Journal articles on the topic 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes Saudi Arabia'
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1
El Hazmi, Mohsen A. F., A. B. Warsy, and R. Sulairnani. "Diabetesmellitus as a health problem in Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 4, no. 1 (January 15, 1998): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1998.4.1.58.
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A total of 25 337 Saudis [11 713 males [46.2%] and 13 624 females [53.8%] were screened for diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance using WHO criteria for diagnosis. The prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the total Saudi male population was 0.23%, 5.63% and 0.50% respectively, and in the total Saudi female population was 0.30%, 4.53% and 0.72% respectively. Differences were observed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance between the provinces. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increased to 28.82% and 24.92% in males and females respectively over the age of 60 years, while impaired glucose tolerance increased to 1.60% and 3.56%
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Alhagawy, Ali Jaber, Saeed Yafei, Abdulrahman Hummadi, Raed Abutaleb, Mohammed Hakamy, Turki Alzughbi, Nabeel Gharawi, et al. "Barriers and Attitudes of Primary Healthcare Physicians to Insulin Initiation and Intensification in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 16794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416794.
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Saudi Arabia is a country with high prevalence of diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, and diabetes-related complications. Poor glycemic control is multifactorial and could be explained in part by physician and patient reluctance toward insulin or insulin inertia. This study aimed to address physician barriers toward insulin therapy in primary care settings. It included 288 physicians from 168 primary healthcare centers (PHC) in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Participants responded to questionnaire investigating physicians’ attitude and barriers to insulin initiation and intensification in PHCs. In physician opinion, the most common barriers among their patients were fear of injection, lack of patient education, fear of hypoglycemia, and difficult administration. Physicians were reluctant to initiate insulin for T2D patients mostly due to patient non-adherence to blood sugar measurement, non-adherence to appointment or treatment, elderly patients, or due to patient refusal. Physicians’ fear of hypoglycemia, lack of staff for patient education, and lack of updated knowledge were the primary clinician-related barriers. Exaggerated fears of insulin side effects, patient non-adherence, limited staff for patient’s education, patient refusal, and inadequate consultation time were the main barriers to insulin acceptance and prescription.
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M. Alotaibi, Nawaf. "Vitamin-D Deficiency among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Northern Borders Area of Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592733.
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Diabetes mellitus, a chronic illness, is characterized by pancreatic and insulin dysfunction. Under the influence of sunlight, vitamin D (V-D) is produced in the skin in a non-enzymatic manner. Furthermore, V-D can be obtained via fish or plant sources. Different studies conducted in Saudi Arabia have been shown high occurrence of V-D inadequacy. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both linked to V-D insufficiency. Still, this relationship's causality is unknown. A growing body of research suggests that changes in V-D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to ascertain the occurrence of V-D deficiency in the Northern borders (NB) of Saudi Arabia and to verify the connection between V-D deficiency and other features of study subjects. During the period from July 2018 to February 2019, a cross-sectional study was carried out. A random sampling method was employed to choose the required numbers of subjects who have type 1 or type II diabetes and are registered in NB region health centers and hospitals. The sample size was calculated using the one-sample proportion formula and the results of similar studies. These results revealed the situation in the NB Region of Saudi Arabia among diabetic patients and highlight the importance of addressing the issue. The correlation between V-D and hypertension was also found in the study, requiring further investigation and explanation. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; vitamin D deficiency; hypertension; Saudi Arabia
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Jar, Alabbas, Abdulrahman Ibrahim, Ali Alshehri, Norah Alrumyyan, Etemad AlSaif, Khozam Alshahrani, Bader Basakran, et al. "Awareness of Oral Health in Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 11 (2022): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21105.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) consists of a clinically heterogenous array of metabolic conditions hallmarked by hyperglycemia caused by defective insulin secretion, action, or both. DM can cause various oral complications such as salivary gland dysfunction, infections including candidiasis, delayed wound healing, increased caries susceptibility, gingival and periodontal diseases, lichen planus and burning mouth disorders. Inadequate oral public health awareness of the connection between diabetes and oro-dental health issues has been noted in many studies from across the globe. Based on the current literature, it is evident that oral health is not prioritized by the majority of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi diabetic patients with lesser education demonstrate lower awareness levels about oral health issues in general. Similarly, more older patients have been seen to possess less oral health awareness relative to their younger counterparts. Further, they have been found to be less compliant towards meeting dental appointment targets and adopting recommended oral hygiene practices as compared to other populations studied in the Western nations. Also, non-professional advice has been noted as the dominant outlet of dental health information in case of most Saudi patients with diabetes. It is vital to reinforce the need for routinely visits to dentists for education on oral health when patients visit their diabetic clinic. Organization of structured patient education programs targeting all age groups and different types of diabetes is necessary to improve oral health awareness. It is also vital that individuals are provided with the latest recommendations on methods to practice oral health related self-care techniques in order to minimize the risk of periodontal destruction and tooth loss, thereby reducing the burden of dental illnesses on the Saudi health infrastructure.
