Journal articles on the topic 'Non-fungible token (NFT)'
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Kostyuchenko, Valentyna, Anastasiia Kalenychenko, and Kateryna Tsopa. "PREREQUISITES FOR NON -FUNGIBFUNGIBLE TOKEN ACCOUNTING." InterConf, no. 15(117) (July 16, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.07.2022.004.
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Today, in the world and in Ukraine, in particular, along with fiat money, there are cryptocurrencies in circulation. One type of cryptocurrency is non-fungible tokens (NFT). NFT is a type of digital asset created on the blockchain basis, which allows you to obtain ownership of a product that exists exclusively on the network (images, videos, animations). NFT opens up new opportunities for intellectual property objects. The purpose of the article is to research the theoretical foundations of cryptocurrency accounting, in particular one of its types, non non-fungible token (NFT). NFT framework is the ERC-721 (Ethereum Request for Comments 721) standard for issuing and trading non-fungible assets. The creation of legislative norms to regulate relations related to cryptocurrencies has just begun in Ukraine. The Law "On Virtual Assets" was adopted in Ukraine, but it has not entered into force. Accounting issues remain unsettled due to the lack of a regulatory framework.
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Ahubele, B. O., and B. D. Okolai. "A Formal Verification Model for Security Vulnerability in Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTS) Platform." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/maths/v10n1p7.
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Non-fungible tokens have been a unique transformation in the implementation of the concept of distributed ledger technology in digital assets. NFTs are said to be non-interchangeable, which distinguishes its value from fungible tokens like Bitcoin (Btc). Scammers are utilizing the open source nature of the blockchain to victimize users and steal their NFTs, leaving NFT collectors with infringed artwork. In a bid to eliminate security vulnerability and attack in NFT platform, we implemented a smart contract verification model. Our verification model is a 2-pronged approach that utilized F*, functional programming language. We presented two tools that translated solidity source code and EVM bytecode to solidity* and EVM* respectively. The EVM decompiler analyzes contracts in which the solidity source codes are unavailable as well as low level properties of contracts. The EVM* and Solidity* tools helped to check the equivalence between a solidity program and the bytecode output from the solidity compiler in order to avoid bugs and preserve verified properties at the source level. In this paper, Etherscan token tracker was used to verify and authenticate NFT token before buying or minting such NFT. Keywords: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), The NFT- marketplace (NFTM), Ethereum
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Kashevarova, N. A., and I. S. Starikova. "Non-fungible token: a promising digital tool for business." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-3-44-51.
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This paper presents a review of the current status and development trends of the non-fungible tokens’ technology (NFT), which are digital rights to unique objects recorded in the blockchain. The object of the study is the non-interchangeable token technology. The subject of the study is the fields of practical application of NFT. The method is an analytical review of scientific publications. The current state and socio-cultural sources of the NFT market related to works of art and media objects are analysed. The technological and legal problems preventing the wide spread of NFT in the business environment are identified. The prospects for the use of non-fungible tokens in the field of protection and commercialization of patent law objects are considered.
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Taherdoost, Hamed. "Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT): A Systematic Review." Information 14, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010026.
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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are gaining in popularity and are already extensively implemented. New use cases for NFTs are constantly developing. NFTs may prevent counterfeiting since each token carries the owner’s digital signature and is thus unique. For the usage of NFTs to progress in an institutional environment, the potential for using NFTs must be investigated in detail. This discovery prompted a comprehensive examination of NFTs developed between 2012 and 2022. The scope is confined to the journal and the keywords “Blockchain”, “Block-chain”, “Non-fungible Token”, and “NFT” are used. Also excluded are studies based on interviews, articles in the press, non-English articles, reviews, conferences, book chapters, dissertations, and monographs. This evaluation includes 34 papers from the last decade. This research examines the current state and development trends of NFT. In addition, the gaps and difficulties in the related literature have been explored, with an emphasis on the limits. These results highlight many unsolved research questions and potential future research avenues that would likely be beneficial to academics and professionals.
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Arif, Muhammad Labib Fahmi. "Wakaf Aset Digital: Non Fungible Token (NFT)." Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah 5, no. 4 (October 16, 2022): 1766–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v5i4.1981.
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Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a digital asset based on blockchain, in the form of a unique certificate or token in digital form that cannot be replaced with another, which is unique and immutable and represents ownership of an asset. NFT has many benefits, especially in economy, so, NFT used as a medium for many social activities. On the other hand, Islam strongly supports social activities, one of which is waqf instruments. The characteristics of NFT which are enduring and have long-term economic benefits, are compatible with the concept of waqf. However, as a new innovation, NFT has not been widely studied according to sharia, especially as object of waqf.
On that basis, this study tries to explore whether NFT can be used as an object of waqf and create a concept for it. Therefore, this research is included in normative legal research, and using a conceptual approach and analytical descriptive analysis.
And result of this study is: 1) in terms of fiqh, NFT can be used as a waqf object as well as copyright as a waqf object, of course with due regard to the three halalness foundation of the NFT and the fulfillment of its requirements for the object of waqf. 2) In practice, wakif for NFT is the creator, while mauquf is in the form of copyright contained in the NFT which is owned by the creator, and the proceeds will be donated to mauquf 'alaih in the form of royalties that arise from the copyright.
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Wu, Chih-Hung, and Chien-Yu Liu. "Educational Applications of Non-Fungible Token (NFT)." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010007.
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With the emergence of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in blockchain technology, educational institutions have been able to use NFTs to reward students. This is done by automatically processing transaction information and the buying and selling process using smart contract technology. The technology enables the establishment of recognition levels and incentivizes students to receive NFT recognition rewards. According to the Taxonomy Learning Pyramid, learning through hands-on experiences plays a crucial role in attracting students’ interest. In this study, we analyzed the potential for using NFTs in education and the current applications of NFTs in society. We conducted a case study and performed a preliminary investigation of the types of NFT applications in the education industry. We then analyzed different education industries using individual analysis combined with SWOT analysis to understand the impact, value, and challenges of NFT applications. The results revealed 10 educational applications of NFT: textbooks; micro-certificates; transcripts and records; scholarships and rights; master classes and content creation; learning experiences; registration and data collection; patents, innovation, and research; art; payment; and deposit. Finally, ways to reduce the negative impact of education NFTs on the sustainable environment are discussed.
