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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non insulin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Gormley, M. J. J. "Aspects of insulin treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373006.

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2

Baynes, Christospher. "Insulin action and dyslipidaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316405.

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3

Wortell, Linda Harbaugh. "Health beliefs of insulin dependent diabetics and non-insulin dependent diabetics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276650.

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The descriptive study which explored the insulin dependent diabetics' and non-insulin dependent diabetics' perceptions of susceptibility to diabetic complications, severity of diabetes, and benefits of and barriers to preventive measures. The Wortell Diabetic Perception Scale was developed by the researcher for this study, and administered to a convenience sample of 71 subjects. The Subjects' age ranged from 22 to 80 years. There were 33 females and 38 males in the sample. Forty three percent of the diabetics were classified as insulin dependent diabetics and 57% as non-insulin dependent diabetics. Findings indicated that insulin dependent diabetics perceived diabetes to be significantly more severe than did non-insulin dependent diabetics. No significant difference was found to exist between the insulin dependent diabetics and non-insulin dependent diabetics with regards to perceived susceptibility to diabetic complications, and benefits of and barriers to preventive measures.
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4

Al-Hussary, Nabeel A. J. "Insulin receptor binding in hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14510/.

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5

Whitelaw, Donald C. "Aspects of insulin secretion and action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22738.

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In a cross-sectional survey of coronary risk factors in subjects with recently diagnosed NIDDM I confirm the high prevalence of individual risk factors described by others, and show a broadly normal distribution pattern for the clustering of risk factors forming Reaven's Syndrome X, in contrast to that reported in other populations. I suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia are the best markers of high coronary risk and note the association of obesity and other risk factors. In a study to examine the effects of the new oral hypoglycaemic drug A4166 in NIDDM I confirm its major effect as an insulin secretagogue but find limited effects on intermediary metabolism when assessed during and intravenous glucose tolerance test. Any enhancement of glucose clearance appears to be secondary to the increase in insulin secretion. If hypertriglyceridaemia exacerbates insulin resistance in NIDDM, then its treatment may reverse this process. In a randomised study comparing the fibrate drug gemfibrozil with placebo I show that reduction in serum triglyceride concentrations with gemfibrozil is associated with improved insulin sensitivity to non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and ketone metabolism but not to glucose metabolism, when assessed using a low-dose incremental insulin infusion technique. In established diabetes (NIDDM) the contribution of body fat to insulin resistance is less clear than among non-diabetic subjects. In a group of NIDDM subjects I show no consistent effects of body fat on insulin resistance using the low-dose incremental insulin infusion, and no relation between body fat indices and euglycaemic clamp measures of insulin sensitivity. From the insulin infusion data I show that fasting glucose concentration has the greatest impact on insulin resistance, suggesting that hyperglycaemia or perhaps glucose toxicity has an effect overwhelming that of other factors. Using the data from the body fat studies described, I compare measures of insulin resistance derived from insulin infusions, euglycamic clamps and homeostatic modelling (HOMA-R) in NIDDM, and discuss uses and limitations of these techniques. In a concluding chapter I attempt to summarise the findings from these studies and draw together a discussion of the results obtained in the context of the existing published literature.
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6

Petrie, John Ross. "Serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function in essential hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2846/.

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A series of studies is described in which specific and conventional insulin immunoassays, the hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique and forearm venous occlusion plethysmography with local intra-arterial infusions have been used to investigate: the effect of insulin assay specificity on the relationships among serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with and without essential hypertension (Chapter 5) the effect of sustained physiological activation of the renin-angiotensin system induced by moderate dietary sodium restriction on insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Chapter 6) the relationship between endothelial function and insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects (Chapter 7) Prior to these investigations, preliminary studies (Chapters 3 and 4) were performed in order to validate aspects of the clinical physiological techniques required for the measurement of blood flow and insulin sensitivity. The reproducibility of bilateral forearm venous occlusion plethysmography Studies using this technique to measure changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) during intra-arterial infusions of vasoactive substances often report changes in blood flow ratio (expressing responses in the intervention arm as a ratio of responses in the control arm) rather than absolute values for flow. However, unilateral measurements are reported by other investigators, and the possibility was considered that the method used for expressing responses might influence the conclusions reached. A reproducibility study was performed (Chapter 3) which demonstrated that the between-day intra-subject variability of bilateral forearm venous occlusion plethysmography (FBF ratios) was less than that of unilateral FBF measurements. The bilateral technique was used thereafter where possible.
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7

Frangioudakis, Georgia St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW. "Insulin signal transduction in vivo in states of lipid-induced insulin resistance." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St Vincent's Clinical School, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27419.