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Alaqeel, Aqeel, Abdulaziz Almushaigeh, Muna Almijmaj, Raghad Almesned, and Mohammed Alsuhaibani. "Are Physicians in Saudi Arabia Ready for Patients with an Insulin Pump? An Examination of Physician Knowledge and Attitude." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 9394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249394.
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Aims: The use of insulin pump therapy in patients with diabetes continues to expand worldwide. Although insulin pumps have been demonstrated to be successful and safe, physicians’ insufficient knowledge may carry a risk to the patients using insulin pumps. This study aimed to assess the attitude and knowledge among physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding insulin pump therapy. Methods: Three hundred and seven physicians, including 82 family physicians, 76 pediatricians, 48 internists, 27 pediatric endocrinologists, 17 adult endocrinologists, and 57 physicians from other specialties, completed a questionnaire that evaluated their knowledge and attitude toward insulin pump therapy. Results: Among the evaluated physicians, 56.7% had poor knowledge level, while 53.4% had positive attitude. Statistical tests revealed that older age, years of practice, consultancy, and endocrinology specialty were the influential factors of knowledge (p < 0.001). Non-endocrinologists demonstrated poor knowledge despite seeing patients with insulin pumps; however, those who had previously cared for such patients scored significantly higher knowledge scores. Conclusions: There was a significant lack of knowledge among physicians regarding insulin pump therapy; however, the perceived attitude of physicians toward this therapy was deemed positive. These findings support the implementation of insulin pump education programs.
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Alodhaib, Ghaida, Imtinan Alhusaynan, Ahmer Mirza, and Yasser Almogbel. "Qualitative Exploration of Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010016.
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Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with macrovascular and microvascular complications that compromise the quality of life; however, the patients’ perspectives about medication non-adherence are unclear. We aimed to understand patient behavior and explore the barriers to medication adherence in uncontrolled diabetes patients. We employed a qualitative method of face-to-face interviews conducted with adult patients in Saudi Arabia who had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (glycosylated hemoglobin >7% or fasting blood glucose >7.2 mmol/L). All interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The interviews were conducted for 68 patients. Sixty-seven patients were suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, and one patient was suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. We identified the barriers to medication adherence and classified them under six main factors: patients-, medications-, healthcare-, provider-, social-, and disease-related factors. The main barriers identified were the use of alternatives, hard-pressed for time, polypharmacy, bad relationship with the physician, cultured beliefs, self-alteration of the dose, exposed side effects, ineffective medications, refusal of insulin, multiple doctor visits, uncontrolled diet, and forgetfulness. Multiple barriers that prevented the patients from medication adherence were related to poor knowledge, counseling, psychological management, and social support. Appropriate educational programs, suitable patient-specific counseling, and close follow-ups would be required to improve the knowledge, outcomes, and quality of life in uncontrolled diabetes patients.
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Alodhaib, Ghaida, Imtinan Alhusaynan, Ahmer Mirza, and Yasser Almogbel. "Qualitative Exploration of Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Patients with Uncontrolled Diabetes in Saudi Arabia." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010016.
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Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with macrovascular and microvascular complications that compromise the quality of life; however, the patients’ perspectives about medication non-adherence are unclear. We aimed to understand patient behavior and explore the barriers to medication adherence in uncontrolled diabetes patients. We employed a qualitative method of face-to-face interviews conducted with adult patients in Saudi Arabia who had uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (glycosylated hemoglobin >7% or fasting blood glucose >7.2 mmol/L). All interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The interviews were conducted for 68 patients. Sixty-seven patients were suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, and one patient was suffering from Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. We identified the barriers to medication adherence and classified them under six main factors: patients-, medications-, healthcare-, provider-, social-, and disease-related factors. The main barriers identified were the use of alternatives, hard-pressed for time, polypharmacy, bad relationship with the physician, cultured beliefs, self-alteration of the dose, exposed side effects, ineffective medications, refusal of insulin, multiple doctor visits, uncontrolled diet, and forgetfulness. Multiple barriers that prevented the patients from medication adherence were related to poor knowledge, counseling, psychological management, and social support. Appropriate educational programs, suitable patient-specific counseling, and close follow-ups would be required to improve the knowledge, outcomes, and quality of life in uncontrolled diabetes patients.
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Hassan, Asim, Mohammad Bilal Jaja, and Mohammed Motasim Ali Haj Elamin. "A 5 Years Audit Report on Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115113148.
