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1
Thomas, Helen, and thomash27@hotmail com. "Resilience in Australian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Adolescents." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080528.161807.
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Resilience (positive adaptation despite exposure to risk or adversity) is a widely researched construct, yet it has not been examined systematically with Australian Indigenous adolescents despite their high level of risk. Indigenous adolescents experience disproportionate disadvantage and associated poorer health and well-being compared with their non-Indigenous peers. Thus the protective factors or predictors of resilience that ameliorate the negative effects of risk in this subgroup are important to explore. Adolescence is a critical period for examining resilience given the increased vulnerability to mental health problems during this time. Of interest to this thesis are the psychosocial predictors of resilience (protective factors), which act to ameliorate the negative effects of stress. Three widely established protective factors were examined: Coping skills, social support, and multidimensional self-concept. These protective factors were compared in a sample of 304 Australian non-Indigenous (n = 245) and Indigenous (n = 59) adolescents, aged 12-18 years. Using a methodological framework developed for this study resilience was assessed by examining stress (negative stressful life events and daily hassles) and adaptation (internalising, externalising and other mental health symptoms). Participants were classified into four resilience groups based on their stress (high or low) and adaptation (positive or negative): resilient (high stress, positive adaptation), negative expected (high stress, negative adaptation), positive expected (low stress, positive adaptation), or poor copers (low stress, negative adaptation). Results were examined separately for non-Indigenous and Indigenous participants. The two cultural groups were then compared. Results revealed that higher stress was strongly associated with more internalising, externalising and other mental health problems. The impact of daily hassles was a strong predictor of adaptation, particularly for Indigenous participants. Indigenous participants reported higher levels of stress and more negative adaptation than non-Indigenous participants. Three coping methods were examined: Solving the Problem, Reference to Others and Non-Productive coping. Solving the Problem coping was a strong predictor of positive adaptation and resilience for non-Indigenous adolescents but not for Indigenous adolescents. No cultural differences in Solving the Problem coping were revealed. Reference to Others was found to be a maladaptive coping method in relation to resilience. Non-Productive coping (e.g., avoidance and substance use) was also found to be maladaptive, and used more by Indigenous than non-Indigenous participants. Social support only predicted resilience for non-Indigenous participants in conditions of very high stress. Contrary to expectations, social support did not discriminate among the Indigenous resilience groups and no significant cultural differences were revealed. Self-concept was strongly related to resilience and positive adaptation for non-Indigenous participants, although not for Indigenous participants. Cultural comparisons, however, revealed that positive self-concept was associated with positive adaptation for both groups. While differences between non-Indigenous and Indigenous participants on several self-concept domains were revealed, the total self-concept of non-Indigenous and Indigenous participants did not differ. The results of this study revealed both similarities and differences in the relationships between the three predictors investigated and the resilience of non-Indigenous and Indigenous adolescents. The findings make some progress toward informing culturally appropriate interventions to promote and strengthen the resilience of Indigenous young people.
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Sheath, Danny. "Ecological consequences of indigenous and non-indigenous freshwater fish parasites." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2016. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/25014/.
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Parasites can have considerable consequences for their freshwater fish hosts, irrespective of whether they are intermediate or final hosts. The ecological consequences of infection arise from processes including parasite manipulation, where the parasite manipulates the host to increase their chance of transmission to the next host in the lifecycle, and parasite-mediated competition, where a consequence of infection is an alteration in the symmetry of competition between hosts and their uninfected conspecifics, or with other species. Whilst there is a great deal of existing knowledge on some of these consequences, there also remain some considerable knowledge gaps. This research covered the role of parasite exposure and water temperature on infection consequences, the foraging responses of fishes to intermediate hosts of the fish parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis that has an indigenous and non-indigenous range in Great Britain, the ecological consequences of this parasite for some freshwater fishes across these ranges, the issue of ‘enemy release’ and ‘parasite acquisition’ in introduced freshwater fishes, and the ecological consequences of infection by some native parasites for native freshwater fish. When the freshwater fish chub (Squalius cephalus) was exposed to different levels of intermediate hosts (Gammarus pulex) of P. laevis under two water temperature treatments, ambient and warmed, it revealed this interaction had considerable consequences for both parasite prevalence and the infection parameters. Whilst parasite prevalence was substantially higher at the elevated temperature, where infections did develop at lower temperatures, they were associated with fewer but larger parasites resulting in significantly higher parasite burdens, indicating complex consequences for host-parasite relationships under conditions of warming. Studies into parasite manipulation have frequently used the P. laevis: G. pulex parasite-intermediate host system for investigating how infections can result in behavioural modifications to the host that then results in their elevated risk of being predated by a fish. Here, comparative behavioural functional response experiments were used to test differences in the consumption rates of three fishes exposed to either uninfected or infected G. pulex, testing the hypothesis that the consumption rate of infected G. pulex would be significantly higher. The Type II functional response curves indicated that the results of the experiments were contrary to this hypothesis, with subsequent behavioural and foraging experiments also supporting these results. These counter-intuitive outcomes were also contrary to most other studies that suggested a parasite would manipulate its intermediate host in a way that promotes its transmission to a final host and facilitating the continuation of its life cycle. The reasons for these outputs were discussed as likely to relate to different selection pressures in this host-parasite system, given this is a generalist parasite with a wide range of potential fish final hosts. This was revealed by studies on this parasite from four fish species from five rivers that demonstrated high parasite prevalence in all species studied and suggested that small-bodied fishes, such as bullhead Cottus gobio, might play important roles in the P. laevis lifecycle. These prevalences, and the pathological consequences of the P. laevis infections, were also consistent across their indigenous and non-indigenous range, suggesting parasite origin had minimal consequences on their virulence and on the susceptibility of hosts to infection. That parasite origin often has minimal ecological consequences for their ecological impacts was reinforced by work on the ‘enemy release hypothesis’ in non-native fish in England and Wales. This revealed very few non-native parasites had been introduced with their non-native fish hosts. Those that had been introduced tended to be specialist parasites with direct lifecycles that had little opportunity to be transmitted to native fishes. Instead, the acquisition of native parasites by the non-native fishes was frequently observed, leading to potential concerns these fish would act as reservoir hosts and spill-back the parasites to the native fishes. Given the low probability of parasite introduction, the ecological consequences of three native parasites with complex lifecycles were then tested on three native fishes, and revealed consistent patterns of trophic niche divergence between infected and uninfected population sub-groups. Whilst the actual mechanism underpinning this, such as parasite-mediated competition, could not be tested, these results did reveal that the consequences of infection can be far-reaching for hosts and can be measured through a variety of methodologies. In summary, the research provided some comprehensive insights into many aspects of the pathological and ecological consequences of infection for some freshwater fishes from native/ non-native and indigenous/ non-indigenous parasites. In doing so, it has raised a series of new questions and hypotheses for further investigation, with the host-parasite systems used here capable of answering these.
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Derrane, Sarah. "Assessing Risks to Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Values in Forest Management." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26317.
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au, K. Trees@murdoch edu, and Kathryn A. Trees. "Narrative and co-existence : mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories." Murdoch University, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070125.94722.
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Ths thesis demonstrates how theory and praxis may be integrated within a
postcolonial, or more specifically, anticolonial frame. It argues for the necessity of
telling, listening and responding to personal narratives as a catalyst for
understanding the construction of identities and their relationship to place. Tlus is
acheved through a theorisation of narrative and a critique of postcolonialism.
Three 'sites' of contestation are visited to provide this critique: the "Patterns of
Life: The Story of the Aboriginal People of Western Australia" exhibition at the
Perth Museum; a comparison of Western Australian legislation that governed the
lives of Aboriginal people from 1848 to the present and, the life story of Alice
Nannup; and, an analysis of the Australian Institute Judicial Association's
"Aboriginal Culture: Law and Change" seminar for magistrates. Most
importantly, this work foregrounds strategies for negotiating a just basis for coexistence
between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.
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Trees, Kathryn A. "Narrative and co-existence: mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories." Trees, Kathryn A. (1998) Narrative and co-existence: mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/366/.