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Insulin resistance is the major metabolic defect in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Increased lipid accumulation is strongly associated with insulin resistance. A significant component of insulin resistance is thought to be a reduced ability of insulin to activate the cascade of phosphorylation events that lead to the metabolic effects of this hormone. The broad aims of this thesis were to examine the effect of high-fat diets containing different fat subtypes on in vivo insulin signalling, under conditions normally used to detect whole body insulin resistance, and to compare the effects of acute and chronic lipid oversupply on insulin signalling in vivo. Time-course and dose-response effects of insulin stimulation on site-specific phosphorylation of key signalling proteins were studied in rat tissues in vivo, to establish an appropriate experimental system to examine the onset of activation of the insulin signalling pathway. It was determined that short insulin infusions with concurrent glucose infusion, similar to the beginning of a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, significantly increased the phosphorylation of major intermediates of the insulin signalling pathway in important tissues of insulin action (skeletal muscle [RQ], liver [LIV] and white adipose tissue [EPI]). These experiments provided a platform to study insulin signalling under the same conditions used to study lipid-induced insulin resistance. The provision of diets enriched in polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids (FA) resulted in the corresponding enrichment of these fat subtypes in rat plasma and tissues. However, the effects on insulin signalling were essentially the same. Both fat diets induced defects in sitespecific phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and protein kinase B (PKB) in RQ and LIV, but not EPI. This suggests that the amount of fat in the diet, rather than enrichment in a particular fat subtype, had a greater impact on the development of signalling defects and that the response to high-fat feeding was tissue-specific. A 3hr elevation of circulating FA (using a lipid/heparin infusion), to a level that is relevant in clinical Type 2 diabetes, impaired insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation with no significant effect on IRS-1 phosphorylation. This suggests that there may be differences in the way acute and chronic exposure to increased FA impair insulin signalling. The phosphorylation defects observed in both chronic and acute studies did not seem to be associated with activation of major stress signalling pathways (JNK and NFkB), which have been suggested to have a role in lipidinduced insulin resistance. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that impaired IRS-1 and PKB phosphorylation do have a role in the reduced insulin action observed with lipid oversupply in vivo, because the changes were detected under similar conditions as those used to determine whole body insulin resistance.
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8

Gelding, Susan Valerie. "Metabolic abnormalities preceding non-insulin dependent diabetes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283202.

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9

Song, Xiao Mei. "Insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscle : special consideration for insulin resistance and diabetes /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4502-0/.

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10

James, Declan Jonathan. "An analysis of insulin- and non-insulin- stimulated glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394962.

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11

Baba, Reizo, Masaaki Koketsu, Masami Nagashima, Akiko Tamakoshi, and Hiroshi Inasaka. "Role of Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Adolescents." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14178.

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12

McGurk, Colm. "Endothelial function in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387879.

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13

Pinkney, Jonathan Henley. "Origins of hypertension in non-insulin dependent diabetes." Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286682.

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14

Alcolado, Juan Carlos. "The genetics of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358901.

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15

Jaap, Alan James. "Microvascular function in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30732/.