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Objective: To evaluate the causes of high admission rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults with diabetes mellitus presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia with specific emphasis on the clinical and biochemical phenotype and identify components of intervention and improve clinical outcomes in these patients. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Armed Forces Hospital Al-Hada, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1st August 2015 to 31st January 2020. Methodology: One hundred and fifteen patients with diabetes mellitus presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis during the last 5 years were enrolled. Approximately 50 different variables pertaining to the patients at the time of presentation were thoroughly scrutinized. Results: There were 31 (28%) males and 81 (72 %) were females with type 1 DM 92%, type 2 DM 7% and 1% unclassified DM with a mean age of 20.90±7.4 years. 18% were diagnosed to have DM for the first time and others had a mean duration of DM of 8.0±3.6 years with an average daily insulin requirement being 64.0±20.2 units. Moreover 84% of patients were on basal bolus regimen and only 5% were on mixed insulin. 73% of the DKA episodes occurred in 15-25 years of age group. The commonest precipitating factors were non-compliance with insulin (44%) and respiratory tract infections (17%). Most common presenting symptoms were vomiting and abdominal pain present in 81% and 53% of patients. The mean blood sugar on presentation was 463±157.3 mg/dl whereas the mean HbA1c was 14±2.9. The mean pH and bicarbonate levels on presentation were 7.16±0.128 and 7±4.83 meq/L respectively. 80% of the patients were admitted to the general wards however 19% required ICU care. 69% of patients had a history of readmission with DKA and 29% were transferred from another periphery hospital. The mean duration of stay in the hospital was 2±3.8 days and the mortality was 0.9%. Conclusion: A very low mortality rate is witness to excellent acute management of these very sick patients. However a very high non-compliance rate of 44%, combined with a readmission rate of 69% and a mean HbA1c of 14% are very alarming as far as long term prognosis is concerned. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Ketoacidosis, Characteristics, DKA, Tertiary level care
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Laajam, Mohamed A., Lucia K. Jim, Souha El-Bolbol, Sami A. Bashi, Layla A. Al-Khayal, Omer S. Al-Attas, and Riad A. Sulimani. "Guar Gum in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Crossover, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Saudi Arabian Patients." Annals of Saudi Medicine 10, no. 5 (September 1990): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1990.525.
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Aldeeri, Ibraheem, Khalid Al-Qahtani, Amal Alshaibi, Norah Alshabib, Ebtihal Alyusuf, Abdullah Alguwaihes, Mohammed Al-Sofiani, and Anwar Jammah. "ODP608 Quality of Life and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Experiencing Different Models of Care in Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A342—A343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.713.
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Abstract Background Little is known about the model of care affecting quality of life(QoL)and treatment satisfaction among people with type 1 diabetes(PWT1D). Objectives To compare QoL, treatment satisfaction and cardiometabolic indices among PWT1D receiving different care models in Saudi Arabia. Methods QoL was measure using Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life(ADDQoL) and treatment satisfaction was measure using Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version(DTSQs). Out of 177 respondents to internet validated Arabic versions of ADDQoL and DTSQs,105 are receiving care at specialized diabetes clinics(SDC), whereas 72 are receiving traditional care at general endocrine clinics(GEC). In SDC,where care is delivered jointly by an interdisciplinary team,PWT1D are evaluated from their first visit simultaneously and thereafter as recommended by 6 care providers: diabetes specialist,educator,podiatrist,nutritionist,optometrist, and mental health specialist, while in GEC, PWT1D will be followed every 6-12months and referred to other services as needed where referrals require a long waiting period. ADDQoL and DTSQs scores,sociodemographic characteristics, and cardiometabolic indices were compared between the two groups. The association between patients’ characteristics and their ADDQoL and DTSQs scores were examined. Results Among the respondents,109(61.6%)females,132(74.6%)never married,136(76.8%) belongs to age group(18-30)years old, with a mean duration of diabetes(11.4±7.5years). Both groups are comparable across nearly all sociodemographic characteristics except for half of the SDC attendees reported higher income categories(≥10000 Saudi Riyals)(51.4%vs. 23.6%,p<0. 001). Compared to participants in GEC, larger proportion of participants in SDC use insulin pump(29% vs. 0%, p<0. 0001),continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)(73.3%vs. 13.9%, p<0. 0001),have higher body mass index(26.3±6.4 kg/m2vs. 24.1±5.1 kg/m2,p=0. 016),and lower HbA1c(8.3±1.6%vs. 9.3±2.4%, p=0. 004). Receiving care in SDC is associated with higher DTSQs score(30.5±5.1vs. 26.2±7.9, p<0. 0001),lower level of negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score(-2.2±1.9vs. -3.5±2.4, p<0. 