Journal articles: 'Non-Fractured'

1

Kolditz, Olaf. "Non‐linear flow in fractured rock." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 11, no. 6 (September 2001): 547–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005668.

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Sedaghat, Mohammad Hossein, Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari, and Mohsen Masihi. "Simultaneous/sequential alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding in fractured/non-fractured carbonate reservoirs." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 92, no. 5 (March 25, 2014): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21984.

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Deventer, Niklas, Nils Deventer, Georg Gosheger, Marieke de Vaal, Tymoteusz Budny, Timo Luebben, Adrien Frommer, and Bjoern Vogt. "Evaluation of different treatment modalities for fractured and non-fractured simple bone cyst." Medicine 100, no. 31 (August 6, 2021): e26703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000026703.

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Nayak, Lopamudra, Susmita Senapati, Sitanshu Kumar Panda, and Prafulla Kumar Chinara. "Morphometric study of proximal femur in fractured and non-fractured post menopausal women." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16761.

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Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hip fracture using proximal femoral morphometry in fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 138 postmenopausal women (49 fractured and 89 nonfractured). The hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), acetabular width (AW), femoral head width (FHW), femoral shaft width (FSW), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were measured in all cases by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) with all the parameters in fractured and control groups.Results: The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 61.24±3.23, 163.94±7.84 cm, 71.88±9.14 kg, and 26.72±2.78 kg/m², respectively, in fractured patients. In nonfractured patients the values were 59.73±5.32, 161.73±4.25 cm, 69.54±6.25 kg, and 26.74±2.23 kg/m² respectively. The mean HAL, FNAL, AW, FHW, FSW, and FNSA were 130.5±3.18 mm, 111.26±3.64 mm, 18.2±1.91 mm, 53.46±1.51 mm, 37.45±1.82 mm, and 132.76±3.15 degree incase group and 130.84±4.74 mm, 112.48±4.08 mm, 17.57±2.32 mm, 53.4±1.86 mm, 35.29±1.82 mm, and 128.76±3.6° in control group, respectively.Conclusion: The femoral parameters such as HAL, FNAL, AW, and FHW do not indicate any correlation between fractured and control groups, whereas FSW and FNSA were significantly higher in case group. The FNSA was having significant negative correlation with BMI in fractured group while that was having a significant positive correlation in the nonfractured group. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.Keywords: Proximal femur, Morphometry, Postmenopausal, Fracture.

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Hagoort, Jacques. "Non-Darcy Flow Near Hydraulically Fractured Wells." SPE Journal 9, no. 02 (June 1, 2004): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/80419-pa.

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Naraynsingh, V., D. Dan, R. Maharaj, and S. Hariharan. "Non-Degloving Simple Repair of Fractured Penis." Urologia Internationalis 87, no. 4 (2011): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000330266.

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Anwar, R., and J. E. Nicholl. "Non union of a fractured os trigonum." Injury Extra 36, no. 7 (July 2005): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2004.11.034.

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Tsai, Kuen-Horng, Guan-Liang Chang, and Ruey-Mo Lin. "Differences in mechanical response between fractured and non-fractured spines under high-speed impact." Clinical Biomechanics 12, no. 7-8 (October 1997): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-0033(97)00022-3.

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Azizi, Haleh, and Hassan Reza. "Data mining based investigation of the impact of imbalanced dataset over fractured zone detection." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 10, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31604.

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Several studies have been conducted in recent years to discriminate between fractured (FZs) and non-fractured zones (NFZs) in oil wells. These studies have applied data mining techniques to petrophysical logs (PLs) with generally valuable results; however, identifying fractured and non-fractured zones is difficult because imbalanced data is not treated as balanced data during analysis. We studied the importance of using balanced data to detect fractured zones using PLs. We used Random-Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers on eight oil wells drilled into a fractured carbonite reservoir to study PLs with imbalanced and balanced datasets, then validated our results with image logs. A significant difference between accuracy and precision indicates imbalanced data with fractured zones categorized as the minor class. The results indicated that the accuracy of imbalanced and balanced datasets is similar, but precision is significantly improved by balancing, regardless of how low or high the calculated indices might be.

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Fomin, Sergei A., Vladimir A. Chugunov, and Toshiyuki Hashida. "Non-Fickian mass transport in fractured porous media." Advances in Water Resources 34, no. 2 (February 2011): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.11.002.

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Leo, C. J., and J. R. Booker. "A boundary element method for analysis of contaminant transport in fractured and non-fractured porous media." Computers and Geotechnics 23, no. 3 (October 1998): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-352x(98)00020-2.