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Kim, Kiyoung, Meeyoung Park, and Jiho Hwang. "A Study on Deriving NFT(Non-Fungible Token) Characteristics Using Delphi." Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society 25, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 717–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35978/jktis.2022.8.25.4.717.
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Yoo, YeonJae, and JungHwa Choi. "Types of Non-Fungible Token Fashion Utilization and Internal Value." Journal of the Korean Society of Costume 72, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7233/jksc.2022.72.5.017.
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Sitnik, A. A. "NFT as an Object of Legal Regulation." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 12 (November 19, 2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.145.12.084-093.
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The paper is devoted to the study of the legal nature of a non-fungible token — NFT. The paper discusses the concept and types of tokens. The author defines a token as a unit of accounting in a distributed ledger that digitally represents financial instruments or other assets that expresses the economic value of the objects being represented and allows the rights associated with them to be exercised. According to a common point of view, NFT serves as a means of digital expression of a particular object, it has characteristics (signs) inherent exclusively to it, by virtue of which it cannot be exchanged for another token, and the cost of one NFT is not conditioned by the cost of other tokens. The author notes that the listed features are not inherent in NFT in all cases. In addition, using the example of NFT, the author draws attention to the problem of artificial limitations of the mechanism of legal regulation of fundamentally new digital objects. It is determined that, with regard to NFT, today in the Russian Federation, both the legislator and the financial market regulator maintain the status quo: the state intervenes in public relations that develop during the turnover of non-fungible tokens only if transactions involving them violate the law. Meanwhile, it can be expected that eventually the problems of the issue and circulation of NFT in the financial market will receive their regulatory and legal resolution.
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Bao, Hong, and David Roubaud. "Recent Development in Fintech: Non-Fungible Token." FinTech 1, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fintech1010003.
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Shah, Vidhi. "NFT: An Overview, Investment Perception and Its Sustainability." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40935.
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Abstract: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have recently attracted a lot of investor interest, with some NFTs achieving selling prices that were previously unthinkable for a non-fungible virtual asset. As with any new and untested investment space, investing in NFTs comes with a number of risks and associated challenges. This paper shows insights on what are NFTs, how do NFTs work and about the sustainability of NFTs. The conclusion of this paper discusses if one should invest in NFTs or not, in addition to its sustainability with respect to environment. Keywords: Non-fungible token (NFT), Blockchain, Scarcity, Marketing, AIDA, Beeple, bitcoin, blockchain, Christie’s, collectibles, copyright, crypto asset, cryptocurrencies, digital art, Ethereum, music business and publishing, online payment systems, property, Second Life, Sotheby’s, synthetic worlds, virtual property, virtual real estate.
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Sulistianingsih, Dewi, and Apriliana Khomsa Kinanti. "Hak Karya Cipta Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual." KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 16, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v16i1.1077.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis karya cipta Non Fungitable Token (NFT) dalam kerangka Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Perkembangan teknologi di bidang perdagangan menjadikan seniman lebih mudah untuk mempublikasikan karya untuk dijadikan karya yang memiliki nilai jual yang menghasilkan. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu media untuk digunakan dan sangat membantu seniman untuk berkembang. Meskipun NFT ini sudah ada sejak tahun 2014, namun masih banyak orang yang belum memahami seperti apa sistem kerja NFT ini. Keadaan ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan terkait siapa yang menjadi pemegang hak cipta dan hak milik ketika karya tersebut sudah berkali-kali dipindahtangankan atau diperjualbelikan. Artikel ini memfokuskan diri pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam sudut pandang hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Problem dalam artikel ini yaitu: yaitu hambatan dalam melakukan perlindungan hukum pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam kerangka hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi pustaka dimana menggunakan teknik deskripsi. Data yang terkumpul akan diolah dan dianalisis. Hasil dari pembahasan ini yaitu Hak cipta hanya diberikan kepada pembuat karya tersebut sedangkan hak milik dapat diberikan kepada setiap pihak yang membeli karya tersebut. Kemudian adanya NFT yang masih minim regulasi maka membutuhkan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyanya dan disini yang menjadi payung hukum adalah hak kekayaan intelektual. Setiap karya yang ada pada NFT akan tercatat dan terdaftar secara HKI agar setiap karya terlindungi secara hukum.
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Haryadi, Putri Azura Hana, and Taupiqqurrahman. "Potensi Dan Keabsahan Non-Fungible Token Sebagai Objek Jaminan Fidusia." Reformasi Hukum 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46257/jrh.v26i2.478.
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Perkembangan teknologi informasi mendorong hampir seluruh bidang dalam kehidupan masyarakat menjadi sesuatu yang berbentuk digital terutama dalam bidang perdagangan. Saat ini masyarakat lebih memilih sesuatu yang bersifat praktis, cepat, dan efisien sehingga berbagai platform digital digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. NFT merupakan aset digital yang kepopulerannya meroket beberapa tahun ke belakang ini. Adanya karya pada NFT sudah seharusnya karya NFT tersebut bisa dijadikan objek jaminan fidusia. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana potensi NFT sebagai objek jaminan fidusia serta bagaimana keabsahan NFT apabila dijadikan objek jaminan fidusia. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa dalam konteks regulasi, Indonesia sudah memberikan suatu peluang atau potensi NFT sebagai jaminan fidusia yang berasal dari Undang-Undang Hak Cipta. Terdapat regulasi di Indonesia yang berkaitan untuk dijadikan ketentuan apabila menjadikan NFT sebagai jaminan fidusia. Itu menjadi cara agar pembebanan jaminan fidusia pada NFT tetap sesuai dengan ketentuan yang ada dan tidak melanggar hukum. Potensi tersebut perlu dilakukan penambahan regulasi yang lain terkait dengan NFT sebagai objek hak cipta. Selanjutnya, kedudukan NFT sebagai objek jaminan fidusia belum sah secara khusus, begitu pula legalitasnya. Berdasarkan regulasi-regulasi terkait yang sudah berlaku, terlihat potensinya untuk dibuat atau dikembangkan suatu produk hukum sebagai regulasi tambahan baru yang mengatur secara khusus dan terperinci. Dengan begitu, masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan NFT dengan maksimal dan bukan hanya sebagai investasi namun dijadikan hal lainnya seperti objek jaminan. Pemanfaatan NFT perlu diiringi dengan produk hukum dan ketentuan yang mengatur secara khusus untuk memberikan perlindungan dari segi hukum.