0001). Irrespective of clinic type, using insulin pump and CGM is associated with both higher DTSQs score(insulin pump(32±3.9)vs. MDI(28.5±7), p=0. 029), CGM(30.5±5.5)vs. glucometer(27.9±7.1), or not monitoring (22. 0±9.2), p<0. 0001), and lower negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score(insulin pump(-1.3±1.1)vs. MDI(-2.9±2.3), p=0. 002),(CGM (-2.3±2.1)vs. glucometer(-3.1±2.4),or not monitoring(-3.5±2.2), p=0. 036). Another factor associated with a higher DTSQs score is: (being never married (29.3±6.5), or married(28.7±7)vs. divorced/widow(20.6±4.7), p=0. 018), whereas other factors associated with lower level of negative impact of diabetes on ADDQoL score are: (younger age(18-30years(-2.5±2.2),or 31-40years(-3.1±2. 0)vs. >40years(-4.4±2.8), p=0. 013)),(being never married(-2.5±2.1)vs. married(-3.4±2.3),or divorced/window(-4.7±3.3), p=0. 010),(having bachelor degree or more (-2.4±1.9) vs. less than bachelor degrees (secondary school(-3.2±2.7),primary school(-3.9± 4.8),intermediate school(-5. 0±2.4), p=0. 005),and(being student(-2.2±1.9)vs. employed(-3.2±2.4), or unemployed(-3.2±2.5), p=0. 010). Conclusion QoL, treatment satisfaction and glycemic control among PWT1D can be enhanced by providing structured care and using devices(insulin pump and CGM). This necessitates a call for healthcare policymakers to utilize the existing health resources to optimize care for PWT1D. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Al Naqbi, Halima, Aurélie Mawart, Jawaher Alshamsi, Habiba Al Safar, and Guan K. Tay. "Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associations with diseases in ethnic groups of the Arabian Peninsula." Immunogenetics 73, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-021-01204-x.
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AbstractSince the discovery of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), the function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene families in a wide range of diseases have been the subject of research for decades. In particular, the associations of autoimmune disorders to allelic variants and candidate genes encoding the MHC are well documented. However, despite decades of research, the knowledge of MHC associations with human disease susceptibility have been predominantly studied in European origin, with limited understanding in different populations and ethnic groups. This is particularly evident in countries and ethnic populations of the Arabian Peninsula. Human MHC haplotypes, and its association with diseases, of the variable ethnic groups of this region are poorly studied. This review compiled published manuscripts that have reported a list of autoimmune diseases (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris, and multiple sclerosis) associated with MHC class I and class II in the populations of the Arabian Peninsula, specifically Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Data available was compared with other three ethnic groups, namely Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. The limited data available in the public domain on the association between MHC gene and autoimmune diseases highlight the challenges in the Middle Eastern region.
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Alsuwayt, Bader. "Effect of Different Factors on Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123513.
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Aim: To describe the rate of the controlled level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among diabetes mellitus patients in Dammam city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). To assess the association between the status of HbA1c and the different patient-related factors namely: insulin use, metformin, dyslipidemia, and statin use. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Security Forces Hospital, Dammam, KSA, between November 2020 and February 2021. A sample of two hundred known diabetic patients who were regularly followed up at the outpatient department (OPD) was selected randomly for the current study. Results: A very low rate (24%) of controlled HbA1C levels in patients with diabetes (type 1 DM and type 2 DM), The data showed that 85 % of all participants in our study are T2DM patients, while only 15% are T1DM patients, Our data showed that patients with dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, or hypertension have a high level of uncontrolled HbA1C levels. Surprisingly, both dyslipidemia and statin use were predictors of uncontrolled HbA1C, Unexpectedly, non-metformin use has a protective effect toward controlling HbA1C, While insulin use is a strong predictor of uncontrolled HbA1C (OD 5.20). Conclusion: A low rate of controlled glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level among patients with diabetes (T1DM and T2DM) in our sample urges the need for immediate intervention to investigate and improve the current findings. Further investigations are needed to fully explain the high rate of uncontrolled HbA1c among insulin, metformin and statins users. Keywords: Glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c, Diabetes mellitus, Statins, Metformin.
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Aldawsari, Hibah M., Abeer Hanafy, Gihan S. Labib, and Jihan M. Badr. "Antihyperglycemic Activities of Extracts of the Mistletoes Plicosepalus acaciae and P. curviflorus in Comparison to their Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Suspension Formulations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 69, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2014): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znc.2014-0047.
