Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non genomic effects'
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Guarino, Goffredo <1979>. "Genomic and non genomic effects of elevated concentration of anabolic steroids in human neuronal cells." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/693/1/Tesi_Guarino_Goffredo.pdf.
Full textGuarino, Goffredo <1979>. "Genomic and non genomic effects of elevated concentration of anabolic steroids in human neuronal cells." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/693/.
Full textLi, Xiongjuan [Verfasser]. "Genomic and non-genomic effects of mineralocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid receptors and their roles of pain modulation / Xiongjuan Li." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196803218/34.
Full textLA, SALA GINA. "Effetti degli estrogeni e dei distruttori endocrini sulle cellule germinali embrionali di topo e sulle cellule somatiche della gonade." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/901.
Full textIn the recent years the increased presence of human made compounds that mimic the action of estrogens termed endocrine disrupters (ED) in environment and in food and the exposure to these compounds during fetal and neonatal period has been hypotized to be the cause of the raise of disorders of male reproductive function, such a decrease of sperm count, increase in the incidence of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism and hypospadias termed Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome (TDS). For these reason, it is important to know how the estrogens and xenoestrogens, a class of ED, act during the fetal development and to know the mechanism by which these compounds exert their effects. AIMS: To study the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the embryonic precursors of the adult gametes termed PGCs and to analyze the existence in such cells of intracellular molecular pathways modulable by estrogens and xenoestrogen lindane. To verify the presence of functional ER-beta in embryonic testicular somatic cells using an ERE-luc and AP1-Luc assay and to evaluate estrogenic activity of putative EDs on mammalian embryonic testis. RESULTS: The data described in this thesis highlights the existence of functional estrogen-dependent pathways in embryonic mouse gonads in particular in testis, both in germ and somatic cells. We found that E2 is able to activate via ER-beta multiple intracellular signalling in PGCs and that the xenoestrogens, lindane affect the survival in such cells through a direct pro-apoptotic action likely resulting from its adverse effect on AKT activity. Othermore, we described for the first time the existence of a functional ERα pathway in putative Leydig cells from early stage of testis development and describe an in vitro assay that can be used to evaluate estrogenic activity of compounds on mammalian embryonic testis. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion of the TDS origin during early stages of testis development. While data are accumulating showing direct effect of estrogens and EDs on gene expression and specific functions of somatic cells of the embryonic testes, in particular Leydig cells, such results on germ cells are lacking and further studies are needed to investigate the effects of these compounds on embryonic germ cell function including epigenetic regulation.
Gonzalez, Dieguez David. "Genomic selection accounting for non-additive genetic effects in pig and corn crossbreeding schemes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0078.
Full textThis thesis explores and develops methodology to exploit dominance or/and epistasis genetic effects on genomic selection models in pig and maize crossbreeding schemes. The Chapter 2 consisted of estimating and exploiting within-breed dominance variance through mate allocation strategies to maximize the overall genetic merit of the traits age at 100 Kg (AGE), backfat depth (BD) and average piglet weight per litter (APWL), in a French Landrace pig population. Maximizing total genetic values instead of breeding values in matings gave to the progeny an average advantage of 0.79 days, 0.04 mm, and 11.3 g for AGE, BD and APWL, respectively, but slightly reduced the expected additive genetic gain (e.g. 1.8 % for AGE). These results indicate that genomic mate allocation can improve the performance of the offspring without dramatically compromising the additive genetic gain. In Chapter 3, the effectiveness of mate allocation strategies and genomic evaluations, accounting for additive and dominance effects, to improve crossbred (CB) performance were investigated by simulation in a two-way pig crossbreeding scheme. Effects of the sources of information used in the genetic evaluation (only purebred (PB) data or PB and CB data), of several narrow and broad-sense heritability values, and of several options for mate allocation to produce the CB (mating at random, minimizing expected future inbreeding, or maximizing the expected total genetic value of crossbred animals) were evaluated. Selecting PB animals for PB performance yielded a genetic gain of 0.2 genetic standard deviations of the trait “CB performance” per generation, whereas selecting PB animals for CB performance doubled the genetic response. Mate allocation strategy resulted in a slight increase of the CB performance. When the genetic correlation between PB and CB is low, selecting PB animals for CB performance using CB information is a more efficient strategy to exploit heterosis and increase performance at the CB commercial level. In Chapter 4, the theory of hybrid genetic evaluation models from single-cross of pure lines (as in maize) was revisited in a genomic context. Covariance between hybrids due to additive substitution effects and dominance and epistatic deviations were analytically derived. Using SNP genotypes, it is possible to split specific combining ability (SCA) into dominance and across-groups epistasis, and to split general combining ability (GCA) into within-line additive effects and within-line additive by additive epistasis. A publicly available maize data set of Dent × Flint hybrids was analyzed. The proposed model was compared to other genomic models in terms of variance components estimation and predictive ability, including a model assuming a common effect of genes across origins. The study confirms that most variation in hybrids is accounted for by GCA, and that variances due to dominance and epistasis are small and have similar magnitudes. Models based on defining effects either differently (as it is traditionally done in maize) or identically across origins (as it is done in single breeds in livestock) resulted in similar predictive abilities for hybrids
Strelzyk, Florian [Verfasser]. "Rapid, non-genomic effects of cortisol on the functioning of the human brain / Florian Strelzyk." Trier : Universität Trier, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1197697721/34.