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This thesis demonstrates how theory and praxis may be integrated within a postcolonial, or more specifically, anticolonial frame. It argues for the necessity of telling, listening and responding to personal narratives as a catalyst for understanding the construction of identities and their relationship to place. This is achieved through a theorisation of narrative and a critique of postcolonialism. Three 'sites' of contestation are visited to provide this critique: the Patterns of Life: The Story of the Aboriginal People of Western Australia exhibition at the Perth Museum; a comparison of Western Australian legislation that governed the lives of Aboriginal people from 1848 to the present and, the life story of Alice Nannup; and, an analysis of the Australian Institute Judicial Association's Aboriginal Culture: Law and Change seminar for magistrates. Most importantly, this work foregrounds strategies for negotiating a just basis for coexistence between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.
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Trees, Kathryn Angela. "Narrative and co-existence: Mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories." Thesis, Trees, Kathryn Angela (1998) Narrative and co-existence: Mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/366/.
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This thesis demonstrates how theory and praxis may be integrated within a postcolonial, or more specifically, anticolonial frame. It argues for the necessity of telling, listening and responding to personal narratives as a catalyst for understanding the construction of identities and their relationship to place. This is achieved through a theorisation of narrative and a critique of postcolonialism. Three 'sites' of contestation are visited to provide this critique: the Patterns of Life: The Story of the Aboriginal People of Western Australia exhibition at the Perth Museum; a comparison of Western Australian legislation that governed the lives of Aboriginal people from 1848 to the present and, the life story of Alice Nannup; and, an analysis of the Australian Institute Judicial Association's Aboriginal Culture: Law and Change seminar for magistrates. Most importantly, this work foregrounds strategies for negotiating a just basis for coexistence between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.
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Trees, Kathryn Angela. "Narrative and co-existence : mediating between indigenous and non-indigenous stories /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 1998. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070125.94722.
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Andrews, Sonia. "A study of health inequality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1418.
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The health disadvantage of Indigenous people in Australia has been recognised for a long time. The reasons for this poor health status are considered to be complex and multi-faceted. Socioeconomic status, socio-cultural factors, access to quality healthcare, environmental factors and risky behaviours are considered the major factors affecting Indigenous health. Despite this, very little progress has been made in reducing the health inequality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.This thesis examines the health inequality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. First, the thesis investigates the gap in subjective and objective health outcomes between the two populations. The health outcomes include self-assessed health, chronic diseases and injury. Second, it looks at the relative contribution of four factors to the low health status of Indigenous Australians, viz.: demographic, behavioural, socio-economic and cultural. Third, as the Indigenous population is not a homogenous group, the thesis analyses separately the health status of different groups relative to non-Indigenous people. Fourth, the extent of association of each of the four factors to the health outcomes is examined. In addition, similar analyses are undertaken for healthcare utilisation.The thesis finds that only a minor proportion of the gap in health outcomes can be explained by observable demographic, behavioural and socio-economic characteristics. The removal of Indigenous people from their natural families (especially that of relatives) as part of the ‘assimilation policy’ is a major contributing factor to the health status gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. The better socio-economic and behavioural status enjoyed by Indigenous people who experienced removal from their natural families does not improve their health status compared to those who did not experience any removal. Policies to address the trauma and grief associated with past policies of removal are needed if the gap in health status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians is to be closed.
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Nguyen, Chau Nien. "Survey, collection and characterization of indigenous and non-indigenous cucurbits in Vietnam." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17567.
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Die Pflanzenfamilie Cucurbitaceae ist sehr vielfältig und viele Arten haben eine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Die Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich auf die Analyse von Cucurbitaceen im Rahmen des Gemüseanbaus; auf die Sammlung von Keimplasma im südlichen Vietnam; die Charakterisierung von Akzessionen der Cucurbitaceen; und die Ermittlung von stabilen Merkmalen zur Klassifizierung von Akzessionen des Bitterkürbis. Es erfolgte eine Umfrage im Mekong Delta zur Verbreitung von Cucurbitaceen; es wurden Akzessionen im südlichen Vietnam für die Genebank gesammelt; 160 Akzessionen von fünf gesammelten Arten der Cucurbitaceen wurden anhand von morphologischen Eigenschaften analysiert. Eine Berechnung der Eigenvektoren, UPGMA Methode und 3D-bi-Plots machte die Beziehungen zwischen den Akzessionen sichtbar; 28 Eigenschaften von sieben Bitterkürbiss Akzessionen wurden hinsichtlich der Merkmalsstabilität unter Freiland- und Gewächshausbedingungen bewertet. Es wurden der ‚Two-sample‘ Test, Korrelationstest und UPGMA Methode zur Ermittlung der Stabilität morphologischer Merkmale herangezogen. Bei den Befragungen wurde ermittelt, dass 9 Arten von Cucurbitaceen für den Markt angebaut wurden, mehr als 45% Bauern kultivierten Cucurbitaceen auf 56,5% der für den Gemüseanbau genutzten Fläche. Es wurden 244 Akzessionen mit 14 Arten der Cucurbitaceen die zu 12 Gattungen gehörten in 24 Provinzen im südlichen Vietnam gesammelt, wesentliche Informationen zu ihrer genetischen Beziehung sind verfügbar. Es wurde deutlich, dass 12 Merkmale zur stabilen Charakterisierung des Bitterkürbis geeignet sind und damit zur Einschätzung der genetischen Beziehungen zwischen den Akzessionen.Cucurbitaceae is highly diverse and many species in this plant family are of economic importance. The study was focused to analyse cucurbit species in vegetable cultivation; to collect cucurbit germplasm in southern Vietnam; to characterize cucurbit germplasm; and to determine the stable characteristics for classifying bitter gourd accessions. A survey was carried out in Mekong River Delta; Cucurbit germplasm was collected in southern Vietnam; 160 accessions of five collected cucurbit species were analysed based on morphological characteristics. Calculating the eigenvectors, UPGMA method, and 3D bi-plots resulted in clear relationships of the accessions; 28 characteristics of seven bitter gourd accessions were evaluated for its stability in two different growing conditions. Two-sample test, correlation test, and UPGMA method were used to determine the stable characteristics. In result of this study, 9 cucurbit species cultivated for commercial market were determined, whereas more than 45% farmers produced cucurbits. Land used for cultivating cucurbits covered 56.5% of total area of vegetable cultivation. 244 accessions of 14 cucurbit species belonging to 12 Cucurbitaceae genera were collected in 24 provinces in southern Vietnam. The evaluated characteristics provided essential information for understanding the genetic relationships of the accessions that were collected in different regions. Regarding stable characteristics, these data suggested that 12 characteristics were useful for evaluating genetic relationships of bitter gourd accessions.
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Phillips, Jean. "Resisting contradictions : non-Indigenous pre-service teacher responses to critical Indigenous studies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46071/1/Donna_Phillips_Thesis.pdf.
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The study examines non-Indigenous pre-service teacher responses to the authorisation of Indigenous knowledge perspectives in compulsory Indigenous studies with a primary focus on exploring the nature and effects of resistance. It draws on the philosophies of the Japanangka teaching and research paradigm (West, 2000), relationship theory (Graham, 1999), Indigenist methodologies and decolonisation approaches to examine this resistance. A Critical Indigenist Study was employed to investigate how non-Indigenous pre-service teachers managed their learning, and how they articulated shifts in resistance as they progressed through their studies. This study explains resistance to compulsory Indigenous and how it can be targeted by Indigenist Standpoint Pedagogy. The beginning transformations in pre-service teacher positioning in relation to Australian history, contemporary educational practice, and professional identity was also explored.
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Brady, Wendy. "Indigenous Australians and non-indigenous education in New South Wales, 1788-1968." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12822.
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TAPIA, KRISCIA ANGELES. "Northern Territory Indigenous and Non-Indigenous women: Mammographic density profiles and breast screening characteristics." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21989.
