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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Equilibrium conditions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Kempshall, B. W., B. I. Prenitzer, and L. A. Giannuzzi. "Grain boundary segregation: equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Scripta Materialia 47, no. 7 (October 2002): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(02)00141-0.

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2

Sciortino, Francesco, Cristiano De Michele, and Jack F. Douglas. "Growth of equilibrium polymers under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 15 (March 4, 2008): 155101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/15/155101.

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3

Tzur, Dora, and Emilia Kirowa-Eisner. "Consecutive titrations under non-equilibrium conditions." Analytica Chimica Acta 355, no. 1 (November 1997): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(97)81615-7.

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4

Chen, Rui, Simona Neri, and Leonard J. Prins. "Enhanced catalytic activity under non-equilibrium conditions." Nature Nanotechnology 15, no. 10 (July 20, 2020): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0734-1.

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5

Vitenberg, A. G., and N. I. Kalacheva. "Quantitative headspace analysis under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Chromatography A 368 (January 1986): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91043-4.

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6

Bormann, R. "Phase reactions under highly non-equilibrium conditions." Materials Science and Engineering: A 226-228 (June 1997): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(96)10628-6.

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7

Fahr, Hans J., and M. Heyl. "Debye screening under non-equilibrium plasma conditions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 589 (April 18, 2016): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628082.

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8

Del Cerro, J., J. M. Martin, and S. Ramos. "Specific heat measurements under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of thermal analysis 47, no. 6 (December 1996): 1691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01980914.

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9

Muriel, A. "Initial conditions in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 129, no. 3 (February 1985): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4371(85)90187-6.

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10

Hegemann, Dirk, Paula Navascués, and Ramses Snoeckx. "Plasma gas conversion in non-equilibrium conditions." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 100 (January 2025): 548–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.351.

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11

Wang, Wei Zong, Ming Zhe Rong, J. D. Yan, A. B. Murphy, and Joseph W. Spencer. "Thermophysical properties of nitrogen plasmas under thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Physics of Plasmas 18, no. 11 (November 2011): 113502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3657426.

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12

KISELEV, M. N. "SEMI-FERMIONIC REPRESENTATION FOR SPIN SYSTEMS UNDER EQUILIBRIUM AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 04 (February 10, 2006): 381–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206033310.

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We present a general derivation of semi-fermionic representation for spin operators in terms of a bilinear combination of fermions in real and imaginary time formalisms. The constraint on fermionic occupation numbers is fulfilled by means of imaginary Lagrange multipliers resulting in special shape of quasiparticle distribution functions. We show how Schwinger–Keldysh technique for spin operators is constructed with the help of semi-fermions. We demonstrate how the idea of semi-fermionic representation might be extended to the groups possessing dynamic symmetries. We illustrate the application of semi-fermionic representations for various problems of strongly correlated and mesoscopic physics.

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13

Rosato, V., and Marco Vittori Antisari. "Diffusion in Metallic Glasses under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." Defect and Diffusion Forum 134-135 (March 1996): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.134-135.47.

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14

Wu, Shaohua, and Zuhan Liu. "THE CONTINUOUS CASTING PROBLEM WITH NON-EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS." Acta Mathematica Scientia 16, no. 3 (July 1996): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0252-9602(17)30810-x.

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15

Chvoj, Z. "Dynamics of adsorbed atoms under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 12, no. 10 (February 24, 2000): 2135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/10/301.

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16

Duhm, Steffen, Ingo Salzmann, Robert L. Johnson, and Norbert Koch. "Electronic non-equilibrium conditions at C60–pentacene heterostructures." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 174, no. 1-3 (August 2009): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2009.04.008.

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17

Müller, S., M. Hantke, and P. Richter. "Closure conditions for non-equilibrium multi-component models." Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 28, no. 4 (August 8, 2015): 1157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00161-015-0468-8.