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Zapata, E., F. Rongieras, J. B. Pialat, H. Follet, and D. Mitton. "An ex vivo experiment to reproduce a forward fall leading to fractured and non-fractured radii." Journal of Biomechanics 63 (October 2017): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.013.

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Su, Hui, Leng Chen, and Zhenqi Yan. "Random and non-random fractal analyses of fractured surfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 26, no. 2 (February 14, 1993): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/26/2/006.

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Cherubini, C., C. I. Giasi, and N. Pastore. "Bench scale laboratory tests to analyze non-linear flow in fractured media." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 6, 2012): 2511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2511-2012.

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Abstract. The knowledge of flow phenomena in fractured rocks is very important for groundwater resources management in hydrogeological engineering. A critical emerging issue for fractured aquifers is the validity of the Darcian-type "local cubic law", which assumes a linear relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient to accurately describe flow patterns. Experimental data obtained under controlled conditions such as in a laboratory increase our understanding of the fundamental physics of fracture flow and allow us to investigate the presence of non-linear flow inside fractures that generates a substantial deviation from Darcy's law. In this study the presence of non-linear flow in a fractured rock formation has been analyzed at bench scale in laboratory tests. The effects of non-linearity in flow have been investigated by analyzing hydraulic tests on an artificially created fractured rock sample of parallelepiped (0.60 × 0.40 × 0.8 m) shape. The volumes of water passing through different paths across the fractured sample for various hydraulic head differences have been measured, and the results of the experiments have been reported as specific flow rate vs. head gradient. The experimental results closely match the Forchheimer equation and describe a strong inertial regime. The results of the test have been interpreted by means of numerical simulations. For each pair of ports, several steady-state simulations have been carried out varying the hydraulic head difference between the inlet and outlet ports. The estimated linear and non-linear Forchheimer coefficients have been correlated to each other and respectively to the tortuosity of the flow paths. A correlation among the linear and non-linear Forchheimer coefficients is evident. Moreover, a tortuosity factor that influences flow dynamics has been determined.

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Cherubini, C., C. I. Giasi, and N. Pastore. "Bench scale laboratory tests to analyze non-linear flow in fractured media." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2012): 5575–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-5575-2012.

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Abstract. The knowledge of flow phenomena in fractured rocks is very important for groundwater resources management in hydrogeologic engineering. A critical emerging issue for fractured aquifers is the validity of the Darcian-type "local cubic law" which assumes a linear relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient to accurately describe flow patterns. Experimental data obtained under controlled conditions such as in a laboratory allow to increase the understanding of the fundamental physics of fracture flow and to investigate the presence of non linear flow inside the fractures which brings to substantial deviation from Darcy's law. In this study the presence of non linear flow in a fractured rock formation has been analyzed at bench scale in laboratory tests. The effects of non linearity in flow have been investigated by analyzing hydraulic tests on artificially created fractured rock samples of parallelepiped (0.60 × 0.40 × 0.8 m) shape. The volumes of water passing through different paths across the fractured sample for various hydraulic head differences have been measured, and the results of the experiments have been reported as flow rate/specific discharge vs. head gradient. The experimental results closely match the Forchheimer equation and describe a strong inertial regime. Successively the results of the test have been interpreted by means of numerical simulations. For each pair of ports several steady-state simulations have been carried out varying the hydraulic head difference between inlet and outlet ports. The estimated linear and non linear Forchheimer coefficients have been correlated to each other and, respectively to the tortuosity of the flow paths. A correlation among the linear and non linear Forchheimer coefficients is evident. Moreover, a tortuosity factor has been determined that influences flow dynamics.

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Cheng, JianChao, YanLin Zhao, Yang Li, Tao Tan, and Le Chang. "Transient Pulse Test for Non-Darcy Flow Behaviors and Hydromechanical Coupling Effect of Fractured Limestone." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813396.

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In this paper, the transient pulse test is used to study the permeability and hydromechanical coupling effect of the fractured limestone. The permeability parameters (permeability, β factor of non-Darcy flow, and acceleration coefficient) of non-Darcy flow in fractured limestone are obtained by experimental data. The experimental results show that, in the process of transient seepage test of fractured Maokou limestone, the relationship between hydraulic pressure gradient and seepage velocity does not conform to Darcy’s law but meets Forchimer relationship. The relationship between hydraulic pressure difference and time can be fitted by quartic polynomial. The larger the confining pressure is, the more obvious the non-Darcy seepage effect of fractured rock seepage is. The seepage of rock fracture under high confining pressure is a highly nonlinear time-varying seepage. The permeability coefficient of rock decreases with the increase of volume stress. Under the action of low volume stress, the relationship between permeability coefficient and stress is more sensitive, while under the action of high volume stress, the relationship between permeability coefficient and volume stress is not significant. In the process of volume stress increasing, the β factor of non-Darcy flow appears negative. Under the action of low volume stress, the acceleration coefficient and β factor of non-Darcy flow increase, while under the action of high volume stress, the acceleration coefficient and β factor of non-Darcy flow decrease.