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Epidemiological studies suggest differences in the prevalence and natural history of microvascular complications between subjects with insulin dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetes. The haemodynamic hypothesis proposes that early functional changes in the microcirculation result in the eventual development of diabetic microangiopathy. There is now a large body of experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis in patients with IDDM, with abnormalities in blood flow, capillary pressure and permeability having been demonstrated. In contrast, there have been few studies investigating microvascular function in NIDDM; however, preliminary work has identified a profound limitation in microvascular vasodilation at an early stage, while capillary pressure does not appear to be elevated. The aim of this thesis was to further investigate functional changes in the skin microcirculation in patients with NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). 1. Using a sensitive plethysmographic system, no difference was found in microvascular fluid permeability between patients with NIDDM and control subjects (5.3 (3.2-9.1) x 10-3 ml.min-1.100g tissue-1.mmHg-1 vs 5.4 (3.5-8.0) x 10-3 ml.min-1. 100g tissue-1 .mmHg-1 median and range; p = 0.98, Mann-Whitney). 2. In confirmation of previous studies, reduced microvascular hyperaemia in response to local heating of the skin was found (using laser Doppler fluximetry) in NIDDM patients with large vessel disease excluded (0.82 (0.42-1.41) V vs 1.40 (0.89-2.13) V control subjects; p < 0.005). Limited vasodilation correlated with fasting plasma insulin (Rg =-0.63, p < 0.04) but not glycaemic control. Microvascular hyperaemia increased after one year of improved glycaemic control in recently diagnosed patients (1.20 (0.51-3.93) V vs 0.97 (0.22-2.17) V at baseline; p < 0.05). In hypertensive NIDDM patients, there was no further reduction in microvascular vasodilation (1.05 (0.70-1.42) V vs 1.04 (0.79-1.63) V normotensive NIDDM, p = 0.82), although there was an increase in calculated resistance to blood flow (127.2 (87.5-181.3) mmHg.V-1 vs 84.7 (61.9-123.0) mmHg.V-1 normotensive patients, p < 0.02). 3. Reduced microvascular hyperaemia was found in subjects with IGT (1.01 (0.71-1.57) V vs 1.41 (1.32-2.13) V control subjects, p < 0.001), and also insulin resistant patients with acromegaly (0.96 (0.56-1.70) V vs 1.46 (1.24-2.13) V control subjects, p < 0,05). In subjects with IGT, limited vasodilation was found to correlate with fasting plasma insulin (Rg = -0.7; p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (Rs = 0.52; p < 0.02), but not with β-cell function, plasma glucose or serum lipid concentrations. 4. Using iontophoresis and laser Doppler fluximetry, defective endothelium-dependent vasodilation was found in subjects with IGT (518 (410-905) AU-min-l vs 1236 (875-1588) AU.min-1 control subjects, median and range; p < 0.003). In contrast there was no significant difference in myogenic (683 (301-1175) AU.min-1 vs 898 (303-998) AU.min-1 control subjects; p = 0.5) or neurogenic vasodilation ( 61 (31-109) AU vs 46 (37-146) control subjects; p = 0.8). 5. No differences in skin capillary density were found between patients with NIDDM, subjects with IGT and control subjects under basal conditions (112 (71-144) caps.mm-2 vs 107 (76-140) caps.mm-2 vs 112 (76-138) caps.mm-2 respectively; p= 0.9, Kruskal Wallis), or after venous occlusion (122 (87-157) caps.mm-2 vs 121 (90-143) caps.mm-2 IGT vs 123 (81-147) caps.mm-2; p= 0.9). In light of the above results, a unifying hypothesis has been proposed to explain the differences in epidemiology and pathophysiology of microvascular disease between IDDM and NIDDM.
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16

Beatty, Olivia Louise. "Aspects of insulin resistance, insulin secretion and microalbuminuria in diabetic, hypertensive and non-diabetic subjects." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484068.

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17

Bossetti, Brenda. "Levels of insulin-like growth factor I in non-insulin dependent diabetic and non-diabetic female subjects following an energy restricted diet /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148777503417742.

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18

Davoren, Peter M. "The role of non-esterified fatty acids in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323655.

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19

Dornhorst, Anne. "Gestational diabetes : a model of non-insulin dependent diabetes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334887.

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20

Tan, Kathryn Choon Beng. "Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323795.

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21

Kalidas, Kamini. "A molecular genetic study of non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266168.

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22

Tang, Shiue-Cheng. "Genetic engineering of non-beta-cells for regulated insulin secretion." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072004-180222/unrestricted/tang%5Fshiue-cheng%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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23

Mackie, Alasdair David Ramsay. "The progression of nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21383.

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The natural history and factors affecting the progression of nephropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are poorly understood. The hypothesis that glomerular filtration declines at a similar rate in NIDDM and IDDM was examined in a cohort of 87 subjects (55 NIDDM and 32 IDDM). The rate of decline of calculated GFR (Cockcroft-Gault) was significantly slower in IDDM compared to NIDDM (0.29 vs 0.43 ml.min.-1 month-1;p<0.05), in subjects with a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of ≤ 80 ml.min-1 followed for a median of 6.4 years. The rate of decline of GFR was more rapid in Caucasian than in Afro-Caribbean NIDDM subjects. For all individuals, 24-hour protein excretion proved the most significant variable associated with the decline of GFR. Together with diastolic blood pressure these factors accounted for 34% of the variation of the data. For the NIDDM group, blood pressure treatment at the outset replaced diastolic blood pressure as a significant associate of decline of GFR. The effect of percutaneous renal artery angioplasty was examined in nine subjects with NIDDM, nephropathy and renal artery stenosis to determine if this procedure influences the progression of nephropathy. No benefit was demonstrated. Twenty-six NIDDM individuals from the above cohort were prospectively studied over a two-year period. The rate of decline of GFR was 0.48 ml.min-1month-1. Blood pressure, serum cholesterol and 24-hour protein were all associated with GFR decline, with 38% of the variation in the data accounted for by the first two factors. EDTA clearance was compared to calculated GFR and creatinine clearance for 72 patient episodes to determine the clinical value of these surrogate markers of GFR in NIDDM subjects. Calculated GFR underestimated true GFR by 4%, on average, with significant differences for the Afro-Caribbean, but not Caucasian or Asian, group, Endogenous creatinine clearance may have a role in monitoring disease progression in obese subjects.
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24

Wilson, M. "Patient education and compliance in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844504/.

