at beginning of each process, they may become invalid in a time-varying environment after a certain period of time. Hence, they may have to be re-calculated and updated, which is again a time-consuming and error-prone process. This undermines the practical significance of the above methods for online monitoring of bearing conditions. To overcome the shortcomings of existing methods, the following four non-parametric and non-filtering methods are proposed: 1. An amplitude demodulation differentiation (ADD) method, 2. A calculus enhanced energy operator (CEEO) method, 3. A higher order analytic energy operator (HO_AEO) approach, and 4. A higher order energy operator fusion (HOEO_F) technique. The proposed methods have been evaluated using both simulated and experimental data.
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Books on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Gibbons, Jean Dickinson. Nonparametric methods for quantitative analysis. 2nd ed. Columbus, Ohio: American Sciences Press, 1985.

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Nonparametric methods for quantitative analysis. 3rd ed. Columbus, Ohio: American Sciences Press, 1997.

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Pinilla, E. Arenas. Fluid-structure interaction analysis based on non-linear analysis methods. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Center, NASA Glenn Research, ed. Non-deterministic, non-traditional methods (NDNTM): [final report]. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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Center, NASA Glenn Research, ed. Non-deterministic, non-traditional methods (NDNTM): [final report]. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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Center, NASA Glenn Research, ed. Non-deterministic, non-traditional methods (NDNTM): [final report]. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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Cruse, Thomas A. Non-deterministic, non-traditional methods (NDNTM): [final report]. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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J, Malley William. Clinical blood gases: Invasive and noninvasive techniques and applications. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990.

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Cloud, Gary L. Optical methods of engineering analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Nigel, Cutland, Di Nasso Mauro 1963-, and Ross David A. 1956-, eds. Nonstandard methods and applications in mathematics. Wellesley, Mass: Association for Symbolic Logic, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Banabakode, S. V., and Swati R. Dixit. "Analysis of Various Non-invasive Methods for Pulmonary Cancer Identification." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 301–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8774-7_25.

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Begimbay, K. M., A. M. Kumisbek, Zh B. Baizhanova, S. M. Bazarbayeva, and Sh M. Tusupbekova. "Non-invasive methods for in-situ analysis of historic structures." In Smart Geotechnics for Smart Societies, 1903–6. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299127-290.

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Gabrielsson, Johan, and Daniel Weiner. "Non-compartmental Analysis." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 377–89. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-050-2_16.

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Juristo, Natalia, and Ana M. Moreno. "Non-Parametric Analysis Methods." In Basics of Software Engineering Experimentation, 323–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3304-4_14.

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Copeland, Robert A. "Detection of Non-Protein Components." In Methods for Protein Analysis, 113–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1505-7_6.

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Morgan, B. J. T. "Non-parametric and robust methods." In Analysis of Quantal Response Data, 303–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-4539-6_7.

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Nollet, Leo M. L. "Non-Destructive Testing Methods of Spices." In Analysis of Food Spices, 285–304. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003279792-19.

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Matthaei, Hanno, Marco Dal Molin, and Anirban Maitra. "Identification and Analysis of Precursors to Invasive Pancreatic Cancer." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 1–12. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-287-2_1.

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Dal Negro, R., and L. Allegra. "Distributional Methods and Invasive and Noninvasive Gas Analysis in Asthma." In Methods in Asthmology, 126–55. Milano: Springer Milan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2263-8_8.

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Bellissard, Jean. "Non commutative methods in semiclassical analysis." In Transition to Chaos in Classical and Quantum Mechanics, 1–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0074074.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Vladimirovich, Klychnikov Vladimir, Lapin Dmitriy Vladimirovich, and Mark Eduardovich Hubbatulin. "Analysis of methods of non-invasive vibroacoustic diagnostics." In XLIV ACADEMIC SPACE CONFERENCE: dedicated to the memory of academician S.P. Korolev and other outstanding Russian scientists – Pioneers of space exploration. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035941.

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Ettinger, G. J., W. E. L. Grimson, M. E. Leventon, R. Kikinis, V. Gugino, W. Cote, M. Karapelou, et al. "Non-invasive functional brain mapping using registered transcranial magnetic stimulation." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmbia.1996.534055.

