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1
Koptur, Deniz Ulis. "HOW DO NON-IMMIGRANT ESL STUDENTS EXPERIENCE A COLLEGE-LEVEL ESL PROGRAM?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492105325524639.
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2
Hall, Ernest W. "Test/non-test variations in the composing behaviours of academic ESL writers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28231.
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Fluctuations in the quality of text produced by an individual writer from day to day have long been recognized, but variations in composing processes which may account for this have largely been overlooked as an area of study in the composition research both in English as a first language and in English as a second language.
While process tracing research has revealed great variation among individual writers and among types of writers, and in the quality of writing an individual may produce from time to time, fluctuation in writing behaviours has been ignored. By closely observing, through video techniques, six ESL writers who had demonstrated considerable inconsistency in the quality of their writing, this study examined differences in their behaviours as they wrote in two situations: one a practice essay composition test, and the other an actual English composition proficiency examination.
The subjects observed were selected because they had failed the examination at least twice before contrary to the predictions of their instructors. The researcher speculated that this inconsistency in their ability to perform was related to the heightened stress of the examination situation.
Between the situations, variations were observed in the complexity of the texts generated, in the allocation of time to various composing activities, in the writers' pausing behaviours, and in the type of alterations they made while inscribing. In addition, each of the six writers displayed a unique profile in approaching the writing tasks.
The findings of the study suggest that assessment and instructional practices need to address writing problems as distinct from language proficiency problems and that assessment and instruction practices need to attend to behaviours during the writing act while accounting for student writers who are unusually apprehensive about writing or who suffer from high levels of anxiety in test situations. The findings also reiterate the long-standing suspicion about the validity of assessing writing skill based on a single sample of a student's writing.Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
3
Lo, Yuen-fan Mandy. "Unknown words in non-instructional texts : ESL primary learners' strategy use and their perceptions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25754865.
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Zhang, Chao. "Associative priming of non-word dictation among young ESL learners with Chinese language backgrounds." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119733.
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The present study adopted Seymour and Dargie's design (1990) and examined the associative priming effect on English non-word spelling in young ESL learners with Chinese language backgrounds. Participants were either assigned to an unprimed non-word dictation condition or a primed condition where the non-word was preceded by a prime which is semantically associated to a word that rhymed with the target non-word. The orthographical choice of vowel pattern in the non-word dictation task for young ESL learners greatly depends on its contingency. The results in the present study indicated that the children with higher reading proficiency were more sensitive to high contingency vowel spelling patterns. The additive associative effect revealed in adult English speaking populations (Seymour & Dargie, 1990) was not evident in the current study with young ESL learners. This data adds to our understanding of contingency effects by extending research to ESL samples and aids in the development of the broader view of understanding the nature of mechanisms underlying sub-lexical spelling processes in L1 and L2 contexts. Some implications for the dual route model and linguistic transfer theory are discussed.La présente étude a adopté le modèle de Seymour et Dargie (1990) et a examiné l'effet d'une amorce associée à un non-mot anglais sur la capacité à orthographier celui-ci chez les jeunes chinois apprenants l'anglais comme langue seconde. Les participants ont été assignés à deux conditions distinctes. Les élèves ont été évalués à l'aide d'une dictée de non-mots dans la première condition tandis que les élèves dans la deuxième condition ont dû effectuer une dictée de non-mots où ceux-ci était précédés par un mot sémantiquement associé au non-mot et rimant avec celui-ci. Les résultats ont démontré que le choix orthographique des voyelles dans la tâche de dictée de non-mots pour les jeunes apprenants l'anglais comme langue seconde dépend grandement de la contingence de celle-ci. De plus, ceux-ci ont également indiqués que les enfants ayant une meilleure compétence en lecture seraient plus sensibles à l'orthographe de voyelles de haute contingence. Dans la présente étude œuvrant auprès de jeunes apprenants l'anglais comme langue seconde, l'effet « associatif additif » révélé dans les populations d'adultes anglophones de l'étude de Seymour et Dargie (1990) n'était pas prédominant. Ces données aident notre compréhension des effets contingence en étendant la recherche aux échantillons ALS et aident à l'élaboration de la vision plus large de la compréhension la nature des mécanismes qui sous-tendent les processus d'orthographes sous-lexicales en L1 et L2 contextes. Quelques implications pour le modèle à double entrée et pour la théorie du transfert linguistique seront abordées à l'intérieur de la discussion.
5
Torres, Julie West. "Speaking up! Adult ESL students' perceptions of native and non-native English speaking teachers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4681/.
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Research to date on the native versus non-native English speaker teacher (NEST versus non-NEST) debate has primarily focused on teacher self-perception and performance. A neglected, but essential, viewpoint on this issue comes from English as a second language (ESL) students themselves. This study investigated preferences of adults, specifically immigrant and refugee learners, for NESTs or non-NESTs. A 34-item, 5-point Likert attitudinal survey was given to 102 students (52 immigrants, 50 refugees) enrolled in ESL programs in a large metropolitan area in Texas . After responding to the survey, 32 students volunteered for group interviews to further explain their preferences. Results indicated that adult ESL students have a general preference for NESTs over non-NESTs, but have stronger preferences for NESTs in teaching specific skill areas such as pronunciation and writing. There was not a significant difference between immigrants' and refugees' general preferences for NESTs over non-NESTs based on immigration status.
6
Baskett, J. L., and Jo Baskett@canberra edu au. "An investigation into the factors contributing to success in university undergraduate computing courses." University of Canberra. Education, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050810.143403.
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This study investigated whether a predictive tool developed by authors in the United
States (Konvalina, Stephens and Wileman) could be used with University students in
Australia (in particular the Australian Capital Territory) to predict their success in first
year University computing courses. It also investigated the effect of demographic and past
academic factors in conjunction with, and instead of the predictive test.
The study examined differences in performance between male/female students, English as
a Second Language (ESL)/non-ESL students and full-time/part-time students.
It also examined the effect of all the above factors on the continuing success of students in
the course.
While significant differences in first-time performance were found between ESL and non-
ESL students, no differences were found between the other pairings.
No differences were found between any of the groups in the continuing success in the
course.
The KSW Test, while being an indicator of first year success, was not a strong enough
model to be able to be used as a predictive tool. The demographic and previous academic
data from students recently at High School, in particular, the Tertiary Entrance Score,
level of mathematics studied, and previous computing study, were found to be more useful
as an indicator of success in fust year, explaining 53% of the variation in h a 1 unit score.
In addition, 67% of the variation in continuing success in their course was also explained
by the Tertiary Entrance Score, ASAT verbal and ASAT quantitative scores.