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18

Hawker, Darryl W., and Des W. Connell. "Prediction of bioconcentration factors under non-equilibrium conditions." Chemosphere 14, no. 11-12 (January 1985): 1835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(85)90126-2.

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19

Wang, Jin Mei. "Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Solution of Nonlinear Population Evolution Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2244.

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20

Fujita, Hiroshi. "Non-equilibrium phase formation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175661.

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The most important advantage of EM’s is in situ experiments on detailed processes of the same phenomena that occur in bulk materials. In recent years, in situ experiments with HVEM’s, in particular with a 3MV ultra-HVEM , has made it possible to create non-equilibrium phases, which do not exist in nature, or to control and design materials on an atomic scale. Namely, HVEM’s have developed to “Micro-Laboratory”, in which various material-treatments can be done, for natural science from powerful tools for characterization and/or identification of materials.l.The General Rule for Solid Amorphization The author and his cowerkers have succeeded in making amorphous solids of intermetallic compounds by high energy electron irradiation. Using the electron irradiation effect, necessary conditions for the formation of both non-equilibrium phases and extremly supersaturated solid structures[3,4] can be easily and precisely controlled.

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21

Kazakova, E. F., N. L. Zvereva, N. E. Dmitrieva, and L. L. Meshkov. "Interaction of aluminum with chromium and zirconium under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin 69, no. 5 (September 2014): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027131414050034.

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22

Baglai, Iaroslav, Michel Leeman, Bernard Kaptein, Richard M. Kellogg, and Willem L. Noorduin. "A chiral switch: balancing between equilibrium and non-equilibrium states." Chemical Communications 55, no. 48 (2019): 6910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03250a.

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Herein we introduce a “chiral switch” – a sequence of operations that alternate between equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions to switch the absolute configuration of a chiral center. The generality and practical potential of the technique are demonstrated with three unnatural α-amino acid precursors.

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23

Gurov, A. N., N. V. Gurova, A. L. Leontiev, and V. B. Tolstoguzov. "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium complexes between bovine serum albumin and dextran sulfate—I. Complexing conditions and composition of non-equilibrium complexes." Food Hydrocolloids 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(88)80025-0.

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24

TSUJIMOTO, Tetsuro, and Akira SAITO. "Concentration distribution of suspended sediment under non-equilibrium conditions." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 423 (1990): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1990.423_63.

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25

Magnuson, Matthew L., and B. M. Fung. "Dual alignment of liquid crystals under non-equilibrium conditions." Liquid Crystals 20, no. 3 (March 1996): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299608032038.

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26

Makki, Rabih, László Roszol, Jason J. Pagano, and Oliver Steinbock. "Tubular precipitation structures: materials synthesis under non-equilibrium conditions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1969 (June 28, 2012): 2848–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0378.

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Inorganic precipitation reactions are known to self-organize a variety of macroscopic structures, including hollow tubes. We discuss recent advances in this field with an emphasis on experiments similar to ‘silica gardens’. These reactions involve metal salts and sodium silicate solution. Reactions triggered from reagent-loaded microbeads can produce tubes with inner radii of down to 3 μm. Distinct wall morphologies are reported. For pump-driven injection, three qualitatively different growth regimes exist. In one of these regimes, tubes assemble around a buoyant jet of reactant solution, which allows the quantitative prediction of the tube radius. Additional topics include relaxation oscillations and the templating of tube growth with pinned gas bubble and mechanical devices. The tube materials and their nano-to-micro architectures are discussed for the cases of silica/Cu(OH) 2 and silica/Zn(OH) 2 /ZnO tubes. The latter case shows photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence.

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27

Patankar, S. N., D. Zhang, G. Adam, and F. H. (Sam) Froes. "Processing of yttrium–aluminum garnets under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 353, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)01319-1.

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28

Casavola, A., G. Colonna, and M. Capitelli. "Non-equilibrium conditions during a laser induced plasma expansion." Applied Surface Science 208-209 (March 2003): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01340-5.