Full textAlmeida, Filho Janeo Eustáquio de. "Genomic prediction of additive and non-additive effects in a pine breeding and simulated population." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2016. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7540.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A predição do mérito genético dos indivíduos é um dos maiores desafios no melhoremento de plantas e animais. A predição é difícil por que as características importantes possuem natureza complexa, onde alguns caracteres possuem poucos genes de efeito maior, enquanto que outros são controlados por um elevado número de genes de efeito pequeno, além disso, efeitos não-additivos como dominância e epistasia podem ser importantes para o controle da variação genética. Para obter altas acurácias na predição é importante usar o modelo que corresponde com a arquitetura genética da característica e adicionalmente a adequada partição das várias fontes de variação genética (aditiva, dominancia e epistasia) é desejada para várias aplicações como capacidade geral e específica de combinação. No capítulo 1 foi revisado os aspectos gerais da predição genômica (GP), a aplicação dessa abordagem com diferentes propósitos em características com distintas arquiteturas genéticas e no final alguns modelos estatísticos aplicado na GP. No capítulo 2 foi avaliado modelos de regressão genômica (WGR) aditivos e aditivo-dominante com diferentes prioris, essas são premissas sobre a presença ou não de marcas com efeito maior. Adicionalmente no capítulo 3 foi avaliado a inclusão da informação oriunda do pedigree na predição genômica, usando os modelos BayesA aditivo e aditivo-dominante e também com o RKHS, que teoricamente pode predizer os efeitos aditivo e não aditivos confundidos. Esses modelos foram aplicados na altura de árvores (HT) aos 6 anos de idade, diâmetro na altura do peito (DBH) e resistência a ferrugem, mesurados em 923 indivíduos de pinos oriundos de uma população estruturada em 71 irmãos completos e genotipados com 4722 marcadores genéticos. Também foram simulados 6 características com distintas arquiteturas genéticas (poligenica e oligogênica com três leveis de dominância) para esses estudos. As populações simuladas usadas nessas características foram derivadas a partir de um programa de melhoramento padrão de pinos. No capítulo 2 para as caracteríticas oligogenica simuladas e para resistência a ferrugem o BayesA e BayesB forneceram as melhores acurácias para predição genotípica, porem as diferentes priores usadas em WGR produziram resultados similares para HT e para característica poligênicas simuladas. Contudo a inclusão da dominância nos modelos WGR aumentaram a acurácia apenas para características simuladas com elevado efeito de dominância e para HT. Quando o BayesB foi ajustado em uma geração para predizer na geração seguinte, a inclusão da dominância aumentou as acurácias apenas para características oligogenicas simuladas com elevada dominancia. Independente do modelo adotado, a acurácia da predição genotípica total decresceu com o aumento dos efeitos de dominancia nas características simuladas. Então esses resultados refletem que a predição da dominancia foi complexa quando comparado com a predição dos efeitos aditivos, e para a aplicações posteriores dos efeitos de dominância, algumas propriedades genéticas da população devem ser avaliadas como MAF e número de meios irmãos e irmãos completos. No capítulo 3, a inclusão do informação oriunda do pedigree no modelo genômico, não produziu acurácias mais elevadas quando comparado com os modelos que usaram apenas informações de marcadores, e ambos modelos foram substancialmente mais acurados que o modelo baseado apenas em informação de pedigree. Em HT, DBH e características poligênicas simuladas com efeitos aditivos e dominantes, os modelos baseados em RKHS mostraram acurácias ligeiramente superiores que o BayesA para predição genotípica total, enquanto que o BayesA foi a melhor opção para resistência a ferrugem e características oligogenicas. Para a predição dos valores de melhoramento o BayesA aditivo foi o melhor modelo.