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Background: Indigenous Australians have lower breast cancer rates but higher mortality rates compared with other women. With evidence of ethnic variations in MD globally, investigating MD in Indigenous women may provide insight into optimising diagnosis and care for an underserved population. Aims: To investigate the MD and BreastScreen attendance of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in the NT and assess the diagnostic efficacy of radiologists in cases with varying breast densities. Methods: Indigenous status, age, postcode, HRT, family history of breast cancer, symptoms and language spoken at home from self-reported 857 Indigenous and 3236 non-Indigenous women were analysed for associations with MD (study 1) and screening attendance (study 2). ROC analyses were used to determine cut-off points for age and numbers of screening visits. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine odds ratios and p≤0.05 were considered significant. In study 3, mammography test scores of 273 radiologists were assessed on low MD (LMD) vs high MD (HMD) cases. Sensitivity, lesion sensitivity, specificity, ROC and JAFROC FOM were compared using Mann-Whitney U or unpaired t-tests. Results: MD was lower for Indigenous women. For non-Indigenous women, HMD was associated with ≤55 years of age, no family history of breast cancer, speaking mainly English, and living remotely. For Indigenous women, HMD was associated with younger age. Indigenous women have fewer visits to screening and non-English speaking was mainly associated for Indigenous women only. Remoteness was associated with fewer visits for non-Indigenous women only. Shared predictors were ≤55 years and no family history of breast cancer. Radiologists had better lesion sensitivity and specificity in LMD vs HMD cases in 3 of 5 tests. ROC and JAFROC were better in LMD vs HMD cases for 1 of 5 tests. Conclusions: Indigenous women have lower MD and lower attendance to BreastScreen than non-Indigenous women. Breast cancer detection is more effective in LMD cases indicating that Indigenous women would benefit from better program engagement given their density profile and high death rates from breast cancer.
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Baldetti, Herrera Carlos. "Acceptability of nickel extraction between indigenous and non-indigenous communities of El Estor, Izabal, Guatemala." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348342.
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In 1971 the company Exmibal, called today CGN, got a concession for the extraction of nickel in El Estor. Ten years later, Exmibal cancelled its work. Now, Exmibal is trying to return to El Estor. The opinion of rural populations affected by this extraction was not clear. The purpose of this research was to determine and compare the level of acceptability of nickel extraction between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities. The level of acceptability was tested throughout eliciting cultural domains, and then comparing the level of acceptability using the Chi-Square test. The relation of this acceptability with locally perceived socioeconomic and environmental benefits and constraints was also identified. The elicitation of domains established the priority of water, animals, wood and trees for the communities, placing nickel extraction in fifth place of salience and relating it mostly with natural resources destruction, employment and land expropriation. Comparing the level of acceptability, indigenous communities do not accept the work of the Company while the non-indigenous community accepts it.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Larson, Daniel. "Non-indigenous freshwater plants : patterns, processes and risk evaluation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200715.pdf.
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Choi, Francis Ming Pong. "Assessing intertidal marine non-indigenous species in Canadian ports." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36924.
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The establishment of non-indigenous species in natural ecosystems is a growing concern at global, national, and regional scales. Over 100 known marine non-indigenous species (NIS) are found along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada. It is widely believed that commercial shipping activities associated with international ports (e.g. ballast water discharge, hull fouling) could expose native communities to a variety of NIS. Thus, harbours are recognized as critical entry points for NIS and, pending establishment, can serve as invasion hubs for secondary dispersal vectors (e.g. recreational boats). The aim of this study was to characterize intertidal NIS distributions among ports on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Canada and to determine if commercial shipping activities (ballast water discharge, vessel arrivals) can be directly linked to the observed patterns of established NIS. Sixteen major international ports in Canada were surveyed for species composition and abiotic conditions, including both environmental and anthropogenic factors. Species diversity for both NIS and native species were found to be significantly different between the Pacific and the Atlantic intertidal communities. Although both NIS and native species had higher diversity on the Pacific coast, the Invasion index, a novel measurement of the degree of invasion developed in this thesis, demonstrated that the Atlantic coast was actually more invaded by NIS than the Pacific.
No direct link was found between commercial shipping activities and the distribution patterns of established intertidal NIS in Canadian ports. Instead, NIS distributions were found to be strongly related to salinity, sediment type, human population, aquaculture and latitude on the Pacific coast and human disturbance at docks, latitude and salinity on the Atlantic coast. In contrast to what was previously suggested, these results demonstrated that ballast water discharge and vessel arrival frequency were not detected as the main variables towards NIS establishment success. However, this study highlighted the importance of environmental conditions and local anthropogenic vectors in the establishment of NIS in new regions. Future research in conservation and management of invaded communities should include environmental conditions and the risk posed by anthropogenic activities, in addition to commercial shipping, when characterizing invasion dynamics.
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Baccanello, Simon. "Time to reconcile : in search of a 'middle way' ; indigenous and non-indigenous relations in Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsb116.pdf.
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Blakesley, Simon C. "Remote and unresearched : a contextualized study of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Yukon Indigenous communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24852.
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This study engages in a critical analysis of the lived experiences of non-Indigenous educational leaders working in Indigenous communities in the Yukon Territory, Canada. It sheds light on the epistemic and cross-cultural tensions underpinning much of the literature on educational leadership, and aims to address Walker and Dimmock’s (2000) concern that studies of comparative education have been generally absent from educational leadership and management, thereby limiting the available body of knowledge specific to culture and leadership.
The study focuses on five questions: How do non-Indigenous Yukon principals construct their professional identity and their role as educational leaders? How do they construct their notions of educational leadership and practice? Given the Yukon’s distinct governance and policy contexts, how do they construct understandings of ‘indigeneity’ in relation to local Indigenous culture? How do they address the tensions arising at the juncture of policies imported from outside the Yukon and the Yukon Education Act (1990)?
A critical ethnographic research approach is used to shed light upon these questions. Extensive semi-structured interviews with two male and two female participants in four Yukon schools are conducted. Detailed observations create unique ‘portraits’ of each school and their principals. Pertinent documents are also examined to provide further information and context.
This examination suggests that non-Indigenous Yukon principals are caught at the center of micro (school), meso (community), and macro (government) operational and policy levels that powerfully shape their professional identities and their perceptions of their roles as principals. While referred to as ‘educational leaders’ by the extant body of literature and governments, they do not use this term in their identity constructions. Trapped betwixt and between their schools, communities, and government policies in a fragmented Yukon educational field, instead they refer to themselves in managerial and administrative ways as they juggle educational ends mandated by distinct, and somewhat competing, jurisdictions.
This study presents another lens through which to examine educational leadership, and offers insights into the use of ethnographic methods as a powerful research tool. Based on these contributions, this study should be informative to current and future practitioners and scholars of education and educational leadership.
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Dunham, Amy. "Towards Collaboration: Partnership Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians in Art from 1970 to the Present." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1306498911.
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Robinson, Jocelyne Virginia. "Algonquin Ekwânamo matrix project : "a place to interface", for elders, indigenous scientists/non-indigenous scientists, indigenous knowledge systems and western science systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55935.
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This research is consistent with literature that states there are inequities relating to the under-representation of Indigenous students in the subjects of math, science and technology in education as compared to Non-Indigenous people in Canada. The analysis of nine in-depth interviews and the process of documentary explores two questions that this thesis aims to address: From the perspectives and dialogues of three Elders, three Indigenous scientists, and three Non-Indigenous scientists who have contemplated the ways to address the tensions between Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Western Science Systems: What are the educational possibilities, challenges, and benefits of having these systems interface? How can art, technology and dialogue be mediums for exploring the interface between these systems so that Indigenous learners may be motivated to participate in both knowledge systems? An interplay between three theoretical, methodological frameworks of Indigenous Storywork (Archibald, 2008a, 2008b), Irwin in A/r/tography (Irwin & Springgay, 2008), Implicate Order (Bohm, 2007) and through the development of a fourth theoretical, methodological framework the Algonquin Ekwânamo Matrix Project shape this research. Four themes emerged from this analysis: [1] Language and Story as Tools for Critical Thinking [2] Culture and Ecological Mindfulness in Kinships with Nature and All Living Entities [3] Identity and Relevance in Education as Seeing Ourselves in Academia [4] Presence and Wholistic Learning From the Heart. Four A’s Strategies emerged from the in-depth interviews in relation to the four themes that may incite new ways for building complementary relationships in science education: The first is Activating Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Knowledge Encounters Through Dialogue; second is Aligning Indigenous Knowledge Interfaces Through Dialogical Strategies; third is Applying Indigenous Knowledge and Western Science Interfacing Through Co-created Strategies in Bohmian Dialogue and First Nations Circles; and fourth is Anticipating Innovative Knowledge Enhancements through decentralized think tank groups that align with Indigenous culturally competent ways for accessing well being. This research study helped develop the Algonquin Ekwânamo Matrix Project’s theoretical and methodological framework that foreground the need to address the global ecological crisis through meaningful dialogue, respectful relationships and a new science paradigm that reflects wholistically art, science, diverse philosophies and perspectives.Education, Faculty of
Graduate
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Eckersley, Mark. "Signposts and messagesticks: An ethnographic study of non-indigenous drama teachers’ engagement with an indigenous drama text." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/c794a0bbc920b0dccbd1d1d653692286e42558ad76312d10462327ff49fa9c66/3588331/Eckersley_2019_Signposts_and_messagesticks_an_ethnographic_study.pdf.