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Abstract The antihyperglycemic activity of the extracts and preparations of solid lipid nanoparticle suspensions of two mistletoes growing in Saudi Arabia, Plicosepalus acaciae and P. curviflorus, as well as their possible antioxidant effect were investigated in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Type 2 diabetes was induced in adult maleWistar rats by a high-fat diet followed by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were treated in parallel with pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), non-toxic extracts of P. acaciae and P. curviflorus, as well as three different solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) suspension formulations prepared from each of the two extracts. Blood glucose level, insulin resistance, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidant markers were determined. The total extracts of P. acaciae and P. curviflorus as well as the SLN formulations exhibited a significant blood glucose-lowering effect associated with antioxidant effects in the diabetic rats. The SLN preparation with the highest lipid content gave the best result. Reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in the diabetic rats was, at least partly, due to the antioxidant activities of the extracts and their SLN formulations.
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Ahmed, Ahmed Ezzat, Awad Alsamghan, Maha Abdullah Momenah, Haifa Ali Alqhtani, Nouf Arkan Aldawood, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Abdulaziz Mohammad Ali Alshehri, Sadeq K. Alhag, Yasser O. Mosaad, and Hassan Ahmed. "Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Mixed Hypercholesterolemic Populations with Respect to Gender, Age, and Obesity in Asir, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 14985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214985.
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This record study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) profiles regarding sex, age, and obesity for the riskier factor of cardiovascular diseases in a general population in Saudi Arabia. Laboratory and anthropometric measurements were performed on non-specific participants with variant ages and BMI in either sex. Serobiochemical changes were measured for metabolic profiles, i.e., A1C/FSG, TC, TGC, HDLC/LDLC, Vit.D, TSH/T4, Hb, and Cr. The study was applied in a Polyclinic, Abha, Saudi Arabia in 2020 G. The general population showed variable incidences of MetS profiles, such as 69.4% diabetes, 85.5% hypothyroidism, and 92.2% obesity. Hypothyroidism showed a higher incidence in women rather than in men, but men were more dyslipidemic, with higher TGC and LDLC but low HDLC, compared to women. Men <40 Y. showed diabetes and hypothyroidism, but elders were dyslipidemic. Women <40 Y. showed anemia and hypovitaminosis-D but were suffering from hypothyroidism at all ages. Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypovitaminosis-D, and dyslipidemia were the main MetS components in both overweight and obese participants, and an incidence of more than 50% in each profile was recorded. Diabetes with hypertension was characteristic of obese participants rather than those overweight. About 66.1% of the mixed-hypercholesterolemic cases were diabetic, but 18.9% of the mixed-diabetic participants were hypercholesterolemic. Castelli’s risk factors, CRI-I and CRI-II, and atherogenic indices, AIP and AC, were measured for evaluating the cardiac risk in different populations based on the AUC–ROC and cut-off values. Insulin-resistance marker (TyG) was also measured, showing considerable cut-off values for diabetic susceptibility in the lipidemic participants with higher TGC and TC rather than HDLC or LDLC. In conclusion, MetS showed higher susceptibility to sex and age with increased incidence in women rather than men. However, the cardiac risk was more susceptible to men of higher TGC and low HDLC than women. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more prominent in both elders (≥40 Y.) than younger ages of either sex. Anemia and deficiency of Vit. D was characteristic of young women (<40 Y.). Hypothyroidism affects young men <40 Y. but was recorded in women of all ages. Both dyslipidemia and diabetes could trigger CVD, showing higher cardiac risk in mixed-hypercholesterolemic men rather than women. Our study strongly suggests that the consumption of unhealthy junk food, tobacco smoking, lack of exercise, and physical inactivity could be conclusive evidence of MetS in the Saudi population.
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Al Hayek, Ayman A., Asirvatham A. Robert, and Mohamed A. Al Dawish. "Clinical Characteristics and Satisfaction of Liraglutide Treatment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study." Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes 12 (January 2019): 117955141983493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179551419834935.
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Background: Evaluation of patient-reported results, treatment satisfaction, in particular, is popularly gaining recognition as crucial to the assessment of the efficiency of new therapies. The aim of this study is to examine the clinical features and treatment satisfaction with liraglutide in insulin-dependent obese patients having uncontrolled diabetes. Methods: A prospective study was performed for 12 weeks using 64 type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, 30 to 70 years of age, who came in for treatment to the Diabetes Treatment Center in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from November 2017 to July 2018. All the patients enrolled in this study were given liraglutide in addition to their existing treatment. For the first week, they were subcutaneously administered 0.6 mg once per day, which was gradually raised to 1.2 mg after 1 week, and the final given dose went up to 1.8 mg per day until the study period was completed. Purposive and suitable selection of the respondents was performed at their convenience. They were interviewed adopting the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (Arabic version) at baseline and after 12 weeks. Besides, the clinical variables like hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total daily insulin dose (TDD), number of injections, and hypoglycemia/weeks were also recorded at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: In comparison with the baseline values, notable positive differences were identified in the domains of treatment satisfaction, namely, satisfied with current treatment ( P = .0001), frequency of perceived hyperglycemia ( P = .0001), frequency of perceived hypoglycemia ( P = .0001), convenience of current treatment ( P = .0001), understanding diabetes ( P = .0001), recommend the current treatment ( P = .018), and continue the present treatment ( P = .0001) when the study is completed. After 12 weeks, the addition of liraglutide to the existing treatment showed significant positive changes on FBS ( P = .0001), HbA1c ( P = .001), TDD ( P = .0001), number of injections ( P = .0001), documented hypoglycemia/weeks ( P = .0005), and body weight ( P = .0001) in comparison with the baseline values. Conclusions: The addition of liraglutide to the existing treatment raised the level of treatment satisfaction and minimized the frequency of hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events apart from the other clinical variables.