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KOPYLOV, P., O. JOHNELL, I. REDLUND-JOHNELL, and U. BENGNER. "Fractures of the Distal End of the Radius in Young Adults: A 30-Year Follow-Up." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 1 (February 1993): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90195-l.

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76 patients were examined clinically and radiologically 27 to 36 years after a fracture of the distal radius. The average age was 31 years at the time of injury and 63 years at follow-up. In 81% of the patients there was no difference between the fractured and the non-fractured side. No patient had to change his or her occupation or leisure activities because of the fracture. There were more degenerative changes in the fractured wrist than in the non-injured side. A statistically significant correlation was found between axial compression and the presence of degenerative changes in the radio-carpal and distal radio-ulnar joints. Treatment of the fracture of the distal end of the radius in the young adult should aim to conserve the length of the radius. However, after 30 years, complaints are few and correlate with degenerative changes in the radio-carpal joint only. 47 patients with articular fractures of the distal end of the radius were examined in the same way. The average age at the time of injury was 32 years and 58% of the patients were men. In 87% of the patients there was no difference between the fractured and the non-fractured side. However 37% had minor complaints. A higher proportion of patients with articular fractures developed degenerative changes than those with non-articular fractures. The existence of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis is directly related to axial compression and the persistant incongruity, after reposition, in either the radio-carpal or the distal radio-ulnar joints.

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Ross, Tonya, Hamid Rahnema, and Babak Shabani. "Performance prediction of different recovery mechanisms during steam injection in non-fractured and naturally fractured light oil reservoirs." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 24, no. 3 (2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2020.10028645.

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Ross, Tonya, Babak Shabani, and Hamid Rahnema. "Performance prediction of different recovery mechanisms during steam injection in non-fractured and naturally fractured light oil reservoirs." International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology 24, no. 3 (2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijogct.2020.107549.

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Raghavan, Rajagopal, and Chih Chen. "Fractured-Injection-Well Performance Under Non-Newtonian, Power-Law Fluids." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 21, no. 02 (May 1, 2018): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187955-pa.

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Saboorian-Jooybari, Hadi, and Peyman Pourafshary. "Significance of non-Darcy flow effect in fractured tight reservoirs." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 24 (May 2015): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.03.003.

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Yang, J. P., W. Z. Chen, D. S. Yang, and H. M. Tian. "Estimation of Elastic Moduli of Non-persistent Fractured Rock Masses." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49, no. 5 (August 8, 2015): 1977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0806-y.

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Cherubini, C., C. I. Giasi, and N. Pastore. "Evidence of non-Darcy flow and non-Fickian transport in fractured media at laboratory scale." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2013): 221–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-221-2013.

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Abstract. Accurate predictions of solute propagation in fractured rocks are of particular importance when assessing exposure pathways through which contaminants reach receptors during a risk assessment procedure, as well as when dealing with cleanup and monitoring strategies. The difficulty in modeling fractured media leads to the application of simplified analytical solutions that fail to reproduce flow and transport patterns in such complex geological formations. A way for understanding and quantifying the migration of contaminants in groundwater systems is that of analyzing tracer transport. Experimental data obtained under controlled conditions such as in a laboratory allow to increase the understanding of the fundamental physics of fluid flow and solute transport in fractures. In this study laboratory hydraulic and tracer tests have been carried out on an artificially created fractured rock sample. The tests regard the analysis of the hydraulic loss and the measurement of breakthrough curves for saline tracer pulse inside a rock sample of parallelepiped (0.60 × 0.40 × 0.8 m) shape. The effect of the experimental apparatus on flow and transport tests has been estimated. In particular the convolution theory has been applied in order to remove the effect of acquisition apparatus on tracer experiment. The experimental results have shown evidence of a non-Darcy relationship between flow rate and hydraulic loss that is best described by Forchheimer's law. The observed experimental breakthrough curves of solute transport have been modeled by the classical one-dimensional analytical solution for advection–dispersion equation (ADE) and the single rate mobile–immobile model (MIM). The former model does not fit properly the first arrival and the tail while the latter provides a very decent fit.

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Qin, Peixin, and Jingyan Liu. "Modeling sulfur plugging of fractured wells under non-Darcy and non-equilibrium sulfur deposition." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 14, no. 3 (April 27, 2017): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2140/aa6123.