The prediction of individual genetic merit is one of most important challenges in plant and animal breeding. Prediction is difficult because the important traits have a complex nature, where some traits have few genes with major effects, while others are controlled by a large number of genes with small effects. Non-additive effects such as dominance and epistasis can also be important for controlling the genetic variation. In order to achieve higher accuracies in the prediction, it is important to use the model that matches the genetic architecture of trait. The proper partition of the various sources of genetic variation (additive, dominance and epistasis) is desired for several applications, such as exploring the overall and specific combination ability. In Chapter 1, the general remarks of genomic prediction (GP) are reviewed, with the application of this approach with different proposals in distinct genetic architecture traits, together with some statistic models applied in GP. In Chapter 2, the additive and additive-dominance whole-genomic-regression (WGR) models are evaluated with different priors, together with assumptions regarding the presence or not of markers with major effects. Chapter 3 evaluates the inclusion of pedigree information in genomic prediction with additive- and additive-dominance BayesA and also with RKHS model that can theoretically predict confused additive and non- additive effects. These models were applied in tree height (HT), diameter at breast height (DBH) and rust resistance in 923 loblolly pine individuals at 6 years of age from a structured population of 71 full-sib families genotyped with 4722 genetic markers. Six traits were also simulated with distinct genetic architectures (polygenic and oligogenic traits with three dominance levels) for these studies. The simulated population for these traits was derived from a standard pine breeding program. In the oligogenic simulated traits and rust resistance in chapter 2, BayesA and BayesB provided greater accuracies for genotypic prediction; however, the different priors of WGR yielded similar results for HT and simulated polygenic traits. Therefore, the inclusion of dominance effects in WGR increases the accuracy only for simulated traits with high dominance effects and HT. When BayesB was fitted in one generation for predicting the next generation, the dominance inclusion increased the accuracies only for the oligogenic simulated trait with high dominance. Regardless of the model adopted, the accuracy of whole genotypic prediction decreased with the increase of dominance effects in simulated traits. Thus, these results reflect that dominance prediction is complex when compared to additive prediction, and for downstream applications of dominance effects, some genetic properties of the population should be evaluated, such as MAF and the number of half and full-sibs. In chapter 3, the inclusion of pedigree information in genomic model did not yield higher accuracies than models based in only marker information, and both models were substantially more accurate than models basedonly on pedigree. In HT, DBH and in polygenic traits simulated with additive-dominance effects, the RKHS-based models showed slightly higher accuracies than BayesA for whole genotypic prediction, while BayesA-based models were the best option for rust resistance and oligogenic simulated traits. For the prediction of breeding values, the BayesA additive was the best model.
Flora, Gagan Deep. "Non-genomic effects of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) in platelets." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80709/.
Full textJohansson, Tobias. "Neurosteroids Induce Allosteric Effects on the NMDA Receptor : Nanomolar Concentrations of Neurosteroids Exert Non-Genomic Effects on the NMDA Receptor Complex." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8503.
Full textThe neurosteroids constitute a group of powerful hormones synthesized and acting in the central nervous system. They participate in a number of important central processes, such as memory and learning, mood and neuroprotection. Their effects emerge from rapid interactions with membrane bound receptors, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, the gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor and the sigma 1 receptor. The mechanisms of action are separate from classical genomic interactions.
The aims of this thesis were to identify and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of nanomolar concentrations of neurosteroids at the NMDA receptor.
The results show that the neurosteroids pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and pregnanolone sulfate 3α5βS) differently modulate the NMDA receptor, changing the kinetics for the NMDA receptor antagonist ifenprodil, through unique and separate targets at the NR2B subunit. The effects that appear to be temperature independent were further confirmed in a calcium imagining functional assay. A second functional study demonstrated that PS and 3α5βS affect glutamate-stimulated neurite outgrowth in NG108-15 cells.
Misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has powerful effects on emotional states. Since neurosteroids regulate processes involved in mood it can be hypothesised that AAS can interact with the action of neurosteroids in the brain. However, chronic administration of the AAS nandrolone decanoate did not alter the allosteric effects of PS or 3α5βS at the NMDA receptor, but changed the affinity for PS, 3α5βS and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to the sigma 1 receptor. The results also showed that the neurosteroids displace 3H-ifenprodil from the sigma 1 and 2 receptors without directly sharing the binding site for 3H-ifenprodil at the sigma 1 receptor. The decreased affinity for the neurosteroids at the sigma 1 receptor may be involved in the depressive symptoms associated with AAS misuse.
The NMDA receptor system is deeply involved in neurodegeneration and the NMDA receptor antagonist ifenprodil exert neuroprotective actions. The findings that neurosteroids interact with ifenprodil at the NMDA receptor may be an opportunity to obtain synergistic effects in neuroprotective treatment.
Caddy, Joanne. "The non-genomic effects of the PPAR-γ ligand rosiglitazone on intracellular calcium concentrations in mammalian monocytic and smooth muscle cells." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/921.
Full textMahmood, M. "The physiological actions and cellular signaling pathways mediating the acute non-genomic effects of DHT in isolated intact mammalian skeletal muscle fibre bundles." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/34306/.
Full textZhang, Shaoyan. "Overexpression of the Turnip Crinkle Virus Replicase Exerts Opposite Effects on the Synthesis of Viral Genomic RNA and a Novel Viral Long Non-Coding RNA." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595258672390499.