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Alanazi, Fuhid, Valerie Gay, and Ryan Alturki. "Poor Compliance of Diabetic Patients with AI-Enabled E-Health Self-Care Management in Saudi Arabia." Information 13, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13110509.
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Still in its nascent stage, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s self-care system lacks most features of a state-of-the-art e-health care system. With the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the expanding use of artificial intelligence (AI), e-health initiatives in Saudi Arabia are increasing, which is compelling academics, clinicians, and policymakers to develop a better understanding of e-health trends, their efficacy, and their high impact areas. An increase in the number of diabetic patients in the Kingdom demands improvements to the current e-health care system, where the capability to manage diabetic patients is still in its infancy. In this survey, a total of 210 valid responses were obtained for analysis. SPSS version 27.0 was used for the quantitative analysis. The main technique used to address the aims of the data analysis was Spearman’s correlation analysis. This study indicated that the compliance rate with prescribed medication, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin injections from hospitals is increasing, with the highest rates found for Jeddah City. However, diet control and physical activity compliance levels were found to be poorly combined, predominantly due to the lower number of registered patients in the e-health care system. This non-compliance trends with selected variables (education and income) and highlights the dire need for improvement to the current health system by the inclusion of the latest technology, including big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, this study suggests the implementation of government-regulated e-health care systems on mobile-based policies. The study revealed the experience of patients using e-health systems, which could be used to improve their efficacy and durability. More research needs to be conducted to address the deficiencies in the current e-health care system regarding diabetes care, and how it can be integrated into the healthcare system in general.
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Mohamed, Waleed Samy. "Metabolic Effects of Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis: Review Article." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 3 (June 2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.3.90.
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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, which affects large number of population all over the world. Diabetes is associated with many complications as dyslipidemia, coronary heart diseases and non alcoholic fatty liver diseases. More than 400 traditional medicinal plants have been recorded for helping in controlling such disease. This review discusses the effects of most common plants (Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis) used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents. The usage of the mixture or each plant alone corrected the blood glucose level and increase insulin secretion with definite increase in the number and diameter of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic rats. Also, improve the associated dyslipidemia, and ameliorated most of all damage effects of Alloxan on hematological parameters present in diabetic rats. So, it can control most of the metabolic risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic. Finally, it appeared to be a useful agent in improving fatty changes in the liver texture associated with DM. It can be concluded that, water extract of the mixture of Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis is the most powerful in amelioration hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and most of all damage effects of Alloxan on the liver and hematological parameters.
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Babiker, Amir, Nawaf Alammari, Abdulrahman Aljuraisi, Rakan Alharbi, Hamoud Alqarni, Emad Masuadi, and Haifa Alfaraidi. "The Effectiveness of Insulin Pump Therapy Versus Multiple Daily Injections in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Specialized Center in Riyadh." Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes 15 (January 2022): 117955142211284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795514221128495.
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Objectives: Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with multiple daily injections (MDI) in achieving glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 2 matched groups of youths with T1DM treated by CSII or MDI in a tertiary specialized children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. Children and adolescents aged up to 18 years, diagnosed with T1DM and using CSII or MDI, from the period 2016 to 2018. Patients on MDI were newly-diagnosed patients with T1DM who had the disease for only 1 year duration; all CSII patients had at least 1 to 2 years of T1DM but who had just started on pumps in the past 3 months. We excluded patients with other autoimmune diseases, non-ambulatory patients and those admitted to hospital for non-diabetes reasons. Primary outcome was HbA1c at 1, 2, and 3 years, with weight gain as a secondary outcome. Ambulatory glycemic profile was analyzed from a subset of patients using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). Results: A total of 168 youths with T1DM (n = 129 in the MDI group, n = 39 in the CSII group) were included. The CSII group consistently had lower HbA1c levels compared to the MDI group throughout a 3-year follow up period: 8.1% versus 10.1, P-value < .001 at 1 year, 7.5% versus 10.1% at 2 years, P-value < .001, 8.9% versus 10.3% at 3 years, P-value = .033. Body mass index significantly increased in both groups at 1 year, although greater in CSII group. In a subgroup using isCGM (n = 37 on MDI and n = 29 on CSII), the CSII group had a lower average blood glucose (194 mg/dL vs 228 mg/dL, P-value = .028) and a lower estimated HbA1c level (8.4% vs 9.6%, P-value = .022). Conclusion: Treatment with CSII resulted in lower HbA1c compared to MDI in our cohort, which was sustained over a 3-year period.