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Kim, Jin. "A Study on the Utilization and Implications of NFT (Non-fungible Token)." Korea Real Estate Society 65 (September 30, 2022): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2022.40.3.173.
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UMAROV, Husan S. "Realizing the opportunities of non-fungible token use in the modern intellectual property market." Finance and Credit 28, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 699–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.28.3.699.
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Subject. This article discusses the issues of using the capabilities of non-fungible tokens (NFT) to tokenize copyright objects, and regulation of authorship and ownership of NFT objects on existing Internet platforms. Objectives. The article aims to describe the main opportunities and complexities of tokenization of assets using non-fungible tokens in Russia and abroad, and substantiate the need for legal changes in NFT regulation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparison, observation, classification, and analysis of statistical data from leading analytical platforms and blockchain explorers, and Russian and foreign research materials. Results. Based on the assessment of the legal status of non-fungible tokens in Russia and abroad, the article presents legal initiatives to regulate non-fungible tokens both in Russia and abroad. Relevance. The presented NFT tools can be useful for analysts, researchers, specialists in blockchain technology, journalism, film industry, business, mass events, as well as developers, artists, musicians, art historians and ordinary users in establishing the authenticity of art objects and collectibles, implementing applications, patents, certificates and licenses for the product, tokenizing digital goods to prevent fraud and plagiarism, and monitor the execution of financial transactions.
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Karandikar, Nikita, Antorweep Chakravorty, and Chunming Rong. "Blockchain Based Transaction System with Fungible and Non-Fungible Tokens for a Community-Based Energy Infrastructure." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113822.
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Renewable energy microgeneration is rising leading to creation of prosumer communities making it possible to extract value from surplus energy and usage flexibility. Such a peer-to-peer energy trading community requires a decentralized, immutable and access-controlled transaction system for tokenized energy assets. In this study we present a unified blockchain-based system for energy asset transactions among prosumers, electric vehicles, power companies and storage providers. Two versions of the system were implemented on Hyperledger Fabric. Assets encapsulating an identifier or unique information along with value are modelled as non-fungible tokens (NFT), while those representing value only are modelled as fungible tokens (FT). We developed the associated algorithms for token lifecycle management, analyzed their complexities and encoded them in smart contracts for performance testing. The results show that performance of both implementations are comparable for most major operations. Further, we presented a detailed comparison of FT and NFT implementations based on use-case, design, performance, advantages and disadvantages. Our implementation achieved a throughput of 448.3 transactions per second for the slowest operation (transfer) with a reasonably low infrastructure.
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Beqiri, Gonxhe, Nora Sadiku-Dushi, and Theranda Beqiri. "The Application of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) in Marketing." Gestion 2000 Volume 39, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/g2000.393.0089.
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Maurya, Harsh. "USE OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFT)AS OPTIONS CONTRACT ONPHYSICALOR DIGITAL ASSETS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 9 (January 1, 2022): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i09.021.
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Non-fungible tokens provide ownership guarantees on an underlying asset to the holder of the token.NFT works on the block chain technology and does not need any intermediary or central authority to operate. We study one of possible applications of this technology – to have two parties enter into an options contract with a physical or digital asset as an under lier. The holder of the options contract can be validated through the NFT token.
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Febriandika, Nur Rizqi, Fadli Fadli, and Denizar Abdurrahman Mi'raj. "How are NFT (Non-Fungible Token) transactions reviewed according to Islamic law?" Borobudur Law Review 4, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/burrev.6807.
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In the current digitalization era, many people are motivated to increase economic income in many ways, one of which is using digital technology NFT (Non-Fungible Token). The use of technology contained in NFT has a positive impact on people who have expertise in digital art; this is used to significantly increase economic income. This study discusses the history of NFT, the mechanism of buying and selling NFT, the characteristics of NFT and the view of Islamic law on buying and selling NFT transactions. The purpose of this study is to find out what is meant by NFT, the history of NFT, characteristics of NFT, how the mechanism of NFT sales is, and to find out how Islamic law views NFT buying and selling transactions. This research is a type of qualitative research; the author uses a descriptive-analytical approach which is classified as a qualitative research type by searching through library data or library research. The results of this study found that the history of NFT began in the BC era (Before Cryptokittes) 2012-2016, Cryptokitties and Cyptopunks (2017-2021), and the Decentraland Era (Metaverse) (2021-present). The law of buying and selling NFT is not found in the Koran or Hadith specifically but can be studied based on the pillars and conditions of buying and selling that have been regulated in Islamic law. According to Islamic law, transactions in the sale and purchase of NFT are included in the permissible sale and purchase; the transaction of buying and selling NFT is considered valid as a form of buying and selling in Islam because of the terms and pillars of the sale and purchase have been fulfilled.
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Zhao, Honglin. "Research on NFT in the Context of Blockchain." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 12 (August 26, 2022): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v12i.1414.
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A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unit of data on what is known as a blockchain digital ledger, where each token can represent a unique piece of digital data. Since they are not interchangeable, non-homogeneous tokens can represent digital files, such as paintings, sounds, movies, projects in games, or other forms of creative work. Blockchain allows users on the C or B side to place personal data or business data on the blockchain network, instead of homogenous token, thus becoming the next hot spot in the Internet industry. 2021 was perhaps the most critical year for the industry so far. In this paper, 2020 can be defined as a year of construction and preparation, which saw great progress and positive results on the most important indicators and macro indicators for the industry. There are more wallets and transactions interacting with DApps than ever before, and the demand for NFT and games has increased dramatically.
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Bao, Hong, and David Roubaud. "Non-Fungible Token: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15050215.
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The popularity of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) has risen rapidly since 2020, becoming one of the most popular applications in the Fintech field. However, there has so far been no attempt to perform a systematic review in this new area. Considering the items of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this paper conducts a systematic review of the research work on NFT, published in journals indexed at the Web of Science and ScienceDirect until April 2022. The results reveal that there are 13 published articles in the targeted journals and they are mainly focused on the asset pricing area. The research gaps identified in the literature also can be the opportunity for future study. Thus, we lay down the research agenda for the future in several important but unanswered fields related to asset pricing, tokenomics, and risk and regulation.
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Aleksashina, Anastasia. "Legal essence of the rights to non-fungible token (NFT)." nauka.me, no. 2 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s241328880020950-9.
