Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-governmental Organisations'
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1
Romero, Brito Tania Paola. "Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Ecotourism." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368162.
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Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have become major stakeholders in global conservation efforts, particularly in establishing protected areas and proposing and testing new conservation models for their management. Since the 1990s, NGOs have used ecotourism as one rationale for advocating the maintenance of protected areas worldwide. Ecotourism aims to use revenues from visitors to support conservation. In particular, community-based ecotourism aims to support conservation commonly through economic and social development of local communities.
Despite the widespread involvement of NGOs in conservation through ecotourism, their precise roles and decision-making processes have not previously been studied using systematic or comparative approaches at global or national scale. There are numerous case studies of single ecotourism projects assisted by NGOs, and some of these highlight significant shortcomings with actual or potential negative effects on both biodiversity and local communities. These studies, however, have not analysed how NGOs select and define which initiatives to support, nor the factors which determine effective strategies for development of ecotourism enterprises in protected areas. Given the global scale of NGO involvement, this lack of information on NGO dynamics represents a significant gap in our current understanding of ecotourism practices. This thesis aims to address this gap.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Grifffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Hume, Jessica Mary. "Strategic internal communication in international non-governmental organisations." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24843.
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The role and importance of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) has increased with globalisation and the growth of global institutions. Not only do INGOs play a major role in aid delivery in developing countries, they also serve as the voice of the people in the growing global governance system. Thus they have an increasing impact on the social and economic welfare of people around the world. For this reason, the performance and management of INGOs is vital. However, research on their management is lacking. INGOs possess unique characteristics including complex environments, value-based missions and no financial bottom line. Therefore, management practices, like internal communication, that are generally developed for for-profit organisations need to be evaluated for suitability within the INGO context. Strategic internal communication has been identified as driving organisational performance. Internal communication can be defined as strategic when its purpose is to align internal stakeholders with the organisation’s strategic intent. By facilitating strategic alignment, internal communication can play a critical role in organisational performance. Research on strategic internal communication is limited and virtually non-existent when considered within the INGO context. However, by considering communication management theory, strategic management theory and NGO management theory, it is possible to develop theoretical propositions on the strategic functioning of internal communication in INGOs. In particular, the theory suggests that a postmodern approach to strategic management and strategic internal communication can assist INGOs in addressing many of the challenges they face. This study explores the strategic functioning of internal communication in INGOs through exploratory, qualitative case studies. The evidence shows that internal communication in INGOs does not generally function strategically. However, the function is recognised as having potential to improve the performance of these organisations. In particular, there is support for the suitability of a postmodern approach to strategic internal communication in INGOs.Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Communication Management
MPhil
Unrestricted
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Diprose, Kristina M. "Youth citizenship, social change and non-governmental organisations." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9247/.
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This thesis is grounded in a 16-month critical ethnography of two voluntary sector youth citizenship projects, based in the UK, which supported young people’s participation in community action and political lobbying. It is about the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as civic intermediaries for young people, in particular about the kinds of citizenship that they foster. The research focuses on thick description of organisational frameworks for youth participation to offer a contextualised account of young people’s citizenship practices, their relationship with social policy and the institutionalised promotion of citizenship ‘best practice’. This account is juxtaposed with popular representations of young people as divorced from mainstream politics, either because they are disenfranchised, or because they are presumed to be reinventing the wheel through subversive sub-cultural practices that portend wider social change. This thesis examines the meanings and practices that voluntary sector staff, volunteers and young people attach to citizen empowerment, supporting the idea that NGOs can be valued and effective civic intermediaries for young people. It also advances an unfixed understanding of youth citizenship through an approach which acknowledges ambiguity in the practice and performance of citizenship for employability and empowerment alongside the promotion of resilience. It argues that youth citizenship cannot be divorced from the pervasive influence of a neoliberal consensus in mainstream UK politics, but also that this relationship supports a continuum of possible outcomes. Katz’s (2004) theory about the relationship between acts of ‘resilience’ and ‘reworking’ with acts of ‘resistance’ is employed as a means to critically interpret NGOs’ and young people’s citizenship practices. Key themes that emerge from this analysis include: the role of NGOs in supporting ‘opportunity’ and ‘process’ aspects of citizenship; how NGOs are implicated in the social reproduction of ‘differential citizenship’ through processes of professionalisation; and the coexistence of ‘active’ and ‘activist’ forms of citizenship.
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Gordon, James Edward. "Biodiversity conservation and non-governmental organisations in Oaxaca, Mexico." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2623/.
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The lack of local scale biodiversity assessment in Oaxacan conservation is examined. Biodiversity assessment is a prerequisite of systematic, scientifically directed conservation and in Oaxaca, as in many other parts of the world, conservation is not planned according to scientific prescriptions. This thesis investigates the reasons for this in two ways. First, it considers the technical demands of biodiversity assessment from the point of view of local conservation NGOs. Second, it considers the institutional context in which the concept of biodiversity is translated from scientific discourses to Oaxacan NGOs. It is argued that tree diversity assessment techniques as currently promoted in scientific discourses are not necessarily appropriate to the needs of local NGOs and that biodiversity is itself a contested concept in Oaxaca. This results in the lack of priority given by Oaxaca's local conservation NGOs to biodiversity assessment. It is further shown that non-systematic conservation has made an important contribution to biodiversity conservation in Oaxaca, and it is argued that it is unrealistic to expect scientific prescriptions for biodiversity planning to be translated, without modification, to rural Oaxaca.
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Clarke, Gerard. "Participation and protest : non-governmental organisations and Phillipine politics." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319901.
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Baguley, John Maurice. "The globalisation of non-governmental organisations : drivers and stages." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406389.
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Hossain, Farhad. "Administration of development initiative by non-governmental organisations : a study of their sustainability in Bangladesh and Nepal /." Tampere : University of Tampere, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy042/2003362334.html.
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Megaw, Charles Clarke. "Engaging the grassroots : indigenous non-governmental organisations in northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266235.
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Fowler, Alan F. "Non-governmental organisations and the promotion of democracy in Kenya." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357791.
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Matsimbi, Alfred. "Business sustainability challenges experienced by philanthropic non-governmental organisations in the Capricon District Municipality." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1408.
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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are regarded as valuable role players and partners in the development of communities. The aim of this study was to seek, and unpack business sustainability challenges faced by the philanthropic NGOs operating in the Capricorn District Municipality. This study also attempted to evaluate the possible solutions to the current challenges and to assess the compliance levels of the NGOs with the Directorate of the NPOs, to identify distinguishing qualities possessed by successful NGOs, to evaluate the role of affiliation and the support structures available for the NGOs in CDM and to make possible recommendations to improve their sustainability. The study employed qualitative evaluation as this research tool allows for interpretative research. The key findings of this study include lack of support for the NGOs, lack of resources, lack of visionary leadership, poor remuneration, greed and selfishness, competition for funding, lack of income generation and fundraising skills, education and financial illiteracy, wrong establishment motives, lack of passion for the sector and self-enrichment. The study recommends that the NGOs should appoint skilled Project Managers and governors who can provide clear directions; application forms for funding should use simple and understandable language so as to accommodate less privileged groups; diversify funding sources, and create mutual partnerships. The NPO Directorate together with the Department of Social Development should assist in the screening of motives to establish NGOs, the NGOs be assisted with the training of Management and Board members and NGOs be assisted financially with bookkeeping and auditors.
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Erik, Lauvik Kjell. "Hostage incident management : preparedness and response of international non-governmental organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020800.
