Academic literature on the topic 'Non-government organisations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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Kusumasari, Bevaola. "Network organisation in supporting post‐disaster management in Indonesia." International Journal of Emergency Services 1, no. 1 (July 13, 2012): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20470891211239326.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the support network organisations between local government, non‐government organisations (NGOs) and community groups in post‐disaster management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of an exploratory case study which concentrates on the Bantul district, Indonesia. The Bantul local government, located in Yogyakarta Provincial Indonesia, was selected as a case study because it had experience in managing post‐disaster conditions after the 2006 earthquake. Data were gathered through in‐depth interviews with 40 key informants with knowledge about the case.FindingsThe research revealed that this local government has made significant achievements in managing network organisations for logistic and humanitarian aid implementation. Inter‐organisational networks, citizen‐to‐organisation networks and organisation‐to‐citizen networks have become prominent resources for local government in managing a disaster because they address the lack of local government capability through negotiated efforts or partnership with other government levels, social institutions, non‐profit sector organisations and the community, in order to mobilize and utilize available capacity effectively.Originality/valueThis paper presents lessons learnt from local government in organising the support network for logistic and humanitarian aid to respond to disasters.
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M. Jolley, Gwyneth, and Stacey Masters. "Exploring the Links between Community Health Services and Non-Government Organisations in Two Regions of South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 1 (2002): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02009.
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This paper describes the links between community health services and non-government organisations in two regions of South Australia, and the factors impacting on these collaborative ventures. Changes in the organisation and funding of human services have created both opportunities and challenges for community health services and non-government organisations, as distinct entities and in relationship with one another. This study confirms that there are primary promoters of, and requisites for, effective collaboration, such as shared client group, similar values and approaches, and capacity at individual and organisational levels. Time and resource constraints are revealed as the most significant barriers to collaboration. Government policy and practice have a powerful influence on collaboration between community health services and non-government organisations. Government policy directions and models of funding may act to support or inhibit collaboration and the effects of these should be evaluated in terms of their impact on the capacity of organisations to work together to provide integrated and coordinated care.
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Smart, Judith, and Marian Quartly. "Australian Women's Non-Government Organisations and Government." Australian Feminist Studies 29, no. 82 (October 2, 2014): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2014.971694.
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Marstein, Sigurd. "NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS." African Security Review 4, no. 6 (January 1995): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1995.9627651.
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Colbran, Richard, Robyn Ramsden, Karen Stagnitti, and Samantha Adams. "Measures to assess the performance of an Australian non-government charitable non-acute health service: A Delphi Survey of Organisational Stakeholders." Health Services Management Research 31, no. 1 (August 17, 2017): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951484817725681.
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Organisation performance measurement is relevant for non-profit charitable organisations as they strive for security in an increasingly competitive funding environment. This study aimed to identify the priority measures and indicators of organisational performance of an Australian non-government charitable organisation that delivers non-acute health services. Seventy-seven and 59 participants across nine stakeholder groups responded to a two-staged Delphi technique study of a case study organisation. The stage one questionnaire was developed using information garnered through a detailed review of literature. Data from the first round were aggregated and analysed for the stage two survey. The final data represented a group consensus. Quality of care was ranked the most important of six organisational performance measures. Service user satisfaction was ranked second followed by financial performance, internal processes, employee learning and growth and community engagement. Thirteen priority indicators were determined across the six measures. Consensus was reached on the priority organisational performance measures and indicators. Stakeholders of the case study organisation value evidence-based practice, technical strength of services and service user satisfaction over more commercially orientated indicators.
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Nanavati, Arti. "Performance Evaluation of Non-government Development Organisations." Journal of Health Management 9, no. 2 (May 2007): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340700900208.
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In the last 25 years or so due to growing disenchantment with the functioning of the government and the fear that ‘market’ may not reach everywhere, NGOs have increasingly been recognised as a ‘third’ institutional pillar for the development of an economy. The issues that loomed large in the form of growth of the economy during the 1960s and 1970s were supplemented in 1980s and 1990s, with issues pertaining environment, gender and decentralised governance leading to ‘people-centred’ development. NGOs as a ‘third sector’ of the economy provided an important institutional fill-up for issues not adequately addressed by government or market. With so much at stake with respect to NGOs, it is necessary to evaluate their performance so as to ascertain their effective role in the process of development of an economy. A review of the literature indicates that most studies at a descriptive level relate either to their evolution or functioning, and at theoretical level (in organisational theories and in economics) to their being ‘institutions’ distinct from government and market. Both these aspects, though important, call for the need to study the performance of NGOs as they are regarded as catalysts for sustainable development with unique and complex organisational characteristics. The present article, in order to fill the gap in the literature, addresses the issue of evaluation of the functioning of NGOs and focuses on the methodological issues of performance evaluation.
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Taylor, Laurence. "Participatory Evaluation with Non-Government Organisations (NGO's)." Community Development Journal 26, no. 1 (1991): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/26.1.8.
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Izotova, Elena N. "The Interaction between Government Authorities and Religious Organizations. Ways of Further Improvement." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-52-55.
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The article is devoted to the study of cooperation between State government bodies and religious organisations. The author consideres civil provisions of religious organisations, control methods over their activities, basic methods of communication of this type of non-profit organisation with government entities. Relevant standards of Russian legislation are reviewed and measures for its improvement are proposed.
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Wood, Lisa, Trevor Shilton, Lyn Dimer, Julie Smith, and Timothy Leahy. "Beyond the rhetoric: how can non-government organisations contribute to reducing health disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, no. 4 (2011): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11057.
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The prevailing disparities in Aboriginal health in Australia are a sobering reminder of failed health reforms, compounded by inadequate attention to the social determinants shaping health and well-being. Discourse around health reform often focuses on the role of government, health professionals and health institutions. However, not-for-profit health organisations are also playing an increasing role in health policy, research and program delivery across the prevention to treatment spectrum. This paper describes the journey of the National Heart Foundation of Australia in West Australia (Heart Foundation WA hereafter) with Aboriginal employees and the Aboriginal community in taking a more proactive role in reducing Aboriginal health disparities, focusing in particular on lessons learnt that are applicable to other non-government organisations. Although the Heart Foundation WA has employed and worked with Aboriginal people and has long identified the Aboriginal community as a priority population, recent years have seen greater embedding of this within its organisational culture, governance, policies and programs. In turn, this has shaped the organisation’s response to external health reforms and issues. Responses have included the development of an action plan to eliminate disparities of cardiovascular care in the hospital system, and collaboration and engagement with health professional groups involved in delivery of care to Aboriginal people. Examples of governance measures are also described in this paper. Although strategies and the lessons learnt have been in the context of cardiovascular health disparities, they are applicable to other organisations across the health sector. Moreover, the most powerful lesson learnt is universal in its relevance; individual programs, policies and reforms are more likely to succeed when they are underpinned by whole of organisation ownership and internalisation of the need to redress disparities in health.