7
Stasinopoulos, John. "A descriptive survey of the characteristics of adult ESL non-academic literacy programs in Franklin County (Columbus, Ohio) /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487948807586303.
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Witcher, Teresa Lynn. "Finding the "T" in LGBTQ: ESL Educator Perceptions of Transgender and Non-Binary Gender Topics in the Language Classroom." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1433.
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While there is a “T” in the acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ), the focus in both academia and the real world often shifts solely to sexuality. Even though the real world discussion of sexuality (and perhaps academia’s as well) is also much lacking in both attention to all sexualities (not simply heterosexual and homosexual), there is also a distinct lack of awareness about subtleties all along both the sexuality and gender spectrums. Although sexuality can depend on gender to some extent, particularly where limiting prefixes related to the preference for a specific binary gender (such as ‘hetero,’ ‘homo,’ or ‘bi’) occur, gender is separate from sexuality and the two cannot be simply conflated. Once gender is separated from sexuality, the issue of teaching LGBTQ topics in the English as a Second Language (ESL) classroom becomes even more complex. Previous research in the field has focused exclusively on sexuality while using the LGBTQ acronym, which serves as a subtle erasure of gender identities that are not explicitly bound within sexual identity. In the ESL classroom, gender should be problematized so that gender identity is moved from the passive acceptance of an assigned set of performative behaviors to a conscientious decision made by an empowered agent. This battles both cisnormativity (the functioning assumption and cultural framework that all people identify with their assigned sex at birth, which in turn leads to ostracism of those who do not operate in gender normative ways) but also allows all ESL students, regardless of gender identity, to look critically at what defines their gender and what factors go into the construction of any particular gender. Considering that many ESL students are coming from gender constructions present in their own cultures, even if those constructions resemble the Western binary, this is an incredibly feasible option given that scholars, such as Ged (2013), have found that gender identity, like all other aspects of identity, must be renegotiated in the language learning process, with results from the first cultural gender identity that are necessarily different by virtue of being constructed in an entirely difficult culture. This thesis examines the Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) corpus as it relates to non-binary gender identity and sexuality, as well as transgender and nonconforming topics in other disciplines, and suggests several means of opening up and reframing the conversation of gender in the ESL classroom. In addition, a modified replication of Dumas’s (2010) study tool towards measuring educator perceptions in the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) classroom was used to poll the opinions of four pre-service and thirteen in-service with regards to transgender and nonbinary topics in the American ESL classroom. This thesis concludes that there needs to be more research completed in the area, that teacher perceptions and their role in the classroom should be studied further to recognize what understandings or misunderstandings regarding gender in America are making their way into the ESL classroom.
9
Chorna, Olena. "The effect of music versus non-music activities on English word acquisition in a toddler group with ESL learners." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/244580.
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10
Tsang, Yvonne Shuk Kuen. "An analysis of teacher-pupil interaction in ESL classroom with reference to native speaking and non-native speaking teachers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1994. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/20.
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11
Brown, Eric. "Native and Non-native English Speaking ESL/EFL Teachers in Sweden : A Study on Students’ Attitudes and Perceptions towards the Teaching Behavior of Native and Non-native EnglishSpeaking Teachers." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14327.
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The aim of this study is to investigate whether upper-secondary school students, studying English as a foreign language (EFL) in Sweden, prefer to learn from Native English speaking teachers (NEST) as opposed to Non-native English speaking teachers (NNEST). Furthermore, the present study seeks to identify, from the EFL learners’ perspective, why certain characteristics of both NNEST and NEST are felt to be more prestigious than others which in turn might affect the students’potential to acquire a desired identity.
12
Skinner, Barbara. "Talking to teach : a multi case study exploration of native and non-native ESL teacher trainees' implementation and understanding of teacher talk." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665456.
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In this dissertation I explore the nature of English as a Second Language (ESL) trainee teacher talk and the challenges trainees face in understanding and implementing it. The study takes a sociocultural perspective and uses a qualitative, multiple case study approach of nine non-native and native speaking trainees who are studying on a TESOL Master's programme which includes a microteaching and overseas teaching practice placement. The data set includes lesson transcripts which are analysed using Conversation Analysis and protocols of stimulated recall interviews which are analysed using the Threshold Concept framework. The data provide robust evidence of episodes of trainee talk and trainees' justification for use or non-use of interactional features. Findings show that trainees use talk to manage themselves rather than to manage pedagogy. They avoid interactional uncertainty, use unmarked mode switches, design turns which benefit the self and use rapport building features to confirm effectiveness. These features manifest in a closing down of communication. Findings also show that there is a hybrid nature to trainee identity in microteaching. Trainees shift between, for example, being a teacher and being a classmate and this leads to an opening up of interaction which is not evident in the teaching practice data. Furthermore findings show that trainees understand teacher talk in different ways: as a loss of familiar assumptions, a mimicking of 'correct' use and as a skill which needs to be performed in front of observers. The study has three main outcomes: a model showing trainee teacher talk features which 'open up' interaction and those that 'close down' interaction; a teacher talk concept 'map' which helps teacher educators explain the components which comprise teacher talk and a flow chart which bridges the gap between the theory of teacher talk as a threshold concept and the process of practising it.
13
Dagistan, Murat. "A Study on How Non-Matriculated Chinese and Saudi Students Perceive their Language Learning Experience in an ESL Context at a U.S. University." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1563281769870744.
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14
Amburgey, Brent Harrison. "Informal Learning Choices of Japanese ESL Students in the United States." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/755.
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This study was designed to explore possible relationships between English language learners past formal language learning experiences and beliefs about language learning on the one hand, and their informal learning choices on the other. Six Japanese English as a second language (ESL) students participated in the study. Participants were interviewed and asked to complete an English study log for one week prior to their scheduled interview. The results of the study suggested that there were likely connections between experiences, beliefs, informal learning choices. For some participants, a singular experience or belief had an effect that seemed to outweigh other experiences and beliefs. However, there were also some differences in informal learning choices among participants that might be better explained by factors outside of the interest of this study, such as personality or goal of English study.
15
Rogland, Harutunian Erik. "Overcoming Speech Anxiety in the Classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30539.