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Pereira, Carlos A., Hossein Kazemi, and Erdal Ozkan. "Combined Effect of Non-Darcy Flow and Formation Damage on Gas Well Performance of Dual-Porosity and Dual-Permeability Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 9, no. 05 (October 1, 2006): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/90623-pa.

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Summary This paper addresses the combined effect of formation damage and non-Darcy flow in naturally fractured reservoirs using simplified analytical solutions and a 2D numerical simulator. Pressure drawdown, buildup, and isochronal tests simulated in this work indicate that, despite high fracture permeability, skin damage may accentuate the non-Darcy flow effect and drastically influence pressure-transient characteristics of low-pressure, naturally fractured reservoirs. In high-pressure reservoirs, this effect is significant only at high rates. Non-Darcy flow does not usually mask the typical pressure-transient characteristics of dual-porosity and dual-permeability reservoirs, but the conventional interpretation of the early-time data may lead to erroneous results. If the exponent, n, of the isochronal tests approaches 0.5 while the matrix permeability is low and flow rate is rather high, this would indicate the predominance of fracture flow. Under these conditions, small contributions from skin damage may greatly reduce gas-well performance in naturally fractured reservoirs. Introduction High velocity flow through porous media and fractures causes a higher pressure drop than predicted by the Darcy equation. This phenomenon, generally referred to as non-Darcy flow, was first described by Forchheimer (1901). Since then, it has been well established that the main variables that affect non-Darcy flow are the velocity, density, and saturation of the fluid and the permeability and porosity of the reservoir. Reservoir properties may be correlated to a single parameter, known as the non-Darcy flow coefficient, beta. Very little is known about the effect of other parameters, such as physical skin damage, on non-Darcy flow and their consequences in well performance. In fact, a recent literature review on non-Darcy flow by Li and Engler (2001a) indicates that most of the work has been focused on finding an accurate correlation for the non-Darcy flow coefficient, beta. There is also the issue of non-Darcy flow in dual-porosity and dual-permeability reservoirs, where high local velocities are prominent in the fractures. This paper pertains specifically to this issue. In general, the lower the formation permeability, the greater the non-Darcy pressure gradient. Formation damage in the near-wellbore region causes a drastic reduction in formation permeability, which potentially could be even more prominent in naturally fractured reservoirs. Thus, a greater non-Darcy flow effect could result in the wellbore region of a dual-porosity reservoir. The literature explaining the combined effect of physical damage and non-Darcy flow in single-porosity reservoirs is abundant (Berumen-C. et al. 1989; Camacho-V. et al. 1993; Fligelman et al. 1981); however, there is little information about such effects in dual-porosity and dual-permeability reservoirs. A finite-difference, 2D simulator in cylindrical coordinates was constructed to simulate pressure-drawdown and -buildup tests. By analyzing the simulated pressure drawdown and buildup tests, it was possible to decipher the combined effect of the skin damage and non-Darcy flow in fractured reservoirs. Both dual-porosity and dual-permeability idealizations of fractured reservoirs were considered.

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Tabzar, Amir, and Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari. "Monitoring of microscopic behavior of nano-enhanced colloidal gas aphron in fractured and un-fractured non-uniform porous medium." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 210 (March 2022): 110073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.110073.

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Zhang, Rui-Han, Lie-Hui Zhang, Rui-He Wang, Yu-Long Zhao, and Rui Huang. "Simulation of a multistage fractured horizontal well in a water-bearing tight fractured gas reservoir under non-Darcy flow." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 15, no. 3 (March 7, 2018): 877–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2140/aaa5ce.

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Zekri, Abdulrazag Y., Benny A. Harahap, Hazim H. Al-Attar, and Essa G. Lwisa. "Effectiveness of oil displacement by sequential low-salinity waterflooding in low-permeability fractured and non-fractured chalky limestone cores." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-018-0478-8.

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Kok Foong, Loke, Ramli Nazir, Radzuan Sa’ari, Erwan Hafizi Kasiman, Noraliani Alias, and Mushairry Mustaffar. "Experimental study on aqueous phase liquids migration in double-porosity soil under non-isothermal effect using digital image analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825001002.

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Aqueous phase liquid (APLs) leakage and spillage into the subsurface system, leading to groundwater contamination is an issue that needs to be addressed. This paper aims to investigate the APLs migration characteristics in fractured non-isothermal double-porosity soil. A laboratory experiment was conducted to observe and monitor the characteristics of the soil structure and APLs migration in heated deformable double-porosity soil using digital image processing technique. The results show rapid liquid migration for the fractured soil samples. The time taken for the liquid to migrate under the application of heat is less for sample with low moisture content due to faster dry off and rapid evaporation. It can be concluded that APLs migration under vibration and non-isothermal effect is highly influenced by the soil sample structure, the soil fractured pattern, the soil water content, and the applied heat in the soil.

