Academic literature on the topic 'Non-institutional credit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-institutional credit"
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Haque, Z., and T. Jinan. "Land Tenure and Credit - a Study in Selected Areas of Mymensingh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39027.
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The present study aims at investigating into the existing land tenure system and its relationship with credit at Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district. Keeping in view the objectives, 70 samples were randomly selected. The respondents have taken loan from institutional, semi institutional and non-institutional sources of credit for producing crops. The study reveals that the absentee land owner and part operator in the area have got more access to institutional sources of credit because of their ability to offer land as security. Tenants on the other hand were found to have no loan at all from the BKB because of their inability to offer collateral against loan. The tenant farmers however, were found to have access to semi institutional sources like GB and BRAC. The respondents therefore, need not be so dependent at present on money lenders and non-institutional sources of credit because of institutional and semi-institutional network present close to the study area. A lion’s share of loaned money obtained has been productively utilized by the sampled respondents irrespective of tenure categories implying the borrower’s positive attitudes towards productive utilization.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 143-150 2017
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Majumdar, C. "Institutional and Non-Institutional Credit Delivery in Hooghly, West Bengal: Who Are the Recipients?" Journal of Land and Rural Studies 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024913513384.
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Chisasa, Joseph, and Daniel Makina. "Bank Credit And Agricultural Output In South Africa: Cointegration, Short Run Dynamics And Causality." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i2.9148.
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In this paper we investigate the dynamic relationship between bank credit and agricultural output in South Africa using time series data from 1970 to 2011. Using the Johansen cointegration test, we observe bank credit and agricultural output to be cointegrated. In the long run we find credit and capital formation to have significant positive impact on agricultural output. Employing an ECM, we find that, in the short run, bank credit has a negative impact on agricultural output reflecting the uncertainties of institutional credit in South Africa. However, the ECM coefficient shows that agricultural GDP rapidly adjusts to short term disturbances indicating that there is no room for tardiness in the agricultural sector. The absence of institutional credit will be immediately replaced by availability of other credit facilities from non-institutional sources so that there is no room for possible non-application of intermediate inputs. Conventional Granger causality tests show uni-directional causality from (1) bank credit to agricultural output growth; (2) agricultural output to capital formation; (3) agricultural output to labour; (4) capital formation to credit; (5) capital formation to labour, and a bi-directional causality between credit and labour. Noteworthy is that for the agricultural sector the direction of causality is from finance to growth, i.e., supply-leading, whereas at the macroeconomic level the direction of causality is from economic growth to finance, i.e., demand-leading.
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Khutorna, Myroslava. "Institutional formation of the market for debt settlement of consumers of financial services of credit institutions in Ukraine." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 7-8 (November 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2019.7-8.18.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the content of institutional measures, the implementation of which will improve the quality of assets of credit institutions of Ukraine. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the research is formed on the basis of an institutional approach to substantiate the institutional preconditions for the functioning of the market for debt settlement of consumers of financial services of credit institutions; systematization to identify constraints and incentives for the effective use of various ways to solve the problem of non-performing bank loans; a statistical and analytical approach to quantify the level of quality of the current state of settlement of problem debt by different groups of banks in Ukraine; methods of scientific abstraction and logical generalization to describe the organizational and economic features of the formation of the market for debt settlement of consumers of financial services of different types of credit institutions of Ukraine. Findings. It is substantiated that ensuring the financial stability of credit institutions of Ukraine requires the development of a transparent market for debt settlement of consumers of financial services of credit institutions. The organizational-economic and institutional peculiarities of the formation of such a market are determined by detailing the following parameters: the legal basis of the activity of market participants; organizational form and institutional subordination of the debt management entities; administrative barriers to entry; the competitive conditions of activity of the entities for debt management and regulation of their relations with related parties; requirements for the personnel of debt management entities; the content of instruments to reduce the risks of their activities and to stimulate an increase in the volume of debt settlement of consumers of financial services of credit institutions; ways to organize debt sales; fiscal stimulus. It is proved that the most appropriate way to settle non-performing loans of state-owned banks is to involve the Deposit Guarantee Fund in this