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The article discusses the features of non-interchangeable tokens from the point of view of law. The author reveals and systematizes the rights to NFT, offers solutions to existing problems. In addition, the article proposes the concept of hybrid rights, invented by the author.
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Krasikov, Hannah N. "The NFT Boom and Bust." Journal of Popular Music Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2022.34.4.39.
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Since the popularization of digital music downloading and streaming services beginning in 1999 with Napster, artists have struggled to recover financially from the decline of physical album sales. Streaming services like Spotify have been scrutinized for low royalty payments to artists—an issue that was exacerbated over the course of the coronavirus pandemic. Following the successful debut of non-fungible token (NFT) collections by musicians including Grimes, Kings of Leon, and deadmau5 early in 2021, some of the biggest mainstream reporters in music began calling NFTs the future of the music industry. The decentralized funding structure NFTs offered appeared to provide a solution for compensating artists fairly; however, in practice, NFTs have primarily only benefitted musicians of celebrity status. This article provides a brief introduction to non-fungible tokens and examines why they have appealed to musicians. Additionally, it establishes the difference between visual art NFTs and music NFTs by situating the latter within both historical and neoliberal capitalist understandings of musical value. Drawing from evidence demonstrating how NFTs have been used in practice, this essay suggests that by assetizing music, NFTs re-legitimize the undervaluing of musicians by establishing them as productive laborers in technoscientific capitalist societies.
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Tong, Antonia. "Non-fungible Token, Market Development, Trading Models, and Impact in China." Asian Business Review 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abr.v12i1.607.
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Many people, including rapper Snoop Dogg, actor William Shatner, Paris Hilton, Lindsay Lohan, Grimes, and Emily Ratajkowski, are enthusiastic about how Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) will bring value to create many beautiful arts for easy collection and trade in the dynamics of the art market. According to the OpenSea market estimates, the NFT projects available in the different blockchain is worth roughly 840 million US$. NFTs recently received enormous attention from both cryptocurrency investors and the media; even billionaire Elon Mask posted a Meme on his Twitter account and bought the sale of meme NFT for $19800. The biggest economic power that banned cryptocurrency last year, China, made a formal supportive statement to back NFT booming in the whole country. Suddenly, the red power realized the transaction order of the meta-verse system; the tokenized economy is an undoubted benefit for the living style of the current generation. Although the concept of NFTs is very new, trading activities are moving extremely fast in China. An exhibition like “Virtual Niche” can take up to three years to organize in the rest of the world, but it took just a few months in the second biggest superpower China, Beijing. Eventually, this new form of entity will make it easier and more capacitive for the Chinese style of politics, economy, and culture to stand strong in the world for thousands of years. This thesis will introduce the current NFT market development, trading models, and impact in China. With no hesitation, this time, China has entered the era of "everything can be NFT".
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Ivana, Gabriella, and Andriyanto Adhi Nugroho. "Akibat Kekosongan Hukum Terhadap Non-Fungible Token Sebagai Pelanggaran Hak Kekayaan Intelektual." JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW 5, no. 2 (November 12, 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v5i2.5685.
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<p><em>This study aims to analyze the impact of a legal vacuum on digital art in NFT</em><em> </em><em>(Non-Fungible Token) as a violation of intellectual property rights and find out how the current regulation regarding digital art in NFT is viewed from Intellectual Property Rights. The era is growing, presenting the development of technological sophistication which is one of the things that is most needed by humans. One form of this technological sophistication is the internet and smartphones. Humans can communicate, buy and sell transactions, and so on only through the internet. In terms of buying and selling transactions, the emergence of NFT as a digital asset has become a trendsetter favored by many parties because the presence of NFT can be utilized in the arts, business and entertainment industries. The research method used in this research is normative juridical research with a case study approach and legislation. The results of this study conclude that due to the legal vacuum of digital art in NFT, it triggers the occurrence of violations that can harm certain individuals such as plagiarism, theft of works and even forgery and fraud. It is necessary to add regulations regarding all activities within the NFT itself, including the legal sanctions. This study seeks to explain all the possibilities of criminal acts that may occur and their settlements based on the Law relating to Intellectual Property Rights.</em></p><p> </p><p>Tujuan studi ini yaitu menganalisa kekosongan hukum atas seni digital dalam NFT (<em>Non-Fungible Token</em>) sebagai pelanggaran hak kekayaan intelektual dan mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan saat ini mengenai seni digital dalam NFT ditinjau dari Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Zaman yang semakin berkembang, menghadirkan perkembangan kecanggihan teknologi yang menjadi salah satu hal yan paling dibutuhkan oleh manusia. Salah satu bentuk dari kecanggihan teknologi ini adalah internet dan <em>smartphone</em>. Manusia dapat melakukan komunikasi, transaksi jual beli, dan lain sebagainya hanya lewat internet saja. Dalam hal transaksi jual beli, kemunculan NFT sebagai sebuah aset digital menjadi <em>trendsetter</em> yang digemari banyak pihak karena kehadiran NFT dapat dimanfaatkan dalam industri seni, bisnis dan hiburan. Studi ini menggunakan Metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwasanya karena adanya kekosongan hukum terhadap seni digital dalam NFT, memicu terjadinya pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang dapat merugikan oknum-oknum tertentu seperti plagiarisme, pencurian karya bahkan pemalsuan dan penipuan. Sehingga perlulah penambahan peraturan mengenai segala aktivitas di dalam NFT itu sendiri termasuk sanksi hukumnya. Kajian ini berupaya menjelaskan segala kemungkinan-kemungkinan tindak pidana yang mungkin terjadi beserta penyelesaiannya berdasarkan pada regulasi terkait Hak Kekayaan Intelektual.</p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p>
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Hübner, Marco. "Neue Möglichkeit zur Vermarktung." Lebensmittel Zeitung 74, no. 32 (2022): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2022-32-031.
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Der Hype um Non-Fungible Token (NFT) erfasst auch die Food-Branche. Vor allem Hersteller von Marken- und Lifestyleprodukten experimentieren mit digitalen Vermögenswerten. Der Süßwarenhersteller Katjes berichtet von ersten Erfolgen – doch es gibt auch Risiken.
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Ante, Lennart. "The Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Market and Its Relationship with Bitcoin and Ethereum." FinTech 1, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fintech1030017.