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El-Hazmi, Mohsen A. F., and Arjumand S. Warsy. "Association of Hypertension and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Population." Annals of Saudi Medicine 21, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2001.5.
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Alzaid, Aus A., S. Sobki, and V. De Silva. "Prevalence of microalbuminuria in Saudi Arabians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a clinic-based study." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 26, no. 2 (December 1994): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(94)90148-1.
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KHAN, ZULFAQAR A., and ADEL M. ASSIRI. "OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 04 (March 10, 2008): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2922.
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Objectives: To assess the associations of obesity and hypertension in diabetics and non-diabetics. Patients and Methods:A total of 430 Saudi patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus comprising of 205(48 %) males and 225(52 %)females were studied. Height and weight were measured for calculating body mass index (BMI). The type 2 diabetics and non-diabeticindividuals were investigated separately to determine the prevalence of obesity and overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure wasrecorded using the standard method in a sitting position. The patients were diagnosed as diabetics and hypertensive on the criteria of the WorldHealth Organization. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 16.7% and 22.9%, and overweight was 27.1% and 22.9% in the total men andwomen studied in healthy non-diabetics; while the prevalence of obesity was 26.8% and 42.7%, and overweight was 45.8 and 38.2% in the totalm 1c en and women, in the diabetics respectively. In diabetic subjects, glycemic status (HbA ) and BMI had coefficient of correlation between 26matched pairs as r= 0.36, but not impressive. In over-all population, irrespective of gender, the diabetic subjects had higher obesity/overweight(ob/ow) ratio value (0.84) than non-diabetics (0.79).The prevalence of HT in non-diabetic group was 4.42% in males compared to 2.1% infemales, while in the diabetic group the prevalence of HT was 24.39% in males and 41.33% in females, respectively. Prevalence of HT indiabetics was higher in females than males, in contrast to non-diabetics. Conclusion: Our study shows that obesity and hypertension are bothcontributing factors in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus; and the measures should be adopted for control of obesity and hypertensionto reduce the cause of diabetes mellitus.
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Oraibi, Omar, Mohammed Sanguf, Wala Gadi, Rahaf Almatrafi, Mohammed Muafa, Faisal Hakami, Ibrahim Haqawi, et al. "Awareness of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among the Saudi non-diabetic population in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 2022, 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24911/ijmdc.51-1663660426.
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Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by a lack of insulin-producing cells, impaired insulin activity, or a combination of the two. Today, Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of diabetes, with 23.7% of the population suffering from the disease. Many people with diabetes do not realize they have the disease until one of its life-threatening complications occurs. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of knowledge and awareness about diabetes mellitus (DM) among the non-diabetic population and its association with sociodemographic variables in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on non-diabetic community members from January 2022 to April 2022 in the Jazan Region. Participants were selected through a random sampling method and completed self-administered questionnaires that included demographic variables. Microsoft Excel was used for data entry, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 was used for data processing and analysis. Result: A total of 475 subjects participated in this study. Moreover, 86.7% (412) of the study participants defined diabetes as the presence of high blood sugar levels in the body, but nearly half (44.6%) thought that DM was a curable disease. Regarding the complications of DM, 81.3% mentioned that DM could lead to amputations, followed by causing eye problems or even blindness (79.8%). Conclusion: The population in the Jazan Region has enough general knowledge of diabetes regarding symptoms, complications, and so on; however, most of the population has the misconception that diabetes can be cured. Therefore, our study suggests that more efforts should be made to increase knowledge of diabetes, especially among the less educated elderly population.
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Fallatah, Walla, Imad Brema, Ahmed Alobedallah, Reem Alkhathami, Shawana Zaheer, Eyad AlMalki, Mohammed Almehthel, Saad Alzahrani, and Mussa H. AlMalki. "Efficacy and Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors as Adjunctive Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes in a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia." Avicenna Journal of Medicine, February 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1742196.
