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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Nosadini, R., M. R. Cipollina, A. Solini, M. Sambataro, A. Morocutti, A. Doria, P. Fioretto, E. Brocco, B. Muollo, and F. Frigato. "Close relationship between microalbuminuria and insulin resistance in essential hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3, no. 4 (October 1992): S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v34s56.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among insulin resistance and albumin excretion rate in 25 nondiabetic patients with essential hypertension and in 28 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Two groups of healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and weight served as controls. Patients with essential hypertension were divided into two subgroups: without (H1) and with (H2) microalbuminuria. Diabetic patients were divided into four subgroups: those with normoalbuminuria without (NIDDM1) and with (NIDDM2) hypertension and those with microalbuminuria without (NIDDM3) and with (NIDDM4) hypertension. Whole-body glucose utilization during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min insulin infusion) was calculated by tracer dilution techniques (6,6 2H2 glucose tracer continuous infusion) and was significantly lower in hypertensives with microalbuminuria than in those without (H2 versus H1 versus controls: 3.41 +/- 0.51 versus 6.52 +/- 0.62 versus 7.03 +/- 0.48 mg/kg/min; mean +/- SE). Whole-body glucose utilization in NIDDM patients--NIDDM4 versus NIDDM3 versus NIDDM2 versus NIDDM1 versus controls--was: 1.86 +/- 0.31 versus 2.21 +/- 0.39 versus 2.01 +/- 0.40 versus 5.98 +/- 0.77 versus 5.52 +/- 0.92 mg/kg/min (mean +/- SE). Whereas the first three subgroups did not differ among themselves, they had significantly lower glucose utilization than did the normotensive NIDDM1 patients without microalbuminuria and nondiabetic controls (P < 0.01). Hypertensives with microalbuminuria had higher Vmax of sodium-lithium countertransport (Na/Li CTT) in red blood cells than did both hypertensives without microalbuminuria and controls. It was also observed that NIDDM patients with microalbuminuria had higher Vmax of Na/Li CTT than did NIDDM patients without microalbuminuria and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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2

Dreval`, A. V. "Treatment of uncomplicated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lecture)." Problems of Endocrinology 41, no. 4 (August 15, 1995): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11460.

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Type II diabetes mellitus, or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a common endocrine disease, it affects up to 5-10% of the population aged 60-70 years, the frequency of NIDDM increases rapidly in individuals over 40, although it can occur at an earlier age. Mortality among patients with NIDDM is approximately 2 times higher than among people without diabetes. In particular, in patients with NIDDM under the age of 50 years, life expectancy is reduced by 5-10 years. Moreover, the life expectancy of women is less than that of men, but this difference disappears with age. The main cause of death with NIDDM is cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the prognosis of the disease depends not only on the degree of normalization of metabolism, but also on the effectiveness of the treatment of such often concomitant NIDDM conditions as hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, as well as the elimination of bad habits, in particular smoking.

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3

Rorsman, P., P.-O. Berggren, K. Bokvist, and S. Efendic. "ATP-Regulated K+ Channels and Diabetes Mellitus." Physiology 5, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1990.5.4.143.

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Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells is dependent on closure of ATP-regulated K+ channels. These channels are selectively blocked by hypoglycaemic sulfonylureas, compounds used in treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This suggests that NIDDM may result from defective K+-channel regulation.

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4

Jeanrenaud, B., and S. Halimi. "Insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 4 (January 1988): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(88)90004-6.

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5

Akanuma, Y. "Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) in Japan." Diabetic Medicine 13 (September 1996): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.11.

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6

Min, Hun-Ki. "Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) in Korea." Diabetic Medicine 13 (September 1996): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.13.

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7

Teisberg, Per. "Genetics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Journal of Internal Medicine 234, no. 5 (November 1993): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00774.x.

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8

Beck-Nielsen, Henning, Jan Erik Henriksen, Allan Vaag, and Ole Hother-Nielsen. "Pathophysiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 28 (January 1995): S13—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(95)01082-o.

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9

HOBBS, C. G. L., M. KODIKARA, R. GRAY, P. BORDIN, A. ROBINSON, P. J. PACY, S. VENKATESAN, and D. HALLIDAY. "Lipoproteins in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Biochemical Society Transactions 24, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 153S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst024153s.

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10

Ekoé, J. M. "Epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 4 (January 1988): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(88)90017-4.

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11

Galajda, Peter, Emil Martinka, Ján Staško, Marian Mokáň, and Peter Kubisz. "Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 (PAI-1) Levels Are Decreased in NIDDM Patients treated with Insulin." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107602969800400212.