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Speech anxiety is an issue that persists and presents itself innumerably in schools, especially affecting students who learning English either as their second language or as a foreign language. Speaking anxiety may stem from different sources and affect each individual student differently. The research question that is key to this research is “How can teachers support students who are struggling with speech anxiety?”The research for this thesis has been done through the use a qualitative interview with two secondary school teachers in Lund. The interview was structured after a semi-structured style to allow for guided questions and openness of any unexpected questions and answers during the interview process.The results of this research is that that tackling speaking anxiety in the classroom is no easy feat, although, from the literature and interview content it has been made clear that for a teacher to be successful in supporting their students, being prepared for possible difficulties, composed for sudden changes to lesson plans, and ready to adapt assignments where speaking is involved in order to allow students to be most comfortable and given their utmost honest performance while speaking in front of others.
16
Fröjd, Emelie, and Julia Ström. "The Effects of Digital Tools on EFL/ESL Learners' Vocabulary Acquisition/Learning." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kultur, språk och medier (KSM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41863.
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As a result of the increase of digitalisation in today’s society, the Swedish school system requires a certain degree of digital competence amongst teachers, affecting the foundation of how their teaching practice is structured. Therefore, this study aims to investigate to what extent Swedish EFL/ESL teachers in the primary years incorporate digital tools in their teaching practice, and more specifically how – and why – they are used to facilitate learners’ vocabulary acquisition/learning. In this qualitative study, five Swedish EFL/ESL teachers in the primary years participated. The five participants work at five different schools, in three different municipalities. The empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The results of these indicate that vocabulary drills, generally given as homework, are the primary method of teaching English vocabulary to the EFL/ESL learners, requiring them to learn consciously and intentionally. Moreover, the results imply that a variation of tasks and teaching tools, as well as a frequency in exposure of content, is necessary for beneficial vocabulary acquisition/learning. Further, it is evident that digital tools have a profitable effect on learners’ motivation and consequently their learning. Finally, it is clear that what matters when incorporating digital tools is how they are used, rather than that they are used.
17
Geither, Elise Joy. "Exploring Success in Tutoring the Non-Native English Speaker at University Writing Centers." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1291386750.
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Cornish, Audrey, and n/a. "NESB students at secondary college and university : a comparison of NESB success rates and an investigation into some of the factors which may affect study outcomes." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.163744.
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The increasing number of non-English speaking background (NESB) students
(from both Australia and overseas) has led to concerns about the appropriateness
of English as a Second Language (ESL) courses at upper secondary level as a
preparation for tertiary study. These concerns have been voiced at both upper
secondary and tertiary levels. It appears that NESB students' English language
levels at Year 12 are a critical factor in determining whether or not they will
succeed at tertiary study. On the other hand, they at times achieve high levels of
competence in mainstream subject areas which are not reflected in their ESL
results. Several other factors may also affect NESB students' tertiary success
rates e.g. language and cultural background, and length of time in Australia. In
addition, the responses of tertiary institutions to such students and their needs
may be of importance.
This study surveys the backgrounds and success rates of NESB students from
an ACT secondary college who moved into tertiary study programs. It
investigates their results in their Year 12 Certificates and traces them through
three years of tertiary study. In doing so, the study identifies certain factors
which appear to impact upon the students' success rates.
Results obtained may prove beneficial to ESL service providers at upper
secondary level. Furthermore, tertiary institutions may find such an analysis
helpful in assisting them to develop appropriate approaches to meet the needs of
this particular group of students.
19
Nielson, Pam, and n/a. "A comparative analysis of English as a second language programs and services in government school systems in Australian states and territories and the nexus with Commonwealth funding." University of Canberra. Education, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060824.132257.
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The study investigates the nature and extent of provision
of English as a Second Language (ESL) programs and
services for students of non-English speaking background
(NESB) in government school systems in the six Australian
states and two territories and the interrelationship of
state/territorial education authority provision and levels
of commonwealth funding. The study further examines
perceptions of state/territorial service providers of
where the onus of responsibility for ESL provision lies.
The study is limited to examination of ESL provision at
the school level in government education systems only and
does not address services for adult NESB learners or
provision in the non-government sector.
The study is set in the context of the impact of
commonwealth immigration policies on the nature of
Australia's multicultural society and on the evolution of
provision of appropriate programs and services for NESB
students in Australian government schools.
The major findings to emerge from this study which bear on
the issues identified in the literature and which are of
significance for the future of ESL service delivery are:
· the existence of overall commonality of definition of
NESB students and identification of such students for
ESL programs on the basis of need, but a degree of variation in procedures used by state and territorial
systems which falls short of standard practice and
renders comparative measurement of perceived shortfalls
in provision difficult;
· variation in definition of intensive programs which
renders comparison of provision difficult;
· strong commonality in overall provision of both
programs and services across all schooling sectors,
with limited local variation in service delivery;
an increasing commitment in all systems to the
mainstreaming of ESL provision through language across
the curriculum programs aimed at complementing
specialist ESL provision by enabling mainstream
teachers to accept responsibility for the language
needs of NESB learners;
· variation in degrees of dependence on commonwealth
funding for provision of programs and services ranging
from almost total dependence on commonwealth funding in
two systems to significant local education authority
provision in four systems;
· commonality of opinion among local service providers of
the commonwealth's responsibility for some degree of
funding of ESL provision, but variations in perceptions
of the extent of the commonwealth's responsibility in
this area;
· commonality of experience of initial identification of
need at the local level, but dependence on commonwealth
intervention to approach adequate provision to meet
identified need;
· a degree of tension between on the one hand,
recognition of individual differences among systems and
the concomitant need, or desire, for state/territorial
autonomy in service delivery; and on the other hand,
recognition of commonality of purpose and provision and
the concomitant need for some standardisation of
practice in the interests of efficiency and
accountability of service delivery.
The study concludes with an examination of the
implications of these findings for policy for future ESL
service delivery.
20
Shirvani, Shahenayati Zahra. "A Comparison of Native and Non-Native English-Speaking Teaching Assistants." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330776/.
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The purposes of this study were to determine whether differences existed between the communication styles and teaching effectiveness, respectively, of native and non-native teaching fellows, as perceived by their undergraduate students. In addition, the study sought to determine whether a positive correlation existed between the final grades and the communication styles and teaching effectiveness, respectively, of native and non-native teaching fellows as perceived by their undergraduate students. In order to carry out the purposes of this study, six hypotheses were tested concerning the perception of native and non-native undergraduate students toward the communication style and teaching effectiveness of teaching fellows in North Texas State University.
21
Leung, Shan Mui Stella. "The use of praise and humour in ESL classrooms by native speaking teachers (NS) and non-native speaking Chinese teachers of English (NNS) : a cross-cultural comparative study in the Hong Kong context." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/380.
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Qandil, Mahmoud Ahmed. "The Effect of Text Structure and Signaling Devices on Recall of Freshman Arab Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331413/.