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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are transferrable rights to digital assets, such as art, in-game items, collectables, or music. The phenomenon and its markets have grown significantly since early 2021. We investigate the interrelationships between NFT sales, NFT users (unique active blockchain wallets), and the pricing of Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH). Using daily data between January 2018 and April 2021, we show that a Bitcoin price shock triggers an increase in NFT sales. Also, Ether price shocks reduce the number of active NFT wallets. The results suggest that (larger) cryptocurrency markets affect the growth and development of the (smaller) NFT market, but there is no reverse effect.
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王儷眞, 王儷眞, and 張仲宇 Li-Chen Wang. "簡析NFT之法律性質及監管." 月旦會計實務研究 49, no. 49 (January 2022): 063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/252260962022010049008.
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Lim, Byung Hwa, and Youngmi Ko. "Non-Fungible Token(NFT) Utilization and Legal Considerations in the Entertainment Industry." Korea Law Review 106 (September 30, 2022): 315–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36532/kulri.2022.106.315.
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Sari, Dina Purnama. "PEMANFAATAN NFT SEBAGAI PELUANG BISNIS PADA ERA METAVERSE." Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.58487/akrabjuara.v7i1.1770.
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In the metaverse era, there are several business opportunities that can be obtained by the people, one of which is NFT. NFT is an NFT or Non-Fungible Token is a token (based on program code on the blockchain) that represents digital files, including photos, images, songs, sound recordings, videos, and games. Thus, NFT is a digital-based asset so it is relatively easy to trade because it does not require real space which is more expensive. Meanwhile, the research method carried out is descriptive qualitative using secondary data based on phenomena by using analysis from relevant references. The result of his research is that NFT is one of the easiest business opportunities to do in the metaverse era.
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Ascı, Taner, and İhsan Toktas. "Endüstriyel Tasarıma konu ürünlerin ticarileştirilmesinde NFT (Non- Fungible Token) kullanım potansiyeli." Academic Perspective Procedia 5, no. 3 (November 2, 2022): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.05.03.2162.
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Arda, Muhammad Adhli, and Bayu Setiaji. "IMPLEMENTATION OF HASHLIPS ART ENGINE TO EARN IMAGE VARIATIONS ON NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT)." Jurnal Pilar Nusa Mandiri 18, no. 2 (September 13, 2022): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/pilar.v18i2.3898.
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Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a blockchain-based token that securely maps copyright ownership to digital assets, these digital assets exist on the blockchain network which have identification codes and metadata that are unique and different from each other (one-of-the-kind). . It can also be interpreted as a digital asset that represents a variety of assets that are considered unique. NFTs can be traded for digital assets (images, music, videos, virtual creations) where ownership is recorded in a smart contract on the blockchain. One of the difficulties faced is that it takes a very long time for NFT creators to create a large number of works of art in a short time. To make it easier for creators to create NFT images, Daniel Eugene Botha, or better known as Hashlips, created a Hashlips Art Engine algorithm that can be used to create many different NFT images based on the layers provided using the canvas API and node.js. The hashlips algorithm also generates metadata as an important role in the mechanism for searching and exchanging NFT data and measuring the percentage of rarity in the resulting image. In addition, this study also shows the time required to create NFT images.
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Попова, А. В., and С. И. Семцива. "TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE NECESSITY OF INTRODUCTION THE PHENOMENON OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFT-TOKEN) INTO RUSSIAN LEGISLATION." Теория государства и права, no. 4(25) (January 18, 2022): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.47905/matgip.2021.25.4.017.
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Современный период развития российского общества характеризуется цифровизацией основных институтов общества, которая, однако, идёт гораздо интенсивнее, чем развитие российского законодательства. Статья посвящена анализу сущности невзаимозаменяемого токена (NFT, nonfungible token), особенностям их создания и обращения, а также необходимостью внедрения данного феномена в законодательство РФ как предмета интеллектуальной собственности, цифровых прав, а также урегулирование вопроса перехода исключительных прав на сами NFT объекты. Автор видит перспективы для введения института цифровых прав, в частности таких правовых феноменов, как NFT, в законодательство отдельных стран. В статье предложены конкретные изменения в статьи гражданского, а также уголовного и семейного законодательства, направленные на устранение существующих пробелов правового регулирования данного вопроса и развитие NFT в будущем. The modern period of development of Russian society is characterized by the digitalization of the main institutions of society, which, however, is much more intensive than the development of Russian legislation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of NFT, the peculiarities of their creation and circulation, as well as the need to introduce this phenomenon into the legislation of the Russian Federation as a subject of intellectual property, digital rights, as well as the settlement of the issue of the transfer of exclusive rights to the NFT objects themselves. The author sees prospects for the introduction of the institution of digital rights, in particular, such legal phenomena as NFT, into the legislation of individual countries. The paper proposes specific changes to articles of civil, as well as criminal and family law, aimed at eliminating the existing gaps in the legal regulation of this issue and the development of NFT in the future.
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Dhruv, Singhwani. "Best design practices & strategy to launch your own NFT project." Trends in Computer Science and Information Technology 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2022): 007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/tcsit.000045.
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The term ‘non-fungible’ is used in economics to denote the possession of unique objects and to describe things that cannot be replaced by others because they have a set of unique properties. A ‘token’ as a unit of account is a record in a distributed blockchain that is controlled by a computer algorithm of a smart contract, in which the values of the balances on the accounts of token holders are recorded, making it possible to transfer them from one wallet to another.
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Golovanova, Irina. "NFT Technology in South Korea: History and Trends." Oriental Courier, no. 3 (2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310023725-5.
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In 2017, the technology of unique cryptographic tokens NFT (Non-Fungible Token) was created to help artists to monetize their creativity in the digital environment. But today the NFT world is a huge market segment in the internet space: millions of users all over the world, including famous artists, exhibit NFT works and buy and sell them. The nominal size of the market, according to various estimates, was $22 billion in 2020 and $50 billion in 2021; and the volume of sales only continues to grow: already in January of this year 2022, at least half a billion transactions were made weekly. In this article, the author presents a study of the Korean segment of the NFT market based on the NFT token sale and resale platforms OpenSea and Rarible, highlights the main directions of works and the main names of NFT artists, and examines the Korean segment of the cryptocurrency market used for selling cryptocurrency tokens. The author also analyzes how NFT technology first appeared in South Korea and was spread to individuals and organizations, and presents data on the largest transactions, comparing NFT tokens of artists from South Korea with tokens of other foreign artists. Over the past few years, NFT technology has not only become popular among individuals but has also gained credibility and spread to large companies in South Korea. The author notes that NFT technology has been actively developed not only by private users but also by the government — and has even come under its regulation due to the rapid growth of interest in blockchain.