Full textDorey, Rodolphe. "Implication des corticoïdes et de leurs récepteurs hippocampiques dans les effets rapides et différés du stress sur le rappel mnésique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873391.
Full textAlves, Filipe Couto. "Unraveling the impact of genotype by environment interaction complexity and a new proposal to understand the contribution of additive and non-additive effects on genomic prediction in tropical maize single-crosses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-22082018-095818/.
Full textO uso de marcadores moleculares para a predição do fénotipo de materiais não testados em campo tem sido amplamente utilizado em programas de melhoramento genético de plantas. A predição genômica de hibridos simples é uma ferramenta promissora no melhoramento genético do milho, pois além da redução do tempo necessário para cada ciclo de seleção, ela pode ser utilizada para a identificação de cruzamentos promissores. Dependendo da característica em estudo, a inclusão de efeitos não aditivos em modelos de predição genômica pode aumentar significativamente sua acurácia de predição. Além disso, estes modelos foram inicialmente propostos para a predição de materiais em apenas um único ambiente. Atualmente, foram expandidos para considerarem os efeitos da interação genótipos por ambiente. O uso de tais modelos têm se mostrado vantajoso em vários aspectos, um deles é o considerável aumento da acurácia de predição de novos materiais. Contudo, ainda são escassos estudos envolvendoa inclusão de efeitos não aditivos nesses modelos. Ademais, fatores como a complexidade da interação genótipo por ambiente pode influenciar de maneira significativa a acurácia preditiva de modelos considerando múltiplos ambientes. Portanto, os objetivos foram: i)avaliar a contribuição de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos (dominância e epistasia) para a predição de caracteres agronômicos com diferentes arquiteturas genéticas em cruzamentos simples de milho tropical cultivados sob dois níveis de disponibilidade de nitrogênio (ideal e estressado), e ii)verificar o impacto da complexidade da interação genótipo por ambiente, e da inclusão de desvios de dominância na acurácia de predição de modelos multi-ambientes para a predição da produtividade grãos de híbridos simples de milho. Para isto, foram utilizados os dados fenótipicos e genotípicos de 906 híbridos simples de milho avaliados durante dois anos, em dois locais, sob dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada, totalizando oito ambientes distintos (combinação ano xlocal x nivel de adubação nitrogenada). Os caracteres estudados foram produtividade de grãos, altura de espiga, e plantas. Os resultados acerca da inclusão de efeitos aditivos e não aditivos (dominancia e epistasia) sugerem que, efeitos não aditivos são mais importantes sob condições de estresse, contribuem de maneira significativa para produtividade grãos, de modo intermediário para altura de plantas e possuem pouca importância para altura de espiga. A inclusão de desvios de dominância em modelos de predição multi-ambientes aumentou de forma significativa a acurácia de predição. Além disto, observou-se uma relação linear entre complexidade da interação genótipos por ambientes e acurácia preditiva do modelo.
Naumann, Lydia. "Untersuchungen zum differenzierten Wirkungsprofil von Glucocorticoiden in humanen mononukleären Zellen des peripheren Blutes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15181.
Full textSeveral different genomic and non-genomic mechanisms mediate the important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids (GCs). The genomic effects are the most important while the clinical relevance of non-genomic actions is still a matter of debate. We therefore investigated whether beclomethasone and clobetasol are particularly suitable for topical application because they differ in their spectrum of activity from systemically administered GCs such as dexamethasone. We compared effects on oxygen consumption as measured with a Clark electrode (nonspecific non-genomic glucocorticoid effects), on interleukin-6 synthesis by means of ELISA (genomic effects) and on apoptosis using flow cytometry (non-genomic and genomic effects) in quiescent and mitogen-stimulated PBMCs. Beclomethasone and clobetasol had stronger effects on the oxygen consumption of quiescent and stimulated cells at lower concentrations (10-10, 10-8 M) but were less potent at higher concentrations (10-5, 10-4 M) in comparison with dexamethasone. Also in terms of genomic potency, topical GCs were more effective than dexamethasone at 10-10 M and 10-8 M but gave similar results at higher concentrations. The ability of all three GCs to induce apoptosis was found to be concentration-dependent and similar at concentrations between 10-8 and 10-5 M but, compared with 10-4 M dexamethasone, 10-4 M beclomethasone or clobetasol was significantly more effective at inducing apoptosis in both PBMCs and Jurkat T cells. These results show that systemic and topical GCs differ significantly in their ability to induce genomic and non-genomic effects. This suggests that non-genomic effects are more therapeutically relevant in certain clinical conditions than currently assumed.
Bartholome, Burkhard. "Untersuchungen zu Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Wirkmechanismen der Glucocorticoide bei Patienten mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15104.