activity. This is explained by: the existence of an established mechanism for settlement of non-performing assets of liquidated banks; a well-functioning non-performing credit infrastructure that operates on the basis of transparency, uniformity of rules and public accountability; long experience of selling non-performing bank loans, including loans to related parties and corporate loans with poor quality or lack of collateral; a mechanism for independent economic investigations has been established; highly qualified specialists; no additional taxpayer spending. Originality. The institutional framework for the development of the debt management market for consumers of financial institutions of credit institutions has been improved, which, unlike the existing one, includes: substantiation of the organizational and legal framework of the activity of the debt management entity; identifying instruments for harmonizing the process of debt management from a wide range of stakeholders; disclosure of institutional and organizational features and institutional prerequisites for effective resolution of problematic debt of state-owned banks. This will help to improve the quality of consumer protection and their confidence in the monetary intermediation institution; will encourage credit institutions to improve the valuation of the market value of financial assets, including by enhancing liaison with credit bureaus. Practical value. The main provisions and conclusions of the conducted study are brought to the level of practical recommendations, take into account the current legislation and its prospective changes, and can be effectively used to solve the problems related to debt management of consumers of financial services of credit institutions in the domestic credit segment of the financial sector. Key words: credit institutions; state banks; non-performing loans; debt settlement market; debt settlement companies; institutional interaction of the entities of the debt settlement market; financial stability.
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Chуіpesh, Nataliіa, and Yuriі Belinskyi. "INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREDIT MARKET." Problems and prospects of economics and management, no. 4(36) (2023): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2023-4(36)-352-364.
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Institutional support for innovative development of the credit market is an important object of research, within the framework of which the search for effective methods, means and tools is carried out to improve the efficiency of its functioning. Analyzing the activities of the credit market, it can be noted that low efficiency of its work is largely determined by the imperfection of institutional support for the process of introducing innovative credit services.The purpose of the article is to study institutional support for innovative development of the credit market and determine their influence on the credit market development in Ukraine, which is necessary for understanding the interaction of credit market institutions, identifying factors that pro-mote or inhibit innovation and developing a strategy for creating a favorable innovation environment.Within the article, subjects of institutional support for innovative development of the credit market are studied. Considerable attention is paid to participants in the credit market in the field of innovative development, as well as to the regulatory legal acts that guide institutions in their methods of influence and regulation in the credit market, and functions of institutions are defined. Government institutions (the Na-tional Bank of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, National Securities and Stock Market Commission, Individual Deposit Guarantee Fund, Anti-monopoly Committee of Ukraine) were selected as subjects of institutional support for innovative develop-ment of the credit market. state institutions providing support for innovative activities (State Innovative Financial and Credit Institution), credit infrastructure institutions (banking and non-banking institutions, credit history bureaus, collection companies, rating agencies, credit brokers), fintech companies, educa-tional institutions (universities, scientific centers), innovative institutions (laboratories, technology parks, industrial parks, business incubators, technological hubs).The study of the influence of the above-mentioned subjects of institutional support for innovative development has become an important tool for understanding the interaction between government regulators of the credit market, credit institutions, educational institutions, innovative institutions, and fintech companies
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Shahzad, Umeair, Jing Liu, and Fukai Luo. "STOCK LIQUIDITY AND CORPORATE TRADE CREDIT STRATEGIES: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA." Journal of Business Economics and Management 23, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.15655.
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This study investigates the nexus of stock liquidity and trade-credit policies in China from 2002 to 2017. The estimates are robust to alternative proxies, various fixed-effects, and the exogenous impact of Chinese split share structure reforms (SSSR) 2005-06 is investigated through the difference-in-difference analysis. The results validate that stock liquidity significantly impacts firms’ capacity to produce more trade credit supplies and less reliant on trade credit demand. The study applied SUEST analysis to investigate the effect of the Chinese institutional setting. The nexus of stock liquidity and trade credit strategies is substantial in state-owned enterprises. Additional analysis revealed that the said association is more visible to credit-constrained and equity-reliant enterprises. The policymakers should focus on market liquidity because it elevates firms’ capacity to mobilize capital through trade credit provisions. The micro aspect of this study suggests that stock liquidity allows managers to shape non-price competitive strategies and avoid excessive usage of trade credits.