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29

Sobolev, S. L. "Rapid phase transformation under local non-equilibrium diffusion conditions." Materials Science and Technology 31, no. 13 (April 17, 2015): 1607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284715y.0000000051.

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30

Zanatta, S. C., F. F. Ivashita, K. L. da Silva, C. F. C. Machado, and A. Paesano. "Processing of gadolinium–iron garnet under non-equilibrium conditions." Hyperfine Interactions 224, no. 1-3 (February 1, 2013): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-013-0813-x.

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31

Vafaei, Saeid, Theodorian Borca-Tasciuc, and Dongsheng Wen. "Investigation of nanofluid bubble characteristics under non-equilibrium conditions." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 86 (December 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2014.10.010.

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32

Sawai, T., S. Yamauchi, and S. Nakanishi. "Behavior of disturbance waves under hydrodynamic non-equilibrium conditions." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 15, no. 3 (May 1989): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(89)90005-0.

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33

Bussac, Jean. "A non-equilibrium multi-component model with miscible conditions." Communications in Mathematical Sciences 21, no. 8 (2023): 2195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cms.2023.v21.n8.a6.

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34

Librovich, B. V., A. F. Nowakowski, F. C. G. A. Nicolleau, and T. M. Michelitsch. "Non-Equilibrium Evaporation/Condensation Model." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 09, no. 08 (December 2017): 1750111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825117501113.

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A new mathematical model for non-equilibrium evaporation/condensation including boiling effect is proposed. A simplified differential-algebraic system of equations is obtained. A code to solve numerically this differential-algebraic system has been developed. It is designed to solve both systems of equations with and without the boiling effect. Numerical calculations of ammonia–water systems with various initial conditions, which correspond to evaporation and/or condensation of both components, have been performed. It is shown that, although the system evolves quickly towards a quasi-equilibrium state, it is necessary to use a non-equilibrium evaporation model to calculate accurately the evaporation/condensation rates, and consequently all the other dependent variables.

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35

Meher, K. C., N. Tiwari, S. Ghorui, and A. K. Das. "Multi-Component Diffusion Coefficients in Nitrogen Plasma Under Thermal Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Conditions." Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 34, no. 4 (March 28, 2014): 949–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9541-5.

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36

Meher, K. C., N. Tiwari, and S. Ghorui. "Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Nitrogen Plasma Under Thermal Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Conditions." Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 35, no. 4 (February 28, 2015): 605–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11090-015-9615-z.

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37

Nathan, Risha Jasmine, Arvind Kumar Jain, and Rhonda J. Rosengren. "Non-Equilibrium Multi-Ion Biosorption Isotherms for Removal of Heavy Metals from Drinking Water." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14, no. 2 (Special issue) (June 15, 2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.14221.34.

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Biosorption isotherms define the relationship between biosorption capacity of the biosorbent and the equilibrium concentration of the ions in solution, at a constant temperature. Experiments are routinely performed under near-equilibrium because it is impossible to determine the exact time at which equilibrium was attained. A novel attempt to study multi-ion biosorption in non-equilibrium conditions has been made, based on the Probability Isotherm theory. Materials and Methods: Probability Isotherm theory was examined with cucumber and kiwifruit peel beads which are reported to be efficient biosorbents. The peels were incubated in a cocktail of seven ions (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Ni) at the same initial concentration (0.1- 15 mgL-1) and four different temperatures (25-55°C). Non-equilibrium biosorption data were modeled by Langmuir isotherm model. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA coupled with a Bonferroni post-hoc test on GraphPad Prism 8 software. Cd and Ni ions showed the most well-defined trends with Langmuir isotherm model. The binding of ions was physico-chemical with simultaneously occurring physisorption and tchemisorption reactions. Conclusions: Probability Isotherm theory can be applied to multi-ion biosorption in non-equilibrium conditions. The behavior of each ion is unique and no two biosorption systems are alike.