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This prospective study investigated many compliance-related aspects involving a population of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetics, who attended the out-patients' clinic of a District General hospital. The investigations were undertaken from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives; activities within the clinic were observed and knowledge levels concerning diabetes mellitus were measured. A teaching programme was constructed, drawing on general educational principles; each stage was subjected to analysis and evaluation. Information, teaching and counselling skills were incorporated and a quality assurance model described. Two groups of subjects - one diagnosed less than one year (n=20), the other diagnosed more than one year (n=18) - were entered into a teaching programme; weight change was chosen as the study variable. Three interventions were planned for each subject. No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups and an historical control group, but clinically significant trends towards the target weight were recorded. Following the intervention study, a clinic-specific video was made, which was positively evaluated by subjects after it was viewed in their own homes. An innovative method of analysis was applied to health belief attributes, including vulnerability and social support-dynamic concept analysis (Kontiainen, 1973) - and models were constructed to determine whether there were common patterns of interview response from which prediction of compliance with clinical advice could be deduced. From the analysis it was concluded that computerised models could be constructed, which would be used in the clinic setting to predict, and subsequently monitor and guide, the behaviour required of individuals with NIDDM. The home viewing of clinic-specific videos would provide an adjunct to effective management through the dissemination of information outside the immediate physician-patient interaction. The main aim of Type II diabetes management is control of body weight. A means of depicting movement out of the obesity grading (Garrow and Webster, 1985) was devised, which could be utilised in a collaborative way by the health care professional and the diabetic person. From this longitudinal study it was concluded that the unique educational needs of individuals must be met by a range of inter-linked skills, methods and materials, if a solution to the non-compliance problem is to be found.
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25

Bagstaff, Stephanie M. "Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in cultured human muscle cells." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270177.

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26

Tovi, Jonas. "Insulin treatment of elderly type 2 diabetic patients /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3237-9/.

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27

Simmons, Max W. "Factors affecting exercise adherence in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus sufferers /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms592.pdf.

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28

Henderson, Amy Elizabeth. "Can the Consumption of Fruits Containing Anthocyanins Reduce the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes?" Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HendersonAE2007.pdf.

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29

Hutton, Stacy Lynn. "Perceptions of control and social cognitive theory understanding adherence to a diabetes treatment regimen /." Electronic thesis, 2002. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/193.

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30

Salgin, Çağrı Burak. "The relationship between non-esterified fatty acid levels, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity with risk of type 2 diabetes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611806.

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31

Hart, Alan William. "Engineering non-neuroendocrine cell lines to constitutively secrete fully processed insulin." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265894.

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Gene therapy, where non-islet cells are transduced to express insulin, encapsulated and implanted into the diabetic patient, is a possible alternative therapy for type I diabetes, which may alleviate some of the long-term complications of the disease. Insulin, however, is synthesised as a precursor, proinsulin, which is proteolytically modified by two endocrine-cell specific proteases, PC2 and PC3. Non-neuroendocrine cells do not express PC2 and PC3, but express a related protease, furin. Furin is unable to process proinsulin to insulin efficiently, so we employed PCR mutagenesis to alter the human preproinsulin cDNA around the normal processing sites, which when transcribed and translated yield cleavage sites recognised by furin. Wild type and mutant preproinsulin cDNAs were cloned into a mammalian expression vector under the control of the CMV promoter, and were expressed in the C2C12 and L6 myoblast cell lines and also the HepG2 liver cell line. Radioimmunoassays using an insulin specific antibody and an antibody that recognises proinsulin and insulin equally revealed that cells transfected with the wild type cDNA secreted 90% proinsulin whereas cells expressing the mutant cDNA secreted 75-90% processed insulin, suggesting more efficient processing of the mutant proinsulin by the endogenous furin. Further manipulation of the cDNAs linking them to the neomycin selection gene via an internal ribosome entry sequence (IRES), gave rise to stably transfected L6ins cell lines, expressing 2-10 ng/ml/24h total insulin-like immunoreactivity (ILI). With stable HepG2ins cells expressing in excess of 2.5 μg/5x107 cells/24h mature, biologically active human insulin. These high expressing HepG2ins cells were implanted into BB/Edinburgh rates and strepozotocin treated nude mice.
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32

Billingham, M. S. "Lipoprotein subfraction composition in Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233326.

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33

Minić, Marina. "Investigation of a syndrome of non insulin-dependent hypoglycaemia and overgrowth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708929.

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34

Dean, John Duncan. "Lipoprotein metabolism and macrovascular disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34322.