Full textPurpose: Gaining new knowledge in glucocorticoid research. The dissertation consists of two parts: 1. Clinical study on effects and side-effects of a low-dose / medium-dose therapy with methylprednisolone (MP) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. 2. Flowcytometric investigation of human PBMC in order to detect membrane-bound glucocorticoid-receptors (mGCR). Methods: 1. In a clinical study two groups of patients - 20 patients each - were compared. All patients had inflammatory rheumatic diseases and recieved MP-therapy for at least one year. The first group recieved a low-dose GC-therapy, the second group a medium-dose GC-therapy. 2. Human PBMC were examined. We used conventional and high-sensitive liposome staining technique for the detection of specific membrane-bound antigens. Results: 1. In most cases rather low dosages of MP were able to control the disease activitiy of inflammatory rheumatic diseaeses. However, we observed disease exacerbation in some cases. Most side-effects showed the same characteristics in both groups. There was a significant higher appearance of typical osteoporotic back pain in the higher dosage group (p=0,04) and a tendency to higher intraophtalmic pressure in this group (p=0,1). Common side effects with even low dosages were: skin hematoma and thin skin (76,2 % and 73,8 % respective) and a Cushing-Syndrome (61,9 % of all patients). 2. With the liposome staining technique we showed for the first time systematically mGCR on human PBMC. Up to 5 % of B-lymphocytes and 7 % of monocytes presented mGCR in healthy blood donors. Stimulation of the immunological system by vaccination or in case of an active rheumatoid arthritis led to a marked increase of mGCR-positive monocytes to more than 20 %. Conclusions: 1. Low-dose and medium-dose methylprednisolone therapy can effectivly control the activity of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The side effects are probably dose-dependent. However, for most side effects it doesn''t matter if patients are treated with a low-dose or a medium-dose therapy. 2. mGCR are expressed on human PBMC under physiological conditions and are up-regulated under certain immunological conditions. The function of these receptors has to be examined more profoundly.
Bothe, Anna Melissa [Verfasser]. "Investigating the Genomic Effects of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation : An Analysis of Transcriptional Memory and Mechanisms That Direct Divergent Genomic Occupancy of Related Transcription Factors / Anna Melissa Bothe." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-refubium-31999-3.
Full textBeka, Sylvia Enobong. "The genomics of Type 1 Diabetes susceptibility regions and effect of regulatory SNPs." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17200.
Full textKajikawa, Mariko. "An insulinotropic effect of vitamin D analog with increasing intracellular Ca[2+] concentration in pancreatic β-cells through non-genomic signal transduction." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150514.
Full textPerisic, Tatjana. "Epigenetic control of GLT-1 gene activity and its modulation by psychoactive drugs in comparison to genome-wide drug effects." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-143931.
Full textSCHAYBANI, RAMINE. "Etude fonctionnelle des extremites 5 et 3 (non codantes) du genome du virus y de la pomme de terre (pvy) : effets sur la traductibilite et potentialites d'interference avec la multiplication virale." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077231.
Full textJanvier, Xavier. "Etude de l'effet d'un polluant atmosphérique (NO2) sur le microbiote cutané Dialog between skin and its microbiota : Emergence of "Cutaneous bacterial endocrinology" Deleterious effects of an air pollutant on a selection of commensal skin bacterial strains, potential contributor to dysbiosis Response of a commensal skin bacterium to nitrogen oxides (NOx), air pollutants : potential tools for testing anti-pollution active cosmetic ingredient effectiveness Draft genome sequence of the commensal strain Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum CIP 102622 isolated from human skin Draft genome sequences of four commensal strains of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas isolated from healthy human skin." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR007.