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The purpose of this ethnographic study is to investigate how non-Indigenous Australian secondary drama teachers engage with an Australian Indigenous drama text. Some studies, such as those of Moriarty (1995) and Harrison and Greenfield (2011), have focused on the implementation and teaching of ‘Aboriginal Studies’ and ‘Aboriginal Culture’. There is a gap in scholarly literature relating to the way teachers engage with Indigenous Australian perspectives and texts. In this research, I address the following question: ‘How do non-Indigenous Victorian secondary school drama teachers (NIVSSDTs) engage with Indigenous Australian drama texts and what effects does this have on ‘ways of seeing’ that develops knowledge and understanding?’ Ethnographic and case study research is used to examine how non-Indigenous Victorian secondary school drama teachers (NIVSSDTs) perceive and make sense of an Indigenous Australian drama text. A case study was conducted that included four NIVSSDTs in an ethnographic study of their teaching of an Indigenous drama text. Data collection was based on three data collection methods. First, semi-structured interviews with each of the four NIVSSDTs were undertaken. Second, visual journals of the NIVSSDTs were examined. Finally, discussion in forums involving the participants took place. The case design was informed by Indigenous Australian Aboriginal pedagogy of cultural interface as represented in the eight-stage model of Yunkaporta (2009) and the work on privileging Indigenous Australian ‘ways of Knowing’ by Rigney (1997), Smith (1999), Nakata (2003), Foley (2002) and Blair (2015). Important also to the data analysis were ‘theories of visuality’, especially the conceptual frameworks of reception theory (Hall 1980). Findings from the study were that NIVSSDTs primarily adopt hegemonic or negotiated operating positions especially when concentrating on exam criteria. Negotiated positioning is more evident when NIVSSDTs concentrate on story, themes and contexts. NIVSSDTs tended to aestheticise, objectify and engage with Indigenous Australian cultures positioning Indigenous ‘ways of Knowing’ on the periphery of Western knowledge constructs. Lack of meaningful consultation with Indigenous Australian knowledge holders is also evident. The significance of my research lies in its contribution to knowledge about social, cultural and political issues surrounding Non-Indigenous teachers’ engagement with Indigenous cultures and ‘ways of Knowing'.
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Ryan, Nicole R. "Closing the Gap: Understanding why Indigenous people are more at risk of reincarceration than non-Indigenous people." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389691.
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More than 25 years after Australia received the recommendations handed down by the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody (RCIADIC) Australia’s Indigenous people are still being incarcerated at disproportionate rates compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, regardless of the attempts made by government to reduce the over-representation of Indigenous people in Australia’s prisons. Scholars have studied prisoner reentry for many years, during which time several risk and protective factors of reincarceration have been identified. However, limited research has examined beyond the question of whether Indigenous people are more likely to return to prison compared to non-Indigenous people. While we know Indigenous people are over-represented at the back-end of the criminal justice system, as more Indigenous people return to prison, and return faster than non-Indigenous people, we have little empirical understanding as to why –Why are Australia’s Indigenous people compared to non-Indigenous people more at risk of reincarceration? The present thesis seeks to unpack this question and develop a better understanding of why Indigenous people are more at risk of reincarceration post-release than non-Indigenous people. In total, three studies using a combination of descriptive, Cox proportional hazard regressions, logistic regressions, chi-square and t-test analyses were conducted with 1238 Queensland Indigenous (n = 303) and non-Indigenous (n = 935) people.
The first study (Chapter 3) expands our understanding by: (a) examining group differences in characteristics within and between reincarcerated and successfully reintegrated people post-release for both groups; (b) identifying whether Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous people are more likely to be reincarcerated post-release; and (c) identifying whether any difference in risk of reincarceration can be partially explained by Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples’ social experiences prior-to-prison, and/or their prison-life experiences. Results suggests that while there are group differences in characteristics between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, prison-life experiences can explain little to none of the difference in risk of reincarceration that exists between the two groups. Instead, evidence indicates the difference in risk of reincarceration can largely be explained by Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples’ static risk factors—those that occurred before incarceration (i.e. demographic, prior criminal history, and social experiences prior-to-incarceration). However, considering risk factors can potentially affect other risk factors, it is possible that by using a single statistical model that controls for Indigenous status any interactive effects with Indigenous status may have been masked.
Study two (Chapter 4) expands on current empirical evidence in four ways. First, study two examines whether racial specific and racial neutral risk factors of reincarceration are present for Indigenous and/or non-Indigenous people. Results found evidence of racial specific risk factors of reincarceration being present for both groups. With evidence suggesting prisoner visitation is a racial specific protective factor against reincarceration for non-Indigenous people only. Study two further explored the visitation-reincarceration relationship to identify (a) if group differences in who gets visited exist; (b) whether there were differences in time to reincarceration for visited prisoners compared to non-visited prisoners; and (c) whether differences in visitation could be explained by social demographic circumstances prior-to-prison, criminal history, and travel distance for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Evidence showed differences between groups in the amount people w ere visited, time to reincarceration for visited and non-visited prisoners, and in the likelihood of who got visited.
Study three (Chapter 5) further develops our understanding of why Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous people are more at risk of reincarceration in three ways: (a) by examining whether risk of reincarceration for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people differ by residential location (i.e. city/urban vs rural/remote); (b) identifying how community disadvantage, remoteness, and accessing services post-release effects Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples’ risk of reincarceration; and (c) by exploring what support services are accessed post-release and by who. Results indicated that residential location does not affect risk of reincarceration for either group and no relationship was identified between community disadvantage and reincarceration for non-Indigenous people. However, results showed community disadvantage to be a protective factor against reincarceration for Indigenous people. Finally, evidence also indicated there are group differences in who accessed services post-release.
Collectively, the three studies presented in this thesis make a significant contribution to existing empirical knowledge of Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples’ risk of reincarceration. Each study builds on the previous, adding a new piece of the puzzle to what is a complex and multifaceted problem. Overall, the evidence presented in this thesis further demonstrates why it is important for re-entry programs to not only be individually tailored, but also tailored to one’s local environment and culture. The dissertation concludes with a discussion and synthesis of the overall research findings, limitations, and suggestions for future reentry research with Indigenous people in Chapter 6.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Crim & Crim Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Megaw, Charles Clarke. "Engaging the grassroots : indigenous non-governmental organisations in northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266235.
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Slabbert, Etienne. "Microbial communities of riparian ecotone invaded by non-indigenous Acacias." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20367.
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Tsutsui, Hiroshi. "The Impacts of Neoliberal Reform on Internal Migration in Mexico: A Comparison Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Migration." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129155636.
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Hopkins, Shelley. "A visual profile of Queensland indigenous and non-indigenous school children, and the association between vision and reading." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71393/2/Shelley_Hopkins_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigated the prevalence of vision disorders in Queensland Indigenous primary school children, creating the first comprehensive visual profile of Indigenous children. Findings showed reduced convergence ability and reduced visual information processing skills were more common in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous children. Reduced visual information processing skills were also associated with reduced reading outcomes in both groups of children. As early detection of visual disorders is important, the research also reviewed the delivery of screening programs across Queensland and proposed a model for improved coordination and service delivery of vision screening to Queensland school children.