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Mann, J. "Non-government organisations should be catalysts for change." BMJ 310, no. 6979 (March 4, 1995): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6979.596.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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Stephens, Barbara Jean. "International Development Non-Government Organisations and Partnership." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7877.
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International develoment non-government organisations (INGOs)are a recognised component of Aotearoa New Zealand society. In 2012 CID advised the Government that INGOs are the key conduit for many thousands of New Zealanders that donated over $114 million in 2011 in support of international development and disaster relief. Since the 1970s the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TRade (MFAT) has managed the allocation of a proportion of Government Overseas Development Assistance to subsidise the money raised from the public by the INGOs. The impact of INGO involvement in development projects and programmes has received considerable academic scrutiny; however little attention has been paid to the understanding and operation of partnership within international activities . This thesis focuses on the partnership practices of New Zealand INGOs.
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Morris, Charlotte L. "Leadership in charitable non-government organisations (NGOs) : integrating individual and organisational beliefs." Full text available, 2006. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20070511.111236.
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Morris, Charlotte Lucy. "Leadership in charitable non-government organisations (NGO's): Integrating individual and organisational beliefs." Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1815.
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The exploration of the four key themes of leadership, spirituality, ethics and values and their relationship between and with employers and employees in human service charitable NGOs in Perth, Western Australian, provided the main purpose for the current research. In addition, the purpose included examining the impact of charities operating as if they were for-profit businesses; the impact of faith and secularity on the work of charities; and possible gender differences arising from the themes within this context. The qualitative research was undertaken using hermeneutic phenomenological methodology; however, feminism, post-modernism and narrative practices were used to elicit additional perspectives from the resulting material. The current research used a broad-ranging, multi-disciplinary approach, thus encompassing a literature review of the philosophical, ethical, psychological, theological and anthropological disciplines as it tracked some of the material’s substantial heritage. Additionally, the research focussed on the experience of charitable workplace cultures which provide the context for the delivery of human services, and discussed the current charitable human services paradigm. A total of 46 individuals from 8 different charities participated through in-depth interviews. They included organisational leaders, management and front-line workers who provided collectively and individually a rich mine of material for exploration and discovery from which to unravel the essence of the responses.The emerging conclusions provide the capacity to view the charitable organisation from a gendered perspective, as female, thus reflecting the profile of the workforce; while also uncovering substantial discrimination and inequity in employment conditions. Leadership styles were gendered, as were the discourses on ethics, values and spirituality. Organisational size was a key factor in determining values and changing perspectives matched more closely, the business paradigm. The faith and secularity of each NGO also presented opportunities to map organisational intention around leadership, spirituality, ethics and values such that further research opportunities have been highlighted across the results.
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Morris, Charlotte Lucy. "Leadership in charitable non-government organisations (NGO's): Integrating individual and organisational beliefs." Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Business School, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17015.
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The exploration of the four key themes of leadership, spirituality, ethics and values and their relationship between and with employers and employees in human service charitable NGOs in Perth, Western Australian, provided the main purpose for the current research. In addition, the purpose included examining the impact of charities operating as if they were for-profit businesses; the impact of faith and secularity on the work of charities; and possible gender differences arising from the themes within this context. The qualitative research was undertaken using hermeneutic phenomenological methodology; however, feminism, post-modernism and narrative practices were used to elicit additional perspectives from the resulting material. The current research used a broad-ranging, multi-disciplinary approach, thus encompassing a literature review of the philosophical, ethical, psychological, theological and anthropological disciplines as it tracked some of the material’s substantial heritage. Additionally, the research focussed on the experience of charitable workplace cultures which provide the context for the delivery of human services, and discussed the current charitable human services paradigm. A total of 46 individuals from 8 different charities participated through in-depth interviews. They included organisational leaders, management and front-line workers who provided collectively and individually a rich mine of material for exploration and discovery from which to unravel the essence of the responses.The emerging conclusions provide the capacity to view the charitable organisation from a gendered perspective, as female, thus reflecting the profile of the workforce; while also uncovering substantial discrimination and inequity in employment conditions. Leadership styles were gendered, as were the discourses on ethics, values and spirituality. Organisational size was a key factor in determining values and changing perspectives matched more closely, the business paradigm. The faith and secularity of each NGO also presented opportunities to map organisational intention around leadership, spirituality, ethics and values such that further research opportunities have been highlighted across the results.
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Davies, Richard J. "Order and diversity: representing and assisting organisational learning in non-government aid organisations." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558557.
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The aim of this thesis is to develop a coherent theory of organisational learning which can generate practical means of assisting organisational learning. The thesis develops and applies this theory to one class of organisations known as non-government organisations (NGOs), and more specifically to those NGOs who receive funds from high income countries but who work for the benefit of the poor in low income countries. Of central concern are the processes whereby these NGOs learn from the rural and urban poor with whom they work. The basis of the theory of organisational learning used in this thesis is modem evolutionary theory, and more particularly, evolutionary epistemology. It is argued that this theory provides a means of both representing and assisting organisational learning. Firstly, it provides a simple definition of learning that can be operationalised at multiple scales of analysis: that of individuals, organisations, and populations of organisations. Differences in the forms of organisational learning that do take place can be represented using a number of observable attributes of learning which are derived from an interpretation of evolutionary theory. The same evolutionary theory can also provide useful explanations of processes thus defined and represented. Secondly, an analysis of organisational learning using these observable attributes and background theory also suggest two ways in which organisational learning can be assisted. One is the use of specific methods within NGOs: a type of participatory monitoring. The second is the use of particular interventions by their donors: demands for particular types of information which are indicative of how and where the NGO is learning In addition to these practical implications, it is argued that a specific concern with organisational learning can be related to a wider problematic which should be of concern to Development Studies: one which is described as "the management of diversity". Individual theories, organisations, and larger social structures may not survive in the face of diversity and change. In surviving they may constrain and / or enable other agents, with feedback effects into the scale and forms of diversity possible. The management of diversity can be analysed descriptively and prescriptively, at multiple scales of aggregation.
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Wild, Nigel Robert. "Ethical procurement strategies for international aid non-government organisations." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/11988/.