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We examined 25 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients treated with sulfonylurea (SU) regi mens, 14 NIDDM patients with 8-12 weeks long-acting insulin (INS) treatment and 15 age-matched normoinsulinemic healthy controls. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were significantly increased in NIDDM patients treated by SU agents (median 58.9, range 14-217 ng/ml) compared to patients with insulin therapy (median 20.7, 4-53 ng/ml) and normal controls (median 10.8, 4-52 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus subgroups were not different in other hemostatic (von Willebrand factor, thrombomodulin, tis sue factor pathway inhibitor, platelet factor-4 levels) and meta bolic (C-peptide, triglycerides) parameters and PAI-1 levels did not correlate with these hemostatic and metabolic parameters. This finding suggests that insulin application itself may cause decreased PAI-1 levels, probably by influence on intracellular calcium. This hypothesis requires further research. Key Words: PAI-1—Insulin treatment—Non—insulin—dependent diabetes mellitus.

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12

Choudhury, Md Manzurur Rahman Shah, Towhidul Alam, and AKM Shahidur Rahman. "Studies on lipid profile in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." KYAMC Journal 2, no. 1 (January 28, 2013): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i1.13516.

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Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and is associated with abnormalities of lipids and lipoprotein metabolism in variable frequency. The aim of the present work was to study the lipid abnormalities in NIDDM patients. Dyslipidaemia is of special interest because to compare it between male and female NIDDM patients and as well as to see the impact between women of reproductive age group and post menopausal women. For this purpose total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio were determined of a total number of 160 subjects. Out of these 80 subjects were diabetic and 80 were non-diabetic control subjects of both sexes. In this study, the total serum cholesterol levels were higher in NIDDM than control subjects and showed significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between control and NIDDM subjects. The serum triglyceride levels were found higher amongst diabetics as compared to the normal healthy controls and showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Higher LDL-C levels were showed in NIDDM and revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in comparison to control non-diabetic subjects and NIDDM patients. HDL-C levels were found decreased in patients with NIDDM compared to controls. The findings in the patients with NIDDM between male and female revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C between male and female diabetic patient in unpaired t-test. With improvement of diabetic control some improvement of the lipid abnormalities can be achieved. Most studies have shown that improvement of lipid abnormalities occur with proper glycaemic control in patients with NIDDM. The atherosclerotic process in the diabetic patient is indistinguishable from that seen in the non-diabetic population but it begins earlier and is more severe. Risk factors associated with atherosclerosis in the non-diabetic subject appear to have a similar relation to coronary heart disease among diabetics. Further studies are necessary to confirm the present suggestions, studies involving more number of subjects, estimation of Hb AIC.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i1.13516 KYAMC Journal Vol.2(1) 2011 pp.123-127

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13

Orbak, R., A. Tezel, V. Çanakçi, and T. Demir. "The Influence of Smoking and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus on Periodontal Disease." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000203.

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The periodontal health of smokers and non-smokers with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and non-smokers with periodontitis who were not suffering from a systemic disease was assessed. The investigation was carried out on 60 adult subjects. Levels of blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and immunoglobulins G, A and M were determined, together with the plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depths and clinical attachment level. Periodontitis was more severe in smokers and non-smokers with NIDDM than non-smokers without NIDDM, and the periodontal condition (clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding) was better in non-smokers with NIDDM than smokers with NIDDM. The results suggest that diabetes and smoking are high-risk factors for periodontal disease.

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14

Talabani, Namama. "Serum electrolytes and lipid profiles in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11088.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia are the most common metabolic disorder affecting the people all over the world. Hyperglycemia is considered a primary cause of diabetic vascular complications and is associated with impaired electrolytes in some of the metabolic dysfunctions is not clear. Aim: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the relationship among diabetes mellitus, lipid profiles and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-). Methods: In the sera of 85 non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM, 45 with hyperlipidemia, 40 without hyperlipidemia, 50 samples of hyperlipidemia without NIDDM, and 50 non diabetic healthy control subjects. The mean age of the diabetic patients was similar to that of control. The mean duration of the disease was (10.2±5.9) years (2-23) years. From the results, it was discovered that there was a significant decrease in Na+ and Cl- in patients with NIDDM without high level of lipid profile (group I), but our results show that the concentration of K+ not changed significantly. The plasma levels of Na+ and Cl- ions were show significant change in patient with hyperlipidemia without NIDDM (group II), while plasma K+ not changed significantly in this group as compared with control. The mean value of Na+ and Cl- show high significant change in NIDDM patients with high level of lipids profile (group III),were plasma K+ not changed significantly as compared with control group. Conclusion: These finding may explain the role of impaired electrolytes status in NIDDM and hyperlipidemia subjects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11088Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 38-41

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15

McQueen, Chapman T., Andrew Baxter, Timothy L. Smith, Eileen Raynor, Sang Min Yoon, Jiri Prazma, and Harold C. Pillsbury. "Non-insulin-dependent diabetic microangiopathy in the inner ear." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 113, no. 1 (January 1999): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100143051.