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Miley, Linda. "White writing black : issues of authorship and authenticity in non-indigenous representations of Australian Aboriginal fictional characters." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16485/1/Linda_Miley_Thesis.pdf.
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This creative practice-led thesis is in two parts - a novella entitled Leaning into the Light and an exegesis dealing with issues for creative writers who are non-Indigenous engaging with Indigenous characters and inter-cultural relationships. The novella is based on a woman's tale of a cross cultural friendship and is set in a Queensland Cape York Aboriginal community over a period of fifteen years. Leaning into the Light is for the most part set in the late 1960s, and as such tracks some of the social and personal cost of colonisation through its depiction of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relationships within a Christian run mission. In short, Leaning into the Light creates an imaginary space of intercultural relationships that is nevertheless grounded in a particular experience of a 'real' place and time where Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjectivities collide and communicate.
The exegesis is principally concerned with issues of non-Indigenous representation of indigeneity, an area of enquiry and scholarship that is being increasingly theorized and debated in contemporary cultural and literary studies. In this field, two questions raised by Fee (in Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 1995) are key concerns in the exegesis. How do we determine who is a member of the Aboriginal minority group, and can majority members speak for this minority? The intensification of interest around these issues follows a period of debate in the 1990s which in turn was spawned by the "unprecedented politicisation of {Australian} history" (Collins and Davis, 2004, p.5) following the important Mabo decision which overturned the "nation's founding doctrine of terra nullius" (ibid, p.2). These debates questioned whether or not non-Aboriginal authors could legitimately include Aboriginal themes and characters in their work (Huggins, 1994; Wheatley, 1994, Griffiths, et al in Tiffin and Lawson, 1994), and covered important political and ethical considerations, at the heart of which were issues of representation and authenticity. Moreover, there were concerns about non-Indigenous authors competing for important symbolic and publishing space with Indigenous authors. In the writing of Leaning into the Light, these issues became pivotal to the representation of character and situation and as such constitute the key points of analysis in the exegesis.
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Miley, Linda. "White writing black : issues of authorship and authenticity in non-indigenous representations of Australian Aboriginal fictional characters." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16485/.
Full textAbstract:
This creative practice-led thesis is in two parts - a novella entitled Leaning into the Light and an exegesis dealing with issues for creative writers who are non-Indigenous engaging with Indigenous characters and inter-cultural relationships. The novella is based on a woman's tale of a cross cultural friendship and is set in a Queensland Cape York Aboriginal community over a period of fifteen years. Leaning into the Light is for the most part set in the late 1960s, and as such tracks some of the social and personal cost of colonisation through its depiction of Indigenous and non-Indigenous relationships within a Christian run mission. In short, Leaning into the Light creates an imaginary space of intercultural relationships that is nevertheless grounded in a particular experience of a 'real' place and time where Indigenous and non-Indigenous subjectivities collide and communicate. The exegesis is principally concerned with issues of non-Indigenous representation of indigeneity, an area of enquiry and scholarship that is being increasingly theorized and debated in contemporary cultural and literary studies. In this field, two questions raised by Fee (in Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin, 1995) are key concerns in the exegesis. How do we determine who is a member of the Aboriginal minority group, and can majority members speak for this minority? The intensification of interest around these issues follows a period of debate in the 1990s which in turn was spawned by the "unprecedented politicisation of {Australian} history" (Collins and Davis, 2004, p.5) following the important Mabo decision which overturned the "nation's founding doctrine of terra nullius" (ibid, p.2). These debates questioned whether or not non-Aboriginal authors could legitimately include Aboriginal themes and characters in their work (Huggins, 1994; Wheatley, 1994, Griffiths, et al in Tiffin and Lawson, 1994), and covered important political and ethical considerations, at the heart of which were issues of representation and authenticity. Moreover, there were concerns about non-Indigenous authors competing for important symbolic and publishing space with Indigenous authors. In the writing of Leaning into the Light, these issues became pivotal to the representation of character and situation and as such constitute the key points of analysis in the exegesis.
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Edmonston, Colin J. "Profiling Indigenous & non-Indigenous road trauma in rural and remote North Queensland : it's not all black and white." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101577/1/Colin%20Edmonston%20Thesis.pdf.
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The research examined the individual and collective influence of ‘Indigenous status’ and ‘remoteness’ on road crash profiles. Interviews with 229 crash patients recruited through health facilities in North Queensland showed that involvement of unsafe behaviours in crashes increased with remoteness, and were more marked among Indigenous patients (proximal causation). Themes identified as influencing behaviour included social acceptance of risk (‘rural way of life’), bravado among young males and feelings of hopelessness among the Indigenous sample (distal causation). Using this knowledge, recommendations are provided under the ‘Safe System’ framework with a particular focus on improving Indigenous program development and delivery.
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Callahan, Ashley G. "Harbour survey and genetic analysis of non-indigenous ascidian tunicates in Newfoundland /." Internet access available to MUN users only. Search for this title in:, 2009.
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Drake, Darren, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Secularism exhausted?: Non-Indigenous postcolonial discourses and the question of aboriginal religion." Deakin University. School of Communication and Creative Arts, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.152649.
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Gollamudi, Hymavathi. "Policy Incentives to Prevent the Introduction of Non Indigenous Species Via Shipping /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487929745335459.
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Flynn, Eugene E. "Reading our way: An Indigenous-centred model for engaging with Australian Indigenous literature." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227811/1/Eugene_Flynn_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis proposes an Indigenous-centred approach to reading Australian Indigenous literature that extends beyond traditional western literary norms. It uses Indigenous ways of being, knowing and doing as a framework for reading five texts written by Australian Indigenous women and non-binary people, generating new understandings of the works and synthesising an expanded model for reading. This thesis makes a critical intervention within the Australian literary sector and especially the academy, arguing for a shift of power from the majority non-Indigenous Australian literary sector to Indigenous writers and their communities.
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Wallace, Rick. "Grassroots community-based peacebuilding : critical narratives on peacebuilding and collaboration from the locality of indigenous and non-indigenous activists in Canada." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4278.
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As developed throughout the dissertation's chapters, I combined a number of different and interconnected agendas with the overall goal being to strengthen and revitalize the field of conflict resolution and peacebuilding research in a number of ways. First, I critiqued the past and current peacebuilding literature in order to present its theoretical, methodological and substantive gaps and inadequacies. Second, I argued for a recognition of the interconnectedness of methodology, reflexivity and knowledge/power in general, and more specifically within the peacebuilding literature. Third, my theoretical and methodological framework constituted a distinctive exemplar for conflict resolution and peacebuilding that begins to ground our research questions, methodologies and discourses as situated knowledges within relations of power. Fourth, I argued academic peacebuilding discourses and practices are not neutral but inherently involved in larger social relations. Fifth, I presented the critical narratives from the locality of Indigenous and non-Indigenous grassroots activists in order to shift the spotlight of peacebuilding discourses and practices onto the transformative possibilities of grassroots community-based peace building. I continued with a reformulated theorization of grassroots community peacebuilding as alternative geographies of knowledge, place-based practices and counter-narratives, important in themselves, and as part of a glocality of bottom-up transformative change. Finally, I conclude with a call for a renewing of the field of Conflict resolution and Peacebuilding based on social justice and community-based praxis.
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Nguyen, Chau Nien [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Böhme, Narinder [Gutachter] Dhillon, and Ulrike [Gutachter] Lohwasser. "Survey, collection and characterization of indigenous and non-indigenous cucurbits in Vietnam / Chau Nien Nguyen. Gutachter: Michael Böhme ; Narinder Dhillon ; Ulrike Lohwasser." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110941854/34.
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Nguyen, Nien Chau [Verfasser], Michael [Gutachter] Böhme, Narinder [Gutachter] Dhillon, and Ulrike [Gutachter] Lohwasser. "Survey, collection and characterization of indigenous and non-indigenous cucurbits in Vietnam / Chau Nien Nguyen. Gutachter: Michael Böhme ; Narinder Dhillon ; Ulrike Lohwasser." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110941854/34.
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van, den Boog Tim. "Non-Timber Forest Products : Indigenous ethnobotanical knowledge and livelihood security in West Suriname." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61322.