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Gopal, Supragya Krishan, and Syed H. Mazhar. "Impact of Kisan Credit Card Scheme on Farmers in Kannauj District of Uttar Pradesh, India." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 39 (October 26, 2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i394254.
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Capital is the most important input in any sector in any country, and agriculture is no exception. The agricultural sector's performance and productivity are determined by the availability of capital for farming activities. As a result, the agriculture sector requires support or credit in order to grow and survive. Agriculture credit is desperately needed to improve the agricultural sector's performance and production. Before financial reforms, the main source of agriculture credit was non-institutional sources i.e. Sahukars, Mahajanas, Moneylenders etc. and they were providing credit facility to farmer households at very high interest rates. The study was carried out in purposively selected district of Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh. The present study has made an attempt to study as the Kisan Credit Card Scheme is being implemented in the district as well as the researcher is well acquainted with the area. 158 beneficiaries and 158 non-beneficiaries were selected randomly for the current study. The main objective of present study is to investigate the challenges and issues in the adoption of Kisan credit card scheme by farmer households and how much this scheme succeed in resolving the previous issues and challenges. Credit availability for agricultural activities is the crucial input for improving the performance and productivity of the agriculture sector. The research aims to find out the sources of finance before and after the adoption of KCC Scheme opted by farmer households for availing the credit to fulfill the capital requirement of agriculture and allied activities. The analysis demonstrates a considerable favorable change in recipients' preferred source of credit following the implementation of the KCC scheme. Following the implementation of the KCC Scheme, the beneficiaries' credit sources moved from non-institutional to institutional. The Kisan Credit Card schemes revolutionized rural financing in India. This study will be extremely useful in determining the best way to distribute the KCC plan.
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Nagaraju Y, A. Sachindrababu, Nirmala S.R., and Megha Mallikarjun Doni. "Impact of Institutional Credit on the Farm Economy – Empirical Evidence from a Study in Karnataka, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 1987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.049.
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The present study was conducted to examine the effects of institutional credit on the cost, returns and profitability of farming in the Tumkur district of Karnataka State. Out of the sample of 120 respondents selected for study, sixty were borrowers of institutional credit during 2008-09 and the remaining sixty were the non-borrowers selected from the same area. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the production and income of beneficiaries with those of non-beneficiaries. The borrowing pattern showed that the per-farm amount of loan increased with increase in the size of holding. The analysis revealed that the income of beneficiary farm category was higher than that of non-beneficiaries. The per-acre production of beneficiaries with credit for paddy, ragi, groundnut, pigeonpea, arecanut and coconut was more compared to the non-beneficiaries and there was a significant difference in yields except coconut yield. The cost and return structure of major crops, viz, paddy and ragi revealed that the total cost of cultivation was to Rs.12045.11 and 11715.84 per acre respectively on borrower farms compared to Rs. 9991.4 and 10056.44 per acre on non-borrowers farms. The net returns derived from paddy and groundnut were Rs. 16,124.33 and Rs. 14,809.88 (on borrower farms) and Rs.11,132.22 and Rs. 8,771.34 (on non-borrower farms), respectively. The results have clearly demonstrated that agricultural credit has positive impact on the per acre yield of crops under study and also on farmers’ income. Thus the flow of institutional credit has resulted in improving the economy of the borrower farmers.
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Yutai, Wu. "Research on the Influence of Institutional Innovation on Non-credit Phenomena." Finance and Economics Focusing 2, no. 3 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/fef.0203014c.
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Dongping, Han, and Yu Huaiyu. "Empirical Research on the Effect of Independent Audit Opinion on Trade Credit." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 02070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125302070.