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Syahroni, Bayu Aunillah, and Dini Faisal. "Desain Karakter 2 Dimensi “Kerbau” Sebagai Simbol Minangkabau Dalam Penerapan NFT." DEKAVE : Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/dekave.v12i2.117393.
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Non-Fungible Token (NFT) adalah salah satu aset digital dalam jaringan blockchain yang terdapat kode identifikasi dan mendata unik serta beda satu sama lain (one of kind). Menurut informasi yang didapatkan masih ada target audience yang dituju belum mengetahui tentang simbol “Minangkabau” sebagai budaya Minangkabau ini, dan juga masih ada yang belum mengetahui tentang Non-Fungible Token (NFT) karena belum ada media visual informasi yang efektif dan efisien. Selain itu dilihat dari segi potensi atau peluang yang ada Desain Karakter 2 Dimensi “Kerbau” sebagai simbol Minangkabau dalam penerapan NFT ini mendukung mulai dari trend dan Fenomena NFT yang sudah terjadi belakangan ini, tinggal bagaimana memanfaatkan peluang dari NFT itu sendiri untuk dijadikan sebagai media yang informatif yang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan perancangan ini adalah berupa rancangan Desain Karakter 2 Dimensi “Kerbau” sebagai simbol budaya Minangkabau dalam penerapan NFT dan juga media pendukung lainnya untuk memberikan informasi secara langsung dengan tampilan yang komunikatif, efektif, efisien, juga disampaikan dengan menggunakan Bahasa yang verbal dan visual kepada publik. Metode pengumpulan data pada perancangan ini adalah Observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan metode perancangan yang akan digunakan yaitu adalah metode ADDIE dengan metode analisis data yaitu 5W+1H (What, When, Who, dan How). Media Utama pada perancangan ini yaitu Desain Karakter 2 Dimensi “Kerbau” sebagai simbol budaya Minangkabau dalam penerapan NFT. Media pendukung yang digunakan adalah X-banner, Baju Kaos, Digital Printing, Mug, Totebag, dan Sticker.
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Noor, Muhammad Usman. "NFT (Non-Fungible Token): Masa Depan Arsip Digital? Atau Hanya Sekedar Buble?" Pustakaloka 13, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/pustakaloka.v13i2.3289.
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Kovacs, Elizabeth. "Existing in Etherium: The autographic ontology of the non-fungible token artwork." Journal of Digital Art & Humanities 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2712-8148.2.2_5.
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This paper examines the concept that legitimate autographic identity may be granted to digital images created as a non-fungible token (NFT). The blockchain technology coded permanently into minted NFT’s keep track of the legitimacy of authorship and ownership, keeping them from being duplicated and removing them from the realm of allographic art. Questions arise of what ‘legitimacy’ and ‘ownership’ for a digital image—which are so easily reproduced and circulated—even look like. The main question that must be answered is whether the backend coding of a digital file is sufficient to alter its ontology into a token of one-of-a-kind autographic work, or if it only what is visible to the viewer of the image matters for its replicability and allographic ontological nature.
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Iqbal Zakasih, Muhammad, and Widiyanto Tri Handoko. "ANALISIS SENTIMEN PENGGUNA TWITTER TENTANG NFT (NON FUNGIBLE TOKEN) DENGAN METODE NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER." Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik 5, no. 2 (November 26, 2022): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36595/jire.v5i2.694.
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Twitter merupakan sosial media yang sedang hype di era sekarang ini, sebuah aplikasi seperti twitter pasti memiliki banyak data seperti simbol, kata kata , angka , kalimat dan lain sebagainya. Namun tidak mudah mengumpulkan sebuah data dengan cara yang sederhana maka dibutuhkan sebuah data mining yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan mengolah data agar dapat dengan mudah mengekstrak informasi data tertentu. Proses Data mining ini menggunakan metode Naive Bayes Classifier untuk menghasilkan tingkat akurasi dari metode tersebut untuk data twitter tentang NFT(Non Fungible Token).
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Widiatno, Andi, and Ganiviantara Pratama. "CYBERPORN DALAM PASAR DIGITAL NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS: PRESPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK DAN PORNOGRAFI." JOURNAL JUSTICIABELEN (JJ) 2, no. 2 (July 18, 2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jj.v2i2.2110.
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ABSTRAK Kemunculan dari Non-Fungible Token atau yang dikenal sebagai NFT cukup berdampak pada sebagian industri ditanah air terkhusus di industri seni. Salah satu dampak buruk dari kehadiran NFT adalah berkenaan dengan pelanggaran pornografi di dunia siber. Terlihat secara fakta bahwa di dalam pasar digital NFT terdapat akun akun yang menjual gambar dan konten yang bermuatan porno dan melanggar kesusilaan. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan tujuan dari penelitian ini, tentunya untuk memberikn sanksi kepada pelanggar kesusilaan kepada para pemilik akun tersebut. Selain itu tidak hanya pelaku yang bisa terkena jeratan hukum melainkan penyelenggara sistem elektroniknya pun bisa mendapatkan sanksi berdasarkan hukum Indonesia, penyelenggara sistem elektronik dapat diberikan sanksi berupa sanksi administrasi yaitu pencabutan izin. Sanksi ini diberikan sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab hukum para penyelenggara sistem elektronik yang berada di wilayah hukum Indonesia. ABSTRACTThe emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens or known as NFTs has had quite an impact on some industries in the country, especially in the arts industry. One of the bad effects of the presence of NFT is related to pornography violations in cyberspace. It can be seen in the fact that in the NFT digital market there are accounts selling pornographic images and content that violate decency. This writing uses a normative juridical approach, with the aim of this research, of course, to give sanctions to violators of decency to the account owners. In addition, it is not only perpetrators who can be subject to legal entanglement, but also the organizers of the electronic system can get sanctions under Indonesian law, the organizers of the electronic system can be given sanctions in the form of administrative sanctions, namely revocation of permits. This sanction is given as a form of legal responsibility for electronic system operators in the Indonesian jurisdiction.