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It is broadly accepted that there is a need for better security management and protocols for hostage incident management, there is currently a lack of basic empirical knowledge about the existing security management protocols with reference to existing policies, knowledge and the capability of International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) to handle hostage incidents. Many INGOs have successfully managed high-profile hostage crises, but there is still a considerable level of uncertainty about the way these crises have been solved and the way their success can be seen in relation to other crises. This study aimed to understand how INGOs prepare themselves for hostage incidents, whether policies, procedures are in place, how they manage hostage situations, and also how INGO staff are trained and prepared. The methodology adopted for this study was qualitative and comprised of indepth interviews with sixteen INGOs and ten industry experts and a review of INGO documents, policies and plans. The study sheds light on some of the less talked-about aspects for INGO security management in general, as well as preparedness and responsibility towards their staff. The study suggests that while most organisations have a level of preparedness in place, enhancing each agency’s respective policies may assist the organisation in better management. The study also found that there is a higher use of ransom payment than expected, and that there is an increasing willingness to engage external expertise to assisting in managing a hostage crisis. The study makes several recommendations that may have policy implications, including pre-deployment hostile environment training, reviewing potential cooperation between INGOs and United Nations, and the use of external resources to assist in managing a hostage crisis. It also recommends a revision of existing negotiation models, as the current models are lacking in addressing protracted hostage cases. The establishment of an accurate database of incidents to allow for improved interpretation of trends and scope of hostage cases is also recommended.
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Lauvik, Kjell Erik. "Hostage incident management : preparedness and response of international non-governmental organisations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020088.
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It is broadly accepted that there is a need for better security management and protocols for hostage incident management, there is currently a lack of basic empirical knowledge about the existing security management protocols with reference to existing policies, knowledge and the capability of International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) to handle hostage incidents. Many INGOs have successfully managed high-profile hostage crises, but there is still a considerable level of uncertainty about the way these crises have been solved and the way their success can be seen in relation to other crises. This study aimed to understand how INGOs prepare themselves for hostage incidents, whether policies, procedures are in place, how they manage hostage situations, and also how INGO staff are trained and prepared. The methodology adopted for this study was qualitative and comprised of indepth interviews with sixteen INGOs and ten industry experts and a review of INGO documents, policies and plans. The study sheds light on some of the less talked-about aspects for INGO security management in general, as well as preparedness and responsibility towards their staff. The study suggests that while most organisations have a level of preparedness in place, enhancing each agency’s respective policies may assist the organisation in better management. The study also found that there is a higher use of ransom payment than expected, and that there is an increasing willingness to engage external expertise to assisting in managing a hostage crisis. The study makes several recommendations that may have policy implications, including pre-deployment hostile environment training, reviewing potential cooperation between INGOs and United Nations, and the use of external resources to assist in managing a hostage crisis. It also recommends a revision of existing negotiation models, as the current models are lacking in addressing protracted hostage cases. The establishment of an accurate database of incidents to allow for improved interpretation of trends and scope of hostage cases is also recommended.
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Harris, Matthew. "The Role of Strategic Planning in International Non-governmental Development Organisations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504372.
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Assad, Mussa Juma. "Accounting in non-governmental organisations : towards a theory of navigating legitimacy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390587.
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Awuah-Werekoh, Kwasi. "Accountability systems of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) : case study from Ghana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5829/.
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Over the last few decades, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have become an integral part of the organisational landscape playing an intermediary role between donors and beneficiaries. To ensure the efficient utilisation of resources, NGOs are required to be accountable to the two main stakeholders: donors and beneficiaries (in what is termed upward and downward accountability respectively). Multiple institutional and environmental pressures have shaped and changed the face of NGOs’ response to accountability as a coping strategy, yet this dimension is inchoate in the literature. Therefore, the study examined the dimensions of accountability systems within an NGO in Ghana. Extending the new institutional sociology theory, particularly the normative forces elements to include the media and the other identified bodies, the study adopted an in-depth interpretive case study approach using a single community based organisation in Ghana. Data was gathered by way of interviews and documentary review. In total 35 interviews were conducted with diverse groups both within and outside the case organisation. The findings of the study are analysed and interpreted through the lens of institutional theory, particularly the new institutional sociology. It was found that the dominant accountability systems in the studied NGOs are upward towards donors. Generally, downward accountability is not given much prominence by NGOs in Ghana, largely due to lack of commitment by donors. It is clear from the study that institutional pressures shape accountability systems of NGOs in Ghana. The result has implications for understanding the operations and reporting systems of NGOs, particularly, in developing countries like Ghana. It is argued that NGOs can strategically and actively respond to these institutional pressures for legitimacy.
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El-Sanady, Magdy Latif. "Performance analysis of Egyptian non-governmental organisations in primary health care." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341301.
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Despite recent phenomenal growth of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the developing world, especially in the field of primary health care (PHC), their performance currently witnesses many paradoxes. For example, a paradox between their growth in size and diversity, yet increasing concerns about their impact; another paradox is that of the intense questioning of their performance in development and health, and yet the increasing flow of support from most international agencies; and, a third paradox, is that of the increasing pressures for, and acceptance of the need for, performance evaluation, and yet a lack of institutionalisation within NGOs themselves, and the scarcity of models that can guide/help NGOs in that direction. Many explanations have been suggested for these paradoxes, and are likely to include the following: first, an NGO may lack the performance system which enables it to look at its own performance and analyse in a systematic way; second, an NGO, when undertaking a selfevaluation exercise, may confine itself solely to the project level (for accountability reasons) and overlook the other levels of analysis (namely, the organisation, service delivery, and individual levels); and, third, an NGO may not hold an holistic view as to what areas should be analysed, nor may it have the analytical tools readily available which help it to undertake such an analysis. Evidence from different literature supports each of these possible explanations. Accordingly, within this thesis, to help an NGO self-analyse its performance, a performance analysis framework (PAF) has been developed. This framework is structured to analyse the performance of an NGO service provider at three main levels: organisational; project; and, service delivery. Each level addresses an area for analysis, drawing upon a set of criteria for each area, raising a group of relevant questions for each criterion, and casting light on a cluster of possible investigative tools largely, but not exclusively, qualitative in nature. Theunderlying hypothesis of this framework is that the performance of an NGO in health and social development is the outcome of an interaction of many factors within both its external and internal environments. Hence, in the PHC setting, an NGO is confronted with an external environment composed of contextual elements (political, economic, legal, and socio-cultural), as well as a cluster of relationships with different stakeholders (donors, beneficiaries, government bodies, and other NGOs). On the other hand, the internal environment of an NGO is formed of a four-fold set of inter-related elements: its identity, its strategy, its operations, and its resources. Thus, the kinds of interactions taking place in both these environments are key determinants of the overall performance of the NGO. The PAF was then field tested in Egypt through a series of investigations, including focus group interviews as well as instrumental case studies. Four cases were selected from a pool of Egyptian NGOs (ENGOs) with different histories and geographic locations, but all being Community Development Associations (CDAs); participants in umbrella capacity building (CB) programmes sponsored by intermediary NGOs and funded by one bilateral donor; and, having service provision in the area of Maternal and Child Health (MCH). While the PAF was applied at the project level, the four PHC/MCH projects have also served as entry points to the analysis of the four organisations through a participatory self-assessment approach. The PAF, therefore, served as both research tool and conceptual frame of reference against all four cases, relying upon various triangulation techniques, in pursuit of research validation and quality control. The outcome is that of robustly testing the framework: by so doing, important lessons and insights have emerged both about the external and internal environment of ENGOs; and about the levels and kinds of performance CDAs operating in health currently attain, and can attain in the future. The research concludes with recommendations for a proposed capacity-building programme for CDAs guided by the PAF
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Mitlin, Diana Clare. "A study of relations between Northern and Southern NGOs in Kenya." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2519/.