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The problem of this study was to examine the effect of text structure and signaling devices on immediate and delayed recalls of freshman Arabic-speaking students after reading a text. Subjects for the study were forty-five freshman Arabic-speaking students enrolled in three freshman English courses at a state university. All subjects were male students. The subjects-were chosen on a voluntary basis. The subjects were given the Reading Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. They were then divided into groups of good, average, and poor readers according to their performance on the TOEFL. Two well—organized passages of expository text with clearly identifiable top-level structure of problem/solution and appropriate reading levels were selected for the study. Two versions of each passage were adapted — one with the signaling devices included in the passage and the other with the signaling devices deleted. Each subject read one version of each of the two passages. The immediate and delayed recalls of the subjects were scored by an unbiased scorer. The scorer was an expert teacher of English to foreign students. Hypothesis I stated that good readers would be able to utilize the writer's rhetorical mode of the text at a significantly higher level than average and poor readers. This hypothesis was supported. The results of Chi square analysis was significant at the .03 level for immediate recall, and at the .01 level for the delayed recall. Hypothesis II stated that readers of each of the three groups who followed the original rhetorical mode of the text would recall significantly more information than those who failed to do so. This hypothesis was also supported. The results of the Two-way Analysis of Variance were significant at the .01 level for both immediate and delayed recalls. Hypothesis III stated that the students of all three groups would recall significantly more information from the passage with signaling devices than from the passage without signaling devices. This hypothesis was not supported. Signaling devices helped good and average readers to recall significantly more information, while the group of poor readers was not affected by the presence of these signaling devices. The findings suggest that training non-native speakers in identifying and utilizing different rhetorical structures might facilitate their reading comprehension. There is also a parallel need in writing instruction so that writers can . offer this facility to their readers.
23
Zeidan, Lejla. "The relationship between extramural English activities and performance on vocabulary tests among Swedish upper secondary school learners." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-77709.
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The purpose of this study is to provide additional research on the topic of the relationship between extramural English activities and performance on vocabulary tests among Swedish school learners. Data were collected from English L2 learners in Swedish upper secondary school (English 6 course). A questionnaire about participants extramural English activities was filled in. Participants then took a receptive vocabulary test of 140 items. The participants (N=74) were aged 17, with the exception of one 19-year-old and two 16-year-olds and got divided into two main research groups: gamers and non-gamers. The results from the vocabulary test revealed that gamers had a higher mean score than non-gamers on the test. However, the non-gamers trailed behind with a barely notable distinction. When examining the gamer group more closely, the findings show that participants who spent more time gaming also had the highest scores, compared to lower frequency gamers. Additionally, gamers spend more hours per week on other English-related media (excluding tv-series, movies and gaming) than the non-gamers. This makes it possible to conclude that there is, to some extent, a connection between extramural English activities and better receptive vocabulary. However, while extramural activities influence vocabulary, so does length of instruction in a language. The non-gamers caught up to the gamers, one reason as to why being a result of the length of instruction in English, which may even out large differences between gamers and non-gamers for more advanced learners (Peters, 2018).Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med ytterligare forskning om ämnet extramurala engelsksaktiviteter och deras inverkan på svenska skolelevers vokabulärinlärning. Data samlades in från elever som har engelska som andrahandsspråk och som gick på gymnasiet (och deltog i engelska 6 kursen). Deltagarnas uppgift var att fylla i ett frågeformulär samt ett engelskt vokabulärtest som bestod av 140 ord. Deltagarna (N = 74) var 17 år gamla, samt en 19-årig elev och två 16-åriga elever, och delades in i två huvudgrupper: spelare (gamers) och icke-spelare (non-gamers). Resultaten från vokabulärtestet avslöjade att spelarna hade ett högre medelvärde än icke-spelare på testet: Dock hade icke-spelarna nästan samma medelvärde. När man undersöker den gruppen som spelar spel närmare, visar resultaten att deltagare som tillbringade mer tid på spel också hade de högsta poängen jämfört med spelare som spelade mindre frekvent. Dessutom tillbringar spelare i genomsnitt fler timmar per vecka på annan engelskrelaterad media (exklusive tv-serier, filmer och spel) i genomsnitt än icke-spelarna. Detta gör det möjligt att dra slutsatsen att det i viss utsträckning finns en koppling mellan extramurala engelskaktiviteter och högre ordförrådsförmåga. Peters (2018) slutsats visade att även längden av engelskstudierna kan ha en inverkan på vokabulären och för äldre elever kan möjligen effekten av exempelvis dataspelande jämnas ut desto längre de studerat engelska.
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Chittaladakorn, Khemlada. "Unorthodox Oral Expressions in English Dictionaries, Corpora, Textbooks, and English Language Instructional Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2911.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project is to provide useful data from published dictionaries, corpora, and instructional materials, as well as sample lessons, to promote the teaching of Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs) to learners of English as a second/foreign language. In the first chapter, the author reviews relevant literature, explains what UOEs are, and discusses the importance of incorporating UOEs in EFL or ESL classrooms. In the second chapter, a linguistic categorization of UOEs is given. In the third chapter, the results are given of an examination of 10 different dictionaries. The purpose of this examination was to find which of 56 target UOEs are included in each dictionary and what kind of definitions are given for them. The results show that many common UOEs are not included in most, or any, dictionaries. For the UOEs that are included in most dictionaries, the definitions do not always agree, and factors such as intonation are not taken into account. Moreover, the explanations on how the UOEs can be used are not complete. In the fourth chapter, three English language corpora are examined to discover which of the target 56 UOEs are the most frequently used. The results show some differences in UOE frequency between the corpora that include both spoken and written English text and the spoken English corpora. In the fifth chapter, the teaching of UOEs in ESL textbooks is analyzed. The results show that most of these books do not teach UOEs explicitly. In chapter six, experimental instructional units are provided. Results of piloting these lessons at Brigham Young University's English Language Center are discussed. In the last chapter, the author suggests possible future research involving UOEs.
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Ting, Eewen. "A Dictionary of Unorthodox Oral Expressions for English Learners and Teachers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4453.