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AbstractHearing loss has long been associated with diabetes mellitus. Microangiopathy, associated with thickening of the basement membranes of small vessels, has been implicated as a major source of multiple system organ disease.Objective This study was designed to evaluate changes in basement membrane thickness in the inner ear of laboratory animals suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with, and without, exposure to moderate intensity noise exposure in an attempt to extrapolate the same disease process in humans.Design Spontaneously hypertensive-corpulent non-insulin-dependent rats (SHR/N-cp) were selected as a genetic model for the above study. Both lean and obese rats were used in this study. A genetically similar control group of animals (LA/N-cp) were used as controls. These animals express both the lean and obese phenotypes, but they lack the NIDDM gene. Forty-eight animals in each group were sacrificed at the end of the study. The cochleas were dissected and fixed. The basement membrane of the stria vascularis was examined using transmission electron microscopy.Setting This study was a laboratory-based, standard animal study.Main outcome This study was designed to show microangiography of the inner ear as related to NIDDM with, and without, obesity and noise exposure.Results/Conclusions NIDDM alone does not cause statistically significant basement membrane thickening; however, NIDDM in combination with obesity and/or noise exposure did show significant thickening and the combination of all three showed the greatest thickening. NIDDM appeared to be the greatest contributing factor.

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16

Henry, R. R., A. W. Thorburn, P. Beerdsen, and B. Gumbiner. "Dose-response characteristics of impaired glucose oxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): E132—E140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1991.261.1.e132.

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To determine the dose-response characteristics of impaired glucose oxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), indirect calorimetry was performed on eight matched control and NIDDM subjects during the basal state and during three glucose clamps at insulin infusion rates of 150, 300, and 1,500 pmol.m-2.min-1. Hyperglycemia was used to achieve matched rates of glucose uptake at each insulin infusion. Glucose uptake in the basal state was greater in NIDDM [3.75 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.50 +/- 0.10 mg.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1, P less than 0.005] but was similar at approximately 8, 12, and 26 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1 at each insulin infusion. Basal protein oxidation, fat oxidation, and plasma free fatty acids were similar and equally sensitive to suppression by insulin in both groups. Glucose oxidation was reduced 20-26%, and circulating lactate increased 50-90% at physiological but not at pharmacological insulin concentrations in NIDDM. The dose-response relationship between serum insulin and glucose oxidation was right shifted in NIDDM with half-maximal activation at 368 +/- 91 vs. 179 +/- 27 pM in controls (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, glucose oxidation is reduced at physiological insulin concentrations in NIDDM and cannot be explained by concomitant obesity, increased fat oxidation, or reduced glucose uptake but results from impaired sensitivity to stimulation by insulin, possibly at pyruvate dehydrogenase.

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17

Cerda G., Juan, Carlos Vázquez de la Torre, Juan Manuel Malacara, and Laura E. Nava. "Periodontal Disease in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)." Journal of Periodontology 65, no. 11 (November 1994): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.11.991.

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18

Westermark, P. "Islet Pathology of Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetic Medicine 13 (September 1996): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.46.

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19

Shruti, P., and Anant A. Takalkar. "Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and risk factors: a case control study from Andhra Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195213.

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Background: It is well known that several factors influence the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) such as genetic, environmental and life style factors. Obesity is the strongest modifiable risk factor for NIDDM. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption may also have important roles, either indirectly through their effects on obesity or directly through physiological factors related to insulin secretion or insulin resistance. The objective of the study was to study the risk factors of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among the patients attending Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital.Methods: It is a hospital-based case-control study for risk factors in NIDDM. The study was conducted at Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar during the period of June 2010 to May 2011 involving 147 cases and controls each. Data collected and analyzed using SPSS 14 version.Results: 21.59% of the male cases were in the age group of 46-50 years and 20.97% female cases from 56-60 yrs age. 42% cases and 12% controls had history of diabetes mellitus in one parent. 34% cases and 4.67% controls had history of diabetes mellitus in both the parents. Current smokers (odds ratio-4.24, 95% CI 2.02-9.15) and ex-smokers (odds ratio-1.31, 95% CI 0.65-2.68) exhibited an increased risk of NIDDM. Ex-drinking but not current-drinking was statistically significantly associated with the risk of NIDDM. Sedentary work was associated with an increased risk of NIDDM with an odds ratio of 3.90 (95% CI 2.30-6.63).Conclusions: Apart from other risk factors, smoking and alcohol consumption are significant lifestyle risk factors for NIDDM in males.