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This paper takes listed companies from 2014 to 2018 as a research sample. The results show that the independent audit opinion will affect the trade credit decision of the supplier to the enterprise. A good institutional environment can weaken the impact of non-standard independent audit opinion on the cost and scale of trade credit. And good industry environment can weaken the positive correlation between non-standard independent audit opinion and trade credit cost.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-institutional credit"
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Chatterjee, Sumon. "Small borrowers need and the credit market: a study of formal and informal market borrowing in the district of Darjeeling, West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4362.
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Sawadogo, Relwendé. "Essais sur les déterminants et les conséquences macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10493/document.
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La présente thèse est composée d’un ensemble de travaux de recherche en économie appliquée qui s’inscrivent dans le champ contemporain de l’économie de l’assurance. La thèse s’interroge sur comment les pays en développement pourraient développer davantage le secteur d’assurance afin de bénéficier des effets sur l’économie domestique. La première partie de la thèse analyse les déterminants macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance. Premièrement, les résultats montrent que l'augmentation du revenu par habitant conduit à une augmentation des primes d'assurance-vie et l’assurance-vie est un bien de luxe en Afrique Subsaharienne (chapitre 2). On trouve également des preuves que l’impact marginal du revenu dépend de la qualité de l'environnement juridique et politique. Deuxièmement, l’analyse de l’effet des IDE montre que, ceux-ci constituent un facteur clé dans l'augmentation des primes d'assurance non-vie à la fois dans les pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne (ASS) et dans les autres pays en développement (chapitre 3). Troisièmement, les activités d’assurance-vie et bancaire sont substituables en ASS, cependant les résultats indiquent une causalité unidirectionnelle allant du crédit bancaire au secteur privé vers le développement des activités d’assurance-vie (chapitre 4). La deuxième partie de la thèse analyse l’impact du développement du secteur d’assurance sur l’économie des pays en développement. Premièrement, il apparaît que le développement de l'assurance-vie a un effet positif sur la croissance économique dans les pays en développement d'une part et d'autre part, l’effet marginal de l’assurance-vie est influencé par les caractéristiques structurelles des pays (chapitre 5). Les primes d'assurance augmentent de façon significative la valeur des titres négociés sur le marché financier aussi bien avant et après la crise de 2007(chapitre 6). Troisièmement, la thèse a montré qu’il existe une relation à long terme entre le développement de l’assurance non-vie et l’ouverture commerciale et que les primes d'assurance non-vie améliorent l'ouverture au commerce international aussi bien dans les pays en développement que spécifiquement dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu (chapitre 7)This thesis is composed of a set of research in applied economics that enroll in the contemporary field of economics of insurance. The thesis analyses how developing countries could develop more the insurance sector and benefit from these effects on local economy. The first part explored the determinants of insurance development from a macroeconomic perspective. First, the results show that increase of income per capita leads to an increase in life insurance premiums and that life insurance is a luxury commodity in Sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2). We also find evidence that the marginal impact of income varies according to the quality of legal and political environment. Second, analysis of effect of the FDI inflows shows that these are a key factor in increase of non-life insurance premiums in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and in other developing countries (chapter 3). In chapter 4, the results highlighted that the activities of life insurance and banking are substitutable in SSA and, however, there is presence of unidirectional causality running from real private credit density to life insurance and insurance density. The second part of the thesis has analysed effect of development of insurance sector on economy in developing countries. First, it appears that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand marginal effect of life insurance is influenced by the structural characteristics of countries (chapter 5). In chapter 6, the results showed that the insurance premiums significantly increase stock market value traded, before as well and after the 2007's economic crisis. Finally, the thesis showed that there is a long term relationship between the development of non-life insurance and trade openness and that non-life insurance premiums improve openness to international trade as well in developing countries than specifically in low and middle income countries (chapter 7)
Books on the topic "Non-institutional credit"
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Murthy, Ranjani K., and Naila Kabeer. Compensating for Institutional Exclusion?: Lessons from Indian Government and Non-government Credit Interventions for the Poor (IDS Discussion Papers). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Non-institutional credit"
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Awazi, Nyong Princely, Martin Ngankam Tchamba, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, and Marie-Louise Tientcheu-Avana. "Farmers’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Africa: Small-Scale Farmers in Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 87–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_9.