Full textAbstract:
To learn a language successfully, one needs to incorporate terms which are used commonly by native speakers but cannot be found in dictionaries. Words like uh-huh, oops, ouch, and brrr, are some examples of these terms. These expressions, commonly categorized under such linguistic labels as interjections (Ameka, 1992), alternants (Poyatos, 2002), and response cries (Goffman,1981), are what Dr. Lynn Henrichsen (1993) and Rebecca Oyer (1999) termed Unorthodox Oral Expressions (UOEs). These utterances are considered unorthodox because many of them are not formal or standard English words. Because of that, “we do not consider them part of the productive system of English,” so English dictionaries and textbooks rarely include these words (Luthy, 1983, p.19). Also, they are used mostly in informal speech rather than in formal written English. Hence, non-native English learners usually don’t have the opportunity to learn these informal utterances in English classes (Chittaladakorn, 2011; Oyer, 1999).Though unorthodox, these expressions are important for English language learners (ELL) to learn so that they will be able to carry out more natural and native-like conversations and understand what these utterances mean when native speakers use them. Because UOEs are so under-taught and there are so few teaching UOEs, there is a great need for a UOE dictionary that includes not only pronunciation and meaning, but also the syntactic features and semantic and pragmatic functions of these expressions. This project includes the creation of an online UOE dictionary to fill that need in English language acquisition.
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Alali, Shatha Abdulmohsen. "BUSINESS COMMUNICATION IN GLOBAL CONTEXTS: STUDYING THE EXPERIENCES OF NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING (NES) AND NON-NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKING (NNES) PROFESSIONALS IN MULTILINGUAL, MULTICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556203981889352.
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Zhang, Fan. "Non-investment, the lack of English fluency of well-educated professional Chinese immigrants in Anglophone Canada." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16116.
Full textAbstract:
The Chinese are the largest ethnic minority in Canada. As a group, they are well-known for not being able to speak fluent English, including those well-educated individuals who immigrated to Canada mainly in the 2000s. There is a rich literature in applied linguistics about immigrants’ second language learning. Nevertheless, studies on second language practice of this particular group of well-educated Chinese immigrants are lacking. This enquiry is aimed at exploring the reasons why well-educated professional Chinese immigrants, who constitute a large portion of the Chinese population in Canada, do not put more effort into improving their English after settling down there, even though a better level of proficiency can bring apparent benefits to their economic and social success in the new host country. Nineteen well-educated professional Chinese immigrants took part in in-depth interviews, the sole method of data collection of this exploratory study which has a conceptual framework capitalizing on such concepts as motivation/demotivation, value, capital, investment, community and identity. The findings reveal that the principal reason for a dearth of efforts is that they do not deem such efforts very necessary and worthwhile. The contribution of this study to knowledge lies in the conceptualization of non-investment, which complements the existing notion of investment by incorporating into it motivational/demotivational factors that the latter dismisses, and which addresses the issue as to what resources an individual depends on when making investment decisions. In addition, this concept is also a contribution to the under-researched area of demotivation. The immigration of well-educated Chinese professionals to Canada is one of the trends in human migration on the global scale which is a part of globalization. Therefore, the comprehension of the rationale behind their second language practice is significant to the applied linguists who work in the realm of globalization.
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Baskova, Irina Mikhailovna. "Preparing Non-Native English Speakers for the Mathematical Vocabulary in the GRE and GMAT." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6684.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to develop vocabulary materials to aid non-native English speakers, specifically Russian speaking test-takers, in their preparation for the mathematical sections of the General Record Examination (GRE) and the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) in terms of English mathematical vocabulary. GRE and GMAT preparation materials and practice tests published by the Educational Testing Service, Kaplan, and Barron's were analyzed with the help of computer software. This data was then used to determine which key words to include in the vocabulary tool, which is now available on Quizlet (www.quizlet.com). The developed materials were further proofread by competent mathematics and English language professionals and assessed with the help of a questionnaire administered to them. The rationale of the materials development and the procedures used for the process are described in detail in this thesis project.
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Cao, Ngoc Lam Vien. "EFFECTS OF SPEAKER'S ACCENT IN A MULTIMEDIA TUTORIAL ON NON-NATIVE STUDENTS' LEARNING AND ATTITUDES." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/803.
Full textAbstract:
Research in the field of multimedia has yielded principles for the design of effective multimedia instructional messages including Mayer's principles regarding voice. According to the voice principle, students learn more deeply when the narration in a multimedia lesson is spoken by a native voice rather than a non-native voice. The generalizability of the voice principle has been demonstrated when applied to multimedia users who are native speakers of the language used in narration. However, three out of four English users are non-native speakers of English, and the vast majority of verbal exchanges in English do not involve any native speakers of the language at all. By focusing on non-native users, the results of this study should clarify the applicability of the voice principle to a broader target audience. The study investigated whether the accent of the narrator in a multimedia tutorial affected participants' learning and attitudes toward the narrator. The independent variable of the study was narrator's accent with two levels: native accent and non-native shared accent. The dependent variables of the study were participants' learning and their attitudes toward the narrators. Sixty-five Chinese participants at a Midwestern university in the United States were randomly assigned to one of two groups in this experimental design. Data to test the dependent variables were collected through a learning achievement test and an attitude survey. Data analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in overall learning and recall level learning between the two accent groups. However, the group who heard the narration spoken with the native American English accent had significantly more positive attitudes toward their respective narrator than the group who heard the narration spoken with a non-native shared Chinese accent. The study qualifies the voice principle by establishing the limits of its generalizability to non-native English speakers. The study suggests to instructional designers that the use of a non-native shared accent should not affect students' learning negatively although it may affect their attitudes toward the speakers. In addition, the study helps assure non-native instructors that they can record their own voices to use in multimedia instruction as their non-native students will learn as effectively as with a native English accent.
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Booker, Barbara B. "Perceptions Of Hispanic Female ESL Students Toward First-Year College Writing Courses: A Phenomenological Examination Of Cultural Influences." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4292.
Full textAbstract:
The role of culture as a phenomenon guided this qualitative study, which examined the influence of diverse Hispanic cultures on the attitudes and perceptions towards college writing courses of female Hispanic students who are non-native speakers of English. With the increasing number of Hispanic immigrants coming to the U.S., the minority student population at our nation's colleges and universities has also risen. Community colleges have become the means through which many of these Hispanic immigrants obtain a college education.
The eight women who participated in this study self-identified as Hispanic. All were first generation college students who had been born outside of the United States. Three were born in Puerto Rico, two were born in Cuba, and the remaining three came from Uruguay, Colombia, and Mexico, respectively. The eight participants were students at a Florida community college, and all had already completed at least one college writing course.
The data were collected through the use of individual interviews (Patton, 1987) and responses to journal prompts (Owens, 2007). The journal prompts and interview questions were designed to elicit the participants' descriptions of their experiences in their college writing courses and their attitudes towards their college writing coursework. These eight women provided insight into how their culture as Hispanic females affects their learning experiences in college writing courses.
This study was based on three exploratory questions:
* What are the cultural influences that shape the experiences of female Hispanic ESL learners in college writing courses?