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20

Al Asfoor, D. H., J. A. Al Lawati, and A. J. Mohammed. "Body fat distribution and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Omani population." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 1999): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1999.5.1.14.

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Anthropometric measures of overall and central obesity as predictors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]risk were studied. Data for 4728 Omanis were taken from the 1991 National Diabetes Survey. Diabetes mellitus was assessed using a 2-hour post glucose load. After adjusting for age, sex, family history of diabetes, physical activity and blood pressure, body mass index [BMI]was positively associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Controlling for BMI and other potential confounders, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference were positively associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus. Waist measurement [alone or with hip circumference]is a simple and independent tool for assessing the risk of NIDDM

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21

Deacon, C. F., S. Schleser-Mohr, M. Ballmann, B. Willms, J. M. Conlon, and W. Creutzfeldt. "Preferential release of proinsulin relative to insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Acta Endocrinologica 119, no. 4 (December 1988): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1190549.

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Abstract. A radioimmunoassay, using an antiserum that is specific for human proinsulin, has been used to study the response of serum proinsulin to low (25 g) and high (75 g) oral glucose loads in non-obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diabetic patients were treated by diet only (N = 8) or were receiving oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (N = 8) and therapy was not interrupted during the study. In the fasted state, proinsulin concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in the drug-treated patients (31 ± 3 pmol/l (sem)) compared with age- and weight-matched healthy subjects (22 ± 2 pmol/l; N = 10), but concentrations in the diet-treated patients 25 ± 3 pmol/l) were not significantly different. Following 25 g and 75 g glucose loads, the rises in serum immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide concentrations in both groups of diabetic patients were impaired and delayed relative to those in the control subjects. The responses of serum proinsulin, however, were not significantly different in the NIDDM patients compared with controls at any time point up to 180 min except in the case of drugtreated patients receiving 25 g of glucose who had elevated (P< 0.05) proinsulin concentrations at 150 min and 180 min after ingestion. It is concluded that NIDDM is not associated with an exaggerated release of proinsulin in response to glucose compared with healthy subjects, but the islets have maintained the ability to release proinsulin better than the ability to release insulin.

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22

Kudryakova, S. V., Yu I. Suntsov, and S. G. Ryzhkova. "Incidence of diabetes mellitus complications as indicated by the register." Problems of Endocrinology 41, no. 4 (August 15, 1995): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11451.

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The incidence of diabetes mellitus complications was assessed on the basis of diabetes mellitus register in 1478 diabetics living in the Lenin district of Moscow. The incidence of microangiopathies was reliably higher in patients with insulin-dependent condition (IDDM) than in those with the non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) one. The incidence of retinopathies and nephropathies was much higher in women with IDDM than in men. The incidence of macroangioptithies was higher in NIDDM than in those with IDDM. The incidence of coronary disease and arterial hypertension was the highest in women with NIDDM. The incidence of complications increased with a longer standing of the disease and age of the patients.

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23

Cimbaljević, Branko, Ana Vasilijević, Slavica Cimbaljević, Biljana Buzadžić, Aleksandra Korać, Vesna Petrović, Aleksandra Janković, and Bato Korać. "Interrelationship of antioxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and lipid profile in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 10 (October 2007): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-088.

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This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship of plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte antioxidative defense in patients with insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxides and the activities of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as the amount of glutathione in erythrocytes, were determined in IDDM, NIDDM, and nondiabetic control subjects. Additionally, morphology of erythrocytes in all subjects was examined. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in NIDDM compared with controls. Also, the lipid peroxide level was higher in NIDDM than in either control or IDDM subjects. CuZnSOD activity in erythrocytes was elevated in NIDDM patients compared with the control. In NIDDM patients, more extensive erythrocyte spherocytosis and echinocytosis compared with both control and IDDM subjects were observed. In contrast with the IDDM group, the observed abnormality in lipid metabolism in NIDDM patients is closely associated with increased lipid peroxidation, changes in antioxidative defense, and erythrocyte morphology.

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24

Plotnick, Leslie. "Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Pediatrics In Review 15, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.15.4.137.