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38

Scrima, Rosella, Sabino Fugetto, Nazzareno Capitanio, and Domenico L. Gatti. "On the Origin of Hemoglobin Cooperativity under Non-equilibrium Conditions." Discoveries 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.15190/d.2022.5.

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Abnormal hemoglobins can have major consequences for tissue delivery of oxygen. Correct diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies with altered oxygen affinity requires a determination of hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve, which relates the hemoglobin oxygen saturation to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Determination of the oxygen dissociation curve of human hemoglobin is typically carried out under conditions in which hemoglobin is in equilibrium with O2 at each partial pressure. However, in the human body due to the fast transit of red blood cells through tissues hemoglobin oxygen exchanges occur under nonequilibrium conditions. We describe the determination of non-equilibrium oxygen dissociation curve and show that under these conditions the true nature of hemoglobin cooperativity is revealed as emerging solely from the consecutive binding of oxygen to each one of the four subunits of hemoglobin until the entire tetramer is saturated. We call this form of cooperativity the sequential cooperativity of hemoglobin and define the simplest model that includes it as the minimalist model of hemoglobin. A single instantiation of this model accounts for ~70% of hemoglobin cooperativity under non-equilibrium conditions. The total cooperativity of hemoglobin can be viewed more correctly as the summation of two instantiations of the minimalist model (each one corresponding to a tetramer of low and high affinity for O2, respectively) in equilibrium with each other, as in the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model of hemoglobin. In addition to offering new insights on the nature of hemoglobin reaction with oxygen, the methodology described here for the determination of hemoglobin non-equilibrium oxygen dissociation curve provides a simple, fast, low-cost alternative to complex spectrophotometric methods, which is expected to be particularly valuable in regions where hemoglobinopathies are a significant public health problem, but where highly specialized laboratories capable of determining a traditional oxygen dissociation curve are not easily accessible.

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39

Gaikwad, Prakash, Raghunathan Srianand, Vikram Khaire, and Tirthankar Roy Choudhury. "Effect of non-equilibrium ionization on derived physical conditions of the high-z intergalactic medium." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 1588–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2692.

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ABSTRACT Non-equilibrium ionization effects are important in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations but are computationally expensive. We study the effect of non-equilibrium ionization evolution and UV ionizing background (UVB) generated with different quasar spectral energy distribution (SED) on the derived physical conditions of the intergalactic medium at 2 ≤ z ≤ 6 using our post-processing tool ‘Code for Ionization and Temperature Evolution’ (cite). cite produces results matching well with self-consistent simulations more efficiently. The He ii reionization progresses more rapidly in non-equilibrium model compared to equilibrium models. The redshift of He ii reionization strongly depends on the quasar SED and occurs earlier for UVB models with flatter quasar SEDs. During this epoch, the normalization of temperature–density relation, T0(z), has a maximum while the slope, γ(z), has a minimum, but occurring at different redshifts. The T0 is higher in non-equilibrium models using UVB obtained with flatter quasar SEDs. While our models produce the observed median He ii effective optical depth evolution and its scatter for equilibrium and non-equilibrium considerations, to explain the observed cumulative distributions we may need to consider fluctuating UVB. For a given UVB model, the redshift dependence of the H i photoionization rate derived from the observed H i effective optical depth (τeff, H i) for the equilibrium model is different from that for the non-equilibrium model. This may lead to different requirements on the evolution of ionizing emissivities of sources. We show that, in the absence of strong differential pressure smoothing effects, it is possible to recover the T0 and γ realized in non-equilibrium model from the equilibrium models generated by rescaling photoheating rates while producing the same τeff, H i.

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40

Frolova, L. A., and A. A. Pivovarov. "CONDITIONS OF OBTAINING OF MAGNETITE USING CONTACT NON-EQUILIBRIUM PLASMA." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Technical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2019): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5941/2019.5-2/14.

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41

Mangla, Onkar, and Savita Roy. "Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Fabricated under Extremely Non-Equilibrium Plasma Conditions." Solid State Phenomena 287 (February 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.287.75.