* How do these cultural influences affect student learning, specifically those skills involving thinking, conducting research, and using correct grammar, format, and citation?
* Have these cultural influences produced a learning experience that is transformative? If so, how?
The data were analyzed using qualitative analysis software. The findings were triangulated through this analysis of the responses, by having the participants check the transcripts for accuracy, and through the use of a researcher reflective journal (Creswell, 1998). Five emergent themes were extracted from the data:
1. The frustrations and struggles ESL students experience in their college writing courses;
2. The desire to succeed in school and in their prospective careers;
3. The influence of teachers on their academic experiences;
4. The importance family for emotional support; and
5. The necessity of cultural assimilation without compromising one's own cultural identity.
From these themes, descriptive statements (Creswell, 2007) were developed that suggest answers to the exploratory questions. These descriptive statements are:
* Female Hispanic ESL learners are influenced by several elements of their culture, specifically in their relationships with their families and their instructors.
* Female Hispanic ESL learners consider English language acquisition an integral element of cultural assimilation.
* Female Hispanic ESL learners see the transformative aspect of their English writing courses as requiring them to change on both a personal and a societal level.
These descriptive statements formed the basis for a discussion of implications in both teaching and curriculum development, and recommendations for future research. These recommendations include promoting awareness of the cultural and institutional barriers that are the result of a lack of personal connections between students and teachers, such as the limited availability of tutors and other learning center staff; the limited availability of instructors whose native language is the same as that of the ESL student; family and child care responsibilities; problems related to full- or part-time employment; transportation issues; and the lack of college writing courses designed specifically for non-native speakers.
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Ene, Simona Estela. "The Last Stages of Second Language Acquisition: Linguistic Evidence from Academic Writing by Advanced Non-Native English Speakers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195720.
Full textAbstract:
Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers have yet to map the developmental stages language learners go through as they approach the target language. In studies of ESL writing, the term "advanced learner" has been applied indiscriminately to learners ranging from freshman ESL composition to graduate students (Bardovi-Harlig and Bofman, 1989; Chaudron and Parker, 1990; Connor and Mayberry, 1996; Hinkel, 1997, 2003). There is a need to examine the advanced stages of SLA in order to refine SLA theories and pedagogical approaches.A corpus of texts written by eleven graduate students in applied linguistics who are non-native-English speakers from several linguistic backgrounds was analyzed to determine the texts' lexical, morphological, and syntactic fluency, accuracy, and complexity. A sub-corpus of papers by seven native-English-speaking peers was used for comparison. The texts were sit-down and take-home examinations written in a doctoral program at the end of the first semester and three years later. Surveys and interviews were conducted to supplement the corpus with ethnographic data.This dissertation defines data-based criteria that distinguish four quantitatively and qualitatively distinct developmental stages: the advanced, highly advanced, near-native, and native-like stages. Advanced learners make more frequent and varied errors (with articles, prepositions, plural and possessive markers, agreement and anaphors), which can be explained by linguistic transfer. Native-like writers make few errors that can be explained by overgeneralization of conventions from informal English and working memory limitations (just like native speakers' errors). Throughout the four stages, errors (i.e., incorrect forms that reflect lack of linguistic knowledge (Corder, 1967)) became less frequent, and more of the incorrect usages appeared to be mistakes (occasional slips).This dissertation supports Herschensohn's (1999) proposal that SLA is a process of transfer followed by relearning of morpho-syntactic specifications. Syntax was used with the greatest accuracy (Bardovi-Harlig and Bofman, 1989), while lexicon (especially function words) was the weakest. In addition, length of stay in an English-speaking country and amount of interaction with native speakers were proportional with accuracy. An important pedagogical recommendation is that (corpus-assisted) language teaching should continue until the target language is reached.
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George, Stephen J. "Community of Inquiry Meets Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): A CDA of Asynchronous Computer-Conference Discourse with Seminary Students in India." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011816/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to better understand student learning in asynchronous computer-conference discourse (ASD) for non-native speakers of English in India through the Community of Inquiry (COI) framework. The study looked at ASD from an online course taught in the fall of 2015 to 25 students in a seminary in South India. All but one of the students were non-native speakers of English. The class consisted of 22 men and 3 women. Eight students spoke languages from the Dravidian family of languages (Malayalam, Tamil, Telegu and Kannada). Eight students were from the Northeastern states of Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura, where most languages are from the Sino-Tibetan family. Three students were native speakers of Indo-Aryan languages (Odiya and Assamese). Five students were from Myanmar representing several Sino-Tibetan languages. The COI is a framework used to understand learning in ASD, often used in online learning. To study the ASD of this group, critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used with the COI to capture the unique socio-cultural and linguistic conditions of this group.
The study revealed that non-native speakers of English often reach the Exploration phase of learning but rarely show evidence of reaching the Resolution phase. This phenomenon was also observed in native English speakers as reported in the literature. Also, the structure of ASD showed that students took an examination approach to discussion shaped in part by their epistemology. This examination approach shaped how knowledge was constructed. CDA also showed that the discourse acquired an instructor-centered structure in which Resolution and Repair were initiated and finalized by the instructor.
The study advances the COI framework by undergirding it with a theory of asynchronous discourse using critical discourse analysis and capturing cognitive, social and teaching presence phenomena for non-native speakers that were not observed through the traditional COI framework. These phenomena were driven by cultural, epistemological, and linguistic forces and require a rethinking of the COI for contexts outside of North America. The study also demonstrates that learning for non-native speakers in ASD is challenged by these very same forces. Therefore, design for online learning should account for these phenomena.
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McGuire, Michael. "Formulaic sequences in English conversation: Improving spoken fluency in non-native speakers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11024/.
Full textAbstract:
Native speakers often ignore the limitless potential of language and stick to institutionalized formulaic sequences. These sequences are stored and processed as wholes, rather than as the individual words and grammatical rules which make them up. Due to research on formulaic sequence in spoken language, English as a Second Language / Foreign Language pedagogy has begun to follow suit. There has been a call for a shift from the traditional focus on isolated grammar and vocabulary to formulaic sequences and context. I tested this hypothesis with 19 L2 English learners who received 5 weeks of task-based instruction and found substantial progress in oral fluency only for the experimental group. Differences between pretest and posttest oral fluency were examined by looking at the learners' speech rate and their mean length of run. Subjective evaluation of fluency by 16 native English judges confirmed the calculated measures.
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Huang, Yao-Feng. "The Effects of Two Methods on Training EFL University Students in Taiwan to Identify Three Non-Native Phonemic Contrasts." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1356908830.