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For the last 30 years, an increasing proportion of development assistance funds has been allocated to non-governmental organisations (NGOs), often in OECD countries. The received wisdom is that NGO programmes make an important contribution to development. However, whilst many funds are given to Northern NGOs, increasingly development projects are implemented by Southern NGOs. Many Southern NGOs secure most of their income from Northern NGOs, often with few alternative sources of funds. This study draws on the literature on relations between Northern and Southern NGOs, theories about inter-organisational relationships and six detailed case studies of such relationships in Nairobi (Kenya) to understand current experiences, to explore the problems that exist and to analyse how agencies are responding to their situation. The research findings suggest that Southern NGOs are generally dependent on a small number of Northern NGOs for most of their income. Despite this situation, Southern NGOs seek to secure their autonomy in establishing their goals and activities through three strategies: donor management, donor diversity and donor independence. A further finding is that Northern NGOs are encouraging the formalization of Southern NGO administration, with potential detrimental effects for their relationship with target groups. Northern NGOs are themselves constrained by their need to identify a Southern NGO that shares their objectives. For this reason, half the Northern NGOs contacted in the study are directly initiating or encouraging the formation of new Southern NGOs. In this way, Northern NGOs are influencing the development of the NGO sector as well as the work of individual agencies. Further analysis suggests the existence of three types of relationships between Northern and Southern NGOs, with Northern NGO's attitudes being a critical determining factor: shared values (close alignment of mission), common agenda (time-bound agreements between agencies with mutual respect) and coincidental interest (temporary alliances to address different but overlapping interests).
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Haug, Marit. "The intervention strategies of humanitarian agencies in a complex political emergency : the case of Sri Lanka." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1639/.
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This research attempts to answer the question of how humanitarian agencies engage with the combatants in a complex political emergency. The thesis has been designed as a case study of four non-governmental organisations, two Norwegian and two British, which have been working in Sri Lanka in the ongoing war. I focus on the period from 1995-1998 and build mainly of interview data with agency staff. Drawing on research literature on non-governmental organisations, I identify three roles which agencies can play in a complex political emergency: service delivery, advocacy and institution building. Ways in which agencies combine these roles are analysed, both in terms of their strategies in relation to actors in their environments, particularly the government and the LTTE, and in terms of the organisational challenges involved. When agencies move beyond a service delivery role issues relating to neutrality and impartiality often arise. Research literature on humanitarian assistance is applied to analyse how humanitarian agencies operationalise neutrality and impartiality and ways in which the agencies may be drawn into the conflict dynamic. My theoretical framework is organisational theory and, more specifically, research literature on organisations and their environments, and organisational strategy. In particular, I explore aspects of this literature which deal with situations in which organisations are subjected to pressure from their environments. This framework is then applied to identify the sources and types of constraints which agencies operate under and agency responses to these constraints, as well as the ways in which organisations develop strategies for managing their environments. I conclude that it is possible for agencies to combine different roles, but that in doing so, foreign humanitarian agencies have to actively manage their environments in order to ensure that their actions are perceived as legitimate by actors in the country in which they work.
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Oliver, Jane E. "Contradictions in organisation : case study of a rural development NGO in Rajasthan, India." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296335.
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Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed. "Bearers of change : the field workers of NGOs in Bangladesh." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4508/.
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The importance of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations) m development to most 'aid' agencies is said to have been generated by the failure of the state in reaching and providing certain basic services to the poor and the disadvantaged Although many NGOs in Bangladesh have shown some success in reaching the poor, organising them to raise awareness of education and providing microcredit, the vast majority of the poorest in Bangladesh have remamed beyond their reach The dependency of the NGOs on donors, lack of accountability and loss of quality in service provision during scaling up are the major problems for the NGOs in Bangladesh Except for missionary NGOs like MCC most NGOs m Bangladesh are preoccupied with microcredit which is mainly driven by NGOs search for self-reliance and for good performance indicators Field workers could be the movers and shakers of NGOs They implement the policies of NGOs but unfortunately they are rarely consulted during the making of these policies Above all their problems and opinions remain unheard and unaccounted for Very little research has been conducted on them in both North and South and even less m Bangladesh The research has a multiple methodology which includes questionnaire survey semi structured interviews, securing life histories in order to address the interfaces between the field worker with his/her clients and superiors Most field workers come from the rural middle or lower middle class Most wanted government jobs and fell back on NGO work when they failed to obtain them Most of those who by the time they reach the age of 40 have failed to get promoted either leave voluntarily or are made redundant Field workers of small NGOs try to switch over to large and international NGOs in search of higher job security and salary and benefits Due to high unemployment in the country instead of creating a stable and more skilled workforce NGOs often abandon then: long service field workers in order to recruit cheaper younger field workers The personal problems of field workers include job insecurity financial difficulties and risks associated with accommodation, child-care and children s education These problems are more severe for women field workers and are associated with issues related to their gender The professional problems of these field workers include poor or incorrect training heavy workloads, corrupt and limited promotion opportunities, irregular and undesirable transfers, low status at work, difficult external relationships, etc Again there are gender differences in these problems Yet with all these personal and professional problems, field workers are central to NGO performance It is the strengths of the field workers which make this possible This study calls for better utilisation of these strengths by the NGOs The poor relationship between field workers and their superiors can be tackled by better management in the NGOs A major challenge for the NGOs in Bangladesh is to become less bureaucratic, this supposed to be one of their comparative advantages over the state I also found that there is a big gap between what NGOs do and what then- field workers think ought to be done This underscores the necessity of more discussion with fieldworkers in policy making implementation and evaluation of the activities of NGOs
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Barker, Lindsay. "Crossing cultures : NGOs through the franchising lens : a case study of NGOs in England and Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274673.
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Michael, Sarah G. "African NGOs : turning knowledge and experience into power." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249028.
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Crumrine, Christine. "Power, politics and prestige : the business of INGO development in rural areas of Lebanon." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1070/.
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Hynes, Ann Cecilia. "Applications by Non-Governmental Organisations under the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486448.
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The predominant contemporary focus of the Convention is the effectiveness of the rights with respect to the human individuals for whom the Convention was originally intended, but it can be forgotten that non-governmental organisations were subjects of many ofthe same rights from the beginning. The aim of this work is to review applications made by non-governmental organisations (NGO's) under the European Convention of Human Rights. It covers applications to the European Commission (abolished since Protocol!!) and to the European Court. It is important to emphasise that this work is not a review of the substantive Articles themselves, but of their applicability to non-governmental organisations and the value and relevance of the rights to non-governmental organisations. Mention has been made of applications of minor importance to illustrate range of applications. Applications brought by individuals are discussed only when they are of significant importance to understanding the context of a Convention Article or the context ofparticular arguments. The general aim is to assess the contribution made by NGO applications to Convention case law. I have sought to take account of Convention jurisprudence up to the end of2006, although reference is made to a small number of decisions in 2007. Material was drawn from University library resources and from the website of the Court ofHuman Rights, together with resources available through electronic journals on the Internet.
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Hushie, Martin. "Sustainability of health sector non-governmental organisations in Ghana : an institutional perspective." Thesis, Keele University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499353.
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Despite the increasing role and prominence of NGOs in the health and social development sectors of many countries, their effectiveness and sustainability, especially in the developing world, has not been clearly understood. The implementation of various social, political, economic and market-based health reforms, particularly from the 1980s onwards, has been cited as the major factor influencing their effectiveness. This thesis proposes that organisational theory provides a useful framework and a set of insights for understanding the behaviour of health care organisations.