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Abstract Background Adjunctive treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 inhibitors (SGLT2- I) has been successfully used in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in recent years to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia; however, there is a scarcity of evidence for real-world experience in their use in T1DM Saudi patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as off-label adjunctive therapy in Saudi patients with T1DM. Methods This study was a retrospective study for T1DM patients, who were prescribed empagliflozin as an adjunctive therapy. Baseline characteristics including age, changes in HbA1c, body weight, total daily insulin dose, lipid profile, and well as side effects such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) were evaluated before and after initiation empagliflozin in 37 T1DM patients. Results The mean age was 25.8 ± 8.0 years, mean weight was 75.3 ± 14.8 kg, mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.1 ± 6.7 kg/m2, mean duration of diabetes was 10.1 ± 6.5 years, and mean HbA1c was 9.4 ± 1.4%. After a mean follow-up duration of 15.8 ± 6.0 months, the mean reduction in the HbA1c% from baseline was 0.82% (p = 0.001) and mean weight reduction from baseline was 1.7 kg (p = 0.097). The total daily insulin dose was decreased by 2.9 units. UTIs and DKA episodes were reported among 2.7% and 10.8% of the participants, respectively. Conclusion Empagliflozin in combination with insulin in overweight Saudi T1DM subjects resulted in a significant improvement in glycemic control, mild non-significant reduction in body weight, and a small but statistically significant reduction in the total daily insulin dose with a slight increase in the risk of DKA and UTIs. Further larger prospective studies are needed for better evaluation of the efficacy and safety of these agents in Saudi T1DM patients.
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Almaghaslah, Dalia, Arwa Khled Abdelrhman, Shroouk Khaled AL Masdaf, Layla Mohammed Majrashi, Basayer Mostafa Matary, Wegdan Mohammed Asiri, and Bayan Ali Alqhatani. "Factors contributing to non-adherence to insulin therapy among type 1 and type2 diabetes mellitus patients in Asser region, Saudi Arabia." Biomedical Research 29, no. 10 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-18-503.
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AlMalki, Mussa H., Hossam Aldesokey, Dania Alkhafaji, Abdulrahman Alsheikh, Uffe Christian Braae, Lars Lang Lehrskov, Waleed Magawry, Moataz Yahia, and Ahmed Haroun. "Glycaemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Insulin Degludec: A Real-World, Prospective Non-interventional Study—UPDATES Saudi Arabia." Advances in Therapy, November 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-022-02366-0.
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Khodeer, Dina M., Ali M. Nasr, Shady A. Swidan, Sarah Shabayek, Roaa M. Khinkar, Mohammed M. Aldurdunji, Maryam A. Ramadan, and Jihan M. Badr. "Characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Mill and J. A. Nyberg extract." Frontiers in Microbiology 13 (January 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1078061.
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IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that exhibited great expansion all over the world. It is becoming an epidemic disease adding a major burden to the health care system, particularly in developing countries.MethodsThe plant under investigation in the current study Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Mill and J. A. Nyberg is traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of the plant and pure gallic acid (40 mg/kg), a major metabolite of the plant, as well as their silver nanoparticle formulae (AgNPs) were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity.Results and DiscussionThe results showed a decrease in body fat, obesity, an improvement in lipid profiles, normalization of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia, and an improvement in liver tissue structure and function. However, the results obtained from AgNPs for both extract and the pure gallic acid were better in most measured parameters. Additionally, the activity of both the crude extract of the plant and its AgNPs were evaluated against a number of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Although the activity of the crude extract ranged from moderate to weak or even non-active, the AgNPs of the plant extract clearly enhanced the antimicrobial activity. AgNPs of the extract demonstrated remarkable activity, especially against the Gram-negative pathogens Proteus vulgaris (MIC 2.5 μg/ml) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 5 μg/ml). Furthermore, a promising antimicrobial activity was shown against the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus mutants (MIC 1.25 μg/ml).
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Mohieldein, Abdelmarouf, Mohammad Alzohairy, Marghoob Hasan, and Amjad A. Khan. "Inflammatory Markers and Haptoglobin Polymorphism in Saudi with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Global Journal of Health Science 5, no. 1 (November 11, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p135.
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Al-Dahr, Mohammed H. Saiem. "Quantitative analysis of DNA strand break and oxidative stress enzymes in Saudi with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients." Endocrinology&Metabolism International Journal 6, no. 3 (May 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/emij.2018.06.00176.
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Daghestani, Mazin H., Maha H. Daghestani, Arjumand Warsy, Afaf El-Ansary, Mohammed A. Omair, Maha A. Omair, Lena M. Hassen, Eman MH Alhumaidhi, Bashaer Al Qahtani, and Abdel Halim Harrath. "Adverse Effects of Selected Markers on the Metabolic and Endocrine Profiles of Obese Women With and Without PCOS." Frontiers in Endocrinology 12 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.665446.
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The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females. In addition, PCOS influences relationship between Kisspeptin and VEGF and some parameters such as glucose, LH or FSH and LH/FSH ratio in obese females, but does not affect Vit D relationship with other parameter.