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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic, serious disease in children and adolescents. Its diagnosis is straightforward and rarely subtle. The major challenges of this disease for the child, family, and health-care team involve long-term management of medical and metabolic factors as well as psychological and behavioral concerns. While developments in the past 10 to 15 years have made metabolic control technically possible, psychological stresses and behavioral problems often interfere with metabolic goals. There are few, if any, other diseases that require such intensive and extensive self-care skills. Definitions Diabetes generally is classified in two types. Type I, or IDDM, is seen mostly in younger people (children and adolescents). It previously was called juvenile onset or ketosisprone. Insulin deficiency characterizes IDDM, and patients need exogenous insulin for survival. Type II, or non-IDDM (NIDDM), previously called adult or maturity onset, is the type seen most commonly in older people and in obesity and is not discussed in this review. To make a diagnosis of diabetes, a child must have either classic symptoms with a random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL or specific plasma glucose levels before and after a standard glucose load if asymptomatic. The diagnosis of IDDM usually is clear-cut.

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25

Joven, J., E. Vilella, B. Costa, P. R. Turner, C. Richart, and L. Masana. "Concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with clinically well-controlled insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.5.813.

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Abstract The triglyceride and cholesterol content of total, very-low-, intermediate-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins, and of apolipoproteins (apo) Al, All, B, Cll, Clll, and E were determined in plasma from 107 patients with clinically well-controlled diabetes and from 66 age- and weight-matched healthy normal subjects. The diabetic patients were separated into two groups: those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1, n = 24) and those with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2, n = 83). The latter group contained two subgroups: those treated by diet (type 2d, n = 42) or by insulin (type 2i, n = 41). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased in IDDM patients, and decreased in NIDDM patients relative to control subjects. Mean apo Al values in IDDM patients were higher than in their respective controls and in NIDDM patients. Concentrations of apo B, Clll, and E were higher in all diabetic patients than in the healthy controls, but those of apo Cll did not differ statistically between diabetics and nondiabetics. Although total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were apparently near normal values in patients with good glycemic control, we found a persistent increase of intermediate-density lipoproteins (remnants) in all the diabetic groups studied. This factor may be related to the perceived increased cardiovascular risk in these individuals.

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26

Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., and Timon W. van Haeften. "Prevention of Complications in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)." Drugs 50, no. 2 (August 1995): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199550020-00006.

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27

Mahot, P., C. Maugeais, K. Ouguerram, T. Magot, and M. Krempf. "LDL heterogeneity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects." Reproduction Nutrition Development 36, no. 4 (1996): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19960450.

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28

Yang, Yu-Xiao, Sean Hennessy, and James D. Lewis. "Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and colorectal cancer risk." Gastroenterology 124, no. 4 (April 2003): A547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)82766-x.

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29

Srivastava, Sanjay, Chandra S. Joshi, Prithi P. S. Sethi, Ashok K. Agrawal, Satish K. Srivastava, and Prahlad K. Seth. "Altered platelet functions in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Thrombosis Research 76, no. 5 (December 1994): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(95)90177-h.

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30

Ramakrishna, Vadde, and Rama Jailkhani. "Oxidative stress in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients." Acta Diabetologica 45, no. 1 (October 9, 2007): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-007-0018-3.

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31

Bruno, Guido, Fulvia Trucco, Elena Zumpano, Milena Tagliabue, Cataldo Di Bisceglie, Gianpiero Pescarmona, and Valentino Martina. "Platelet cNOS Activity Is Reduced in Patients with IDDM and NIDDM." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 79, no. 03 (1998): 520–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614937.

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SummarySeveral studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that the nitric oxide (NO) production is impaired in diabetes mellitus. Reduced levels of NO could contribute to vascular alteration facilitating platelet-vascular wall interaction, adhesion of monocytes to endothelium, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and by decreasing endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In this study we evaluated the activity of the constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in platelets of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). When compared to that of normal subjects, cNOS activity is significantly lower in patients with IDDM and with NIDDM (1.57 ± 0.25 vs. 0.66 ± 0.10 fmol/min/10 9 PLTs and 1.57 ± 0.25 vs. 0.67 ± 0.08, respectively; p <0.005). These data demonstrate that the platelet cNOS activity is decreased in diabetes mellitus.

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32

Nyholm, Birgit, Sanne Fisker, Sten Lund, Niels Møller, and Ole Schmitz. "Increased circulating leptin concentrations in insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: relationship to body composition and insulin sensitivity but not to family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." European Journal of Endocrinology 136, no. 2 (February 1997): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1360173.