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Suriname is highly forested and inhabited by Indigenous peoples who are dependent on a diverse range of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for their subsistence and income. NTFP knowledge is decreasing due to fragmented knowledge transmission. The NTFP-containing forests are also of interest to multinational extractive companies. Without co-managed governance and weak tenure security, livelihoods and biodiversity can become jeopardised. This thesis focuses on two Indigenous communities that vary in forest-dependency and exposure to urbanisation. Children’s ethnobotanical knowledge is compared to determine causes of ethnobotanical knowledge losses. In addition, land tenure regimes are assessed and ecological impacts from NTFP harvests are determined.
Voucher specimens were collected and ethnobotanical data were obtained from informants. Questionnaires were used to elicit and record children’s ethnobotanical knowledge and that of NTFP gatherers to define important NTFP species. Market surveys were held to determine commercial NTFPs.
It was shown that school attendance and the limited time spent in forests disrupt the acquisition of ethnobotanical knowledge by children. At the same time, acculturation can lead to cross-cultural knowledge exchange, strengthening the communities’ knowledge about NTFPs. The research further demonstrated that the uses of commercial and food NTFPs were known prior to the acquisition of knowledge of plant names, confirming that ethnobotanical knowledge acquisition at a young age happens through observation.
Ecological risks from overharvesting seeds from vegetal NTFPs included trophic cascades: population declines of targeted species and animals that feed on them. For the commercially most traded animals, a decrease in abundancy was noticed as a result of increased local and non-local demands. Because of a sudden high global demand for Potamotrygon boesemani, stocks of this endemic stingray are imperilled. NTFP gathering largely happened outside the communities’ communal forest on State lands under active or proposed logging concessions.
Traditional NTFP practices should be safeguarded by protecting gathering sites and targeted species. Strengthening of Indigenous with government co-management is needed for effective forest governance. Moreover, long-term research is desirable on current NTFP stocks and the impacts of NTFP harvesting on target species and their ecosystem. An immediate moratorium on P. boesemani is required to prevent this species from further collapse or potential extinction.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Brooker, Ben. "Distribution and predictors of non-indigenous marine species within South Africa's MPA network." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20966.
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Considering the continual dissemination of marine non-indigenous (NIS) species across biogeographic borders, little is known about the status of these species within the network of South African marine protected areas (MPAs). Using the most recent data, a target list of NIS was set up for each MPA. Nineteen of the 23 South African MPAs were surveyed intertidally for alien and invasive species. The intertidal zone was divided into high-, mid- and low-shore and surveys were conducted during spring low tide. The presence and location in the intertidal zone of alien and invasive species were recorded. Additionally, invasive species' biomasses were quantified at sites at which they were found. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to assess which factors result in high numbers of NISs within MPAs. The invasive Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, was the most widespread species, occurring in 13 of the 19 sampled MPAs. It was most prominent on the island MPAs of the West Coast National Parks and had an overall highest biomass in the mid-shore. The bryozoan, Bugula dentata, was also widespread - present in MPAs across all three ecoregions. The invasive acorn barnacle, Balanus glandula, and bisexual mussel, Semimytilus algosus, both exhibited high levels of invasion in MPAs on the west coast. Extensions of known ranges were recorded for a number of species: the bryozoans Bugula dentata, Watersipora subtorquata and Cryptosula pallasiana, the polychaete Neodexiospira brasiliensis, the amphipod Orchestia gammarellus and the hydrozoan Obelia dichotoma. Certain species were recorded outside of harbours for the first time: the hydrozoans Obelia dichotoma and Obelia geniculata, the bryozoan Cryptosula pallasiana and the ascidians Microcosmus squamgiger and Diplosoma listerianum. CART analysis indicated that the size of the nearest port was an important indicator of the number of alien species in an MPA. When the nearest port is bigger than 0.4 km², more alien species are likely to occur within that MPA. For invasive species, the distance to the nearest yacht marina was the most important factor, with MPAs within 3.7 km of a yacht marina being more likely to have more invasive species in their borders. For all NISs, the highest numbers in an MPA were expected when the nearest port was greater than 2.1 km² and the nearest yacht marina was within 3.7 km of that MPA. Using these findings, spatial planning of future MPAs can further be prioritised to minimise the risk of introduction and spread of NIS therein. MPAs at risk as defined by these findings require structured monitoring regimes. A proactive measure would be establishing an interdisciplinary forum between relevant management authorities in order to enable dissemination of information on NIS. While controlling established NIS is difficult, the creation of task groups to act as rapid response teams for NIS, and the possibility of small-scale fisheries from edible invasive species are practical avenues that could be explored as mitigation efforts.
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Arvin, Maile Renee. "Sovereignty will not be funded indigenous citizenship in Hawai'i's non-profit industrial complex /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464659.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-127).
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Freemantle, Cecily Jane. "Indicators of infant and childhood mortality for indigenous and non-indigenous infants and children born in Western Australia from 1980 to 1997 inclusive." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0020.
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[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Background : The excess burden of mortality born by young Indigenous Australians and the disparity in infant and childhood mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians have been well documented. The accuracy and completeness of national data describing the health of Indigenous Australians is inconsistent. The Western Australia (WA) Maternal and Child Health Research Database (MCHRDB), is a linked total population database that includes perinatal maternal and infant data, and infant and childhood morbidity and mortality data. Overall, these data are more than 99% complete, with a similar high level of completeness and validity for Indigenous Western Australians. Aim : The aim of this thesis is to measure Indigenous infant (0 to <1 year) and childhood (>=1 to <19 years) mortality and the disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants and children in WA for birth cohorts from 1980 to 1997 inclusive. To achieve this aim a number of secondary aims were identified, including the measurement of certain maternal and infant variables, and the age-specific, all-cause and cause-specific mortality for WA infants and children. Method : The study comprises a longitudinal birth cohort study, the primary data source being the MCHRDB. Data included on the MCHRDB are complete for all births in WA from 1980 onwards, with new birth cohorts linked on an annual basis. Maternal and infant variables and the geographical location of the residence and the time of birth and death were included in the descriptive and multivariate analyses. Each infant and childhood death was coded using a three-digit code developed primarily for research purposes. The descriptive analyses of mortality referred to the probability of dying in infancy and in childhood as the cumulative mortality risk (CMR), for various diseases and various population subgroups. Age-specific childhood rates were also calculated. The results of multivariate analyses included the fitting of Cox and Poisson regression models, and estimates of effect were represented as hazard ratios (Cox regression) and relative rates (Poisson regression). Results : Between 1980 and 1997, births to Indigenous mothers accounted for 6% of total WA births. Approximately 46% of Indigenous births were to mothers living in a remote location compared to 9% of non-Indigenous births. Indigenous mothers gave birth at an earlier age (30% of births were to teenage mothers compared to 6% of non-Indigenous births), and were more likely to be single than non-Indigenous mothers (40% Indigenous, 9% non-Indigenous). Indigenous infants had more siblings, were born at an earlier gestation and with a lower birth weight and percentage of expected birth weight. The CMR for Indigenous infants was 22 per 1000 live births compared with 6.7 for non- Indigenous infants, a relative risk (RR) of 3.3 (95%CI 3.0, 3.6). While there was a decrease in the CMR over the birth year groups for both populations, the disparity between the rate of Indigenous and non-Indigenous infant mortality increased. The Indigenous postneonatal (>28 to 365 days) mortality rate (11.7 per 1,000 neonatal survivors) was higher than the neonatal (0 to 28 days) mortality rate (10.3 per 1,000 live births). This profile differed from that for non-Indigenous infants, where the neonatal mortality rate (4.3 per 1,000 live births) was nearly twice that of the postneonatal mortality rate (2.4 per 1,000 neonatal survivors). The main causes of infant mortality among Indigenous infants were potentially preventable. These causes were infection followed by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which differed from the main causes for non-Indigenous infants, sequelae of prematurity and birth defects. The CMR attributable to SIDS increased over the years amongst Indigenous infants and decreased significantly over the years in the non-Indigenous population. Furthermore, the disparity in mortality between the two populations increased and, in 1995 to 1997, was over seven times higher amongst Indigenous infants. The CMR was highest amongst infants living in remote locations for all causes of death except for Indigenous deaths attributable to SIDS, where the risk of death was highest amongst infants living in metropolitan locations. With the exception of infection, there was no difference in cause-specific mortality amongst Indigenous infants according to geographical location. Indigenous infants living in a remote location were at a significantly increased risk of death due to infection compared with their peers living in a rural or metropolitan location. The risk of death for Indigenous children was more than three times higher than for non-Indigenous children. This risk was significantly increased when most of the perinatal maternal and infant variables were considered.