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AbstractSmall-scale farmers’ limited adaptive capacity confronted with the adversities of climate change is a major call for concern considering that small-scale farms feed over half of the world’s population. In this light, small-scale farmers’ adaptive choices and adaptive capacity to climate change were assessed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources using a mixed research approach. Findings revealed that extreme weather events have been recurrent and small-scale farmers perceived access to land, household income, and the planting of trees/shrubs on farms (agroforestry) as the main factors influencing their capacity to adapt to climate change. Agroforestry and monoculture practices were the main adaptive choices of small-scale farmers confronted with climate change. T-test and chi-square test statistics revealed a strong non-cause-effect relationship (p < 0.001) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and different socio-economic, institutional, and environmental variables. Parameter estimates of the binomial logistic regression model indicated the existence of a strong direct cause-effect relationship (p < 0.05) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and access to credit, household income, number of farms, access to information, and access to land, indicating that these variables enhance small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change. It is recommended that policy makers examine the adaptive choices and determinants of farmers’ adaptive capacity unearthed in this chapter when formulating policies geared towards enhancing small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Romanski, Beth. "Unbundling Credit to Non-Credit." In New Models of Higher Education: Unbundled, Rebundled, Customized, and DIY, 332–65. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3809-1.ch017.
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The landscape of higher education is moving in a direction of greater variation, leaving traditional academic institutions at risk of obsolescence amidst the myriad of accessible, responsive, flexible learning opportunities increasingly represented in the global learning market. Declining confidence in the value of a college degree forces the higher education industry to open to expanded audiences and diversification of learning opportunities—including embracing the value of alternative credential programming as an institutional priority. This chapter depicts a streamlined model for generating high-quality skills-based microcredentials and professional development offerings with limited resources. To do so, a step-by-step process for identifying opportunities to leverage existing academic content to create more flexible, skills-based learning experiences will be described. The chapter will provide a framework for unbundling credit to non-credit offerings that can be adapted and replicated by other institutions seeking the same outcomes.
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Paterson, Sarah. "The Rise of Secured Credit." In Corporate Reorganization Law and Forces of Change, 109–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860365.003.0005.
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This chapter explores the way in which the shifts in the fields of finance and non-financial corporates discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 have led to changes in US secured transactions law. It examines the way in which these changes have, in turn, shifted bargaining power towards secured creditors when a debtor attempts to reorganize its debt and equity finance. However, the argument is made that this gives rise to different issues from the traditional concern for secured creditor liquidation bias when it is set in the wider organizational and institutional environment which the book has begun to examine. Turning to England, the chapter explores how the English courts have generally supported the allocation of control rights in distress to senior financial creditors. It reveals why this has, once again, made English corporate reorganization law particularly well adapted to the demands of the past decade.
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Alexander, Julie, and Phillip Giarraffa. "Use of Experiential Learning in Higher Education Today." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 59–67. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1928-8.ch004.
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One critical avenue for supporting experiential learning and learners is the award of credit through prior learning assessment and use of career pathways that are unique and individual to meet student needs and academic goals. Institutions must build on in-place practices and policies to enhance institutional infrastructure for translating non-credit coursework to certificate and degree programs, streamline internal business processes, and increase capacity through scaling to serve larger numbers of students in an effort to impact retention and completion.
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Pratap, Kumar V., and Manshi Gupta. "Moving from Bank Finance to Bond Finance—Credit Enhancement and Infrastructure Debt Funds." In Infrastructure Financing in India, 167–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198884934.003.0008.