Full textNitrogen dioxide (NO2), as the second most deadly air pollutant in Europe, is one of the most of concern for human health according to the European Environment Agency. It is notably known to be responsible for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and also contributes to skin aging and atopic dermatitis. Host endogenous factors such as the cutaneous microbiota are also involved in this pathology, which is common in urban and suburban areas. Indeed, many skin pathologies are correlated to an imbalance (dysbiosis) of the bacterial microbiota, an essential player in the preservation of skin homeostasis. However, it is strongly presumed that the effect of pollutants on the skin involves direct mechanisms of action but also an indirect mechanism linked to the alteration of the cutaneous microbiota by the pollutant. Consequently, it is relevant to address the effect of gaseous NO2 (gNO2) on the cutaneous microbiota. This thesis aims to assess the physiological, morphological and molecular impact of gNO2 on commensal bacterial strains of representative species of the cutaneous microbiota (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus capitis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum). Depending on the species, different responses to gNO2-generated nitrosative stress were thus highlighted as well as a higher tolerance to gNO2 for some of them. This work therefore suggests that gNO2 could contribute to the formation of a dysbiotic state of the cutaneous microbiota and participate in the pollutant indirect action on the skin
"Non-genomic and genomic effects of estrogen and progesterone on mammalian arteries." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890886.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
DECLARATION --- p.i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.ii
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.iii
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH --- p.v
ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.viii
CONTENTS --- p.xi
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction
Chapter 1.1. --- Steroid Hormones --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1. --- Synthesis of estrogens and progesterone --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Cellular Mechanisms of Female Steroid Hormones --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Genomic actions of female steroid hormones --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Non-genomic actions of female steroid hormones --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.3. --- Estrogen antagonists --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.3.1. --- Classification of estrogen antagonists --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.3.2. --- Mechanisms of estrogen antagonists --- p.9
Chapter 1.3. --- Chronic (genomic) Effects of 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.1. --- Effects of lipid metabolism --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2. --- Effects on cell proliferation --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.3. --- Effects on endothelial cells --- p.12
Chapter 1.4. --- Acute Effects of 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.1. --- Role of endothelium in 17β-estradiol or progesterone Relaxation --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.2. --- Involvement of plasma membrane estrogen receptors --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.3. --- Role of Ca2+ and K+ channel in estrogen relaxation --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.4. --- Interaction with vasoconstrictors --- p.15
Chapter 1.4.5. --- Interaction with endothelium-dependent dilators --- p.16
Chapter 1.4.6. --- Interaction with adrenergic response --- p.17
Chapter 1.5. --- Clinical Studies --- p.19
Chapter 1.6. --- Therapeutic Values of Estrogen and Progesterone --- p.20
Chapter 1.7. --- Objectives of the Present Study --- p.22
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Method and Materials
Chapter 2.1. --- Tissue Preparation --- p.25
Chapter 2.1.1. --- "Preparation of the rat aorta, mesenteric artery and carotid Artery" --- p.25
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Removal of the functional endothelium --- p.26
Chapter 2.2. --- Organ Bath Set-up --- p.26
Chapter 2.3. --- Force Measurement --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Vascular action of 17β-estradiol and progesterone --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.1.1. --- Role of endothelium/nitric oxide in 17β-estradiol- or progesterone-induced relaxation --- p.29
Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Role of inducible nitric oxide in progesterone-induced relaxation --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.1.3. --- Effect of estrogen receptor inhibitor on 17β-estradiol- induced relaxation --- p.30
Chapter 2.3.1.4. --- Interaction between progesterone and 17β-estradiol --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.1.5. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on protein kinase C-mediated contraction --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.1.6. --- Synergistic interaction between β-adrenoceptor agonists and 17β-estradiol --- p.32
Chapter 2.4. --- Porcine Coronary Artery Experiments --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.1. --- Vessel preparation --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.2. --- Force measurement --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.3. --- Experimental protocol --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.3.1. --- Effect of physiological level of 17β-estradiol on β- adrenoceptor agonist-induced relaxation --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.3.2. --- Effect of physiological level of 17β-estradiol on phosphodiesterase inhibitor-induced relaxation --- p.34
Chapter 2.5. --- Ovariectomy --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.1. --- Method of ovariectomy --- p.35
Chapter 2.5.2. --- Preparation of blood vessels --- p.36
Chapter 2.5.3. --- Experimental protocols --- p.38
Chapter 2.5.3.1. --- Effect of ovariectomy on contractility of rat carotid arteries --- p.38
Chapter 2.5.3.2. --- Effect of ovariectomy on relaxation of rat carotid arteries --- p.38
Chapter 2.6. --- Chemicals and Solutions --- p.39
Chapter 2.7. --- Statistical Analysis --- p.42
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results
Chapter 3.1. --- Role of Endothelium/Nitric Oxide in 17β-Estradiol- and Progesterone-induced Relaxations --- p.43
Chapter 3.1.1. --- Relaxant response of 17β-estradiol --- p.43
Chapter 3.1.2. --- Effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide activity on 17β- estradiol-induced relaxation --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3. --- Relaxant response of progesterone --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.4. --- Effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide activity on progesterone-induced relaxation --- p.50
Chapter 3.2. --- Effect of Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor on 17β-Estradiol- induced Relaxation --- p.56