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Dolganin, A. A. "Non-fungible tokens (NFT) and intellectual property: The triumph of the proprietary approach?" Digital Law Journal 2, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-3-46-54.
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Technical methods of intellectual property protection are reviewed and combined in the essay in the discourse of historical development — from man-made signatures of Renaissance artists to non-fungible tokens (NFT). The proliferation of NFTs is analyzed from the point of view of the commercial law: NFTs are discussed as objects that simultaneously have the characteristics of independence and a derivative nature in relation to intellectual property being the underlying digital asset. The self-sufficiency of NFTs as legal objects is provided by their commodity properties, which arise not only from the value of the underlying asset, but from the phenomenon of crystallization of the unique fixed version of the asset in a non-interchangeable and irreproducible token. The derivative nature of NFTs, figuratively correlated with the derivative contracts in financial markets, is manifested in the symbolization of intellectual property as an underlying asset and the loss (in full or in part) of its usual significance for a potential acquirer when placed in an NFT-image. Despite the variety and a specific evolution of legal approaches to the understanding of intellectual property, we can state a long-standing conceptual rejection by legal scholars from the simplest proprietary theories of transferring real rights constructions to intellectual property. However, some absolute property features of the NFTs, ensuring both internal and external legal aspects of the property, raise the question of a new legal life of “proprietarism” in the conditions of digitalization and information capitalism.
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He, Dandan, Zheng Liu, Qingqing Yang, and Lei Ma. "The Development of Digital Collection Platform under Responsible Innovation Framework: A Study on China’s Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Industry." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040203.
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The combination of non-fungible token (NFT) with paintings, music, games, videos and other forms of creative content is an innovation to protect the copyright of authors. It digitizes physical works with unique labels. At present, the NFT industry is blooming in the area of digital collections in China, attracting increasingly more artists, art collectors and platform enterprises to interact. However, the NFT digital collection platform is facing challenges and growth limitations. This study adopts the theory framework of responsible innovation. Through semi-structured interview and secondary document review, it analyzes the positive and negative effects of China’s NFT digital collections alongside technological, economical, ethical and social dimensions. The paper proposes four development paths to achieve responsible innovation of this emerging new business. Further discussion links NFT with open innovation dynamics, alongside areas for future research.
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Brisov, Y. V., and A. A. Pobedkin. "Legal regime of NFT (non-fungible token) in Russia: How to work in the absence of special legislative regulation?" Digital Law Journal 3, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2022-3-1-44-66.
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The year 2021 was a turning point in the development of digital art. The widespread use of a non-fungible tokens (NFT) in the art industry has revolutionized the modern understanding of intellectual property rights (hereinafter — IPR) and the transfer of IPR.The role of agents as intermediaries between artists and art connoisseurs lost its importance, and so did the role of streaming services. Blockchain technology rewards creators for the sales of works on the secondary market and their subsequent use.Today everyone heard of NFT. Nevertheless, what we know about NFT now is just the tip of the iceberg. The potential market for NFT is enormous: it goes far beyond the visual arts. It will only be a few years before we realize all the possibilities that NFT brings to the table.The importance of an excellent legal framework for NFT is apparent. However, as it may seem, Russian legislation bypasses this aspect. Hence, is it possible to work with NFT in Russia? The answer to this question is significant for many who wish to be part of the international NFT market, such as museums, galleries, artists, musicians, entrepreneurs.The purpose of the work is to substantiate the possibility of working with NFT in Russia in the absence of special legal regulation.The authors, using systematic, deductive and comparative research methods, designate the place of NFT in the system of legislative regulation of digital assets. Using an empirical method, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of overcoming the legal hardships of NFT transactions in Russia on the examples of successful projects of tokenization of masterpieces of the State Hermitage Museum, works of other museums, private collections, and creations by young Russian artists.The result of the work is the justification of the feasibility of working with NFT in Russia in the absence of special legal regulation and the formation of such a model for structuring transactions with NFT, which fully complies with the requirements of Russian legislation.The materials of the research used domestic and foreign experience of tokenization of digital art objects, as well as domestic and foreign literature on legal problems of NFT.
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Okonkwo, Ifeanyi E. "NFT, copyright and intellectual property commercialization." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 29, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaab010.
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Abstract The invention of disruptive technologies broadens the horizon of opportunities for intellectual property owners. The very idea of selling copyright works in a digital space and using the same to form a digital currency is disruptive. This is one opportunity Non-Fungible Token (NFT) offers. But that disruptiveness raises certain questions and provoke the consciousness to wonder if NFTs are a form of intellectual property, or whether NFT would shift the paradigm of copyright law as we know it. Governments through her agencies are also caught in the unrestlessness of deciphering what NFT means and whether it holds any value for intellectual property. This article will address the relationship between NFT and copyright, the forseeable problems and solutions, and how NFTs are channels for intellectual property commercialisation.
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Abdou, Doaa, and Fatma Elnasr. "PROSPECTS OF INVESTMENT IN DIGITAL ART: CASE OF ETHEREUM AND NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT)." Economics & Law 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/el.swu.v3i2.3.
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This paper focuses on the technology impact via Blockchain to change consumer behavior in the digital art industry. The paper objectives are three folds: first, analyze the impact of Ethereum in selling digital artwork and on the bank world. Second, investigate the effects of Non-Fungible Token on the art industry. Third, highlight how people can sell their artworks, tweets, or even memes for thousands of dollars. Fourth, explain the effect of Ethereum in creating value for artwork and why a meme that includes nothing unique to be sold for an unbelievable price? The paper provides insights on the future of the digital arts industry and the rational behavior of the developers, artists, and even customers, as the three parties shape the business of the NFL’s success. It reflects on the investment behavior in digital arts and the importance of a secure long-term investment for a niche segment that seeks to satisfy their need of acquiring unique products. The paper serves as a guide for digital art and focuses on how AI applications create profitable markets.
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Gonserkewitz, Phil, Erik Karger, and Marvin Jagals. "Non-fungible tokens: Use cases of NFTs and future research agenda." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 12, no. 3 (2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv12i3p1.