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Shrestha, Surendra Kumar. "Non-governmental organisations in development in Nepal : reaching the poor, 1954-2005." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445204.
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Mosweunyane, Dama. "The impact of non governmental organisations (NGOs) on sustainable development in Botswana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14541/.
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Development of Africa has featured in many debates, writings and researches about the continent. It is vivid that there exist a lot of theories that compete for the attention of the continent. This is primarily because there is no approach that can be said to be most suitable for rescuing the continent from its deprivation and economic backwardness. Botswana is a country that unlike others in the continent seems to be doing exceptionally well both economically and politically. However, some experts are not credulous to take the praises that are directed at Botswana without raising questions. They echo that underneath the praises exists abysmal poverty arriongst the citizens of this glorified country. The existence of Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in this country gives hope to many people who are relegated to deprivation and want, in a country that is acclaimed for its political and economical prosperity. This study attempts to demonstrate that Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are useful in development. However, they are faced with immense challenges that render them economically and politically powerless. Amongst those challenges is their inability to generate their own resources to fund their own projects, which inevitably makes them dependent on resources from the donors or governments. Most studies on NGOs have indicated that the problem of lack of resources have some negative impact on their relationship with their beneficiaries. This is often as a result of pressure that. they exact on their beneficiaries to meet terms and conditions that are drawn by the funding agencies. This arrangement fundamentally defeats the ideals of Sustainable Development that advocates for active participation of those people that are directly affected by their interventions. It comes to light that even in cases where NGOs display some willingness to involve their beneficiaries in their activities; it is always not easy due to insurmountable task of parrying influence from governments. The government of Botswana for instance, maintains its power over disempowered communities, so that it can act unilaterally without having to face resistance from politically and economically empowered communities. This study pointed out to the problem that is caused by the exclusion of NGOs by governments from their policies formulation structures. For instance, the government of Botswana used policies that were formulated through consultancies instead of those that are 10 inputted by poor people through NODs. It has to be made clear that even where NOOs attempt to enlist on the active participation of poor people, such efforts are usually undermined by their unwillingness' to formulate some withdrawal strategies. These strategies could fundamentally strengthen their quest to empower communities to realise both acceptable and necessary socio economic and political levels of development. There is a tendency for NOOs to give communities some falsified impression that they would always be available to assist them. This is often not communicated, but has a significant bearing in encouraging dependency of communities on NODs and other development agencies. Interestingly, this study has found out dep~ndency to be amongst the reasons why Sustainable Development, like other attempts made before, to have not succeeded. This study demonstrates adequately that NOOs in Botswana did not have any impact on Sustainable Development. It is evident that with programmes and projects' that NOOs obtrude on communities that they targeted, their beneficiaries are not empowered enough to sustain their level of economic and political development. They also do not get empowered to account for environmental resources that are supposed to be under their charge. The beneficiaries do not also account for the resources that are made available to them by the donors through NODs. The beneficiaries cannot demand accountability from their civil leaders because they are not empowered to do that.
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Stamm, Carolin Hanna. "Dependency as two-way traffic : community-based organisations and non-governmental organisations in the Namibian CBNRM programme." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/29631/.
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The Namibian community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) programme has been hailed as the leading wildlife conservation initiative on the African continent. Based on the dual objective of achieving both rural development and nature conservation on communal land, CBNRM has become the principal model for large-scale Western donor-funding for biodiversity conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. Forming local community-based organisations (CBOs) is the essential precondition for rural residents to receive rights over their natural resources. Since the late 1990s, an extensive network of international and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has successfully secured substantial funding to support local CBOs in the endeavour to protect and benefit from wildlife. Namibia’s national CBNRM policy explicitly recognises NGOs as key support organisations tasked to help create and strengthen CBOs, build their management capacity and link them to funding sources. Furthermore, they are the principal facilitators of joint-venture tourism partnerships between CBOs and private investors. Tourism, the Holy Grail of Namibian CBNRM, generates approximately 70% of CBO income and as such constitutes a principal livelihood strategy for communal area residents. This thesis explores the implications of substantial, ongoing NGO support to CBO development. Grounded in a critical realist research paradigm, empirical data collection has been driven by the quest to uncover and explain the underlying mechanisms that enable and/or constrain the establishment of independent CBOs. This research was motivated by the desire to unpack the Namibian CBNRM success story. It is argued that the often prescribed dichotomy of powerful outsider vs. compliant development receiver, fails to recognise that at local level development intervention more closely resembles ongoing development interaction. A more refined understanding of how NGO support is consumed and negotiated by CBOs is important to further scrutinise the effectiveness of exogenous development. Adopting an overall inductive approach, a case study methodology was chosen to investigate the CBO-NGO exchange relationship. Located in regional tourism hotspots in Kunene and Zambezi Region, two CBOs that have received massive—yet differently structured—NGO support since their inception were purposefully chosen. During two three-month fieldwork periods in 2013 and 2014, multiple sources of qualitative data were collected. The findings indicate that NGO support is highly unequal; systematic inclusion and exclusion of CBOs is mostly determined by their economic potential originating from the occurrence of wildlife. The key exchange modality between CBOs and NGOs is the continuous provision of training, where the latter impart essential knowledge on the former. While NGOs have effectively monopolised the CBNRM service provision, CBOs have simultaneously II devised individual strategies to secure maximum future support. By conceptualising their on-going interaction as a client-provider relationship, the reciprocity of CBO-NGO dependency becomes evident. The heavy promotion of joint-venture tourism partnerships in particular, shows that NGOs rely on success stories to promote the Namibian CBNRM programme, and thus continue to shield “their” CBOs from the associated risks. A key implication of the research findings is that, paradoxically, continued service provision has enabled the development of financially self-sufficient CBOs, while at the same time it has likely encouraged prolonged self-insufficiency by CBOs which have matured into demanding, experienced consumers of rural development projects.
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Ifabua, A. "Effects of organisational policies and practices on job satisfaction among employees of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs)." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/348/.
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Since International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) gained United Nations’ recognition in the 1950s, they have continued to grow in stature as key global players. Consequently, a lot of research attention has been devoted to the global influence of INGOs and the management challenges that they face. Despite steady increase in the number of research publications that focus on a wide range of INGO issues, employee job satisfaction has yet to receive serious research attention. This study seeks to fill that gap by examining forms and levels of job satisfaction among INGO employees in the United Kingdom and Africa. The study explores the influence of INGO mission, culture, structure and HRM policies and practices on employee job satisfaction. The questions addressed in this research focus on how employees perceive their jobs and the performance of INGOs in executing corporate missions, application of principles and values, working relations between headquarters and field locations and HRM policies and practices. Data collection involved 35 in-depth interviews with employees in various INGOs in the UK and Africa. The secondary method for data collection is questionnaire administration. Findings from this research contribute to what is currently known about job satisfaction in the INGO sector. Interpreting accounts of work experiences through dialectical mechanisms represents a unique and dynamic approach to the study of job satisfaction. Furthermore, the finding that effective application of corporate principles and values remains a critical factor as far as job satisfaction among INGO employees is concerned challenges the thinking that ‘corporatisation’ and ‘professionalization’ have robbed the sector of its values.
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Mowles, C. "The appeal to values in the management of international non-governmental organisations : linking ethics and practice." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/852.