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A case control study comparing fasting lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in NIDDM patients and normal control subjects matched for age, sex and body mass, reveals abnormalities of high density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins despite hypoglycaemic therapy. HDL cholesterol concentration is reduced in these NIDDM patients, whilst apolipoprotein concentrations are similar to the controls. Therefore HDL particles may be cholesterol poor, possibly reflecting reduced reverse cholesterol transport. LDL cholesterol concentration may also be reduced in these patients whilst apolipoprotein B concentrations are similar to controls. Therefore cholesterol content of apo B containing lipoproteins may also be reduced in these patients, helped by their low fat high fibre diets and relatively good glycaemic control. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to non HDL cholesterol is reduced in the NIDDM patients suggesting continued atherosclerotic risk, but the apo AI:apo B ratio is normal. The relationship between these two risk ratios is altered in the NIDDM patients and they therefore require reassessment as risk indices in such patients. Simple assay systems reveal lipoprotein compositional abnormalities and may be useful in the management of NIDDM patients. Fasting lipoprotein abnormalities are also shown to be associated with macrovascular disease in treated NIDDM patients. An association is seen between the presence of macrovascular disease and increased serum triglyceride concentrations and a low apoB:non HDL cholesterol ratio suggesting relative cholesterol enrichment of apo B containing lipoproteins. Associations with macrovascular disease are also seen with a higher body mass, increased systolic blood pressure and smoking. In male NIDDM patients studied the presence of macrovascular disease is associated with a high HbA1 in addition to the above factors but not with BMI. In multivariate analysis in addition to the above factors a high non HDL cholesterol is associated with macrovascular disease in all patients or male patients alone, as is a low HDL cholesterol and high apo AI:HDL cholesterol ratio suggesting cholesterol poor HDL particles in male patients. Smoking habit and a high cholesterol content of apo B containing lipoproteins are independently associated with macrovascular disease in the whole group or in male patients alone. The precise lipoprotein subfraction abnormality underlying this abnormal ratio is unclear. Smoking combines with lipoprotein abnormalities to increase the risk of macrovascular disease in these patients. No other potential risk factors are associated with macrovascular disease in the patients studied. Lipoprotein concentration and composition changes postprandially. Following a normal mixed meal there is a similar rise in triglyceride rich lipoproteins and fall in LDL and HDL cholesterol content in treated NIDDM patients and normal subjects of similar age and body mass. The postprandial increase in HDL triglyceride seen in normal subjects is less apparent in NIDDM patients but their LDL and HDL are already slightly triglyceride rich in the fasted state. Thus the reductions in cholesterol in LDL and HDL in these patients enhances the triglyceride richness of their core, and thus may exacerbate the atherogenic nature of these particles. The rise in TRL is related to glycaemia. NIDDM patients with coronary artery disease have abnormal fasting lipoprotein concentration and composition but these abnormalities are accentuated in the postprandial state, when compared to similarly treated NIDDM patients with no detectable macrovascular disease. They have a greater postprandial increase in triglyceride rich lipoprotein triglyceride, and a greater reduction in HDL cholesterol despite similar fasting HDL cholesterol levels. HDL triglyceride is increased in the fasting and postprandial state in patients with coronary artery disease compared to those with no macrovascular disease. Despite differences in fasting LDL concentrations between these two groups postprandially changes in LDL are similar. Patients with coronary artery disease also have worse glycaemic control and higher insulinaemia. An association is therefore described between macrovascular disease and potentially atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities both in the fasting state and postprandially in NIDDM patients treated with diet alone or diet and sulphonylureas.
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35

Cambron, Liz Doralyn. "Factors Affecting Metabolism During Non-Feeding Stages in Insects." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31868.

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Although feeding is important for optimal development and growth in insects, there are several points during the insect life cycle that are non-feeding: metamorphosis, pupation, and overwintering. Non-feeding periods also occur in response to internal cues, such as feedback from nutrient thresholds and immune responses being activated. Additionally, as an insect goes through different developmental stages, its nutritional requirements change in response to or in preparation for non-feeding periods. Most physiological responses like feeding are regulated through an interconnection of pathways, but how these networks change in response to different energy demands, such as immune challenges or changes in metabolism, is poorly understood. One significant pathway that is involved in regulating several physiological processes is the insulin signaling pathway. In my dissertation research, I tested hypotheses explaining the regulation of physiological processes during non-feeding periods in two agriculturally relevant insects, Manduca sexta and Megachile rotundata. First, I investigated how internal cues such as dietary lipid content and immune challenges cause non-feeding periods in M. sexta. Then, I investigated how insulin signaling regulates development during a non-feeding period like overwintering changes in M. rotundata. Since the insulin signaling (IIS) pathway is critical for development and growth, I focused on testing if this pathway plays a role in regulating non-feeding periods. My research showed that increased dietary lipid content causes a cessation of feeding, which suggests there is a possible lipid threshold that when reached, causes M. sexta to switch from lipid consumption for storage to lipid excretion. When looking at another cue like immune challenges, my results showed that during a bacterial infection, a Toll-mediated suppression of IIS pathway may be regulating feeding and causing a non-feeding period exhibited as sickness-induced anorexia. Lastly, my results also showed that the IIS pathway is suppressed in overwintering M. rotundata, and that this process can change in response to temperature. Overall, my dissertation research showed that the insulin signaling pathway and nutrient content play a vital role in regulating non-feeding periods. Investigating insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and innate immunity in these species closes a gap in knowledge of invertebrate development.
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36