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Blockchain is a disruptive technology that is applied in many different areas (Atici, 2022). Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are becoming increasingly popular and are already widely used in practice. New use cases for NFTs are emerging all the time. Due to the fact that they are unique, NFTs can prevent counterfeiting, as each token contains the digital signature of the owner (Rehman, Zainab, Imran, & Bawany, 2021). For the use of NFTs to advance in the institutional setting, the opportunities for using NFTs need to be clearly explored. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR), this paper describes and lists the most discussed use cases for NFTs in the scientific literature. The most discussed use cases are art and collectibles, video games, and applications in the metaverse. Another contribution of this article is a future research agenda that contains open questions in the field of NFTs. It aims to provide researchers with promising research avenues to stimulate future research. The results show that there are still challenges in the field of NFT that need to be further explored. In summary, our article aims to equip both researchers and practitioners with an initial overview and knowledge about NFTs, including their applications and challenges.
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Xia, Yijing. "On the Legitimacy of Exhaustion of Rights in Non-Fungible Token Transactions of Digital Works." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 10, no. 2 (July 10, 2022): p71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v10n2p71.
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As the golden rule of resolving the conflict between intellectual property and right in rem of the same object, exhaustion of rights aims to avoid the influence of exercising intellectual property right on right in rem. The academic circle is unable to come to any agreement concerning the discussion of extending the rule of exhaustion of rights to the regulation of utilizing works in digital conditions. The blockchain technology and market have a transformative impact on the copyrights in the digital environment. NFT and the mode of NET of digital works have reshaped the traditional ecology of online works transmission and utilization, offering opportunities for the exhaustion of rights to be applied in the network environment. Hence, it is the right moment to create the digital environment to apply the exhaustion of copyrights.
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Francisco, Ryan, Nelson Rodelas, and John Edison Ubaldo. "The Perception of Filipinos on the Advent of Cryptocurrency and Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Games." International Journal of Computing Sciences Research 6 (January 31, 2022): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.89.
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Purpose – This study aims to shed light on the rise of play-to-earn games in the Philippines alongside cryptocurrency. The lack of research and public understanding of its benefits and drawbacks prompted the researchers to investigate its market. As such, the study tried to look into the risks and benefits of crypto gaming if it would be regulated by the government, and how market volatility influences the churn rate of crypto games. Method – The research used a descriptive study to determine the perception of people who are engaged in playing “Axie Infinity”. The research also used non-probability sampling using the snowball method. The only tool used to collect data was Google Forms. Furthermore, the study used Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the descriptive data. Result – The results showed that most players spend their time playing Axie Infinity for about 1 to 4 hours a day. Predominantly, the return of investments for playing the game will take about 1 to 3 months. It also showed that these players agreed that there is a possible financial instability in a volatile market. With this, they have a high trust issue in terms of price manipulation, privacy and security, and its design and usability. Conclusion – Understanding the cryptocurrency market requires comprehending the perspective of the people who are engaged in a play-to-earn game, and their concerns are critical for any government actions aimed at regulating self-employed income earners playing (Non-fungible Tokens) NFT games in the Philippines. Recommendations – It is suggested that further research must be conducted to understand how self-employed Filipino income earners comprehend NFT gaming and cryptocurrency, impacting their level of interest and participation. Research Implications – Taxing NFT games without sound regulatory frameworks may result in the disarray of this alternative income source. Therefore, the government must tread carefully to avoid a market collapse or other unfavorable outcomes.
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ÖZTÜRK, Sevgi Ayşe. "Yeni Bir Dijital Varlık Olarak NFT: Pazarlama Dünyasındaki Yeri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler." Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1225897.
Full textAbstract:
Bu makalenin amacı; kapsamlı bir literatür taramasına dayalı olarak, NFT (non-fungible-token: misli olmayan kripto varlıklar) kavramını işletmeler ve tüketiciler perspektifinden değerlendirebilmektir. NFT; resim, oyun, ses gibi bir dijital varlığa sahip olmak için blok zincire kayıtlı bir haktır. Bir benzeri olmayan, şifrelenmiş dijital varlıklar olan NFT’ler temsil ettikleri dijital varlıkların menşeini/kaynağını koruyarak, önceki sistemlere göre daha kolay ticaretinin yapılmasına, değiş tokuş edilmesine, kimliğinin doğrulanmasına ve transfer edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadırlar. Sanat, koleksiyonerlik, oyun gibi alanlarda görülen NFT uygulamaları yaratıcı içerik üreticilerinin olduğu kadar şirketlerin ve markaların da ilgisini çekmektedir. 2021 yılında hızlı büyüme gösteren NFT pazarı lüks tüketim markalarının yeni tüketici kitlelerine ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Günlük tüketim markaları da genç tüketiciler ile bağ kurmada ve sosyal sorumluluk kampanyalarına dikkat çekmede NFT uygulamalarını kullanmaktadırlar. Farklı tüketim deneyimleri yaratma, tüketicileri dijital topluluklarda buluşturma yoluyla da NFT’ler tüketiciler ve işletmeler için değer yaratabilme potansiyeline sahiptir.
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Pfeiffer, Alexander, Natalie Denk, Thomas Wernbacher, Stephen Bezzina, Vince Vella, and Alexiei Dingli. "Two novel use-cases for non-fungible tokens (NFTs)." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 21, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.141.
Full textAbstract:
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTa) can either represent an original digital artwork, or act as a digital reference to the actual work. In both as digital references to the actual work. In both cases the record in the distributed ledger, mostly a blockchain-based database, intends to serve as a proof of ownership or transfer of rights. NFTs might also add a further purpose, which in blockchain terms is referred to as “a utility", such as access to special websites, chats or clubs in emerging metaverse platforms. This use-case paper presents a first introduction of two early stage demonstrators, set outside the common use of art images or images of historical events as NFTs. The first case shows how educational credentials can be created, in which different teachers contribute to assessment achievements. We elaborate how these partial achievements are verified separately within the actual credentials. In the second case study, we build on previous research in regard to NFTs in the music industry and show the combination of physical vinyl record special editions, in our case vinyls signed by the band, and the ownership certificate as NFT. For both demonstrators we used, in different settings, the crypto art platform NFTmagic and the blockchain-token wallet Sigbro. We developed and tested the results within the setting of a roleplay as a group and show how blockchain technologies and especially NFTs can be made useful in new ways, inspired by the ongoing process of discovering risks and opportunities in ‘crypto art’, thus initiating discussion on the topic and effectively bridging the cybersecurity and (digital) art communities.