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This thesis deals with the way that values get taken up by managers and leaders in international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), organisations which already have a rich history of public appeals to values. By ”values‘ I take to mean those generalised and idealising statements, such as the aspiration to ”mutual respect‘, ”equity and justice‘ ”honesty and transparency‘ in dealings with others, which usually accompany the organisation‘s vision and mission statements. The thesis sets out the argument that modern management methods based on systems thinking have been imported largely uncritically into the INGO sector, and in situations where the future is uncertain, or where there is difficulty or conflict, managers often attempt to cover over this conflict or uncertainty with an appeal to values which pictures an idealised future or an imaginary unity. Further, the thesis attempts to explore this phenomenon and to uncover some of the ethical issues that arise in the process of an appeal to unity when I am engaged as a consultant in working with managers in the INGO-sector. The thesis considers how my own practice as a consultant has changed and developed as a consequence of considering these phenomena more intensely and acting on the conclusions from these reflections. The research was prompted by my feelings of being co-opted into a process that encouraged conformity in INGOs in a way that left me feeling uncomfortable. In exploration of this discomfort and as student in a faculty pursuing the conceptual development of professional practice I have drawn broadly on the phenomenological tradition of research as a way of better understanding what I was encountering and how to make better sense of it. The method underpinning this thesis uses narrative, and reflection on narrative with a community of enquirers, which has included both fellow students on the course, as well as a wider group of interested academics. I have used as my research material my own experience of working with INGOs as a consultant and have reflected on those occasions when the discussion of values is very much to the fore. It has also meant my locating the discussion of values in a wider discourse of philosophy, sociology and psychology and mounting a critique of the dominant paradigm for understanding values in current management and organisational change literature, which is often understood as a tool for management to bring about employee alignment. Instead, I have set out an emergent understanding of values as radically social phenomena arising in the daily interaction between engaged human beings. I argue that, because of our interdependence, we are obliged to renegotiate our value commitments on a daily basis as a way of working out how we can continue together. This has involved developing a different understanding of the relationship between self and other, and a more nuanced insight into the workings of groups and the relationships of power that arise between people. Engaging with values in INGOs as a consultant invited into conversations in INGOs has thus involved my paying attention to power relating between myself and others, and the dialectic between the good and the right. Reflecting on the ethical aspects of my own consultancy practice has involved an investigation into what we might mean by ethical practice, which is generally understood to be following a series of linear rules and paradigms. I have begun to develop in its stead a theory of consultancy practice based on concepts of mutual recognition and mutual adjustment that create more space for movement within the broader social processes that can severely constrain what it is and is not possible to say and do. This thesis contributes to knowledge in the field of the management of INGOs by being one of the first to offer a critique of accepted paradigms of management theory, particularly as it relates to the appeal to values as part of strategy formation. Moreover, the emergent and social theory of values that I develop as a foil to more orthodox understandings of the role of values in the management of INGOs is also unique. My arguments concerning the ethical practice of consultancy in the domain, underpinned by a dialectical engagement of self and other, are particularly relevant to the field in which I am involved where the encounter with difference is inevitable. In the literature on management of INGOs, where research on consultancy practice is still rather thin and orthodox, my argument for a different understanding of ethical practice offers a considerable divergence of approach. In pointing to the similarities between the pressures facing INGO and private sector organisations I have also called into question the uniqueness that many scholars claim for the current management practice in INGOs. My attempts to use narrative and reflection on narrative as a method that strives to articulate what a different practice might look like should also make a new contribution to the debate about method, and ways of discussing management practice, in international development.
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Mebrahtu, Esther. "Participation, monitoring and evaluation : perceptions and experiences of INGOs in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368279.
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Gali, Priya Antony, and n/a. "The significance of the role of non-governmental organisations in development in India." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.122120.
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The research reported in this thesis examines the various factors which
influence the role of NGOs in development in India. Despite the centrality
of NGOs to the development process in the projects examined, little effort
has been made to look at existing experience in terms of what works and
what does not work in actual practice. This study attempts to analyse the
importance and effectiveness of NGOs through the documentation and
analysis of the experiences of five NGOs. The five NGOs are: CERTH
India and RDI, in the union territory of Pondicherry; ASHA and GRAM, in
Krishna and Adilabad districts respectively in the state of Andra Pradesh;
and PMDS, in the South Arcot district of the state of Tamil Nadu.
These five organisations have spent the five to 15 years organising their
respective client communities. The local organisations that have come
into existence through their efforts have reached a stage at which village
units have federated and are displaying self-management skills to varying
degrees. Specific dimensions of the NGOs examined in this study/
include: influencing factors related to their communities and
environments; objectives, strategies, structure and functioning, focusing
on community participation, vulnerable groups, empowerment,
sustainability, the importance of participatory evaluation and participatory
research in an NGO; administration and accountability of NGOs; and
enabling relations and collaborations which have to be fostered between
government and NGOs on the one hand, and global institutions and
NGOs on the other.
The main approach used in this study was the use of In-depth, openended,
informal interviews and discussions based on pre-planned
questions, with a range of NGO staff and members of the organisations.
Direct contact with some of the beneficiaries, a literature review, and
project reports and records also aided the study.
The results showed that strategies and techniques used by the NGOs are
valuable for attaining self-reliant development. Holistic development is
best achieved when the organisation aims at transforming all the
important dimensions of people's lives through the process of collective
reflection and action on the forces that presently prevent them from
developing.
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Lorgen, Christy Cannon. "Non-governmental organisations in transition in Uganda : a study of the health sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285550.
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Okello, Angoma Sunday. "Post-war social recovery in northern Uganda : grassroots perspectives and non-governmental organisations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4340/.
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From mid-2006 to 2010 grassroots perspectives of Acholi people in Northern Uganda followed Non-Governmental Organisations’ roles in post-war social recovery. For over 20 years of war between the Lord’s Resistance Army and Uganda Government, displacement and home-returns, Acholi people relied on NGOs. This study explores how far NGOs can transform and rebuild social authority structure and support social reconciliation in Acholiland. Using a qualitative methodology, Acholi returnees’ views were triangulated with those of NGOs, Government officials and relevant actors following grassroots perceptions on roles NGOs played. From this study, NGOs play participatory political and social roles at grassroots level; fail to address the root causes of conflicts. The contentious NGO roles involve a separation of inflated expectations from what is achievable. Social realities of Acholi people are in theory and ideally over-ridden by practical NGOs’ levels, typologies, activities, budgets, policies and codes of conducts. NGOs played key roles in the interlocution and encouragement of a discourse for rebuilding Acholi lineage-based authority without middle-class elites that links grassroots population. With NGOs’ withdrawal from post-war reconstruction, Acholi remained in a weak social authority and loose social bonding with lesser meaning and reality of social reconciliation. With raised disappointments on NGOs, Acholi people are stuck between a rock and hard place in respective villages.
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Le, Borgne Carine Hélène Marie-Thérèse. "Implementing children's participation at the community level : the practices of non-governmental organisations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25508.
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Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child recognised children’s human right to participate in decisions that affect them. Yet, twenty-five years after ratification, children’s participation remains frequently problematic in practice. This thesis examines the practice of NGOs that have been implementing children’s participation at the community level for more than ten years in two specific settings: Tamil Nadu (in south India) and Scotland (UK). The thesis is an explorative study; it examines the findings through two case studies (one in each country). Each case study involved observations/informal discussions and semi-structured interviews with children and staff members from the NGOs. Relevant documents were obtained and scrutinised. The analysis of the empirical data uses three concepts: competencies, child-adult relationships and influence to illuminate and analyse the implementation of children’s participation within the two case studies. Firstly, the empirical analysis highlights that children within children’s participation projects acquired knowledge and skills and then applied them in particular situations within the participation projects (personal and social competencies). Nevertheless, the two case studies showed that adults’ crucial role in legitimising children’s competencies can either facilitate or block children’s participation. Secondly, the child-staff/adults’ relationships were not enough to be considered as the hierarchy within the organisation’s social order was needed to be analysed to have ‘successful’ participation projects. Thirdly, Lundy (2007) provides a model for how adults can be more accountable to children and enhance children’s influence over decision-making in their communities, but some missing elements can undermine the extent to which children’s views are appropriately acted upon. Based on a modification of Lundy’s model, this thesis proposes a tripartite collaborative and intergenerational framework involving the relationships between children and adults in power facilitated by staff members. The thesis contributes to debates about children’s participation by arguing that implementing children’s participation requires a relational and contextual focus on collaboration and intergenerational dialogue. The thesis makes recommendations for practitioners and decision-makers on how to deploy Lundy’s modified perspective to implement children’s constructive participation at the local level.