Tada, Tomohisa. "Comparison of Three-Year Clinical Outcomes After Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation Among Insulin-Treated Diabetic, Non-Insulin-Treated Diabetic, and Non-Diabetic Patients from j-Cypher Registry." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180351.

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37

Pereira, Sandra M. "Impaired response of protein synthesis and turnover to insulin in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus : by Sandra M. Pereira." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101161.

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Although insulin resistance of glucose and fat metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is firmly established, that of protein remains controversial for methodological reasons. A hyperinsulinemic (40MU/m2·min) euglycemic (5.5 mmol/L) isoaminoacidemic (postabsorptive concentrations) clamp was combined with [3-3H]glucose and [1-13C]leucine kinetics to concurrently assess protein and glucose metabolism in 10 hyperglycemic men with T2DM and 11 men without (all BMI=29+/-kg/m2), matched also for age, body composition, and waist circumference. In response to hyperinsulinemia, protein turnover and synthesis were stimulated in controls, but not in T2DM. Both insulin-stimulated total and non-oxidative glucose disposal were diminished in T2DM vs. controls. There was a robust positive correlation between the change in synthesis and glucose disposal. Hence, there is an additive effect of T2DM, beyond that of having excess fat, on insulin resistance of whole body protein turnover and synthesis. Furthermore, protein sensitivity to insulin parallels that of glucose, establishing this as an important concern in T2DM management.
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38

Fraser, Adam. "Effects of aerobic and resistance training on insulin sensitivity, muscle composition and dietary fat intake." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050330.095731/index.html.

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39

Winter, Aaron. "Protein metabolism and insulin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cachexia." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97084.

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Cancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and insulin resistance. Previous work has shown blunted protein anabolism in insulin resistant conditions. This study tested whether hyperaminoacidemia with hyperinsulinemia elicits blunted whole-body protein anabolism in cachectic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whole-body [13C]leucine and [3H]glucose kinetics were assessed in 8 NSCLC patients and 10 age and weight-matched controls during a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, clamp with isoaminoacidemia (Iso-AA), followed by hyperaminoacidemia (Hyper-AA). Glucose utilization increased from Iso-AA to Hyper-AA but was lower in NSCLC patients. During Iso-AA, protein breakdown decreased and synthesis was unchanged resulting in positive net balance that was lower in NSCLC patients. During Hyper-AA, synthesis increased but breakdown was unchanged resulting in increased net balance in both groups. In summary, weight-losing NSCLC patients demonstrate insulin resistance of whole-body glucose and protein metabolism. Physiologic hyperaminoacidemia normalized their anabolic response to that of controls and did not impair insulin sensitivity of glucose.
La perte de poids et la résistance à l'insuline caractérisent la cachexie due au cancer. Un anabolisme protéique amoindri a été démontré dans des conditions d'insulino-résistance. Cette étude a évalué si l'hyperaminoacidemie et l'hyperinsulinemie résultent en un défaut de l'anabolisme protéique corporel dans la cachexie due au cancer du poumon « non à petites cellules » (NSCLC). La cinétique des protéines ([13C]leucine) et du [3H]glucose corporels ont été évalués chez 8 patients avec NSCLC et 10 hommes en santé, d'âge et de poids similaires, à l'aide du clamp hyperinsulinique, euglycémique, isoaminoacidémique (Iso-AA), suivi d'une hyperaminoacidémie (Hyper-AA). L'utilisation du glucose a augmenté entre Iso-AA et Hyper-AA, mais il était plus bas chez les patients NSCLC. Pendant Iso-AA, la dégradation des protéines a diminué et la synthèse n'a pas changé, résultant en une balance positive moindre chez les NSCLC. En Hyper-AA, la synthèse a augmenté, mais la dégradation n'a pas changé, ce qui a augmenté davantage la balance positive, dans les deux groupes. En résumé, les patients NSCLC perdant du poids ont démontré une résistance du métabolisme glucidique et protéique à l'insuline. L'hyperaminoacidémie a normalisé leur réponse anabolique à celle des contrôles sans affecter la sensibilité du glucose à l'insuline.
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40

Liu, Ensheng Yuan Jian-Min. "Sensitivity, non-equilibrium thermodynamic and control analyses of insulin metabolic signaling pathways /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1862.