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Münch, Matthias, Tobias Barth, Annika Studt, Julius Dehoust, Klaus Seide, Maximilian Hartel, and Karl-Heinz Frosch. "Stresses and deformations of an osteosynthesis plate in a lateral tibia plateau fracture." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 67, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2021-0166.

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Abstract This study has the aim to investigate the strain and stress in an anterolateral locking plate applied for the fixation of a lateral split fracture. To simulate a complex fracture situation, three segments were separated. With a FEM analysis, representative places for strain and stress measurement were determined. A locked osteosynthesis plate was instrumented with strain gauges and tested on a fractured and a non-fractured Saw Bone model. To simulate different loading situations, four different points of force application, from the center of the condyles to a 15 mm posterior position, were used with a medial-lateral load distribution of 60:40. The simulations as well as the biomechanical tests demonstrated that two deformations dominate the load on the plate: a bending into posterior direction and a bulging of the plate head. Shifting the point of application to the posterior direction resulted in increasing maximum stress, from 1.16 to 6.32 MPa (FEM analysis) and from 3.04 to 7.00 MPa (biomechanical study), respectively. Furthermore, the comparison of the non-fractured and fractured models showed an increase in maximum stress by the factor 2.06–2.2 (biomechanical investigation) and 1.5–3.3 (FEM analysis), respectively.

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Wang, Yueying, Jun Yao, Shuaishi Fu, Aimin Lv, Zhixue Sun, and Kelvin Bongole. "Simulation of counter-current imbibition in water-wet fractured reservoirs based on discrete-fracture model." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (August 3, 2017): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0061.

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AbstractIsolated fractures usually exist in fractured media systems, where the capillary pressure in the fracture is lower than that of the matrix, causing the discrepancy in oil recoveries between fractured and non-fractured porous media. Experiments, analytical solutions and conventional simulation methods based on the continuum model approach are incompetent or insufficient in describing media containing isolated fractures. In this paper, the simulation of the counter-current imbibition in fractured media is based on the discrete-fracture model (DFM). The interlocking or arrangement of matrix and fracture system within the model resembles the traditional discrete fracture network model and the hybrid-mixed-finite-element method is employed to solve the associated equations. The Behbahani experimental data validates our simulation solution for consistency. The simulation results of the fractured media show that the isolated-fractures affect the imbibition in the matrix block. Moreover, the isolated fracture parameters such as fracture length and fracture location influence the trend of the recovery curves. Thus, the counter-current imbibition behavior of media with isolated fractures can be predicted using this method based on the discrete-fracture model.

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Owusu, Richard, Adu Sakyi, Peter Amoako-Yirenkyi, and Isaac Kwame Dontwi. "A New Multicontinuum Model for Advection-Diffusion Process of Single-Phase Nonlinear Flow in a Multiscale Fractured Porous Media." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5731988.

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Fractured porous media modeling and simulation has seen significant development in the past decade but still pose a great challenge and difficulty due to the multiscale nature of fractures, domain heterogeneity, and the nonlinear flow fields due to the high flow velocity and permeability resulting from the presence of fractures. Therefore, modeling fluid transport that is influenced by both advection and diffusion in fractured porous media studies becomes a generic problem, which this study seeks to address. In this paper, we present a study on non-Darcian fluid transport in multiscale naturally fractured reservoirs via an upscaling technique. An averaged macroscopic equation representing pressure distribution in a three-phase multiscale fractured porous medium was developed, consisting of the matrix and a 2-scale fractured network of length-scales ℓ m and ℓ M . The resulting macroscopic model has cross-advective and diffusive terms that account for induced fluxes between the interacting domains, as well as a mass transfer function that is dependent on both physical and geometric properties of the domain, with both advective and diffusive properties. This model also has effective diffusive and advective coefficients that account for reservoir properties such as viscosity, fluid density, and flow velocity. From the numerical simulation, a radial, a horizontal-linear flow behavior, and a transient and quasi-steady-state flow regime that is typical of naturally fractured porous media was observed. The findings of this study will provide researchers a reliable tool to study fractured porous media and can also help for better understanding of the dynamics of flow in fractured reservoirs.