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Nymeyer, Kayla Marie. "Parameters that Affect the Comfort Levels of Native English Speakers Communicating with Non-Native English Speakers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5770.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores how native English speakers (NESs) are affected by the backgrounds of non-native English speakers (NNESs) when it comes to being comfortable interacting with then in English. Speech samples of 12 NNESs were gathered from the Level Achievement Tests conducted at Brigham Young University's English Language Center. There were six speakers who spoke Spanish as their first language (L1) and six speakers who spoke Chinese as their L1. In each L1 group, there were two Low proficiency speakers, two Mid proficiency speakers, and two High proficiency speakers. The speech samples were included in a Qualtrics survey which was completed by 122 American NES participants. The NES participants listened to each speech sample and rated their comfort level interacting with each NNES speaker in six different communication situations categorized as either formal or casual. The results were statistically analyzed in order to determine the effect of proficiency level, L1, and communication situation on NES comfort levels in NNES interactions. High proficiency speakers were rated significantly higher than Mid proficiency speakers which were in turn rated higher than Low proficiency speakers. Spanish L1 speakers were rated higher than Chinese L1 speakers. The more casual communication situations were ranked higher than the more formal communication situations. A statistical analysis of the interaction between proficiency level and L1 revealed that Spanish L1 speakers were strongly preferred at higher proficiency levels but Chinese L1 speakers were preferred at lower proficiency levels. These results suggest that Spanish L1 speakers have a greater need to be higher than Low proficiency while Chinese L1 speakers have a greater need to achieve High proficiency. NNESs who anticipate being in formal situations should also aim for High proficiency.
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Gonzalez, Melanie. "The Intricate Relationship between Measures of Vocabulary Size and Lexical Diversity as Evidenced in Non-Native and Native Speaker Academic Compositions." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5748.
Full textAbstract:
The present study, a quantitative lexical analysis, examines the extent to which vocabulary size and lexical diversity contribute to writing scores on advanced non-native speakers' and native speakers' academic compositions. The data consists of essays composed by 104 adult non-native English learners enrolled in advanced second language writing courses and 68 native speaking university students in a first-year composition course. The lexical diversity of the sample essays is quantified by both the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) and the voc-D while vocabulary size is measured by CELEX word frequency means, three instruments that are available in the computational linguistics program Coh-Metrix 3.0. Writing scores are provided by three independent raters' evaluations according to the TOEFL iBT Independent Writing Rubric. Results from a binary logistic regression reveal that lexical diversity has a significantly greater impact on writing score than vocabulary size (p < .01). Nevertheless, a series of MANOVAs indicate that vocabulary size initially facilitates writing scores at the lower proficiency levels, but it is an essay's lexical diversity that promotes it to the higher score levels. Additional findings from the MANOVAs demonstrate that native speakers' profiles of lexical diversity and size are significantly different from their non-native peers (p < .001). The lexical profiles also differed significantly among the individual score levels of the TOEFL iBT rubric (p < .05). A final outcome from a Pearson's product moment correlation analysis shows that vocabulary size has only a moderate relationship to lexical diversity, suggesting that variation of mid-range vocabulary may be more important to writing proficiency than the use of more sophisticated terms that occur less frequently in natural language. Implications for practice suggest that it is not enough to simply teach vocabulary words in the L2 composition classroom, but also to guide learners in how to employ these words in a varied manner within their writing. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that teachers should spend more time on helping students use medium frequency words along with synonyms of a similar frequency rather than teaching students infrequent vocabulary, which may appear to sound more advanced.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Dean's Office, Education
Education and Human Performance
Education; TESOL
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Grossman, Kelly Marie. "Negotiating the Non-Negotiable: Re-visioning Writing Center Approach to Cultural and Linguistic Diversity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375279778.
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Ou, Chun-Ming. "The Dynamics Among Non-English Speaking Online Learners' Language Proficiency, Coping Mechanisms,and Cultural Intelligence: Implications for Effective Practice for Online Cross-cultural Collaboration." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1338383346.
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Keilty, Megan Brigid. "An investigation of developmental spelling in ESL and non-ESL kindergarten children." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2688.
Full textAbstract:
The current study investigated developmental spelling in a group of English as a second language (ESL) and non-ESL children. The purpose was to determine if a measure of developmental spelling differed between a group of ESL and non-ESL kindergarten children, and further, what linguistic and literacy skills were related to developmental spelling for each group.
The results from 37 ESL and 40 non-ESL children revealed that the groups did not differ on a measure of developmental spelling, and that the predictors of developmental spelling included syntactic knowledge (Syntax Construction) and phonological processing (Sound Matching) for both groups, and Letter Identification for the non-ESL group only. The results revealed many similarities between the groups in their English spelling development. Some differences emerged, however, including phonological processing (Non-word Repetition) being related to developmental spelling for the ESL group only, and Letter Identification being related to developmental spelling for the non-ESL group only.
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"Native and non-native English speaking tutors' feedback on college-level ESL student writing." UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, BALTIMORE COUNTY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1460811.
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Murray, Andrea. "Non-language outcomes in adult ESL literacy classrooms: an examination of the Certificates of General Education for Adults." 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2089.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to investigate how the Certificate of General Education for Adults (CGEA) caters for non-language outcomes in ESL literacy classrooms. The research focuses specifically on ESL literacy learners with limited or no formal education who are characterised as having literacy needs. Non-language outcomes (NLO) such as improved self-esteem, cultural awareness and the development of learning-to-learn skills are seen by many teachers to be important gains from language and literacy courses. However, since the introduction of competency-based credentials like the CGEA, many practitioners are concerned that these do not acknowledge NLO. Using the theoretical framework of a previous study by Jackson (1994) into NLO categories, this thesis reported on the findings of a qualitative multi-case study of six teachers and their low-level ESL literacy learners. A range of data including teacher interviews, classroom observations and field notes was used to examine the informants’ conceptualisation of both ESL literacy learner characteristics and of NLO. The teachers were also asked to comment on whether NLO were documented in the CGEA. The data revealed that the informants’ characterisation of ESL literacy learners matches current definitions found in the literature. The teachers reported that these learners do make non-language gains, particularly in the affective and learning skills categories. This thesis also identified classroom metalanguage to be an additional NLO for the target learners which was not previously identified by Jackson (1994).