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Wildschut, Lauren Patricia. "Theory-based evaluation, logic modelling and the experience of SA non-governmental organisations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86604.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examined the origins and development of theory-based evaluation (TBE) and the logic models associated with this approach. This was done in order to better understand the roots and evolution of these models which are currently used by donor agencies both nationally and internationally. It was found that logic models, which are used for both project management and evaluation, had their origins in a range of domains including management, education and curriculum design from as early as 1909. Early evaluators from the education, training and health sectors as well as contextual factors such as the professionalization of evaluation and an ever- increasing demand for accountability contributed significantly to the development of both TBE and its associated models. A systematic review of a large sample of logic models and logical frameworks was conducted in order to bring some order and clarity to the plethora of models facing stakeholders in the field of evaluation. It was discovered that four key types of logic models and two key types of logframes face developers and users of models but that the "branding" of donors of their particular demand for accountability, obscures this fact. In order to understand the experience of South African Non-Governmental Organisations when engaging with donors and their demands for accountability a survey was carried out of those organisations which were utilising a specialised form of planning tool. The findings of this study show that South African donors, like their international counterparts, mainly use the models associated with TBE to obtain standardised and focused evidence of results from projects albeit with a distinct scepticism about the actual necessity of some of the donor requirements. Most Non-Governmental Organisations view the donor requirements, such as the logic model and logical framework, as necessary in the funding relationship despite indicating that they find the models inflexible. The study not only makes a contribution to an under-researched area in programme evaluation, it also provides insights into an under-researched area of the South African Non-Governmental sector.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n in-diepte begrip van die ontwikkeling van logika modelle ("logic models") en logika raamwerke ("logical framework") te ontwikkel ten einde die ervarings van Suid-Afrikaans nie-regeringsorganisasies met donateurs beter te begryp. In besonder was die doel om vas te stel hoe sodanige organisasies die vereistes rondom projekbeplanning, monitering, evaluasie en rapportering ervaar. Die studie het gevind dat die oorspronge van hierdie modelle, wat beide vir projekbestuur en evaluasie gebruik word, te vinde is in verskeie areas insluit bestuur, opvoedkunde and kurrikulumontwerp. Die eerste generasie evalueerders in opvoedkunde, opleiding en gesondheid sowel as kontekstuele faktore soos die professionalisering van evaluasie en die immer-toenemende vereistes van rekenpligtigheid het alles beduidend bygedra tot die ontwikkeling van logika modelle. 'n Sistematiese oorsig en ontleding van 'n beduidende steekproef van logika modelle en raamwerke is uitgevoer ten einde meer helderheid en sistematiek te kry in 'n domein waar daar uiteenlopende benaderings en modelle is. Daar is gevind dat vier sleuteltipes logika modelle en twee sleuteltipes logika raamwerke deur die meeste organisasies gebruik word maar dat verskillende befondsingsagentskappe en organisasies hul eie betekenis en inhoud aan hul logika modelle gee. Ten einde die ervarings van Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regerings organisasies te begryp is 'n opname uitgestuur aan alle organisasies wat hierdie raamwerke gebruik. Die resultate van die opname wys dat Suid-Afrikaanse befondsagentskappe, soos hulle internasionele vennote, veral modelle gebruik wat geasosieer is met teorie-gebaseerde evaluasie ten einde gestandaardiseerde en gefokusde getuienis van projektesultate te genereer. Die meerderheid Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regeringsorganisasies aanvaar die vereistes van donateurs alhoewel hierdie "aanvaarding" gepaardgaan met 'n duidelike skeptisisme oor die absolute noodsaaklikheid van somige van hierdie vereistes. Die meerderheid organisasies beskou donateur vereistes, veral wat betref die logika model en die logika raamwerk, as noodsaaklik binne die konteks van die befondsingsverhouding ten spyte van persepsies dat sodanige modelle some uiters rigied kan wees. Die studies maak 'n bydrae, nie alleen in area in programevaluasie waar daar weinig navorsing is nie, maar dit bied ook insig in die gedrag en persepsies van die Suid-Afrikaanse nie-regeringsektor wat programevaluasie praktyke betref.
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Touwen-van, der Kooij Anna. "Gender and development in Zambia : empowerment of women through local non-governmental organisations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1996. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=007905349&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Heyer, Thilo [Verfasser]. "Internationalisation into developing countries : Non-governmental organisations as potential collaboration partners / Thilo Heyer." Berlin : epubli, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225180732/34.
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Lombard, Christoffel Nicolaas. "Operationalising the Capability Approach for Non-Government Organisations : Evidence from the SEEDS Consortium." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5267.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe idea that the development of people's capabilities lies at the heart of all community and social development has gained support internationally over the past decades. This reflects a significant shift in community and society development thinking, addressing the broad spectrum of social upliftment, human rights and poverty alleviation needs that gained ground during the different historic economic phases of the past two centuries. Historically development thinking progressed from a centralised, structured and systemic approach as, for example, espoused by Adam Smith and Karl Marx, to Maynard Keynes’s more people-centred approach, and more specifically the Capability Approach advanced by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. In the world of liberal democratic capitalism, the mainstream view of development holds that civil society is a key role player in both deepening democracy and enhancing forms of development through various programmes and practices. In turn, the professionalised Non-Governmental Organisations sector, as opposed to more localised community-based organisations or social movements, tends to receive most donor funding to deliver high impact interventions. In sum, the development of society’s capabilities relies significantly on NGOs to deliver capability enhancing services to the needy in society. A key consideration in development debates has been how to efficiently operationalise the development of capability enhancing activities based in the context of the Capability Approach, the focus of my study. This study recognises that NGOs are major delivery agents of development work, both in South Africa and internationally. Their operations focus on delivering quality impact on their beneficiary communities, and on raising funds to sustain their operations. The current methods to assess the impact of NGO operations, both by NGOs and their donors, primarily address past performance of the organisation in delivering external programmes as measured against the objectives stated in NGO concept and roll-out proposal documents. These assessments are customised for every NGO, making it impossible to standardise assessments for comparative and rating purposes and focus on external delivery. When problems are uncovered, this approach results in proposing corrective recommendations during or after completion of a funding round. This study argues that a gap exists in techniques to assess NGO internal performance to improve external delivery before and during NGO operations. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing the merits of NGOs' internal capacity to deliver on the promises made in funding proposals - before and during NGO operations. In practice the assessment of an NGO for funding purposes currently consists of consideration of a project proposal in the form of a concept and roll-out document of what the organisation intends to achieve, accompanied by historic record data. The assessment of project roll-out focuses on the outputs claimed in the proposal document without paying too much attention to the NGOs internal organisational culture and capacity which is the key to successful external service delivery. In addressing this two part gap of incomplete assessment techniques and overlooked key internal indicators, the study demonstrates, via a series of ten case-studies, that a direct causal relationship exists between the internal organisational capabilities of an NGO, including the motivation, skills and culture of its staff, and its delivery on its external programmes. In essence, an organisation’s internal capabilities will impact directly on the organisation’s ability to deliver externally on its programmes. In spite of this, no standardised organisational capability assessment is used by NGOs or grantmakers, and to date no set of instruments exists to measure the internal capabilities of NGOs. The study sets out to address this gap by offering a methodology for the systemic assessment of internal NGO capabilities, and includes its operationalisation in a toolkit of instruments to measure these capabilities. The instruments presented enable the quantifying of qualitative staff motivational data