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Abstract Objective: To explore a possible association between serum concentration of leptin, insulin sensitivity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Design: Forty first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 35 control subjects matched for age, gender and body mass index underwent a hyperinsulinaemic (insulin infusion rate 0·6 mU/kg per min) euglycaemic clamp combined with indirect calorimetry. Serum leptin was measured in fasting blood samples obtained before the clamp. Results: All subjects had a normal oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (M) was decreased in the relatives compared with the control subjects (4·58 ± 0·27 versus 606 ± 0·25 mg/kg per min, P < 0·001). Conversely, serum leptin was increased in the relatives (9·6·/÷ 1·1 versus 6·1·/÷ 1·2 ng/ml (geometric mean·/÷ antilog s.e.m.). P < 0·05). A positive correlation was observed between circulating levels of leptin and percentage body fat (P < 0·001) and inverse correlations were found between leptin, M (P < 0·01), maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) (P < 0·01), and energy expenditure (P ≤ 0·01) in both groups. In multiple linear regression analysis, percentage body fat, gender and M significantly determined the level of leptin (r2 = 0·71, P < 0·001) whereas family history of NIDDM and VO2 max did not. Conclusion: Serum leptin is increased in insulin-resistant offspring of NIDDM patients. The association between leptin, anthropometric measures and insulin sensitivity is, however, comparable with that of a control group. The increased concentrations of serum leptin in the relatives appear to be associated with the insulin resistance, but not with a family history of NIDDM. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 173–179

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33

Braun, B., M. B. Zimmermann, and N. Kretchmer. "Effects of exercise intensity on insulin sensitivity in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Journal of Applied Physiology 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.78.1.300.

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Exercise enhances insulin sensitivity in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but the intensity of exercise necessary to optimize the effect is unknown. Eight women with NIDDM were studied on a metabolic ward in each of three conditions: 1) low-intensity exercise (LO) that consisted of treadmill walking at 50% of maximal O2 consumption on days 1 and 2, 2) high-intensity exercise (HI) that consisted of walking at 75% of maximal O2 consumption, and 3) no exercise (NX). The duration of exercise was adjusted so that energy expenditure was equal in both exercise conditions. On day 3, glucose, [6,6–2H]glucose, and insulin were infused at fixed rates for 3 h. Insulin sensitivity was determined both by steady-state plasma glucose concentration and rate of glucose disposal per unit plasma insulin. Steady-state plasma glucose concentration and rate of glucose disposal per unit plasma insulin were almost identical after LO or HI; values were significantly greater than after NX. Plasma glucose response to a test meal was the same among the three conditions, but plasma insulin response was lower for HI and LO compared with NX. We conclude that under these conditions LO is as effective as HI in enhancing insulin sensitivity in people with NIDDM.

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34

Okada, S., S. Tanokuchi, K. Ishii, H. Hamada, K. Ichiki, Z. Ota, M. Shimizu, Y. Hirakt, and H. Nagashima. "Diversity of the Neuropathies in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of International Medical Research 24, no. 1 (January 1996): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059602400116.

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The relationships between cardiac autonomic neuropathies, diabetic somatic neuropathy, metabolic parameters, general parameters (such as age and duration of illness) and diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy were investigated in 103 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated for the comparisons of all the parameters of the neuropathies with all the other parameters. Variables were selected using a stepwise procedure and multiple regression analysis was carried out using these variables. The results of the regression analysis show that diabetic neuropathy is correlated with vascular parameters including blood pressure and pulse-wave velocity, as well as with parameters of sugar and lipid metabolism. The results confirm the diversity of the clinical characteristics of the neuropathies in patients with NIDDM and confirm that these neuropathies do not always occur in parallel.

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35

Pontiroli, Antonio E., A. Calderara, M. Pacchioni, C. Cassisa, and G. Pozza. "Insulin requirement in elderly patients with non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 1, no. 2 (December 1989): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03323885.

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36

Okada, S., H. Hamada, K. Ishii, K. Ichiki, S. Tanokuchi, and Z. Ota. "Factors Related to Stress in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of International Medical Research 23, no. 6 (November 1995): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059502300606.

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Stress was assessed using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores in 40 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, and the results were compared with those for 40 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Fludiazepam was administered to the patients for 12 weeks and stress was reassessed. The Manifest Anxiety Scale score correlated with Trait ( r = 0.548, P <0.0001) and State ( r = 0.474, P < 0.0001) scores, validating the latter as measurements of stress. Both Trait (43.4 vs 35.8, P < 0.001) and State (41.6 vs 33.8, P < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in NIDDM patients than in healthy controls. Administration of an anxiolytic, fludiazepam (0.25 mg, three times daily, orally) for 12 weeks lowered Trait score (43.5 to 36.9, 0.0001), State score (41.6 to 35.8, P < 0.0002), glycosylated haemoglobin (8.4 to 7.3%, P < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (151.2 to 143.4 mmHg, P < 0.0017) and diastolic blood pressure (84.2 to 77.7 mmHg, P < 0.0018). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the significant explanatory variables for the change in State score during anxiolytic administration were the changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B: A1 and glycosylated haemoglobin ( R2 = 0.3224, P < 0.0022). The results indicate that stress is detected at a higher frequency in patients with NIDDM than in healthy controls, and that blood glucose and lipid metabolic factors are significant explanatory variables for this stress. This stress is correlated with glucose metabolism and blood pressure and, moreover, these factors could all be proved concomitantly by the administration of an anxiolytic.