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International aid non-governmental organisations (IANGOs) are expected by the public and government institutions funding them to focus upon maximising effectiveness for the delivery of aid and in the process adopt ethical procurement (EP) practices. Concerns have been voiced by governments and media regarding the perceived lack of coordination between IANGOs. The motivation for this thesis stems from a societal and personal evaluation of the need for ethical behaviour in the procurement of goods and services for international aid and is supported by a willingness by IANGOs to explore the potential for conducting procurement practices in their supply networks in an ethical manner. To address these issues this research aims to explore ethical procurement strategies for IANGOs in humanitarian supply chains. To achieve these aims our methodological approach is qualitative, which means that it studies the subjects in their natural environments, and seeks to understand phenomena by understanding the meanings given to them by actors. We undertook a multiple case study approach and conducted in-depth interviews with senior logistics and purchasing managers in IANGO organisations, together with a survey of IANGO suppliers. Our contribution to EP strategies for IANGOs at the strategic level is to develop a conceptual framework for collaborative ethical procurement due diligence (CEPDD) between IANGOs in HSCs. At the tactical level we identify inhibitors and enables to CEPDD between IANGOs, their suppliers’ networks and donors. At the operational level we develop a risk-rating framework which provides IANGOs with a tool to establish a collaborative procurement code of conduct (COC) ethics system which can be used to assess ethical risks in HSCs. Our findings demonstrate SC co-opetition strategies are being enacted by IANGOs to explore the formulation of CEPDD. We establish there are concerns surrounding ethical risk in HSCs that differ from CSCs in relation to IANGO relationships with donors, and supplier networks. We apply our risk rating framework to highlight inhibitors to CEPDD throughout IANGO supplier networks and donor relations, and in doing so we determine that apart from the actions of a lead IANGO, ethical procurement due diligence is not instigated in a formalised manner. Tactically our risk-rating framework is of practical importance as it allows IANGOs to access the relevant information concerning inhibitors and enablers in order to evaluate CEPDD ideas and schemes, and to make informed decisions towards participation. These factors facilitate initiatives by directing efforts towards issues of concern and shifting focus towards the critical problem areas which need to be addressed. Operationally it provides a guide in horizontal cooperation considerations in CEPDD by acting as a basis of decision choices for the construction of a framework of COCs between IANGOs.
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Shepherd, Mark. "Practice-based capacity building for staff in Cambodian non-government organisations." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438515.
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Adhikari, Mukunda Prasad. "Social auditing: Practices and challenges of non-government organisations (NGOs) in Nepal." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102466/5/Mukunda_Prasad_Adhikari_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the nature of management-driven social audit and surrogates-driven social audit within the NGO sector in Nepal, and how they are used to create NGOs' accountability. While extant research largely looked at social audits within the corporate field, there is a limited study focusing on social audit within the NGO sector. Embracing surrogate accountability framework, thesis utilised 46 semi-structured in-depth interviews and document analysis to understand social audits and accountability. While NGOs claimed that management-driven audit facilitates stakeholders' empowerment; stakeholders-driven audit produced shadow accounts highlighted that NGOs' claim of their accountability and stakeholders' empowerment is questionable. This thesis provides in-depth understanding on underlying contradictions, tension, struggles and conflicts between NGOs and their stakeholders.
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Pillai, Savishna. "To what extent does governance affect funding of non-government organisations in Mauritius?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13741.
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This research study To what extent does governance affect funding of non-governmental organisations in Mauritius? was conducted in year 2013 and 2014. It sought to investigate how good governance practices had increasingly become a prerequisite in the service delivery of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in the country. Mauritius is often referred as the ‘Star’ of the Indian Ocean due to its successful socioeconomic development, rapid growth in its standard of living and the consolidation of its democratic institutions. However, the country, without any natural resources and heavily dependent on its multi ethnic population, remained among the most vulnerable countries in the world to global economic changes. In recent years the number of NGOs had mushroomed around the island to bring unprecedented contributions to grassroots communities’ development. This had raised the need to address the importance and impact NGOs have had on policies and in advancing initiatives that used to be exclusively in the domain of the State and Private Sector. With increased importance, came increased responsibility. The State aimed for NGOs to develop a system of proper governance. The rationale of this study was based on the premise that many NGOs in Mauritius were not aware of the characteristics of good governance practices. In addition, it explored the correlation between good governance and funding. Studies on governance of NGOs worldwide, demonstrated that most of them were facing funding issues due to failure in applying good governance practices. Also, among the main objectives of the research study were to identify between good and bad governance practices which affected the administration of NGOs.
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Lombard, Christoffel Nicolaas. "Operationalising the Capability Approach for Non-Government Organisations : Evidence from the SEEDS Consortium." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5267.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe idea that the development of people's capabilities lies at the heart of all community and social development has gained support internationally over the past decades. This reflects a significant shift in community and society development thinking, addressing the broad spectrum of social upliftment, human rights and poverty alleviation needs that gained ground during the different historic economic phases of the past two centuries. Historically development thinking progressed from a centralised, structured and systemic approach as, for example, espoused by Adam Smith and Karl Marx, to Maynard Keynes’s more people-centred approach, and more specifically the Capability Approach advanced by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. In the world of liberal democratic capitalism, the mainstream view of development holds that civil society is a key role player in both deepening democracy and enhancing forms of development through various programmes and practices. In turn, the professionalised Non-Governmental Organisations sector, as opposed to more localised community-based organisations or social movements, tends to receive most donor funding to deliver high impact interventions. In sum, the development of society’s capabilities relies significantly on NGOs to deliver capability enhancing services to the needy in society. A key consideration in development debates has been how to efficiently operationalise the development of capability enhancing activities based in the context of the Capability Approach, the focus of my study. This study recognises that NGOs are major delivery agents of development work, both in South Africa and internationally. Their operations focus on delivering quality impact on their beneficiary communities, and on raising funds to sustain their operations. The current methods to assess the impact of NGO operations, both by NGOs and their donors, primarily address past performance of the organisation in delivering external programmes as measured against the objectives stated in NGO concept and roll-out proposal documents. These assessments are customised for every NGO, making it impossible to standardise assessments for comparative and rating purposes and focus on external delivery. When problems are uncovered, this approach results in proposing corrective recommendations during or after completion of a funding round. This study argues that a gap exists in techniques to assess NGO internal performance to improve external delivery before and during NGO operations. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing the merits of NGOs' internal capacity to deliver on the promises made in funding proposals - before and during NGO operations. In practice the assessment of an NGO for funding purposes currently consists of consideration of a project proposal in the form of a concept and roll-out document of what the organisation intends to achieve, accompanied by historic record data. The assessment of project roll-out focuses on the outputs claimed in the proposal document without paying too much attention to the NGOs internal organisational culture and capacity which is the key to successful external service delivery. In addressing this two part gap of incomplete assessment techniques and overlooked key internal indicators, the study demonstrates, via a series of ten case-studies, that a direct causal relationship exists between the internal organisational capabilities of an NGO, including the motivation, skills and culture of its staff, and its delivery on its external programmes. In essence, an organisation’s internal capabilities will impact directly on the organisation’s ability to deliver externally on its programmes. In spite of this, no standardised organisational capability assessment is used by NGOs or grantmakers, and to date no set of instruments exists to measure the internal capabilities of NGOs. The study sets out to address this gap by offering a methodology for the systemic assessment of internal NGO capabilities, and includes its operationalisation in a toolkit of instruments to measure these capabilities. The instruments presented enable the quantifying of qualitative staff motivational data to develop comparable baseline results between NGOs assessed, thereby presenting qualitative data in a quantitative form that enables a comparison between NGOs’ performances. This capacity addresses a significant shortcoming in the assessment of NGO performance based on purely qualitative assessment that is the current norm, not enabling a measurement against a standardised baseline for NGO performance. In contrast the validity and reliability of the proposed instruments are demonstrated through its application to ten real-world case studies drawn from the SEEDS Consortium. The system proposed in this study is based on Nel and Beudeker's commercial change management and organisational performance improvement model. Nel developed his system over a period of some twenty years whilst working for the then Arthur Andersen Consulting and subsequently as a private change management consultant focusing on the development of high performance organisations, and it has been administered in more than 3000 companies. This model uses key performance indicators, using quantitative methods to develop a standardised internal capability profile for a business based on qualitative data. This study expands on and makes innovative changes in developing new NGO specific metrics to substantially refine Nel's model and thus provides an instrument for measuring the capability profile of NGOs. The modifications were necessitated as Nel's model was designed for commercial change management applications presupposing that all governance considerations are in place and that the business is a running medium or large concern. Nel's proven commercial change management system does not make provision for NGO specific criteria that are critical indicators for both internal NGO performance assessment and for grant-maker capability assessments. The areas added to the instrument relate to internal NGO specific considerations such as internal governance, management, monitoring and evaluation processes that are standard and legislated compliance issues in commercial concerns. This goes beyond the requirements for a substantial commercial concern to include key internal organisation indicators that reflect the opinion of the staff, the people who deliver on the NGO's objectives. As staff are the people who directly impact on the NGO's output, the system does not only rely on the opinion of the CEO of the NGO or the fundraising staff, i.e. the "promise-makers", alone. In order to assess the value of the proposed method, and more specifically the internal capability toolkit, the measuring instruments were administered to the CEOs and staff of ten NGOs/NGO equivalent projects at universities. The responses were quantified and confirmed that in at least ten of these cases, there is a 95% correlation between internal organisational capability and external performance output, both positive and negative. The results also enabled the creation of a baseline internal capability profile for NGOs. Ten international grant-makers from OECD embassies were also interviewed on current methods of assessing funding applications, indicating a 62% confidence level in current systems and an 84% confidence level in the proposed internal organisational capability assessment method. This serves as an indicator of external delivery on promises and to guide internal change interventions to optimise output. This approach reflects the potential value of a shift in assessment thinking beyond a systems approach towards a people-centred approach that focusses on the measurement and development of the organisation and its staff's internal capabilities to meet and exceed its external delivery objectives. My research confirms that a focus on NGO internal organisational capabilities directly reflects the capability levels of staff to deliver externally. The output is a new, standardised, replicable and defendable methodology and toolkit of instruments for assessing an NGO’s current and future operational performance. The toolkit should also provide for the objective comparison of the performance of NGOs and thus be of great use for future grant-maker decision-making. It will also complement existing assessment techniques by focusing on the internal people motivation and capability issues of an NGO. Furthermore, the study provides a method to support organisational self-improvement efforts and grant-making efficiency that can be used in pre-project and during project capability assessment. This goes beyond the more prevalent post-project systemic and summative evaluation methods. In conclusion, the proposed method and toolkit can make a significant contribution to the efficiency of NGOs as the key role-players in enabling the delivery of capability development of communities and societies. All the elements described collectively point to a practical way to operationalise the Capability Approach, an aspect criticised as a weakness in Amartya Sen's work.
Books on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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Gautam, Toya. Non-government organisations: Challenges and opportunities. Lalitpur: Sahakarya, 2004.
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Office, Victoria Audit. Grants to non-government organisations: Improving accountability. Victoria: Govt. Printer, 2000.
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Tappin, Emma. Review of non-government organisations in Tuvalu. [Tuvalu]: Tuvalu Association of Non-Governmental Organisations, 2000.
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Fernando, Vijita. Non-government organisations (NGOs) in Sri Lanka: An introduction. Colombo, Sri Lanka: NGO Water Supply & Sanitation Decade Service, 1991.
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Fernando, Vijita. Non-government organisations (NGOs) in Sri Lanka: An introduction. Colombo, Sri Lanka: NGO Water Supply & Sanitation Decade Service, 1991.
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Lekyo, Christopher M. A directory of (non-government) voluntary organisations in Kenya. Nairobi: (s.n.), 1988.
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Binkowski, Geoff. A guide to government assistance to business & non-profit organisations. Melbourne, VIC: Business Library, 1990.
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(Indonesia), United Nations Development Programme. Community livelihoods and civil society organisations in Papua, Indonesia: A snapshot by local non-government organisations. Jakarta]: UNDP, 2005.
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David, Brown. Strategies of social development: Non-government organisations and the limitations of the Freirean approach. Reading: University of Reading, Faculty of Education and Community Studies, 1994.
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Saha, Dilip. Towards universal literacy-role of the non-government organisations: Challenges for the 1990's. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Development for the Poor, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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Kelly, Linda. "Ethical Behaviour in Non-government Organisations." In Ethical Questions and International NGOs, 207–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8592-4_11.
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Mai, Lan Thi Quynh. "Vietnamese Students’ Transition to International Non-Government Organisations." In Higher Education Dynamics, 235–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78492-2_13.
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Pham, Lien. "Communication practices in Vietnamese non-government organisations as civic actions." In Activism and Authoritarian Governance in Asia, 28–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003243106-4.
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Hoque, Zahirul. "Measuring Performance in Government and Non-Profit Organisations: The Role of the Balanced Scorecard." In Best Practices in Management Accounting, 211–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230361553_14.
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Hayter, Roger. "Environmentalism Qua Environmental Non-Government Organisations and the Contested Remapping of British Columbia’s Forests." In The GeoJournal Library, 17–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3814-3_2.
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Farmer, Jane, Anthony McCosker, Kath Albury, and Amir Aryani. "Case Studies of Data Projects." In Data for Social Good, 27–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5554-9_2.