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Jiun, Kao Jia, and 高嘉君. "The ESL Education For Children of Non-native Speaker in U.S.A. --The Case of 2001 Gonzaga Summer Language Camp, Spokane, Washington State." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84671925774613514865.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
美國研究所
91
Title of Thesis: Total Pages: 174 The ESL Education For Children of Non-native Speaker in U.S.A. --The Case of 2001 Gonzaga Summer Language Camp, Spokane, Washington State Name of Institute: The Graduate Institute of American Studies, Tamkang University Graduate Date: June Degree Conferred: M. A. Name of Student: Kao Jia Jiun Advisor: Professor Thomas B. Lee Abstract: This research analyses the ESL education for children of non-native speaker in the U.S.A, by using the case of summer language camp, which took place in Gonguage University in Sopkane, Washington State in August 2001. And through a series of observations and discussions which examines and identifies the key successful factors of the ESL program sponsored by a local American college for those students whom are not native speakers. For these immigrated students, vast majority of them may encounter lots of problem and confusion toward both studying and living when they first expose themselves into the overall English-speaking environment. Therefore, in research criticize the theories such as Behaviorism, The Nativist Approach, Stage Theory and Language Acquisition in order to investigate the processes pertaining to their ESL learning. Furthermore, some key factors that may interfere those students while learning ESL are also including in the contents. Chapter One is the introduction and Chapter Two covers both children language-learning theories and teaching approaches which had been used in 2001 Gonzaga Summer Language Camp. Chapter Three analyzes the major factors that may influent students when they start to learn ESL, such as age, culture shocks, mother tongue and surrounding environments. Chapter Four is the case study of 2001 Gonzaga Summer Language Camp. Chapter Five covering the in-depth discussions to this case study and also gives some suggestions to improve ESL program. Chapter Six is the conclusion and suggestions.
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Motsoeneng, William Sipho. "The non-effectiveness of the communicative language teaching approach (CLT) in the teaching and learning of English as a second language (ESL) in selected black high schools in Lower Umfolozi District in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/793.
Full textAbstract:
A mini-thesis submitted in fulfillrnent ofthereqnirements for the degree
of Master of Arts in the Department of Linguistics, University of
Zululand, 2003.The new political dispensation in South Africa has given "equal" status to eleven languages, practically English still enjoys special rights it used to enjoy in the old order, prior to 1994. To cite but a few examples, English is still the official medium of instruction in many South African schools, private or public. Huge knowledge of information is inaccessible to many South Africans unless they are competent in English. Job applications and interviews are carried out in this language. When dealing with issues of national interest, government officials use this language. They will argue that many South Africans and ethnic groups can comprehend English. Thus, it is an "unbiased", "neutral", "standard" and a unifying", etc. language. It is, therefore, very much unlikely that the South African president could one day deliver the State of the nation Address in isiXhosa, seSotho or isiZulu. Media institutions would rarely employ a person who cannot comprehend English. Many of them - printing, radio stations and television channels -have English as their main language. One may cite commercials and interviews with the president on a national TV as examples. Even those media institutions that use other languages (not English), very often find themselves compromising their standards because of the influence of English. What is discussed above is the undeniable situation of the country. Whether one views it as good or otherwise, the truth is, this is the status quo at the present moment. English has not only established itself as a national lingua franca, but it is also taking control globally, both in politics, economy and other social affairs. The whole research in this study was based on the premise that, "with English you stand, and without English you fail", particularly in South Africa. Hence the utmost aim of this research work has been to come up with a teaching technique that would avert any "fall" of any South African. The researcher was convinced that there was something wrong with the main existing teaching technique, the Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT) for failing to yield desired results after so many years it has been in place. Moreover, the time that the learners expend in learning the language (from grade one to grade twelve) is sufficient for them to have grasped and internalised a considerable knowledge and command of English, particularly at matric level. Consequently, the study had to examine the CLT approach thoroughly, before anything could be recommenced. The researcher is of the conviction that, although English was sometimes referred to as a "neutral"' language, it is not always so with Black South African learners, especially in Black rural schools. In some instances English has been seen as a barrier to some learners' possible success. The Black High schools where this research was conducted have attested to this statement. Considering the magnitudirial role of English already discussed, one could not dispute the fact that learners to whom English is a second language (ESL) are not competing from an equal footing with their English native speaking counterparts. The former are usually held back whilst the latter are put a step ahead by the status of the language. All the above mentioned facts should lay a profound reason for the introduction of the best possible ever teaching technique. One could only hope that this piece of work will make a positive difference for the disadvantaged learners to be assisted.
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Hester, Debra Cantu. "Implementing effective school practices for secondary English language learners : implications for leaders." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21311.
Full textAbstract:
In 1999, Texas Legislature mandated the Student Success Initiative to ensure all eighth grade students are on grade level in reading and mathematics. Although progress is evident, the achievement gap for English language learners remains. The purpose of this case study was to explore effective school practices that lead to closing the achievement gap. This qualitative study applies the two core functions of leadership for exercising influence and providing direction to answer the research question: How do the core functions of school leadership practices for implementing the Student Success Initiative requirements vary between English language learners and non-English language learners in high and low-performing middle schools? The comparison between the high-performing school and low-performing school brought forth key findings and identifies school practices for supporting secondary English language learners.
The key findings for exercising influence on teachers were: 1) Effective school practices that influence teacher knowledge on how to identify students and their needs include: a) conducts a needs assessment.; b) analyze data; c) create differentiated ESL programs, d) place diverse groups of ELLs in differentiated ESL programs. 2) Effective school practices to influence teachers how to intervene include: a) accept teacher input and follow through on requests when planning interventions, b) target intervention needs; c) create differentiated interventions. 3) Effective school practices to influence teachers how to monitor include: a) analyze multiple types of data, b) measure student reading growth; c) measure student language proficiency, d) conduct walkthroughs to observe students. The key findings for providing direction to teachers established the following practices: 4) Effective school practices to provide direction to identify students and their needs include, a) develop and implement a school wide intervention plan, b) create a master schedule to implement differentiated ESL programs; c) model how to disaggregate data, d) develop and implement an individual plan for ELLs. 5) Effective school practices to provide direction to intervene include: a) assign ESL teacher to intervention groups, b) use data to drive intervention planning, c) measure growth in language and literacy, d) provide daily interventions, e) integrate language and literacy interventions in lessons. 6) Effective school practices to provide direction to teachers for monitoring include: a) measure growth of literacy and language development, b) triangulate multiple types of data, c) review intervention lessons during walkthroughs, e) provide daily interventions specific to student needs.text
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Martin, Lynne Rohmerien. "A Model for Developing Law Lecture Comprehension Lessons for Non-Native Speakers of English from Video-taped Authentic Materials." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1087.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Title from screen (viewed on June 27, 2007) Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-80)