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Khlynov, Ruslan, Victoria Ryzhova, Sergey Yarishev, Igor Konyakhin, Todor Djamiykov, and Marin B. Marinov. "Optoelectronic Methods for Non-invasive Analysis of Hematocrit Level." In 2021 XXX International Scientific Conference Electronics (ET). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/et52713.2021.9579776.

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Lepekhina, A., M. Pospelova, G. Trufanov, T. Alekseeva, D. Iskhakov, T. Bukkieva, D. Chegina, N. Semibratov, B. Litvincev, and Y. Tsarevskaya. "Analysis of Functional Connectivity When using Complementary Methods of Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis." In Special Session on Non-invasive Diagnosis and Neuro-stimulation in Neurorehabilitation Tasks. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008953603730378.

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Lepekhina, A., M. Pospelova, G. Trufanov, T. Alekseeva, D. Iskhakov, T. Bukkieva, D. Chegina, N. Semibratov, B. Litvincev, and Y. Tsarevskaya. "Analysis of Functional Connectivity When using Complementary Methods of Treatment in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis." In Special Session on Non-invasive Diagnosis and Neuro-stimulation in Neurorehabilitation Tasks. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008953600002513.

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Lawday, G. "A non-invasive method for evaluating trees." In IEE Seminar on Time-Scale and Time-Frequency Analysis and Applications. IEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20000567.

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Dabbabi, Turkia, Lamia Bouafif, and Adnen Cherif. "A Review of Non Invasive Methods of Brain Activity Measurements via EEG Signals Analysis." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic_aset58101.2023.10150607.

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M. Markham, S. "Testing survey resolution using spectral analysis." In EAGE Workshop on Non-Seismic Methods. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402622.

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Akter, Masuma, Andrew J. Lambert, Mark R. Pickering, Jennie M. Scarvell, and Paul N. Smith. "A non-invasive method for kinematic analysis of knee joints." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2013.6781912.

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Bharmal, Nazim Ali, Susannah Leah, and Simon Morris. "Focal plane wavefront sensing using (mostly) non-redundant aperture masking." In Adaptive Optics: Analysis, Methods & Systems. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aoms.2020.of4b.7.

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Reports on the topic "Non-invasive methods of analysis"

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Bechshoeft, Thea. Measuring Baseline Cortisol Levels in Cetaceans: Developing a Novel Non-Invasive Analysis Method. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573313.

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Liu, Xiaopei, Dan Liu, and Cong’e Tan. Gut microbiome-based machine learning for diagnostic prediction of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0133.

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Review question / Objective: The invasive liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Other non-invasive diagnostic approaches, have been used as alternatives to liver biopsy, however, these methods cannot identify the pathological grade of the lesion. Recently, studies have shown that gut microbiome-based machine learning can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic approach for liver cirrhosis or fibrosis, while it lacks evidence-based support. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate its predictive diagnostic value in liver cirrhosis or fibrosis. Condition being studied: Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Liver fibrosis refers to excessive deposition of liver fibrous tissue caused by various pathogenic factors, such as hepatitis virus, alcohol, and drug-induced chemical injury. Continuous progression of liver fibrosis can lead to liver cirrhosis.
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Li, Yanhui. Efficacy of non-invasive photodynamic therapy for female lower reproductive tract diseases associated with HPV infection: a comprehensive meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0092.

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Review question / Objective: The critical point of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the curative effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in diseases of female lower reproductive tract associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Condition being studied: Traditional clinical recommendations for treating diseases of the female lower reproductive tract include topical therapy with drugs, surgery, intravaginal radiation, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, etc. Although medication is easy to administer, it has a high recurrence rate and adverse effects such as burning sensation, pain, and dyspareunia. The other traditional treatment method is usually invasive, repeated operation of vaginal perforation, scar, easy recurrence, fertility decline, and other shortcomings. At present, the treatment strategy for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion, vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesion, condyloma acuminatum, and vulvar lichen sclerosis are to protect the normal organ structure and function as much as possible, reduce recurrence, prevent disease progression and carcinogenesis, and preserve female reproductive function.
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Sandeep, Bhushan, Huang Xin, and Xiao Zongwei. A comparison of regional anesthesia techniques in patients undergoing of video-assisted thoracic surgery: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0003.