Chapter 3.3. --- Interaction between Progesterone and 17β-Estradiol --- p.56
Chapter 3.4. --- Effect of Female Sex Steroid Hormones on Protein Kinase C-mediated Contraction --- p.59
Chapter 3.4.1. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on phorbol ester-induced contraction --- p.59
Chapter 3.4.2. --- Effect of progesterone on phorbol ester-induced contraction --- p.59
Chapter 3.5. --- Effects of β-adrenoceptor Agonists on 17β-Estradiol- induced Relaxations --- p.62
Chapter 3.5.1. --- Effect of isoproterenol on 17β-estradiol-induced relaxation --- p.62
Chapter 3.5.2. --- Role of endothelium/nitric oxide on the isoproterenol potentiation of 17β-estradiol-induced relaxation --- p.63
Chapter 3.5.3. --- Role of cyclic AMP on isoproterenol-enhancement of 17β- estradiol-induced relaxation --- p.69
Chapter 3.5.4. --- Effects of β-adrenoceptor antagonists --- p.69
Chapter 3.6. --- Effects of Physiological Concentration of 17β-EstradioI onβ-adrenoceptor Agonists-induced Relaxationsin Porcine Coronary Artery --- p.77
Chapter 3.6.1. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on isoproterenol-induced relaxations --- p.77
Chapter 3.6.2. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on fenoterol-induced relaxations --- p.11
Chapter 3.6.3. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on dobutamine-induced relaxations --- p.81
Chapter 3.6.4. --- Effect of 17β-estradiol on IBMX-induced relaxation --- p.86
Chapter 3.7. --- Effect of Ovariectomy on the Vascualr Reactivity --- p.88
Chapter 3.7.1. --- Effect of ovariectomy on the contractile activity of rat carotid artery --- p.88
Chapter 3.7.1.1. --- Effect of ovariectomy on phenylephrine-induced contraction --- p.88
Chapter 3.7.1.2. --- Effect of ovariectomy on U46619-induced contraction --- p.96
Chapter 3.7.1.3. --- Effect of ovariectomy on high K+- induced contraction --- p.102
Chapter 3.7.1.4. --- Effect of ovariectomy on acetylcholine-induced relaxation --- p.106
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussions
Chapter 4.1. --- Role of Endothelium/Nitric oxide in 17β-Estradiol- and Progesterone-induced Relaxations --- p.110
Chapter 4.2. --- Effect of Estrogen Receptor Inhibitor on 17β-Estradiol- induced Relaxation --- p.113
Chapter 4.3. --- Interaction between Progesterone and 17β-Estradiol --- p.114
Chapter 4.4. --- Effects of Female Sex Steroid Hormones on Protein Kinase C-mediated Contraction --- p.115
Chapter 4.5. --- Effects of β-Adrenoceptor Agonists on 17β-Estradiol- induced Relaxations --- p.116
Chapter 4.6. --- Effects of 17β-Estradiol on β-Adrenoceptor Agonists- induced Relaxations in Porcine Coronary Artery --- p.121
Chapter 4.7. --- Effect of Ovariectomy on the Vascular Reactivity --- p.125
Chapter 4.8. --- Conclusions --- p.129
References --- p.131
Publications --- p.145
Walkinshaw, Donald R. "Non-genomic effects of thyroid hormone on skeletal muscle /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29625.
Full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29625
Hu, Wen. "Effects of stress on the GABAergic system in the hippocampal formation and medial prefrontal cortex of the adult male rat." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B5C0-C.
Full text(5930135), Bo Peng. "Modeling Boundary Effect Problems of Heterogeneous Structures by Extending Mechanics of Structure Genome." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textMyers, Mallory Lynn. "Developmental differences in hypothermic and behavioral responses to ethanol treatment in Alcohol Preferring and Non-Preferring Rats." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2935.
Full textDifferences in voluntary consumption of ethanol have been negatively correlated with differences in initial sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol’s pharmacological effects. From this perspective, both adolescent and adult alcohol-nonpreferring (NP) rats would be expected to be initially more sensitive to the sedative and hypothermic effects of ethanol and fail to acquire tolerance to those effects than preferring (P) rats. The first objective of this experiment was to assess alcohol-induced hypothermia and locomotor sedation in adolescent and adult P and NP rats over five consecutive daily administrations (saline, 1.5 g/kg, or 3.0 g/kg ethanol 17%v/v), testing the hypothesis that the P rats would acquire tolerance to the hypothermic response whereas the NP rats would not show changes across days. In addition, it was hypothesized that there would be age-related differences in initial sensitivity to ethanol, evident by adolescent rats displaying less ethanol-induced hypothermia and locomotor sedation than adult rats on Day 1. The second objective was to determine if conditioning was occurring between the administration environment and the hypothermic response and locomotor sedation elicited by ethanol exposure, via a sixth injection of saline. Female rats were surgically implanted with intraperitoneal Mini Mitter telemetry probes on postnatal day 25 or 85 and experimental manipulations began five days later. Data were collected every minute; temperature data were then converted to change from baseline scores and locomotor data were totaled for each session. On Day 1, maximum temperature reduction elicited by the 3.0 g/kg dose was greater in the NP rats than the P rats, regardless of age. That dose also produced greater levels of locomotor sedation in the adult rats compared to the adolescent rats, regardless of line. The 1.5 g/kg dose of ethanol produced a greater hypothermic response in adult rats compared to adolescent rats, locomotor activity was reduced equally across the groups. With repeated administrations, NP adult rats displayed sensitization to the hypothermic response elicited from the 3.0 g/kg dose; in contrast, tolerance to the hypothermic response was found within the 1.5 g/kg dose for the adolescent P, adult P, and the adult NP rats. Repeated saline administrations also resulted in tolerance to the hypothermic response associated with administration in the adult NP and adolescent P rats. On the Day 6 saline administrations, adult rats which had previously been exposed to the 3.0 g/kg dose, maintained their baseline body temperatures better than both of the other exposure groups. Adolescent rats failed to show any signs of conditioning when administered saline on Day 6. Contrary to prediction the P rats failed to acquire tolerance to the 3.0 g/kg dose for either measure; and the line difference in ethanol-induce hypothermia was due to sensitization of the hypothermic response in adult NP rats. These results also provide further support that adolescent rats are less sensitive to the initial aversive effects of ethanol at the 1.5 g/kg dose for ethanol-induced hypothermia and the 3.0 g/kg dose for locomotor activity. The current experiment provides evidence that initial sensitivity as well as the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia may be behavioral phenotypes correlated with selection for high and low alcohol drinking preference.