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MALIK, SAMEER AHMAD, CHANDRASHEKHAR HALLOLI, and S. VANDANA. "NON-SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURED ORTHODONTIC MINI- IMPLANT- A CASE REPORT." Indian Journal of Scientific Research 9, no. 2 (2019): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32606/ijsr.v9.i2.00020.

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Mahdiyar, H., M. Jamiolahmady, and M. Sohrabi. "Improved Darcy and non-Darcy flow formulations around hydraulically fractured wells." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 78, no. 1 (July 2011): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2011.05.013.

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Sommariva, Roberto, Robert S. Blake, Robert J. Cuss, Rebecca L. Cordell, Jon F. Harrington, Iain R. White, and Paul S. Monks. "Observations of the Release of Non-methane Hydrocarbons from Fractured Shale." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 15 (July 14, 2014): 8891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es502508w.

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Petrella, Emma, Gino Naclerio, Antonio Falasca, Antonio Bucci, Paolo Capuano, Vincenzo De Felice, and Fulvio Celico. "Non-permanent shallow halocline in a fractured carbonate aquifer, southern Italy." Journal of Hydrology 373, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.033.

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Ma, Lingyue, Roberto Dugnani, and Anthony Moulins. "Non-Linearity of the Mirror Constant for Glasses Fractured in Flexure." Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) 23, no. 1 (February 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12204-018-1924-y.

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Chung, Eric T., Yalchin Efendiev, Wing Tat Leung, Maria Vasilyeva, and Yating Wang. "Non-local multi-continua upscaling for flows in heterogeneous fractured media." Journal of Computational Physics 372 (November 2018): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.05.038.

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Kohl, T., K. F. Evans, R. J. Hopkirk, R. Jung, and L. Rybach. "Observation and simulation of non-Darcian flow transients in fractured rock." Water Resources Research 33, no. 3 (March 1997): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96wr03495.

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Şen, Zekâİ. "Non-Darcian flow in fractured rocks with a linear flow pattern." Journal of Hydrology 92, no. 1-2 (June 1987): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90088-6.

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Gelet, Rachel, Benjamin Loret, and Nasser Khalili. "Thermal recovery from a fractured medium in local thermal non-equilibrium." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 37, no. 15 (November 15, 2012): 2471–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.2145.

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Cherubini, C., C. I. Giasi, and N. Pastore. "Evidence of non-Darcy flow and non-Fickian transport in fractured media at laboratory scale." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 9, 2013): 2599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2599-2013.

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Abstract. During a risk assessment procedure as well as when dealing with cleanup and monitoring strategies, accurate predictions of solute propagation in fractured rocks are of particular importance when assessing exposure pathways through which contaminants reach receptors. Experimental data obtained under controlled conditions such as in a laboratory allow to increase the understanding of the fundamental physics of fluid flow and solute transport in fractures. In this study, laboratory hydraulic and tracer tests have been carried out on an artificially created fractured rock sample. The tests regard the analysis of the hydraulic loss and the measurement of breakthrough curves for saline tracer pulse inside a rock sample of parallelepiped shape (0.60 × 0.40 × 0.08 m). The convolution theory has been applied in order to remove the effect of the acquisition apparatus on tracer experiments. The experimental results have shown evidence of a non-Darcy relationship between flow rate and hydraulic loss that is best described by Forchheimer's law. Furthermore, in the flow experiments both inertial and viscous flow terms are not negligible. The observed experimental breakthrough curves of solute transport have been modeled by the classical one-dimensional analytical solution for the advection–dispersion equation (ADE) and the single rate mobile–immobile model (MIM). The former model does not properly fit the first arrival and the tail while the latter, which recognizes the existence of mobile and immobile domains for transport, provides a very decent fit. The carried out experiments show that there exists a pronounced mobile–immobile zone interaction that cannot be neglected and that leads to a non-equilibrium behavior of solute transport. The existence of a non-Darcian flow regime has showed to influence the velocity field in that it gives rise to a delay in solute migration with respect to the predicted value assuming linear flow. Furthermore, the presence of inertial effects enhance non-equilibrium behavior. Instead, the presence of a transitional flow regime seems not to exert influence on the behavior of dispersion. The linear-type relationship found between velocity and dispersion demonstrates that for the range of imposed flow rates and for the selected path the geometrical dispersion dominates the mixing processes along the fracture network.

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Pascal, H. "On non-linear effects in unsteady flows of non-newtonian fluids through fractured porous media." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 26, no. 5 (January 1991): 487–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(91)90004-d.

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Evans, R. D., and S. D. L. Lekia. "A Reservoir Simulation Study of Naturally Fractured Lenticular Tight Gas Sand Reservoirs." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905763.