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Christopher, Jason James. "Beizam Triple Hammerhead Shark: Animatronic technology and cross-cultural collaboration in the Torres Strait." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20360.
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Research into Beizam Triple Hammerhead Shark: Animatronic technology and cross-cultural collaboration in the Torres Strait, was to further establish and test institutional recognition of cross-collaborative inspired Indigenous/non-Indigenous art within the emergence of a multimillion-dollar Torres Strait Islander arts industry. The success of mainland Aboriginal artists paved the way for Torres Strait Islanders to develop their own contemporary art movement, largely responsible for the cultural revival in which Indigenous communities now participate. Amid this revival, there is limited information on non-Indigenous involvement among these artists and works. The research presented in this thesis expands this area of knowledge. The main premise of my argument questions institutional and Indigenous arts industry downplaying of cross-cultural collaborative engagement among the Torres Strait Islander contemporary art movement. This is supported by demonstrating a history of cross-cultural engagement within the constructs of contemporary art making and cultural practice predating Western influence. I demonstrate how my work with Dr Ken Thaiday Snr (Thaiday) serves to promote cross-cultural engagement and in line with Sasha Grishin’s article on the Defying Empire: 3rd National Indigenous Art Triennial[1], poses questions to curatorial and art market agendas that segregate Indigenous art from the broader context of contemporary Australian non-Indigenous art. One of the arguments I have had with the two earlier shows and continue to have with the present one is with the concept of race-based segregation as the underlying basis for an art exhibition. Is indigenous art in Australia still in need of affirmative action and a sheltered environment for it to grow and survive?[2] The thesis questions curatorial and art market agendas that have misinterpreted our cross-cultural collaborations, segregating them from the broader context of contemporary Australian art through the dismissal of my involvement in the works. An investigation of technology inspired artistic collaborations between Thaiday and myself over the research period of five years is used as a platform to raise questions on the peripheral complications of my non-Indigenous participation in the co-creation of works connected to Torres Strait Islander culture. Our artistic collaborations merge animatronic technologies and automated production systems that integrate with Thaiday’s material culture. Thaiday and I have developed an artistic engagement combining our art practices to produce hybrid, performative works of contemporary art. The aesthetic is a combination of both our styles of work. Thaiday provides the historical context, uniquely styled cultural content and the framework for the collaborative concept to build from based on his past dance machines and centuries of material culture. I provide a connection to a digital realm, introducing technology and the format of a new contemporary aesthetic borne from automated processes and references to my art practice. The newly formed work is digitised bringing the collaborations to life, the works are jointly enhanced by our shared knowledge of the marine environment. The research and collaborative works draw from long-lasting traditions, of collaborative engagement with outsiders including and incorporating new ideas and technologies into the fabric of their own traditional practice and cultural development. A brief historical account of this contemporary art movement and key artists creates the context for three major works undertaken by Thaiday and myself that were shown in prominent exhibitions locally and internationally. The final collaborative work, Beizam Triple Hammerhead Shark 2016 produced for the 20th Biennale of Sydney, forms the major work for the research. This research documents and discusses, the production and reaction, to publically displayed co-created works between Thaiday and me, focusing on perception and understanding of our Indigenous/non-Indigenous artistic collaborative engagement. The thesis advocates a platform that allows our collaborative works to continue contributing towards the promotion of Indigenous cultures, Australian contemporary arts and sharing of cultural ideas and knowledge between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. [1] Grishin, Sasha. (June 7, 2017). Defying Empire: 3rd National Indigenous Art Triennial. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/defying-empire-3rd-national-Indigenous-art-triennial-20170606-gwlkgb.html [2] Grishin, Sasha. (June 7, 2017). Defying Empire: 3rd National Indigenous Art Triennial. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/defying-empire-3rd-national-Indigenous-art-triennial-20170606-gwlkgb.html
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Theobald, Kylie. "Comparative tolerances of non-indigenous bridled goby and native exquisite goby to salintiy, temperature and sediment." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2370.
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The Australian bridled goby (Arenigobius bifrenatus) has been in New Zealand since 1996, and has subsequently spread to thirteen estuaries and the coastal Otara Lake. The native exquisite goby (Favonigobius exquisitus) may be displaced or threatened by the bridled goby as they share estuarine habitat. The ecophysiological tolerances and sediment preferences for both goby species were examined to determine the potential for niche overlap and habitat selection. The results of acute salinity and temperature tolerance tests supported the hypotheses that bridled gobies are more tolerant than exquisite gobies to extremes of salinity and temperature. The incipient ten day LT50 values were 6.7 C and 11.8 C for bridled and exquisite gobies, respectively, however, both tolerated temperatures up to 35 C. Both species showed some mortality at low salinities, but mortality did not exceed 50% for either species at the lowest salinity tested (2.2 ppt) after 96 h. Bridled gobies displayed a strong preference for fine sediment (less than 63 um), whereas exquisite gobies were less selective, accepting a broad range of sediment grain sizes (63-250 um). Bridled gobies have successfully established and dispersed in New Zealand, and their ecophysiological adaptations that allowed them to survive harsh conditions in ballast water, their presumed introduction vector, will likely aid their future spread throughout New Zealand. Their increasing abundance is likely to see them encounter and possibly encroach on the habitat of exquisite gobies. Bridled gobies may displace the smaller exquisite gobies from optimal habitats, as exquisite gobies are unlikely to survive competition from and predation by bridled gobies. However, exquisite gobies should be able to relocate to adjacent habitat with coarse sediment that is unsuitable for burrow construction by bridled gobies. Additionally, acclimatisation to local environmental conditions may extend the tolerance limits determined in this thesis, and may allow bridled gobies to spread to upstream zones in estuaries and occupy freshwater. New Zealand presently has eight recognised gobiid species of which one is endemic, two are native, two are not recorded in mainland waters and three are proposed as non-indigenous. Additionally, several tropical and subtropical gobies exist in the aquarium trade. Similar ecophysiological tests of tolerance and preference may determine the possibility that these species could establish in the wild following accidental release.
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Andersen, Borg Marc. "Non-indigenous zooplankton : the role of predatory cladocerans and of copepods in trophic dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8506.
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Human-mediated introductions of non-indigenous species now threaten to homogenize the biota of the Globe, causing huge economic and ecological damage. This thesis studies the ecological role of 3 invasive planktonic crustaceans, the omnivorous copepod Acartia tonsa (western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific) and the predatory cladocerans, Cercopagis pengoi (Ponto-Caspian) and Bythotrephes longimanus (Eurasian). B. longimanus invaded the North American Great Lakes in 1982, C. pengoi the Baltic in 1992 and the Great Lakes in 1999, while A. tonsa has an extensive invasion history that includes the Baltic. We review current knowledge on feeding biology of the predatory cladocerans. A study of stable C and N isotope ratios indicated mesozooplankton as the main food source of C. pengoi in the northern Baltic Sea proper, with young C. pengoi also eating microzooplankton, such as rotifers. Young-of-the-year herring did eat C. pengoi and herring trophic position shifted from 2.6 before the invasion to 3.4 after, indicating that C. pengoi had been “sandwiched” into the modified food web between mesozooplankton and fish. Salinity tolerance experiments on Acartia tonsa and co-occurring Acartia clausi showed the formers euryhaline character and high grazing potential. Energy partitioning between ingestion, production and respiration was rather constant over the tested salinity range of 2 to 33, with small differences in gross growth efficiency and cost of growth, but maximum ingestion at 10-20. Egg hatching in A. tonsa was only reduced at the lowest salinity. Extreme changes in salinity were needed to cause significant mortality of A. tonsa in the field, but its feeding activity could be severely reduced by salinity changes likely to occur in estuaries. A study of a hypertrophic estuary showed that A. tonsa can sustain a population despite very high mortality rates, caused by predation, high pH and low oxygen, helping explain the success of A. tonsa as an invader of estuaries.