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AbstractThree illustrative case studies are provided of non-profit organisations’ data projects conducted by the authors, with partner non-profits, during 2017–2021. The case studies all use a collaborative data action methodology, but differ in the nature of datasets analysed, visualisations and data products generated. Case Study 1 included government departments and agencies and used datasets from public consultation, social media and news media. It generated timeline and topic visualisations about changes in the public conversation about family violence following a new policy. Case Study 2 engaged staff across several departments of three non-profits of different sizes and used operational data plus open public data to show the impact of mental health and youth employment programmes and to inform staff retention policy. Case Study 3 describes a data collaborative involving six non-profits and a bank that united to geospatially analyse internal data of organisations and open public data to examine community resilience. Overall, project participants benefitted from new learning about working with data and built relationships within and across organisations.
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Bakir, Vian, and Andrew McStay. "Defending the Civic Body from False Information Online." In Optimising Emotions, Incubating Falsehoods, 205–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13551-4_8.
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AbstractWe have established that false information online harms the civic body, driven by the economics of emotion and the politics of emotion. What should be done about this? Multi-stakeholder solutions have been proffered by various countries’ governmental inquiries into disinformation and fake news, and by supranational bodies including the United Nations, European Union and Commonwealth. This chapter assesses seven solution areas: namely, (1) coercive and non-coercive government action, (2) cybersecurity, (3) digital intermediaries/platforms, (4) advertisers, (5) professional political persuaders and public relations, (6) media organisations and (7) education. As well as being intrinsically difficult areas to solve individually, let alone in concert, the chapter concludes that such solutions merely tinker at the edges as they do not address a fundamental incubator for false information online: namely, the business model for social media platforms built on the economics of emotion.
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Heere, Wybo P. "Legitimacy, Recognition, Democratic Control, Transparency and Accountability of Non-Governmental Organisations." In From Government to Governance, 95–122. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-621-3_7.
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Tutton, Tom. "Behavioural Support Within an Australian Non-government Organisation." In Advancing Inclusive and Special Education in the Asia-Pacific, 101–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7177-6_6.
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Heggart, Keith. "Alternative and Non-government Organisation Forms of Civics and Citizenship Education." In Activist Citizenship Education, 109–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4694-9_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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ZDANOVSKIS, Kristaps. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NONGOVERNMENTAL SECTOR IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.156.
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Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) have played their role in political processesfor centuries, continuing to expand their activity and engage the public. The NGO sector in Latvia is young in comparison with Western countries. The first organisations emerged in Latvia after the country regainedthe second independence in the 1990s. The NGO sector in Latvia does not differ from that in other countries and has retaining its nature – any organisation is established voluntarily by a group of individuals with similar beliefs to advocate public interests at political level, for non-commercial purposes and with no government influence. Statistical data show the engagement of the public in NGO activities, which is promoted by progress in the world and such opportunities of the digital era as the Internet, mobile applications, social networks or e-platforms that can inform and mobilise the public fast for tackling some problem. As the NGO sector developed and its scope of activity expanded, new problems were identified, e.g. inability to establish a single system for the activity and financial transparency of organisations. To exist in a long-term, NGOs need to adapt to a system. Organisations that have built up experience and made achievements represent future potential for new public activists in their work with public administration entities and decision-makers to meet the public’s needs and in the interests of the public, thus, in cooperation, making a better and wealthier life for the country’s residents. The research aim is to analyse the NGO sector in Latvia. The research employed the following methods: monographic, descriptive, analysis and synthesis, as well as logical construction.
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Rakhmindyarto, Rakhmindyarto. "Climate Policies in Indonesia’s Development Agenda: Why a Carbon Tax is Marginalised." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.83.
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Drawing on the results of an exploratory qualitative study based on in-depth interviews involving government executives, politicians, business players, and non-government organisations (NGOs), this paper explores climate policies in Indonesia’s national development agenda, including whether a carbon tax could be one of the national priority policy goals. The results suggest that there is heterogeneity in how Indonesian key stakeholders perceive climate policies in Indonesia’s development agenda. Indonesian stakeholders are cognisant of the adverse impacts of climate change on social, economic, and environmental aspects. They also acknowledge that having clear and sound climate mitigation policies is required to achieve Indonesia’s ambitious GHG emissions reduction target. However, Indonesia’s development policy goals are focusing on economic growth, in particular boosting infrastructure investments, reducing poverty and inequality, and job expansion. This makes climate policies are compromised and has created conflicts between Indonesia’s development agenda and its commitment to deal with climate change issues. Overall, the study finds that climate policies are incompatible with Indonesia’s development agenda, therefore a carbon tax is placed at the bottom of the national policy goals.
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Upshall, Ian. "The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS)." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4808.
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The creation and subsequent access to accurate information is widely accepted as a vital component of a national radioactive waste management strategy. Information on the origin and quantity of the waste together with its physical, chemical and radiological characteristics provides a catalyst for sound and transparent decision making. This information will originate from a number of potentially disparate sources, including material manufacturers, facility operators, waste producers, Government and Non-Government organisations and regulators. The challenge to those with a role in information management in further increased by the fact that much of the information created is required to support activities, not only in the immediate future, but also in the longer-term — typically many decades or even centuries. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has published a number of guidance documents under the Safety Series, one of which makes direct reference to information management. The document [1] is intended to assist Member States in the development of a national system for radioactive waste management and identifies the key responsibilities and essential features of such a system. The following statement appears in Section 5: “The regulatory body, the waste generators and the operators of radioactive waste management facilities should maintain documentation and records consistent with the legal requirements and their own needs.” An essential requirement of these ‘documents and records’ is that they should be “...kept in a condition that will enable them to be consulted and understood later by people different from, and possibly without reference to, those who generated the records ...” The scope of the documentation and records to be kept will be wide ranging but will include “...an inventory of radioactive waste, including origin, location, physical and chemical characteristics, and, as appropriate a record of radioactive waste removed or discharged from a facility”, and “site plans, engineering drawings, specifications and process descriptions ... radioactive waste package identification ...”. It is has long been recognised in the United Kingdom that the management of radioactive waste will require the assembly and secure retention of a diversity of records and data. This information will be needed to inform the strategic decision making process, thus contributing to the future safe, environmentally sound and publicly acceptable management of radioactive waste. In the meantime it will also service the nation’s international commitments. When the planning application for a Rock Characterisation Facility (RCF) was refused and the subsequent Nirex appeal rejected in 1997, it was recognised that transfer of waste to a national repository was ulikely to take place for many decades. The long-term preservation of information by the waste management organisations thus became an issue. Since this time, the UK nuclear industry, including the waste producers, regulators and other Government Departments have worked together to develop a common information management system that is now being implemented. It is based on an Oracle database and is supported by ‘electronic tools’ designed to facilitate entry and retrieval of data in a common format. Long-term access to these data underpins many aspects of the system design. Designing such a system and seeing through its development has been a challenge for all those involved. However, as the project nears the completion of the development phase, it is clear there are several benefits in this approach. These include a sharing of best practice, shared development costs, an improved understanding of the needs of all parties, and the use of a common platform and tools. The ‘partnership approach’ between waste management organisations, Government departments and regulators will also reduce the likelihood of future surprises or conflicts of interest. Industry-wide co-operation also provides a greater degree of confidence that the system will continue to enjoy technical and financial support for the foreseeable future. The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS) is supported by the principal waste producers, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) and United Kingdom Nirex Limited (Nirex). All organisations that have participated in its development over the past seven years have free access to it and may use it as part of their waste management strategy.