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41

Alhamali, Abubaker Mohamed Zidan. "Carbohydrate composition of low density lipoprotein in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341464.

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42

Wong, Winnie Manlai. "Chinese Immigrants with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Nutritional Self-Management Approach." NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_con_stuetd/54.

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Background: Chinese immigrants (CIs) with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) generally have poor control in their diet regimen. Due to the variation in body mass, physiology, and cultural differences as compare with the general American population, special attention must be conducted in treating diabetes in Cis, emphasizing culturally sensitive care and nutrition therapy that acknowledge the differences. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to assess cultural challenges in self-management for CIs living with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetic nutritional self-management guide tailored to this population. Theoretical Framework: Havelock’s theory of change is a model emphasized for understanding and intervening of the possibility that people might be resistant to behavior changes. Methods: Thirty-five foreign-born CIs were selected. The project was comprised of two phases to include pretest and posttest self-assessment questionnaires in addition to pretest and posttest A1C levels to evaluate the effectiveness of a custom meal plan. Results: Result findings were non-significant. However, female CIs were noted to have superiority for diet management as compared with male CIs. The two groups had no significant difference in age and cultural characteristics. Conclusion: The goal of the implementation of this project was to improve self-care for Chinese diabetic patients through behavior training and change in policy making. Social and cultural norms were identified that had great influence on an individual’s overall health knowledge. Increasing health care providers’ overall cultural competency was expected to promote better health outcome and ease the complexity of the acculturation process. However, the management of the diet did not have a significant change for the improvement of A1c. Future recommendations include the exploration of the immensity of change in cultural diet and acculturation.
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43

Katta, Anjaiah. "Lean and obese zucker rats exhibit different patterns of p70S6kinase regulation in the tibialis anterior muscle in response to high force muscle contraction." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=814.

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44

Branvold, Devon J. "Regulation of LKB1-STRAD-MO25 complex expression and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle by thyroid hormone /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1950.pdf.

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45

Tong, King-hung Daniel, and 唐琼雄. "Surgical treatment for type II diabetes mellitus." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193510.

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Introduction: Historically, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been regarded as a progressive and degenerative disease and only minority of patients can have disease remission with conventional treatment. It was noticed that gastrointestinal surgery could induce complete remission of T2DM in most of morbidly obese patients. Compared to the West, the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery is slow in Hong Kong. It is unknown whether the knowledge and attitudes of medical doctors and patients towards surgical treatment for T2DM have impacts on the development in this field. The novel procedure sleeve gastrectomy (SG) had been shown to be effective in inducing T2DM remission in obese human. Duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) and ileal transposition (IT) were reported to be effective for ameliorating T2DM in non-obese diabetic animal model. The anti-diabetic potency of DJB and IT is unknown in comparing to SG particularly in non-obese subjects. Currently, SG is the main procedure for morbidly obese patients with or without T2DM in the authors’ institution. Aims: The aims of the present thesis were to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical doctors and patients toward using surgery as a treatment for T2DM, to compare the anti-diabetic effect of SG, DJB and IT in non-obese T2DM animal model, and lastly, to review of outcomes of morbidly obese patients who underwent SG in authors’ institution. Methods: Survey was conducted using questionnaire for interview of both doctors and patients to investigate their knowledge and attitudes toward surgical treatment of T2DM. The anti-diabetic effects of novel surgical procedures SG, DJB and IT were compared using non-obese T2DM animal model (Goto Kakizaki rats). The outcomes were evaluation by measuring fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Other parameters including alteration in gut hormones and lipid profile were also analyzed. The outcomes of morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic SG in last 5 years in the authors’ institution were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The knowledge of bariatric and metabolic surgery was inadequate both in medical doctors and patients. The attitude and pattern of referral from medical doctors depends on the amount of knowledge. Patients’ attitudes were positive and they accept surgery as a treatment option for T2DM as long as they were provided with adequate information. This implies that tremendous educational works are required both for medical doctors and patients for the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery in Hong Kong. All 3 procedures (SG, DJB and IT) significantly improved glucose homeostasis and the effect was more potent and durable in DJB and IT than SG. The improved glucose homeostasis in IT was resulted from increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion (hindgut theory). In DJB, GIP, GLP-1 and PYY were raised and the anti-diabetic effect could be explained both by the foregut and hindgut theories. SG reduced the diet triglyceride absorption. DJB reduced cholesterol absorption whereas IT reduced cholesterol but increase triglyceride absorption. The outcomes of SG for T2DM for morbidly obese patients were promising. More than 90% patients had T2DM ameliorated and 70% had complete remission. SG can effectively control the body weight of morbidly obese patients. Conclusion: Education, both to doctors and patients, was crucial to overcome the potential obstacles for the development of this newly specialty. The anti-diabetic effects of DJB and IT were more potent than SG in non-obese diabetic animal model. The lipid absorption varied in different surgical procedures. Application of these procedures in non-obese T2DM patients warrants individual consideration and further investigation. SG in the authors’ institution was effective to induce T2DM remission in morbidly obese patients.
published_or_final_version
Surgery
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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46