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Dodd, Suzannah. "The role of non-indigenous benthic macrofauna in the diet of snapper (Pagrus auratus)." AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/898.
Full textAbstract:
Snapper, Pagrus auratus is a valuable coastal fish species in New Zealand and forms an important commercial and recreational fishing industry in the north-east of New Zealand. Previous studies revealed evidence that this carnivorous, primarily benthic feeder consumes a non-indigenous macrobenthic species. Many non-indigenous macrobenthic species have now become established in New Zealand waters. For example, in Rangitoto Channel, Hauraki Gulf, non-indigenous macrobenthic species are prolific, with three bivalve species in particular having thriving populations: Limaria orientalis, Musculista senhousia, and Theora lubrica. The role of these species in the diet of snapper, however, is unknown. To assess the availability of indigenous and non-indigenous prey species to snapper, benthic macrofaunal assemblages throughout Rangitoto Channel were surveyed. To do so, sediment samples were collected at 84 sites. At 24 of these sites sediment was also collected for grain size analysis and at 40 of these sites the seafloor was surveyed with video. To investigate the diet of snapper, fish were collected from four monitoring sites within the channel. Bimonthly monitoring of the diet of snapper as well as the benthic macrofauna was completed at these monitoring sites and trends in the abundance of three prey species, two of which were non-indigenous species, within the sediment and the diet of snapper were compared from June to December 2008. A detailed description of the benthic macrofaunal assemblages throughout Rangitoto Channel confirmed that three non-indigenous species are established throughout this area. The analyses revealed that the diet of snapper has shifted compared to previous studies. Snapper now consume large quantities of two non-indigenous species, M. senhousia and L. orientalis. Consumption of the former species apparently results from its dominance and biomass within the sediment. It is therefore not surprising that snapper consumed large amounts of this species. In contrast, L. orientalis occurred disproportionately in the diet of snapper compared to its abundance within the sediment. I suggest that the establishment of some non-indigenous species benefits snapper.
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Willis, Stephen Geoffrey. "Factors affecting the distribution of three non-indigenous riparian weeds in north-east England." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4276/.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented uses a multi-disciphnary approach to examine the factors important in determining the distribution of the non-indigenous species, Impatiens glandulifera, Heracleum mantegazzianum and Fallopia japonica at a river catchment level. Distribution data for all three species along the Wear catchment, Co. Durham, were initially collected and the distribution of the species, in terms of density and abundance in different zones and habitats of the riparian system, were investigated. This work concluded that zones of the riverbank were used to differing extents by the three species. For all three species the lower riparian zone was the most important for the occurrence of populations. Data extracted from the Environment Agency's River Corridor Survey were used to provide information on characteristics of two river catchments. Examination of these data in association with the alien species distribution data highlighted differences in distribution patterns related to factors such as woodland, ruderal vegetation and bank management. Modelling species occurrences using the RCS data produced good predictive models for the two seed producing species {Impatiens and Heracleum) within a catchment but only poor models for Fallopia, with its solely vegetative method of spread. However testing such models on alternative catchments resulted in a reduction in predictive ability; the best overall models being derived from data amalgamated from both catchments. Variables selected in the models were found to concord with habitat preferences given elsewhere and also highlighted the importance of climate. Increasing the resolution of the collected data from 500m to 50m sections was found not to greatly improve the ability to predict species presence, though these data did allow predictions of Impatiens abundance to be made. Demographic analyses in different habitat types emphasised the importance of herb/ruderal vegetation, though all three species were found to persist in woodland areas despite reduced productivity. Other experiments examining the effects of climate, as represented by altitude, on the performance of the study species indicated that factors such as seed production and plant biomass varied with altitude, whereas germination did not. The thesis highlights potential shortfalls in producing predictive models for non-indigenous species based on non-equilibrium distributions and demonstrates interesting scale- dependent phenomena. It is suggested that whilst Impatiens may be largely climatically limited, Heracleum and Fallopia are more likely to be dispersal limited.
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Zhao, Bin. "Larval biology and ecology of a non-indigenous species, the slipper limpet crepidula onyx /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202002%20ZHAO.
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Potter, Emily Claire. "Disconcerting ecologies : representations of non-indigenous belonging in contemporary Australian literature and cultural discourse." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php865.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-325) Specific concern is the poetic, as well as literal, significance given to the environment, and in particular to land, as a measure of belonging in Australia. Environment is explored in the context of ecologies, offered here as an alternative configuration of the nation, and in which the subject, through human and non-human environmental relations, can be culturally and spatially positioned. Argues that both environment and ecology are narrowly defined in dominant discourses that pursue an ideal, certain and authentic belonging for non-indigenous Australians.
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McCormack, Jennifer. "Chasing the Raven: Practices of Sovereignty in Non-State Nations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332775.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines 'sovereignty' as not only a theoretical abstraction of power relations within finite territories, but also as a very alive practice, a daily defense of inherent rights based on Indigenous philosophical notions of power and space. I examine the perspectives of Indigenous practitioners who either through their conversations and/or life ways cultivate an original conception of sovereignty, specifically the governance of the Gwich'in people, a nation of 15 villages in the Arctic Circle. As an Indigenous nation living within legal structures of a settler state, they offer an alternative understanding of collective political power, rooted outside the western European paradigm but simultaneously confronting those ambits. I argue that rather than an alternative narrative of resistance towards secession or segregation, the Gwich'in Nation provide a viable, pro-active and realized form of co-existent sovereignty. This sovereignty is a form of political collective identity and a relationship with the environment and non-human actors, as well as other governments, that is productive, creative and focused as much on future generations as drawing from tradition.
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Müller, Stephan Johannes. "Ecology and impacts of the non-indigenous Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615635.
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Kirkpatrick, Heather. "The Ecological Influence of the Non-Indigenous Zooplankter Eubosmina coregoni in Lake Ecosystems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302263925.
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Machado, Marco. "Effects of the non-indigenous bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum on meiofaunal communities of the Tagus Estuary." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17521.
Full textAbstract:
A meiofauna é, atualmente, considerada como um grupo de organismos com elevado
potencial para a monitorização de eventuais efeitos ecológicos resultantes de
perturbações naturais e/ou antropogénicas nos ecossistemas aquáticos. A presença do
bivalve não-indígena R. philippinarum no estuário do Tejo apresentou uma
oportunidade para avaliar o uso das comunidades da meiofauna, particularmente os
nematodes, como bioindicadores que permitam avaliar perturbações provocadas pela
presença de uma espécie alóctone.
O principal objetivo desta investigação foi verificar as respostas estruturais e funcionais
das comunidades de meiofauna perante a presença de um bivalve não-indígena. Este
objetivo foi atingido através da comparação de padrões de densidade, diversidade e
composição trófica das comunidades de meiofauna, especialmente os nematodes, em
locais com diferentes abundâncias de R. philippinarum. Todas as análises realizadas
mostraram que a densidade, os padrões de distribuição, diversidade e a composição
trófica das comunidades de nematodes foram estruturados principalmente por fatores
ambientais como o tipo de sedimento e a salinidade e não tanto pelas densidades de R.
philippinarum; Effects of the non-indigenous bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum
on meiofaunal communities of the Tagus estuary.
|ABSTRACT:
Meiofauna are presently regarded as very suitable organisms to monitor potential
ecological effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances in aquatic ecosystems.
The presence of the non-indigenous bivalve R. philippinarum in the Tagus estuary
presented the opportunity to evaluate the ability of meiofauna communities,
specifically nematodes, as indicators to assess disturbances promoted by an
allochthonous species.
This research focused on the benthic meiofauna assemblages response to the presence
of a non-indigenous bivalve. Density, diversity and trophic composition patterns of the
meiofauna communities, particularly nematodes were examined along the estuary
gradient and related to environmental conditions and the occurrence of R.
philippinarum. All the performed analysis showed that nematodes density, distribution
patterns, diversity and trophic composition were mainly structured by distinct
environmental factors like sediment grain size and salinity rather than by R.
philippinarum densities.