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The results of parametric studies of two naturally fractured lenticular tight gas reservoirs, Fluvial E-1 and Puludal Zones 3 and 4, of the U.S. Department of Energy Multi-Well Experiment (MWX) site of Northwestern Colorado are presented and discussed. The three-dimensional, two-phase, black oil reservoir simulator that was developed in a previous phase of this research program is also discussed and the capabilities further explored by applying it to several example problems. The simulation studies lead to the conclusion that 1) at early times the reservoir performance does not depend on lenticularity; 2) the initial reservoir performance does not depend on natural fracture concentration, although at later times the performance predictions of systems with lower natural fracture concentrations begin to fall below the ones with higher concentrations; 3) porosity change with time and pressure leads to double performance prediction reversals when comparing gas flow rates and cumulative gas production from naturally fractured and non-naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs; 4) the assumption of zero capillary pressure in the fractures can lead to erroneous predictions in the simulation of naturally fractured tight gas reservoir performance; and 5) the simulator developed in a prior phase of this project is capable of handling a reservoir block that is blanket sand, lenticular, completely fractured, partially fractured or completely unfractured and is amenable to an anisotropic heterogeneous reservoir whether the reservoir is fractured or not.

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Devireddy, Sathya Kumar, R. V. Kishore Kumar, Rajasekhar Gali, Sridhar Reddy Kanubaddy, Mallikarjuna Rao Dasari, and Mannava Siddhartha. "Three-dimensional assessment of unilateral subcondylar fracture using computed tomography after open reduction." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 02 (May 2014): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.138945.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional anatomical reductions achieved by open method of treatment in cases of displaced unilateral mandibular subcondylar fractures using preoperative (pre op) and postoperative (post op) computed tomography (CT) scans. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 10 patients with unilateral sub condylar fractures confirmed by an orthopantomogram were included. A pre op and post op CT after 1 week of surgical procedure was taken in axial, coronal and sagittal plane along with three-dimensional reconstruction. Standard anatomical parameters, which undergo changes due to fractures of the mandibular condyle were measured in pre and post op CT scans in three planes and statistically analysed for the accuracy of the reduction comparing the following variables: (a) Pre op fractured and nonfractured side (b) post op fractured and nonfractured side (c) pre op fractured and post op fractured side. P <; 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Three-dimensional anatomical reduction was possible in 9 out of 10 cases (90%). The statistical analysis of each parameter in three variables revealed (P <; 0.05) that there was a gross change in the dimensions of the parameters obtained in pre op fractured and nonfractured side. When these parameters were assessed in post op CT for the three variables there was no statistical difference between the post op fractured side and non fractured side. The same parameters were analysed for the three variables in pre op fractured and post op fractured side and found significant statistical difference suggesting a considerable change in the dimensions of the fractured side post operatively. Conclusion: The statistical and clinical results in our study emphasised that it is possible to fix the condyle in three-dimensional anatomical positions with open method of treatment and avoid post op degenerative joint changes. CT is the ideal imaging tool and should be used on a regular basis for cases of condylar fractures.

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Chiu, Wing, Benjamin Vien, Matthias Russ, and Mark Fitzgerald. "Towards a Non-Invasive Technique for Healing Assessment of Internally Fixated Femur." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040857.

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The lack of a quantitative method to adequately assess fractured bone healing that has undergone fixation limits prognostic capabilities on patients’ optimal return to work. This paper addresses the use of vibrational analysis to monitor the state of healing of a plate-screw fixated femur and supplement the current clinical radiographic assessment. This experimental study involves an osteotomised composite femur specimen enclosed by modelling clay to simulate the damping effect of overlying soft tissues. Epoxy adhesives are applied to the fractured region and to simulate the healing process. With the instrumentation described, the cross-spectrum and coherence are obtained and analysed in the frequency domain over a period of time. The results suggest that it is crucial to analyse the cross-spectrum and proposed healing index to quantitatively assess the stages of healing. The results also show that the mass loading effect due to modelling clay did not influence the proposed healing assessment technique. The findings indicate a potential non-intrusive technique to evaluate the healing of fractured femur by utilising the vibrational responses.