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Abstract The main source of debt financing of infrastructure projects is bank credit, which suffers from asset–liability mismatch (ALM) as bank liabilities (deposits) are short term, while infrastructure assets are long term (the typical life of a conventional power or a road project is thirty years or more). This chapter discusses how, despite banks not being the most efficient institution for debt financing of infrastructure projects, they continue to be the major source of finance for such projects. This leads to a discussion on the twin balance sheet problem of infrastructure companies and banks, whereby high leverage of infrastructure corporates are linked to the non-performing assets (NPA) of banks. Therefore, there is utility in moving from bank financing of infrastructure to bond financing, especially after cash flows have stabilized in the operational phase of projects. Since project financing (non-recourse financing) is generally used to finance private infrastructure projects, the general credit rating for such projects is around BBB, while investment thresholds of institutional investors is AA or above. So, there is a requirement for credit enhancement of the bonds floated by these companies to make them amenable to institutional investment. In this context, the vehicle of infrastructure debt funds is also discussed.
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D'Rosario, Michael, and Calvin Hsieh. "Predicting Credit Rating Migration Employing Neural Network Models." In Natural Language Processing, 65–82. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch005.
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Credit rating migration ranks amongst the most pertinent issues concerning institutional lenders and investors alike. There are a number of studies that have employed both parametric and non-parametric methodologies to forecast credit rating migration, employing machine learning methods; and notably, artificial intelligence methods becoming increasingly popular. The present study extends upon research within the extant literature employing a novel estimation method, a neural network modelling technique, herewith the MPANN (multi-layer neural network). Consistent with the extant literature, the present article identifies that the legal framework and system of taxation enacted within a polity are pertinent to predicting rating migration. However, extending upon traditional estimation techniques the study identifies that a number of different model calibrations achieve greater predictive accuracy than traditional parametric regression. Notably, the method is able to achieve superior goodness of fit and predictive accuracy in determining credit rating migration than models employed within the extant literature.
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Himanshu, Peter Lanjouw, and Nicholas Stern. "Changing Activities, Changing Markets: Agriculture." In How Lives Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806509.003.0006.
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This chapter examines in detail the process of agricultural development in Palanpur over seven decades. It identifies the factors that have played a significant role in shaping this process. The chapter shows that the evolution of agriculture in Palanpur involved, and was shaped by, the interactions amongst multiple factors, including demographic change, expansion of irrigation, intensification of cultivation, changing cropping patterns, farm mechanization, growing non-farm employment, marketization of factors of production, and improvements in formal credit supply. The importance of interactions between agriculture and non-agriculture, as well as within agriculture, is highlighted with respect to changing cropping patterns and intensification of mechanization and irrigation. It is also seen in institutional dynamism such as, for example, the emergence of new forms of tenancy. In providing a structured description of the changing contours of agriculture, important insights are obtained into how lives and livelihoods have changed in Palanpur.
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Pashkova, Nadya, Andres Trujillo-Barrera, George Apostolakis, Gert Van Dijk, Periklis D. Drakos, and George Baourakis. "Business Management Models of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Africa." In African Studies, 76–98. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3019-1.ch004.
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In this study, the authors analyse the socioeconomic, political and geographic conditions that are conducive of cooperative microfinance initiatives in comparison with other organizational forms in Africa. They distinguish three types of institutions (MFIs) and business models: cooperatives/credit unions, non-profit or non-governmental (NGOs and commercial banks). To analyse the enabling environment for the three business models three types of factors are distinguished: macroeconomic policy, institutional, and geographical. Multinomial logistic regression is applied to investigate the impact of these external conditions. The authors use data on 1790 MFIs in selected African countries (MIX Market) and global socioeconomic data of these countries. Their findings reveal that irrespective geographic location, cooperatives feature in countries with civil law systems, low inflation rates and high levels of economic growth. Commercial MFIs (banks) feature particularly in the countries with common law legal systems. NGO type MFIs are associated with high inflation rates and low levels of economic growth.
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Breckenridge, Courtney, Mary Ettling, Tony Fuhrmann, Robert P. Dixon, and Wyatt E. Bridger. "Alternative Digital Credentials in Higher Education." In Innovations in the Design and Application of Alternative Digital Credentials, 131–44. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7697-7.ch006.