to develop comparable baseline results between NGOs assessed, thereby presenting qualitative data in a quantitative form that enables a comparison between NGOs’ performances. This capacity addresses a significant shortcoming in the assessment of NGO performance based on purely qualitative assessment that is the current norm, not enabling a measurement against a standardised baseline for NGO performance. In contrast the validity and reliability of the proposed instruments are demonstrated through its application to ten real-world case studies drawn from the SEEDS Consortium. The system proposed in this study is based on Nel and Beudeker's commercial change management and organisational performance improvement model. Nel developed his system over a period of some twenty years whilst working for the then Arthur Andersen Consulting and subsequently as a private change management consultant focusing on the development of high performance organisations, and it has been administered in more than 3000 companies. This model uses key performance indicators, using quantitative methods to develop a standardised internal capability profile for a business based on qualitative data. This study expands on and makes innovative changes in developing new NGO specific metrics to substantially refine Nel's model and thus provides an instrument for measuring the capability profile of NGOs. The modifications were necessitated as Nel's model was designed for commercial change management applications presupposing that all governance considerations are in place and that the business is a running medium or large concern. Nel's proven commercial change management system does not make provision for NGO specific criteria that are critical indicators for both internal NGO performance assessment and for grant-maker capability assessments. The areas added to the instrument relate to internal NGO specific considerations such as internal governance, management, monitoring and evaluation processes that are standard and legislated compliance issues in commercial concerns. This goes beyond the requirements for a substantial commercial concern to include key internal organisation indicators that reflect the opinion of the staff, the people who deliver on the NGO's objectives. As staff are the people who directly impact on the NGO's output, the system does not only rely on the opinion of the CEO of the NGO or the fundraising staff, i.e. the "promise-makers", alone. In order to assess the value of the proposed method, and more specifically the internal capability toolkit, the measuring instruments were administered to the CEOs and staff of ten NGOs/NGO equivalent projects at universities. The responses were quantified and confirmed that in at least ten of these cases, there is a 95% correlation between internal organisational capability and external performance output, both positive and negative. The results also enabled the creation of a baseline internal capability profile for NGOs. Ten international grant-makers from OECD embassies were also interviewed on current methods of assessing funding applications, indicating a 62% confidence level in current systems and an 84% confidence level in the proposed internal organisational capability assessment method. This serves as an indicator of external delivery on promises and to guide internal change interventions to optimise output. This approach reflects the potential value of a shift in assessment thinking beyond a systems approach towards a people-centred approach that focusses on the measurement and development of the organisation and its staff's internal capabilities to meet and exceed its external delivery objectives. My research confirms that a focus on NGO internal organisational capabilities directly reflects the capability levels of staff to deliver externally. The output is a new, standardised, replicable and defendable methodology and toolkit of instruments for assessing an NGO’s current and future operational performance. The toolkit should also provide for the objective comparison of the performance of NGOs and thus be of great use for future grant-maker decision-making. It will also complement existing assessment techniques by focusing on the internal people motivation and capability issues of an NGO. Furthermore, the study provides a method to support organisational self-improvement efforts and grant-making efficiency that can be used in pre-project and during project capability assessment. This goes beyond the more prevalent post-project systemic and summative evaluation methods. In conclusion, the proposed method and toolkit can make a significant contribution to the efficiency of NGOs as the key role-players in enabling the delivery of capability development of communities and societies. All the elements described collectively point to a practical way to operationalise the Capability Approach, an aspect criticised as a weakness in Amartya Sen's work.
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Gibson, Patrick E. "Non-governmental development organizations and the state, 1968-1993." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57610.pdf.
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Shologu, Anita. "Employee perceptions of organisational culture constructs in selected non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Cape Town, Western Cape Province." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2876.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are perceived to be poorly performing partly due to their culture; the constructs of NGOs’ culture usually affect employees’ commitment and performance negatively, leading employees to leave the organisation. This discourages and demoralises employees’ mind sets to perform as expected which affects NGOs’ productivity, goals and competitiveness in a negative way. The study investigated employee perceptions in organisational culture constructs to selected NGOs in Cape Town in order to generate valuable information in understanding the role of organisational culture in the achievement of organisational objectives in NGOs. Mixed methods approach was used in this study as it allowed collecting of qualitative and quantitative data simultaneously and assessing different facets of complex outcomes in a richer way than one method alone. The study found that culture is set to boost employees’ and organisations’ performance, and that managers and owners in NGOs have knowledge of this. The study revealed that some criteria such as openness and the creativity view of the organisational culture are only considered positive to managers and owners of NGOs. This study found that managers and owners in NGOs believe the implemented organisational culture is very effective, positively affects and boosts employees’ performance. The employees, however, had a different perception; they feel excluded from the development of the organisational culture which in turn affects their commitment and performance in a negative manner. This study found that employees’ commitment towards organisational culture derives from the way it is designed and how it suits employees’ expectations. Aspects such as remuneration, a safe work environment and sustainability, were found to be important for employees’ performance and commitment. Therefore, it is evident that directing or developing NGOs’ organisational culture that focus on employees’ expectation such as remuneration and sustainable employees’ innovation and practice will receive more support from employees. Furthermore, the criteria are keen to improve the way employees perform and commit to the organisation. It was recommended that NGOs involve employees in the design or development of its organisational culture in order to have more information on employees regarding what to expect from them. Another major implication is that the issue of employee benefit or remuneration have to be addressed in order to maintain employees’ performance.
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Barcham, Lesley. "The education of deaf children in Zimbabwe : the changing roles of non-governmental organisations, the government and international organisations." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57656/.
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In this thesis I describe and analyse the development of education for deaf children in Zimbabwe, from its beginnings in the 1940s to 1994. I investigate in detail the changing policies and provision of non governmental organisations, the government and international organisations. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section examines the literature relating to deaf education in Zimbabwe. the role of international organisations and the changes from charity to government provision. I introduce four propositions developed from the literature about, first the internationalisation of the debates about deaf education provision, second the limitation of charitable provision. third the struggles between interest groups and finally the influence of organisations of deaf people. I analyse the case study methodology used to investigate policies and practices. The second section describes the changes in the education for deaf children from the 1940s to 1994. I examine the early role of churches and charities and the gradual increase of government involvement. This section also plots the complex relationships between the government, non governmental and international organisations in the development of policy and practice. In the third and final section I return to the four original propositions and discuss the key findings relating to the changes in international policies and funding, the growing influence of deaf peoples organisations and reactive nature of government policies.
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Powell, Rebecca. "British policy on human trafficking : the role of non-governmental organisations in seeking change." University of Western Australia. Political Science and International Relations Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0193.