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In the present work, extremely non-equilibrium, high temperature and high density argon plasma is used for producing ions from pellet of zinc oxide (ZnO) fitted on top of anode. These ions along with energetic argon ions move vertically upward in a fountain like structure in post focus phase of plasma dynamics and material ions get deposited on the glass substrates placed at 4.0 cm from anode top. This process of production of material ions from ZnO pellet leads to nucleation and nanostructures formation with one and two bursts of focused plasma. The surface morphology studied using scanning electron microscopy shows the formation of nanostructures with mean size about 8 nm. The structural properties of nanostructures in X-ray diffraction pattern show [100] and [002] planes of hexagonal ZnO. Photoluminescence studies show peaks related to defect transitions. The band-gap of nanostructures found from Tauc plot is smaller than that of the bulk ZnO. The resultant morphological, structural and optical properties of nanostructures suggest the possible applications in visible optoelectronic devices.

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42

Shi, D. W., J. Y. Huang, and C. W. Lung. "Scaling Properties of Interfaces in Crystals under Non-Equilibrium Conditions." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 66, no. 3 (March 15, 1997): 908–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.66.908.

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43

Gan, Fuxi. "Crystallization dynamics of chalcogenide glass films under non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 256-257 (October 1999): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00530-x.

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44

Petot-Ervas, G., and C. Petot. "Oxide solid electrolytes under non-equilibrium conditions — Interfaces and ageing." Ionics 11, no. 3-4 (May 2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02430375.

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45

Armao, Joseph J., and Jean-Marie Lehn. "Adaptive Chemical Networks under Non-Equilibrium Conditions: The Evaporating Droplet." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 43 (October 4, 2016): 13450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606546.

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46

Armao, Joseph J., and Jean-Marie Lehn. "Adaptive Chemical Networks under Non-Equilibrium Conditions: The Evaporating Droplet." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 43 (September 26, 2016): 13648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201606546.

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47

Pendolino, Flavio. "Thermal study on decomposition of LiBH4 at non-isothermal and non-equilibrium conditions." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 112, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2662-2.

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48

Ben-Shebil, Salem, Aslı Alkan-Sungur, and Ahmet R. Özdural. "Fixed-bed ion exchange columns operating under non-equilibrium conditions: Estimation of mass transfer properties via non-equilibrium modeling." Reactive and Functional Polymers 67, no. 12 (December 2007): 1540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.07.040.

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49

Orgogozo, L., F. Golfier, and M. A. Buès. "Upscaling of transport processes in porous media with biofilms in equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions." Applicable Analysis 88, no. 10-11 (October 2009): 1579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036810902913862.

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50

Israelachvili, Jacob. "Differences between non-specific and bio-specific, and between equilibrium and non-equilibrium, interactions in biological systems." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 38, no. 4 (November 2005): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583506004203.

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Biological interactions are ‘processes’ 331Intermolecular forces involved 332Synergy between different forces occurring at different locations 333Non-equilibrium, rate and time-dependent interactions 335Reversible and irreversible interactions 337The interaction forces between biological molecules and surfaces are much more complex than those between non-biological molecules or surfaces, such as colloidal particle surfaces. This complexity is due to a number of factors: (i) the simultaneous involvement of many different molecules and different non-covalent forces – van der Waals, electrostatic, solvation (hydration, hydrophobic), steric, entropic and ‘specific’, and (ii) the flexibility of biological macromolecules and fluidity of membranes. Biological interactions are better thought of as ‘processes’ that evolve in space and time and, under physiological conditions, involve a continuous input of energy. Such systems are, therefore, not at thermodynamic equilibrium, or even tending towards equilibrium. Recent surface forces apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements on supported model membrane systems (protein-containing lipid bilayers) illustrate these effects. It is suggested that the major theoretical challenge is to establish manageable theories or models that can describe the spatial and time evolution of systems consisting of different molecules subject to certain starting conditions or energy inputs.

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