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Rezk, Mohamed Gamal, and A. A. Abdelwaly. "Estimation of characteristics of naturally fractured reservoirs by pressure transient analysis." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2016-0110.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the pressure behavior in dual porosity reservoirs using different techniques in an attempt to correctly characterize reservoir properties. Pressure transient tests in naturally fractured reservoirs often exhibit non-uniform responses. Design/methodology/approach The pressure transient tests in naturally fractured reservoirs were analyzed using conventional semi-log analysis, type curve matching (using commercial software) and Tiab’s direct synthesis (TDS) technique. In addition, the TDS method was applied in case of a naturally fractured formation with a vertical hydraulic fracture. These techniques were applied to a single-layer, naturally fractured reservoir under pseudosteady state matrix flow. By studying the unique characteristics of the different flow regimes appear on the pressure and pressure derivative curves, various reservoir characteristics can be obtained such as permeability, skin factor and fracture properties. Findings For naturally fractured reservoirs, a comparison between the results semi-log analysis, software matching and TDS method is presented. In case of wellbore storage, early time flow regime can be obscured that lead to incomplete semi-log analysis. Furthermore, the type curve matching usually gives a non-uniqueness solution, as it needs all the flow regimes to be observed. However, the direct synthesis method used analytical equation to calculate reservoir and well parameters without type curve matching. For naturally fractured reservoirs with a vertical fracture, the pressure behavior of wells crossed by a uniform flux and infinite conductivity fracture is analyzed using TDS technique. The different flow regimes on the pressure derivative curve were used to calculate the fracture half-length in addition to other reservoir properties. Originality/value The results of different field cases showed that TDS technique offers several advantages compared to semi-log analysis and type curve matching. It can be used even if some flow regimes are not observed. Direct synthesis results are accurate compared to the available core data and the software matching results. It can be used to confirm the software matching results and to give reliable reservoir characteristics when there is lack of data.

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Gao, Ying, Wei Yao Zhu, Ming Yue, Ai Shan Li, and Shou Ma. "The Non-Darcy Flow Mathematic Model with Fluid-Solid Coupled of Fractured Vertical Well Pattern in Thin Inter-Bedded Reservoirs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1535.

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Thin inter-bedded low permeability reservoir is sand layer alternating with mud layer and seriously longitudinal heterogeneous. Fluid flowing in this reservoir presents non-linear seepage characteristics. The dynamic models of porosity and permeability were deduced by the concept of bulk strain. Based on flow field partition principle, oil flow field of overall fractured cross-row well pattern could be divided into four units. Each unit could be divided into three regions with different flow mechanisms. Considering non-Darcy flow and fluid-solid coupled, a mathematical model was established for overall-fractured well pattern in thin inter-bedded reservoirs. The results show that production of well pattern with fluid-solid coupled effect is less than that without. Production of thin inter-bedded reservoir grows with the increase of the ratio of net pay thickness to gross thickness (NTG). With increasing semi-length of hydraulic fracture, production of overall fractured well pattern increases with decreasing increment. The more starting pressure gradient, the smaller production of well pattern in thin inter-bedded low permeability. When the starting pressure gradient exceeds 0.01MPa/m, it influences the production remarkably.

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Al-Busaidi, Rashid. "The Use of Borehole Imaging Logs to Optimize Horizontal Well Completions in Fractured Water-flooded Carbonate Reservoirs." GeoArabia 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia020119.

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ABSTRACT Early water breakthrough has occurred in the Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs (Aptian Shu’aiba Formation) in Yibal and Lekhwair fields, north Oman. Borehole Image logs were run in more than 10 horizontal wells in each field to investigate the role of faults and fracture systems, as well as facies variations and sedimentary features. These logs indicated the presence of highly-fractured zones with both open and cemented fractures. The fractures have orientations consistent with fault patterns interpreted from 3-D seismic data. High density fractured zones, in most cases, correspond to faults, some of which are below seismic resolution. The presence of fractures and/or fracture zones is the primary cause of early water breakthrough. Improved production performance was achieved by perforating non-fractured intervals to avoid early high water cuts.

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Yuwei, Jiao, Xia Jing, Yan Jianye, and Xu Daicai. "Optimal Designs of Well Pattern for the Development of Tight Gas Reservoirs (TGRs)." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 9, no. 1 (October 31, 2016): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01609010077.

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Both horizontal well and fractured-horizontal well have been widely used to develop TGRs. However, the costs of horizontal well and fractured-horizontal well are much higher than the vertical well. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the reservoir conditions for evaluating the potential benefit when choosing well pattern or designing well parameters. In this paper, a simulator of simulating the development of TGRs including slippage flow and stress dependence in matrix, and high-velocity non-Darcy flow and stress effect in hydraulic fractures was firstly developed. Then, it was used to study the development effects of different TGRs using different well patterns and well parameters. Based on the simulation results, the incremental ratio models of horizontal well to vertical well and fractured-horizontal well to horizontal well were achieved. These models can be used to predict the incremental production using horizontal well or fractured-horizontal well. We also obtained the plates of choosing well pattern and designing the corresponding parameters to achieve a good profit in the field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Fractured'

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