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Review question / Objective: Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical technique, the pain remains moderate to severe. We comprehensively compared the regional anesthesia methods for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Eligibility criteria: All published full-article RCTs comparing the analgesic efficacy of investigated regional anesthesia technique or comparative blocks in adult patients undergoing any VATS were eligible for inclusion. There were no language restrictions. Moreover, we also excluded case reports, non-RCT studies, incomplete clinical trials, and any trials used multiple nerve blocks. We also excluded any conference abstracts which could not offer enough information about the study design, or by data request to the author.
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Frome, EL. Statistical Methods and Software for the Analysis of Occupational Exposure Data with Non-detectable Values. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885994.

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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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Olsen, Daniel, and Brenna King. PR-179-18203-R01 Experimental Evaluation of Stack Testing Methods for Accurate VOC Measurement. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011654.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are defined as non-methane, non-ethane hydrocarbons and have negative environmental effects, especially in the formation of ozone that creates smog. The combination of a gas chromatograph and a flame ionization detector can be implemented to quantify VOCs in engine exhaust following EPA Method 18/25A. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer can also be used to quantify VOCs in engine exhaust gas, following EPA Method 320. In this work testing and data analysis are performed with both measurement methods on multiple analyzers utilizing different engine types, conditions, and fuel quality. The accuracy of the measurement methods and data analysis approaches are compared and evaluated.
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Pfisterer, Nathan, and Nathan Beane. Estimating present value cost of invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) on USACE project lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46475.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for stewardship of approximately 12.5 million acres across the United States. USACE’s Environmental Stewardship program mission is to protect, preserve, and restore significant ecological resources on USACE project lands. Since the early 2000s, non-native and invasive Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in the US, becoming the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect in North America. This research effort estimates the cost of managing EAB damage to USACE projects including treatment, removal, or removal and replacement of dying/dead ash trees. The results suggest potential impact to more than 122,800 USACE project acres in currently infested counties including 181,000 ash trees. While not all damaged trees require removal, many USACE recreation sites have ash trees that pose an increased risk to humans and structures thus requiring removal of EAB infected trees. The widespread and pervasive impacts of EAB will have significant costs associated with removal and replacement of ash trees that could be hazardous to recreational users at the projects. Data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database, and methods developed by Kovacs et al. (2010) were utilized to calculate yearly present value costs of EAB to USACE projects from 2006-2026. Overall EAB impacts are estimated at $121.6 million across 201 USACE projects evaluated in this study. Increased efforts to limit EAB spread and perform measures of control are warranted to reduce potential cost to USACE.
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Huang, Lei, Meng Song, Hui Shen, Huixiao Hong, Ping Gong, Deng Hong-Wen, and Zhang Chaoyang. Deep learning methods for omics data imputation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48221.

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One common problem in omics data analysis is missing values, which can arise due to various reasons, such as poor tissue quality and insufficient sample volumes. Instead of discarding missing values and related data, imputation approaches offer an alternative means of handling missing data. However, the imputation of missing omics data is a non-trivial task. Difficulties mainly come from high dimensionality, non-linear or nonmonotonic relationships within features, technical variations introduced by sampling methods, sample heterogeneity, and the non-random missingness mechanism. Several advanced imputation methods, including deep learning-based methods, have been proposed to address these challenges. Due to its capability of modeling complex patterns and relationships in large and high-dimensional datasets, many researchers have adopted deep learning models to impute missing omics data. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the currently available deep learning-based methods for omics imputation from the perspective of deep generative model architectures such as autoencoder, variational autoencoder, generative adversarial networks, and Transformer, with an emphasis on multi-omics data imputation. In addition, this review also discusses the opportunities that deep learning brings and the challenges that it might face in this field.
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McEwan, Patrick J. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Education and Health Interventions in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008981.

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High-quality impact evaluations, including randomized experiments, are increasingly popular, but cannot always inform resource allocation decisions unless the costs of interventions are considered alongside their effects. Cost-effectiveness analysis is a straightforward but under-utilized tool for determining which, of two or more interventions provides a (non-pecuniary) unit of effect at least cost. This paper reviews the framework and methods of cost-effectiveness analysis, emphasizing education and health interventions, and discusses how the methods are applied in the literature.
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