Qi, Baowen. "Novel surface-tethered estrogen polymeric platforms in cardiovascular regenerative medicine." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14118.
Full textEstradiol (E2) is an essential female hormone in the regulation and determination of various physiological conditions in vivo, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. When supplementing exogenous E2 as a clinical strategy for hormone therapy, it generates genomic and non-genomic effect simultaneously via binding to the estrogen receptors in the cell nucleus or membrane site. Compared to the genomic effect, it is quite difficult to monitor the E2-induced non-genomic biological behavior because this effect occurs in extremely transient time scale and the bioavailability and accessibility of E2 to target cells is very low due to the hydrophobic nature of E2. As a result, it is indispensable to develop E2 delivery systems to specifically understand estrogenic non-genomic nature. One of strategies is to graft E2 to the hydrophilic macromolecules, e.g. bovine serum albumin (BSA) or poly(amido)amine dendrimer, to maintain E2 interacting with membrane estrogen receptors instead of penetrating into the cell nucleus. However, the instability of those E2-macromolecules systems, either containing free E2 leaching or discrepancies of cellular localizations, led to controversies. Herein, the objective of present thesis is to develop novel E2-functionlized platforms by the principle of bottom-up and top-down approaches for understanding the mechanism of estrogenic non-genomic effect, and further, to explore their potential applications in the biomedicine. As a bottom-up approach, an activated E2 ligand, 17α-ethinylestradiol-benzoic acid was covalently conjugated onto a phosphorylcholine substituted chitosan polymer (CH-PC-E2) as a prodrug strategy for the fabrication of self-assembled films. Through a series of combined physicochemical and cellular investigations, the relationship between various chemical compositions of chitosan-phosphorylcholine (CH-PC) films and cellular responses was also evaluated. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) examination, zeta-potential measurements, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements, surface topography, charge, and rheology of CH-PC films with 15, 25, and 40 mol% PC contents were characterized. Moreover, QCM-D measurements indicated that the amount of fibrinogen adsorbed on CH-PC films decreased significantly with increasing PC content. Finally, it was also showed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) form spheroids on CH-PC25 and CH-PC40 films, but not on CH-PC15 films cultured over 4 days. In addition, the CH-PC-E2 polymer conjugates were prepared and characterized by several techniques, such as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transformed infrared-attenuated total refraction (FTIR-ATR) and UV/Vis spectra measurements. The hydrogel nature of CH-PC-E2 film as well as its interactions to estrogen receptors was further extensively investigated by QCM-D study. In the cellular study, CH-PC-E2 hydrogel films can significantly stimulate the production of nitric oxide, a protective molecule in the cardiovascular system, in the endothelial cells by a diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate imaging study. The studies above demonstrated the different roles and potential applications of CH-PC-E2 and CH-PC surfaces in the cardiovascular regenerative medicine. As a top-down approach, micropatterned substrates were used for E2 functionalization, which were prepared by photolithography via aligning ~ 2 μm in diameter gold arrays onto a glass substrate. After that, a cell adhesive peptide, cyclic RGD was introduced to the glass surface in order to induce the attachment of cells. Meanwhile, estradiol was covalently immobilized on the gold surface and the process was monitored and validated by combining SPR and QCM-D studies. In the micropatterned substrate-coupled cell ELISA study, a phosphorylation level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is an important non-genomic marker, was significantly elevated by this E2-functionalized micropatterned surface after 1 hour incubation. Furthermore, E2-functionalized micropatterned substrate didn’t proliferate cancer cells indicating the absence of genomic effect stimulation. Based on these results, our E2-functionalized micropatterned substrates can function as an in vitro model for the elucidation of estrogenic non-genomic behaviors.