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Wyatt, Zoe. "“I Am Not What Happened to Me, I Am What I Choose to Become” Walking the Journey with Cambodian Wounded Healers." In 7th International Conference on Spirituality and Psychology. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/icsp.2022.005.
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Abstract The term “wounded healer” was originally coined by psychologist Carl Jung (1951), who believed that individuals are compelled to treat clients because of the “wounds” they carry from their own earlier experiences. This paper will explore Jung’s wounded healer concept through a trauma-informed lens, situated within a Cambodian context. Findings presented in this paper emerged from a larger body of work on the study of trauma and resilience, which was conducted in Cambodia. Perspectives captured in the data arose from 40 participant interviews of two distinct groups: 26 trauma survivors (aged 18-30) who had been supported by non- government organisations (NGOs) in Cambodia and 14 key informants, made up of social workers and psychologist employed working in the field of child protection. It is through these unique perspectives on recovery from trauma and what may compel an individual to work in the human services sector (often with other trauma survivors) that is presented in this paper. Not all participants working in the NGOs disclosed direct trauma histories during the interview process. However, in the context of modern-day Cambodia and in the aftermath of the genocide, it would be unusual to find a Cambodian who has not been touched by trauma in some way. Key Words: Intergenerational trauma, Cambodia, Khmer Rouge, Wounded Healer, Meaning Making
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Van Der Borght, Kim, and Intan Soeparna. "THE CHANGING ROLE OF AMICUS-CURIAE IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATION AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION." In International Conference on Law, Governance and Globalization 2017 (ICLGG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclgg-17.2018.20.
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Esseghairi, Kamel. "Contribution of Private IT Academic Institutions to Improve and Disseminate the Teaching and the Use of Applied Statistics." In Statistics and the Internet. International Association for Statistical Education, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.03304.
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This paper will describes the genesis and the implementation of PARTNERSHIP between IT Academic institutions and several development, government and non-profits organisation in training and marketing the recruitment of unemployed graduates who have received a supplement of statistical and IT trainings for the last three years. They received 960 hours of formal training: in Applied Statistics (250 hours), English Writing and Reporting (180 hours) Applied Computing (100 hours) INTERNET-Electronic Communications and Commerce (150 hours) Small and Medium Private Enterprise Management (130 hours), Non Governmental Organization Management (150 hours) English was the training language and they have spent over half of time using computers. The paper, then, examines the ramifications of this procedure to better understand and use applied statistics (in decision making processes) in the context of larger and cheaper use of Internet and in the context of economic globalisation and intensive virtual exchanges all over the world.
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Ugur, Etga. "RELIGION AS A SOURCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL? THE GÜLEN MOVEMENT IN THE PUBLIC SPHERE." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/clha2866.
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This paper asks: when and under what conditions does religion become a source of coopera- tion rather than conflict? The Gülen movement is an Islamic social movement that bases its philosophy on increasing religious consciousness at the individual level and making Islam an important social force in the public sphere. It is this intellectual and social activism that has made the movement a global phenomenon and the focus of socio-political analysis. The Gülen community brings different sectors of society together to facilitate ‘collective intellectual effort’ and offer ‘civil responses’ to social issues, seeing this as a more subtle and legitimate way of influencing public debate and policy. To this end, the movement initiated a series of symposiums, known as Abant Workshops in Turkey. The scope of these meetings was later expanded to include a wider audience in Europe, the U.S., and the Middle East. This paper looks specifically at the Abant Workshops and the movement’s strategy of bridge building and problem-solving. It uses the press releases, transcripts and audio-visual records of the past 14 meetings to discuss their objectives and outcomes. This material is supplement- ed by interviews with key organisers from the Journalists and Writer Foundation and other participants. The discussion aims to understand how far religiously inspired social groups can contribute to the empowerment of civil society vis-à-vis the state and its officially secular ideology. Beyond that, it aims to explain the role of civil society organisations in democratic governance, and the possibility of creating social capital in societies lacking a clear ‘overlap- ping consensus’ on issues of citizenship, morality and national identity. The hesitancy at the beginning turns into friendship, the distance into understanding, stiff looks and tensions into humorous jokes, and differences into richness. Abant is boldly moving towards an institutionalization. The objective is evident: Talking about some of the problems the country is facing, debating them and offering solutions; on a civil ground, within the framework of knowledge and deliberation. Some labelled the ideas in the concluding declarations as “revolutionary,” “renaissance,” and “first indications of a religious reform.” Some others (in minority) saw them “dangerous” and “non-sense.” In fact, the result is neither a “revolution” nor “non-sense” It is an indication of a quest for opening new horizons or creating a novel vision. When and under what conditions does religion become a source of cooperation rather than conflict in the civil society? The Gülen movement is an Islamic social movement that bases its philosophy on increasing religious consciousness at the individual level and making Islam an important social force in the public sphere. It is this intellectual and social activism that raises the Gülen movement of Turkey as a global phenomenon to the focus of socio-political analysis. The Gülen community brings different sectors of the society together to create and facilitate a ‘common intellect’ to brainstorm and offer ‘civil responses’ to social issues. The move- ment sees this as a more subtle, but more effective, and legitimate way of influencing public debate and policy. Hence, the movement initiated a series of symposiums, known as Abant Workshops in Turkey. The scope of the meetings was later expanded to include a wider audi- ence in Europe, the U.S., and the Middle East. In early 1990s the Gülen Movement launched a silent but persistent public relations cam- paign. Fethullah Gülen openly met with the prominent figures of government and politics, and gave interviews to some popular newspapers and magazines. With a thriving media net- work, private schools, and business associations the movement seemed to have entered a new stage in its relations with the outside world. This new stage was not a simple outreach effort; it was rather a confident step to carve a niche in the increasingly diversified Turkish public sphere. The instigation of a series of workshops known as Abant Platforms was one of the biggest steps in this process. The workshops brought academics, politicians, and intellectu- als together to discuss some of the thorniest issues of, first, Turkey, such as secularism and pluralism, and then the Muslim World, such as war, globalization and modernization. This paper seeks to explain the motives behind this kind of an ambitious project and its possible implications for the movement itself, for Turkey and for the Muslim World in transition.