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This thesis looks at the role of British anti-trafficking NGOs in the development of the British policy response to human trafficking. Anti-trafficking NGOs are classified as insiders in the policy process which allows them access to the decision makers during policy developments. Through their insider status, NGOs have promoted their policy agenda for a victim-centred, balanced policy response to human trafficking to the government. A balanced policy response to human trafficking that contains a law enforcement approach with adequate and supportive measures for the protection and support of trafficked victims, has been internationally hailed as being required to tackle human trafficking at a national level. Although the British government has welcomed the input of NGOs in policy developments in response to human trafficking in Britain, the government's primary association of human trafficking with illegal immigration has prevented NGOs from achieving influential success. This thesis argues that the government's associations of human trafficking with illegal immigration have prevented it from further developing its human rights response to trafficking. A victim-centred approach to trafficking will support the existing law enforcement response in achieving an increase in successful prosecutions against the traffickers. Further, it is noted that policy developments in Britain are incremental and slow and the development of a policy response to human trafficking is no exception. By looking at the latest stage of British policy developments on human trafficking, the possibility of a balanced response has emerged for the first time. However, although the government has indicated its commitment to achieving such a response, no practical policy initiatives have been developed or implemented to affirm this commitment. This thesis contributes to the existing and growing body of literature on human trafficking policy in the UK. It aims to contribute to an understanding of how British anti-trafficking NGOs have used their status as insiders in the policy making process in order to influence policy developments, and to understand the limited success that they have experienced.
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Teka, Tegegne. "International non-governmental organisations in rural development in Ethiopia : the case of Wolaita province." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295385.
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Al-Kaiawin, M. M. "The relationship between non-governmental organisations and the government in Jordan : cooperation or cooptation." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635689.
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There is widespread recognition of the central role played by non-governmental organisations in a modern pluralistic society, together with a growing realisation that the participation of NGOs an enhance the democratic process, as well as provide many services more effectively than governmental bodies. However, such a model of NGO role tends to be based on western, first world experience; its uncritical application to a third world context may entail unforeseen problems if local cultural, political and economic factors are inadequately understood. The lack of research on Jordanian NGOs makes it desirable to start by analysing their present status and exploring their relationship with the government. This research has reviewed the mainly western literature on NGOs, as well as literature on NGOs in the Arab world, and then has gone on to describe the political, economic and social context in which Jordanian NGOs have to operate. The results of a survey conducted on a stratified random sample of 76 NGOs in Jordan are presented in addition to in-depth interviews with policy makers, NGO representatives and experts in the field. The rational for a combination of both qualitative and quantitative investigative methods as deemed appropriate to the Jordanian context and to the topic of the research are presented. The research reveals that several factors affect the relationship between the public and NGO sectors; these include political, managerial, structural, financial and legal issues. The main findings of the research show that NGOs in Jordan rely mainly on a relief and service delivery approach, which is understandable in the light of the political and economic situation in the country since its establishment. This thrust negates an active advocacy role for NGOs. Both NGOs and the government believe it is necessary to amend the current law governing the establishment and existence of NGOs, reflecting a general tendency that appears often in the research in which both NGO and governmental representatives express their wish for an improvement on the present NGO-government relationship, without necessarily changing it.
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Lister, Sarah Ann. "Consultation as a legitimising practice : a study of British non-governmental organisations in Guatemala." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392919.
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Uwanyirigira, Evode, and Oybek Nasirov. "Managing Beneficiary Involvement in Non-Governmental Organisations : Implementing with, for, and by the Beneficiairies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-131025.
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Lack of appropriate level of beneficiary involvement during the project lifecycle may lead to mismatch between the project output and needs of beneficiaries. Therefore, involving beneficiaries in the project helps to assure that the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) provide the right solution to needs of beneficiaries as well as sustaining project results. Although beneficiary involvement is useful, the challenge is to determine how and when to involve beneficiaries in the project. The purpose of this study is to improve the process of managing beneficiary involvement in NGOs. To achieve this, a review of the existing literature was done to have an initial understanding of beneficiary involvement. During our literature review, we identified six progressive levels of involvement which include: information sharing, listening and learning, joint assessment, shared decision-making, collaboration and empowerment. Based on this literature review, we suggested a framework for managing beneficiary involvement. In addition, we conducted a multiple case study and collected data from five different cases through interviews. Our respondents were professionals with several years of experience in developing and implementing development projects which are aimed at improving the livelihood of vulnerable communities. Through the analysis of the empirical findings, we got new insights on how the process of beneficiary involvement is managed. We identified four additional levels of beneficiary involvement within the project cycle. These include incentive system, peer facilitators, group forming, and cost sharing. The study also reveals the factors that affect beneficiary involvement, such as cultural context and, donors’ influence and requirements. We also highlighted that the appropriate level of beneficiary involvement should be chosen depending on the project context. Regardless of these factors, the research findings show that beneficiary involvement creates a sense of ownership, enhances project outcome and is useful in sustaining a project’s results in the long term. Therefore, NGOs should endeavour to involve beneficiaries as much as possible to ensure that the projects being implemented are addressing community needs.
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Msibi, W. N. "JOB SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO QUIT OF EMPLOYEES IN NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN SWAZILAND." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/380.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this study was to identify and describe the factors contributing to job satisfaction among employees of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Swaziland and to understand the drivers leading employees to think of quitting.
Non-governmental organisations are institutions that provide employment opportunities in addition to the private sector and government institutions. The success of NGOs is determined by the availability and commitment of efficient and effective human resources. However, currently, most NGOs are highly affected by staff turnover and, therefore, the quality of the service they provide to the beneficiaries is affected and the financial and non-financial costs of filling vacant posts is significantly increased.
To investigate this, a quantitative study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A total of 300 employees working in NGOs throughout Swaziland were invited to complete the questionnaire and 197 useable responses were collected. The reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) and construct validity (factor analysis) of the questionnaire were determined. This questionnaire was found to be reliable and valid.
The statistical results obtained in this study showed that both forms of job satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic) have an inverse relationship with employees’ intentions to quit and that intrinsic job satisfaction was found to have a stronger influence on intention to quit.
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Sharma, (Ghimirey) Gopal. "Non-governmental organisations and empowerment of women : a study on some selected NGOs of darjeeling district of West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1393.
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Hornby, Diana Scot. "Learning organisations: an exploration of the extent to which early childhood development non-government organisations (NGOS) in the Eastern Cape Province are learning organisations." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/242.
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The first decade of democracy marks a massive transition in the life of South African children. The South African Constitution is perhaps the most assertive affirmation of the rights of children any where in the world. The new Government has highlighted the plight of young children by publishing the first white paper for children under the age of 6 years: Education White Paper (5) on Early Childhood Development (RSA, 2001) as well as other policies to guide an integrated developmental approach to early childhood services. Despite progress, according to Porteus (in Chisholm 2004), the gains have not been strong enough to work against the momentum of inequity facing the nation’s young. Non Government Organisations have played a key role over the past thirty years to establish services that address the developmental needs of disadvantaged young children under the age of 6 years. Their challenge now, is to respond to the changes in a transforming state and provide services that are relevant and appropriate. There has been a ‘realignment’ occurring in the ECD sector where activities have shifted beyond the formal classroom possibilities to pro-child social development. This adjustment is making huge demands on the ECD sector as they grapple with the paradigm shift. The Learning Organisation is a strategy that allows organisations to re-invent themselves and remain relevant. The focus of this study examines five ECD NGO’s in the Eastern Cape Province, to assess the extent to which they meet the characteristics that make a learning organisation, in the current democratic context of South Africa. The research was qualitative in nature and utilizing the case study method and through semi-structured interview schedules and document analysis, the researcher was able to gain insight into the Organisations. The Directors in five organisations formed the core of the research sample. The research findings suggest that although the Directors are grappling with the paradigm shift to an integrated, pro-child social development approach, the human resources within organisations are not being fully mobilised, enhanced and tapped. Practicing a Learning Organisation strategy would assist the ECD NGO’s to re-invent themselves, but the research findings suggest that these characteristics remain under-utilized.