Yan, Min, and 严敏. "Effects of self-management education on diabetic control among patients with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193810.

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Objective: To systematically review the effect of self-management education on diabetic control in type 2 diabetes Research design and methods: PubMed was searched for English-language articles published between 2010 and 2013. All the studies were original articles selected manually and used randomized control trials generating results of self-management education in people with type 2 diabetes referring to diabetic control. Relevant data were divided and tabulated into factors of population characteristics, interventions and outcomes. Interventions were classified into three sections as collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention, and skills teaching intervention based on the patterns of education. Outcomes were categorized into glycemic control, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and nephropathy risk factors. Results: A total of 24 studies were identified of initial 41 articles for this review. Effects of self-management education on glycemic control were demonstrated to be positive both in short-term (<10 months) and long-term (>10 months) follow-up, but more positive effects in short-term follow-up. The same effectiveness happens to CVD risk factors, including lipids, weight and blood pressure. On the other hand, with short-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education is more effective than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control and CVD risk factors. Also with long-term follow-up, teaching skills intervention of self-management education had more effectiveness than collaborative information intervention and lifestyle intervention on reducing glycemic control. However, few studies including CVD risk factors in the long-term follow-up, so it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of on CVD risk factors with long-term follow-up. Conclusions: Evidences supports the positive effectiveness of self-management education with collaborative information intervention, lifestyle intervention and skills teaching intervention among type 2 diabetes patients on diabetic control, in both short-term follow-up and long-term follow-up, but short-term follow-up is more effective than long-term follow-up. Further research is needed to develop self-management interventions to maintain long-term follow-up effects on glycemic control, CVD risk factors and other diabetes complications.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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47

Jones, Richard Huw. "Developmental programming of type 2 diabetes associated genes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608954.

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48

Caleyachetty, Rishiraj. "Cumulative social risk during childhood and type 2 diabetes in adult life : findings from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708702.

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49

Björnholm, Marie. "Molecular mechanisms of insulin action in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue : implications for diabetes and obesity /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-245-0.

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50

Coates, Philip A. "Assessment of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in established non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : the influence of diet and sulphonylurea therapy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34308.

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This thesis reports on studies validating a modification of 'minimal' model analysis of the FSIVGTT to measure insulin resistance specifically in NIDDM subjects and its use along with a mixed meal test incorporating measurement of specific insulin and proinsulin concentrations to quantify changes in beta-cell function and insulin resistance following two years of diet or sulphonylurea treatment in established NIDDM. All NIDDM subjects displayed severe beta-cell dysfunction (post-prandial insulinopenia and hyperproinsulinaemia) and insulin resistance when compared to age and sex matched normals. Therapeutic interventions failed to normalise either of these abnormalities. Dietary therapy resulted in improved glycaemic control, weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity but most especially improved beta-cell function (increased post-prandial insulin secretion, reduced proinsulin concentrations) at the one year assessment. Two years post-diagnosis post-prandial proinsulin concentrations continued to fall whilst insulin concentrations mirrored those at the time of presentation. Sulphonylurea therapy also resulted in improved glycaemic control but with significant weight gain. Insulin sensitivity tripled over the two year period and beta-cell function also improved after initial increases in both post-prandial insulin secretion and proinsulin concentrations at the one year assessment Reduced 'glucose toxicity' appeared to be a major factor affecting the changes in the measured parameters in both groups of subjects. For diet treated individuals, it is suggested that this reduction rapidly maximises beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity to a predetermined level. Maintenance of glycaemic control subsequently is dependent of factors more difficult (diet, exercise, weight) or impossible to control (time). For sulphonylurea treated subjects, reduction in 'glucose toxicity' was important in improving beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity but the drugs themselves exerted an independent effect, especially on sustained increases in insulin secretion. It is suggested that the continuous use of sulphonylureas may play a causal role in the ultimate deterioration in glycaemic control frequently seen in patients who initially appear to benefit from their effects.
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