Reports on the topic "Non-government organisations"
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Vergani, Matteo, Angelique Stefanopoulos, Alexandra Lee, Haily Tran, Imogen Richards, Dan Goodhardt, and Greg Barton. Defining and identifying hate motives: bias indicators for the Australian context. Centre for Resilient and Inclusive Societies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56311/pozs1016.
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This report presents bias indicators for the Australian context and discusses their concept, uses, benefits and risks. The bias indicators we present are the result of extensive consultations with local experts including academics and practitioners working in law enforcement agencies, government and non-government organisations and community organisations. Trigger warning: this report discusses multiple forms of trauma, hate, and discrimination, including physical violence, racism, and homophobia.
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Avis, William. Funding Mechanisms to Local CSOs. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.089.
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Civil society can be broadly defined as the area outside the family, market and state. As such, civil society encompasses a spectrum of actors with a wide range of purposes, constituencies, structures, degrees of organisation, functions, size, resource levels, cultural contexts, ideologies, membership, geographical coverage, strategies and approaches.This rapid literature review collates available literature on funding mechanisms and barriers to local CSOs gaining access to funding and the extent to which funding leads towards organisational development and sustainability. Broadly, it is asserted that in terms of funding, local CSOs often struggle to secure funding equivalent to that of INGOs and their local representatives. Kleibl & Munck (2017) reflect that indigenous non-state actors do not receive large shares of development funding. For example, only 10% of the total funding for US-funded health projects in Uganda was allocated to indigenous non-state actors.Given the diversity of CSOs and the variety of contexts, sectors they work in and the services they supply, it is challenging to summarise funding mechanisms available to local CSOs and the barriers to accessing these. Recent analyses of CSO funding report that while the total CSO funding in many contexts has continued to increase in absolute terms since 2015, its relative importance (as a share of total Overseas Development Assistance) has been decreasing (Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018). They continued that ODA funding channelled through CSOs (i.e., funding that is programmed by the donor government) remains far more important in volumes than ODA channelled directly to CSOs (which is programmed by CSOs themselves).The literature identifies three principal mechanisms by which donors provide financial support to civil society actors: a) Direct support to individual or umbrella organisations; b) Via Southern government; c) Via Intermediaries – largely Northern NGOs.
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Carter, Becky. Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.077.
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This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.
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Arif, Sirojuddin, Risa Wardatun Nihayah, Niken Rarasati, Shintia Revina, and Syaikhu Usman. Of Power and Learning: DistrictHeads, Bureaucracy, and EducationPolicies in Indonesia’s Decentralised Political System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/111.
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This paper examines the politics of education policies in a decentralised political system. Under what conditions does decentralisation promote learning-enhancing policies? Despite the numerous works that have been written on decentralisation and education, little is known about how politics influenced local education policies. To address this problem, this paper looks at the linkages between local politics, bureaucratic capacity, and the development of learning-enhancing policies in Indonesia’s decentralised political system. More specifically, it assesses how regional variation in the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy explains the variation in local education policies in four districts in Indonesia. The primary data were collected through in-depth interviews with political leaders, bureaucrats, district education councils, school principals, teachers, teacher organisations, parents, non-government and community-based organisations, journalists, academicians, and other relevant informants. Using Mill’s method of difference, the comparative analysis presented in this paper demonstrates that institutional constraints on the discretionary power of the district head over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy do matter for the development of learning-enhancing policies. Such constraints can pave the way for the development of the bureaucratic capacity required for governments to pursue learning-enhancing policies. Absent constraints on the discretionary power of district heads over employment decisions in the state bureaucracy, the extent to which districts implement learning-enhancing policies will depend on district heads’ commitment to student learning.
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Keo, Bunthea, Amira Abdelhamid, and Eric Kasper. The Impact of Covid-19 Response Policies on Vulnerable Migrant Workers and Victims of Trafficking in Cambodia. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2022.002.
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To date, the Government of Cambodia has issued at least 2,216 policies in response to Covid-19. These have largely been directed at limiting the spread of the Covid-19 within Cambodia, with clear attempts to mitigate the burden on economically- and socially-vulnerable groups. This study explored the ways in which the policy response to Covid-19 has been experienced by vulnerable migrant workers and people vulnerable to trafficking in persons. We interviewed seven social workers and independent experts, four migrant workers, and nine survivors of trafficking in order to gather evidence about gaps in the policies’ abilities to protect people and to identify mechanisms by which they impacted vulnerability. We find that, while the policies have attempted to provide protection to vulnerable groups, the majority of our respondents were not able to access it effectively. Workers in informal sectors have been particularly impacted by work stoppages since they have less bargaining power with employers and are much less able to access government unemployment support. Migrant workers trapped abroad faced hardships and discrimination, with many making risky journeys back to Cambodia or losing their regular migrant status. Border closure policies meant that many people were not able to safely return to Cambodia or travel for their livelihoods. This resulted in an increased reliance on brokers to cross borders illegally and to attempt to find work, which in turn increased risks of exploitation and trafficking at the very time when officials and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were least able to monitor and identify violations.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Russia’s Approach to Civilians in the Territories it Controls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.041.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the approach used by the Russian government to provide any support or services to civilians in the territories it controls. The rapid review concludes that Russia provides economic, social, government, and military support to de facto states that it controls, such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbas region. Russia covers large parts of the state’s budget of these separatist regions. This review uses the term aid referring to a wide range of support, such as humanitarian, social safety nets, basic services, infrastructure, state development, and security. Due to the lack of transparency on the Russian aid money that flows into the regions that are the subject of this review, it is impossible to show disaggregated data, but rather a broader overview of Russian aid to these regions. Russia used humanitarian aid and assistance to provide for civilians. During armed conflict it provided, to some extent, food, and medicines to the people. However, from the literature Russia has used humanitarian aid and assistance as an instrument to pursue broader policy goals that could not be defined as humanitarian in nature. Russia often relied on the language of humanitarianism to strengthen its credentials as a neutral and impartial actor and to justify its continued support for the residents and de facto authorities of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, to secure its aim to strengthen the political and social ties with these regions while weakening their allegiance to Georgia and Moldova. As the humanitarian activities to the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine demonstrate, the Russian state is not willing to allow scrutiny of their humanitarian aid by independent organisations. Mistrust, corruption, and the use of aid for propaganda, even smuggling arms into the separatist region, are commonly mentioned by trusted sources. After a conflict becomes more stabilised, Russia’s humanitarian aid becomes more of a long-term strategic “friendship”, often sealed in a treaty to integrate the region into the Russian sphere, such as the cases of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria clearly show. Although all these separatist regions rely on Russia (economically, politically, and through Russia’s military presence), this does not mean that they always do exactly what Russia wants, which is particularly the case for Abkhazia and Transnistria.