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37

Okunade, Gbolahan W., Odutayo O. Odunuga, and Olufunso O. Olorunsogo. "Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress in Erythrocyte Membranes of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Nigerians." Bioscience Reports 19, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020113121995.

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The presence of higher level of endogenous free radical reaction products in the erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) of Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects compared with that of normal healthy controls has been demonstrated. The EGMs of NIDDM subjects were also shown to be more susceptible to exogenously generated oxidative stress than those of normal healthy individuals. The decreased level of reactive thiol groups in the EGM of NIDDM individuals supported this observation. We propose that the presence of significant levels of non-heme iron in the EGM of NIDDM subjects is an indication of the potential for iron-catalysed production of hydroxy and other toxic radicals which could cause continuous oxidative stress and tissue damage. Oxygen free radicals could therefore be responsible for most of the erythrocyte abnormalities associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and could indeed be intimately involved in the mechanism of tissue damage in diabetic complications.

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38

Raymond, Nicole R., and Gail D'Eramo-Melkus. "Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and Obesity in the Black and Hispanic Population: Culturally Sensitive Management." Diabetes Educator 19, no. 4 (August 1993): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179301900411.

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The prevalence of diabetes is considerably higher among ethnic minorities, particularly black and Hispanic Americans, than in the nonminority white population. Obesity, a significant risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), also is more common in these ethnic groups. Because the combined effects of obesity and NIDDM can lead to potentially serious complications, overweight patients with NIDDM must be treated aggressively. However, effective treatment of these ethnic groups requires a sensitivity to and recognition of their unique cultural values. Diabetes educators and health care providers need to take into account specific ethnic beliefs, customs, food patterns, and health care practices, with the goal of incorporating these cultural factors into a practical and beneficial treatment regimen.

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39

Atabani, G. S., B. O. Saeed, E. M.-A. El Mahdi, M. E. Adam, and D. A. Hassan. "Glycated Haemoglobin and other Biochemical Parameters in Sudanese Diabetics." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 26, no. 4 (July 1989): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328902600406.

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Fasting levels of glycated haemoglobin, cholesterol and triglycerides were studied in 44 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 31 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 28 healthy Sudanese individuals. Results confirmed previous observations showing correlation of glycated haemoglobin with fasting blood glucose in NIDDM ( r=0·634; P < 0·001), and with cholesterol in IDDM ( r=0·355; P < 0·05). No correlation of glycated haemoglobin with triglycerides was observed in either group of diabetics. A negative correlation was demonstrated between glycated haemoglobin and the duration of diabetes ( r= −0·552; P < 0·01) in IDDM. It seemed that control improved in these patients as their diabetes progressed, probably through self-education.

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40

Pankiv, V. I. "Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus." Problems of Endocrinology 41, no. 3 (June 15, 1995): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11425.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases, the frequency of which is steadily increasing every year. In industrialized countries, the prevalence of DM is 4-5%. Despite the large number of existing forms of diabetes associated with various syndromes and diseases, the main ones are two that are characterized as spontaneous: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). Statistical data on the prevalence of the disease are based on the registration of a medical diagnosis of diabetes and in general reflect mainly the prevalence of spontaneous forms of IDDM and NIDDM. In 1991, 1 826 758 patients with DM were registered in the Russian Federation, of which 295 333 (16.2%) suffered from IDDM. Compared with 1990, the number of patients with diabetes increased by 5.78%. However, the figures do not reflect the actual prevalence of diabetes. The conducted epidemiological studies on the frequency of diabetes show that the true number of patients with diabetes is 3-4 times higher compared to the registered one. These include people with a mild form of NIDDM who do not need medical treatment, as well as people with impaired glucose tolerance. In these groups, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism occur in a subclinical form, and the recorded prevalence of diabetes is largely determined by the quality of the medical examination. A more accurate picture of the prevalence of various types of diabetes can be obtained only with the State Register for diabetes, its development is necessary in the near future.

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41

Balabolkin, M. I. "Status and prospects of the fight against diabetes." Problems of Endocrinology 43, no. 6 (December 15, 1997): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl19974363-9.