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Alternative digital credentials (ADCs), also known as digital badges, demonstrate great promise as a strategy for closing the skills gap and supporting the alignment of industry skills with traditional and nontraditional higher education programs. The authors seek to highlight advances in ADC development in a public university setting, demonstrating how higher education institutions can weave ADCs into both traditional classrooms and larger community initiatives such as workforce development and non-credit offerings. The chapter details the institution's ADC pathway from conception to a workforce development project awarded in response to the COVID-19 pandemic including key project objectives, strategies, and best practices. The authors also discuss the use of existing learning resources and tools such as EMSI, Jove, and augmented reality technology, including learner reviews from current program participants. Finally, institutional strategies for prior learning assessment and integration of digital badges into undergraduate degree programs are discussed.
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Dale, Peter, and John McLaughlin. "Economic Issues in Land Administration." In Land Administration. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233909.003.0015.
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Land is of such fundamental importance that the land administration function has tended to be taken for granted. Increasingly, however, there is a debate as to how much money should be allocated to this area and with what priority. A host of concerns have been raised with respect to: 1. documenting the benefits and costs of titling and registration projects; 2. financing the construction and ongoing management of land administration infrastructure; 3. developing appropriate pricing strategies and policies for land administration services and products; and 4. examining the economic issues associated with determining the most effective roles for government and the private sector in the land administration field. Where more fundamental assessment of the role of real property has taken place, two schools of thought have emerged that are not mutually exclusive. The first has been based on traditional arguments for detailed a priori benefit/cost assessments (factoring in both quantifiable and non-quantifiable variables); the second and more recent has argued for minimal initial investment in the infrastructure, leaving it to market forces to dictate subsequent developments. The classic work of Gershon Feder and his World Bank colleagues on assessing the benefits of titling and registration has recently been reported in Feder and Nishio (1998). Feder developed a conceptual framework for the economics of land registration, initially in the context of a study on rural Thailand (Feder et al 1988). Two links between titles and economic performance were highlighted: the enhancement of tenure security and the role of titles in collateral arrangements that would facilitate access to institutional credit. Feder’s conceptual framework for evaluating landownership security and farm productivity is illustrated in Figure 11.1. Using empirical evidence from rural Thailand, Feder and his team compared the economic performance of two groups of farmers: one group was without legal titles and operated in forest reserves while the another group had legal titles and operated outside the forest reserve boundaries. Study sites were selected from four provinces, with the comparative groups operating in geographical proximity and within a similar agrarian and climatic environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-institutional credit"
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Fırat, Emine, and Ekrem Erdem. "Recent Developments in the Banking Sector following the Global Crisis: The Effects of Regulations in the Banking Sector in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00969.
Full textAbstract:
Banking sector is susceptible to the social and economic events. With accelerating of the globalization movement in the world, financial crises experienced not only affected one sector, but also showed itself in the world. After financial crises, while banks face to the great hazards, on the other hand, they caught opportunities. For example, the spread of the approach of non-interest banking in the world led Islamic finance sector to grow. The Turkish banking sector, after 2000 November Crisis and 2001February Crisis, also experienced a rapid change process. In the recent years, the structures and banking understandings in the banks in our country changed. In the institutional meaning, a number of innovations, positive or negative, concerning the bank staff and customers, were conducted. As of October 8, 2013, with regulations published in official newspaper, the code on credit cards and banking cards was amended. The regulations conducted, economic and political events engaging in the agenda, and unexpected increase in the exchange rate caused the banks to be influenced and to react rapidly. In our study, the effects of the regulations conducted in the recent times and the economic fluctuations experienced on banking sector were studied. The state of banking sector in Turkey and the regulations conducted in the banking sector were studied in detail, basically using the observation method and by means of examples. As a result in Turkey, in order to provide the economic stability and to be able to sustain it, the banking sector should be powerful.