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van den Boogaard,, Vanessa, and Fabrizio Santoro. Co-Financing Community-Driven Development Through Informal Taxation: Experimental Evidence from South-Central Somalia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.016.
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Community contributions are often required as part of community-driven development (CDD) programmes, with payment encouraged through matching grants. However, little remains known about the impact of matching grants, or the implications of requiring community contributions in order for communities to receive development funding. This paper describes research where we partner with two non-governmental organisations (NGOs) – one international and one Somali – and undertake a randomised control trial of a CDD matching grant programme designed to incentivise informal contributions for local public goods in Gedo region in south-central Somalia. We rely on household survey data collected from 1,297 respondents in 31 treatment and 31 control communities, as well as surveys of village leaders and data on informal contributions from the mobile money platform used by community leaders to collect revenue. Two key findings emerge. First, our research shows that working with communities and incentivising informal revenue generation can be an effective way to deliver public goods and to support citizens and communities. Second, building on research exploring the potential for development interventions to spur virtuous or adverse cycles of governance, we show that development partners may work directly with community leaders and informal taxing institutions without necessarily undermining – and indeed perhaps strengthening – state legitimacy and related ongoing processes of statebuilding in the country. Indeed, despite playing no direct role in the matching grant programme, taxpayer perceptions of the legitimacy of the local government improved as a result of the programme. These findings deepen our understanding of how community contributions may be incentivised through matching grant programmes, and how they may contribute to CDD and public goods provision in a context of weak institutional capacity.
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Benson, Vivienne, and Jenny C. Aker. Improving Adult Literacy in Niger Through Mobile Calls to Teachers. Institute of Development Studies and The Impact Initiative, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii368.
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In Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world, 85 per cent of adults are unable to read or write, even in local languages. Adult education programmes can be a route to improving adult literacy rates, but non-governmental organisation (NGO) and government schemes are characterised with low enrolment, high dropout, and poor teacher attendance. In partnership with the Ministry of Education, Catholic Relief Services, the Sahel Group, and Tufts University, regular phone calls and motivational support were given to teachers to encourage and monitor attendance of adult education programmes between 2018 and 2019. The impact of this project directly led to improved reading and maths scores. Based on this evidence, the approach has been tested by the Ministry of Education in primary schools.
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Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.
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This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
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Phillips, Jake. Understanding the impact of inspection on probation. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.05.2021.
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This research sought to understand the impact of probation inspection on probation policy, practice and practitioners. This important but neglected area of study has significant ramifications because the Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation has considerable power to influence policy through its inspection regime and research activities. The study utilised a mixed methodological approach comprising observations of inspections and interviews with people who work in probation, the Inspectorate and external stakeholders. In total, 77 people were interviewed or took part in focus groups. Probation practitioners, managers and leaders were interviewed in the weeks after an inspection to find out how they experienced the process of inspection. Staff at HMI Probation were interviewed to understand what inspection is for and how it works. External stakeholders representing people from the voluntary sector, politics and other non-departmental bodies were interviewed to find out how they used the work of inspection in their own roles. Finally, leaders within the National Probation Service and Her Majesty’s Prisons and Probation Service were interviewed to see how inspection impacts on policy more broadly. The data were analysed thematically with five key themes being identified. Overall, participants were positive about the way inspection is carried out in the field of probation. The main findings are: 1. Inspection places a burden on practitioners and organisations. Practitioners talked about the anxiety that a looming inspection created and how management teams created additional pressures which were hard to cope with on top of already high workloads. Staff responsible for managing the inspection and with leadership positions talked about the amount of time the process of inspection took up. Importantly, inspection was seen to take people away from their day jobs and meant other priorities were side-lined, even if temporarily. However, the case interviews that practitioners take part in were seen as incredibly valuable exercises which gave staff the opportunity to reflect on their practice and receive positive feedback and validation for their work. 2. Providers said that the findings and conclusions from inspections were often accurate and, to some extent, unsurprising. However, they sometimes find it difficult to implement recommendations due to reports failing to take context into account. Negative reports have a serious impact on staff morale, especially for CRCs and there was concern about the impact of negative findings on a provider’s reputation. 3. External stakeholders value the work of the Inspectorate. The Inspectorate is seen to generate highly valid and meaningful data which stakeholders can use in their own roles. This can include pushing for policy reform or holding government to account from different perspectives. In particular, thematic inspections were seen to be useful here. 4. The regulatory landscape in probation is complex with an array of actors working to hold providers to account. When compared to other forms of regulation such as audit or contract management the Inspectorate was perceived positively due to its methodological approach as well as the way it reflects the values of probation itself. 5. Overall, the inspectorate appears to garner considerable legitimacy from those it inspects. This should, in theory, support the way it can impact on policy and practice. There are some areas for development here though such as more engagement with service users. While recognising that the Inspectorate has made a concerted effort to do this in the last two years participants all felt that more needs to be done to increase that trust between the inspectorate and service users. Overall, the Inspectorate was seen to be independent and 3 impartial although this belief was less prevalent amongst people in CRCs who argued that the Inspectorate has been biased towards supporting its own arguments around reversing the now failed policy of Transforming Rehabilitation. There was some debate amongst participants about how the Inspectorate could, or should, enforce compliance with its recommendations although most people were happy with the primarily relational way of encouraging compliance with sanctions for non-compliance being considered relatively unnecessary. To conclude, the work of the Inspectorate has a significant impact on probation policy, practice and practitioners. The majority of participants were positive about the process of inspection and the Inspectorate more broadly, notwithstanding some of the issues raised in the findings. There are some developments which the Inspectorate could consider to reduce the burden inspection places on providers and practitioners and enhance its impact such as amending the frequency of inspection, improving the feedback given to practitioners and providing more localised feedback, and working to reduce or limit perceptions of bias amongst people in CRCs. The Inspectorate could also do more to capture the impact it has on providers and practitioners – both positive and negative - through existing procedures that are in place such as post-case interview surveys and tracking the implementation of recommendations.