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Diabetes mellitus remains one of the important medical and social health problems of almost all countries of the world. The prevalence of diabetes in industrialized countries is 5-6% and has a tendency to increase. This is mainly due to the increase in patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type II diabetes). So, according to S. R. Kahn (1995), in the United States about 6-7% of the total population are patients with NIDDM. Calculations showed that in the case of an increase in the average life expectancy of up to 80 years, the number of patients with NIDDM will exceed 17% of the total population.

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42

Sevincok, L., E. Guney, A. Uslu, and F. Baklaci. "Depression in a sample of Turkish type 2 diabetes patients." European Psychiatry 16, no. 4 (June 2001): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00569-7.

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SummaryForty-one depressive and 57 nondepressive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type 2) were compared for demographic and clinical variables. The depressive patients were more likely to have a history of depression than non-depressive patients. The female patients were more likely to have depression than males. Results suggest that depression in NIDDM was only associated with female gender and previous depressive episodes.

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43

Fitzgerald, James T., Robert M. Anderson, and Wayne K. Davis. "Gender Differences in Diabetes Attitudes and Adherence." Diabetes Educator 21, no. 6 (December 1995): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179502100605.

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This study focused on three questions: Is there a difference in men's and women's diabetes attitudes? Do health professionals give different recommendations to men and women? Is there a difference between men and women in care adherence? A total of 1201 patients with diabetes were surveyed; 65% of these patients were women. Differences in diabetes attitudes (three of seven attiticdes) were most evident between men and women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). No differences were found in the attitudes of men and women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using insulin, and only one attitude was different for patients with NIDDM not using insulin. Few differences were observed in the recommendations given by health professionals to men and women. Gender differences in adherence to the components of self-care also were minimal. These findings may indicate that there are many similarities in the reactions of men and women who have been diagnosed with diabetes.

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44

Ozben, Tomris, Sabahat Nacitarhan, and Nese Tuncer. "Plasma and Urine Sialic Acid in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 32, no. 3 (May 1995): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329503200307.

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Urinary excretions of albumin, glycosaminoglycans (GAGS), total sialic acid (TSA), and lipid associated sialic acid (LASA) were measured in 78 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM) and 28 healthy subjects. TSA excretion was significantly higher in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric diabetic subjects than the control subjects and TSA excretion was correlated with urinary albumin excretion rate (AER). In normoalbuminuric diabetics, the duration of diabetes correlated significantly with both sialicaciduria and albuminuria. Although serum TSA levels were significantly higher in both diabetic groups than the control subjects, there was no correlation between serum and urinary TSA levels.

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45

Lindström, Torbjörn, Hans J. Arnqvist, Johnny Ludvigsson, and Henning H. von Schenck. "C-peptide profiles in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before and during insulin treatment." Acta Endocrinologica 126, no. 6 (June 1992): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1260477.

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of insulin treatment on insulin secretion in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Ten patients with NIDDM were first investigated while still taking oral hypoglycemic agents, and then randomized to a crossover study with two eight-week periods of insulin treatment (oral treatment having been stopped) given either as mainly intermediate-acting insulin twice daily (2-dose) or as preprandial regular insulin and intermediate-acting insulin at bedtime (4-dose). In the patients treated with oral agents the 24-h C-peptide area under the curve was similar to that in the controls, but the profile was different with a rise at breakfast but with almost absent meal peaks during the rest of the day. Insulin treatment improved glycemic control markedly, lowered urinary C-peptide excretion and the serum C-peptide concentrations being reduced by more than 50%. The shape of the C-peptide profiles was unaltered and there were no significant differences between the two insulin regimens. The decrease in serum C-peptide concentration during insulin treatment correlated with the change in blood glucose. Fasting serum C-peptide concentrations correlated closely with the 24-h C-peptide area under the curve. In conclusion, insulin treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to oral agents greatly reduces the insulin secretion, probably owing to the reduction in blood glucose.

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46

Dwyer, G. B., L. A. Kaminsky, and M. H. Whaley. "EXERCISE INTENSITY PRESCRIPTION METHODS IN NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (NIDDM)." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 5 (September 1994): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199409000-00025.

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47

Yudkin, J. S. "Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) in Asians in the UK." Diabetic Medicine 13 (September 1996): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.16.

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48

Law, C. M. "Fetal and Infant Influences on Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetic Medicine 13 (September 1996): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dme.1996.13.s6.49.

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49

Hamman, Richard F. "Genetic and environmental determinants of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." Diabetes / Metabolism Reviews 8, no. 4 (December 1992): 287–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dmr.5610080402.

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50

Elmahdi, E. M. A., A. M. A. Kaballo, and E. A. Mukhtar. "Features of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in the Sudan." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 11, no. 1 (January 1991): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(91)90142-z.

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