Journal articles on the topic 'Non-biological mothers'
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Di Battista, Silvia, Marco Salvati, Irem Ertan, and Monica Pivetti. "Attitudes toward “Non-Traditional” Mothers: Examining the Antecedents of Mothers’ Competence Perceptions." Social Sciences 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11110495.
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Mothers are the protagonists in a widespread narrative that emphasizes motherhood as prolonged and exclusive attention to children, accompanied by references to natural competence in child-rearing skills. The present research aimed to investigate the linking mechanisms and conditional processes underlying the perception of mothers’ competence. Cisgender heterosexual Italian participants (N = 230) read one of four vignettes describing a situation in which a mother (i.e., heterosexual biological mother, heterosexual stepmothers, lesbian stepmother, and lesbian biological mother) interacts with her two children who had misbehaved. After reading the vignette, the participants rated the depicted mother’s competence and to what extent the children’s misbehaviour was attributable to the mother. Moderated-mediation analyses indicated that all the non-traditional mothers were perceived as being less competent compared to the heterosexual biological mother, by giving them greater responsibility for their children’s misbehaviour, among participants with medium–high levels of traditional gender-role beliefs. Sexual orientation and biology relatedness were not cumulative variables, but intersecting categories creating a unique way to perceive mothers. As the number of non-traditional families grows, negative societal attitudes toward non-traditional parents and their children should be increasingly considered.
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Sjöberg, Magdalena, and Hanna Bertilsdotter-Rosqvist. "Who is the mother? Exploring the meaning of grandparental support in young Swedish mothers’ narratives." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353516685343.
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Within the western understanding of a nuclear family and the idea of good motherhood, the need for grandparental support is commonly viewed as an expression of deficient motherhood. Young mothers are often seen as incapable of maternal practices and as being in need of support from their extended family. An alternative view is that too much support might result in the grandmothers taking on the role of mother. This paper explores research around the ambivalent meanings of grandparental support in young Swedish mothers’ narratives. In this research, we identified three repertoires: inhibiting, being-there-no-matter-what and responsibility. Mothers who were following their expected life course achieved a subject position as a “real mother” within a functioning nuclear family. Mothers deviating from their expected life course achieved a subject position as either a “mother in becoming” with a functional and supportive extended family or as a “real mother” with a dysfunctional and non-supportive extended family. In the case of young mothers who are seen as insufficient, motherhood might become negotiable and fluid between the biological mother and the young mother’s own mother.
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Swarnananda, K. G., and Thilina Indrajie Wickramaarachchi. "“What is to be a ‘Mother’?”—An Exposition of “Non-biological Mothers” in Literary Texts." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n1p75.
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<p>This paper investigates the identity formation of “non-biological mothers” in a sample of texts which include primarily “The Caucasian Chalk Circle” by Bertolt Brecht, “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Brontë and “Eveline” by James Joyce. Three characters are selected from the works who perform the role of “mother” at different levels for children who are “biologically” not their own. In Brecht’s play, Grusha cares for the child that is left by his own mother. In Bronte’s novel, Nelly Dean looks after both Hareton and Junior Catherine, children who have lost their “biological” mother, as well as Heathcliff who is brought to the house as an orphan. In Joyce’s short story, Eveline performs the role of mother and remains in Dublin defying her boyfriend’s attempts to take her away to possible happiness in a faraway land. In the study, these three figures and their role as “mother” are the primary focus. However, characters such as the first wife of Okonkwo in “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achabe and Anna-Maria in “A Doll’s House” by Henrik Ibsen are also be examined to understand how women who have their own children, become committed towards children who are “biologically” not their own. The study elucidates the way this role of “non-biological mother” is constructed in various literary contexts and more specifically how these “non-biological mothers” are not recognized and their love regarded as subservient to the “love” of the “biological mother”. A textual analysis of texts is used to interpret these characters in their specific literary settings. In this manner, the study promotes a re-reading of the role of “non-biological mothers” and re-interprets the socio-political implications of the role of “mother” as well as the concept of “motherhood”.</p>
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Sitorus, Riris, Grace Erlyn Damayanti` S, Diah Evawanna Anuhgerah, Nikmah Jalilah Ritonga, and Raisha Octavariny. "PEMBERIAN KOMPRES KENTANG TERHADAP MASTITIS NON INFEKSI PADA IBU MENYUSUI." JURNAL KEBIDANAN KESTRA (JKK) 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35451/jkk.v3i2.595.
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the baby and affects the biological health of both mother and baby. However, the breastfeeding process could be hampered due to problems, one of which was mastitis. Mastitis occured due to the narrowing of the lactiferous ducts in the breast and the mother may have flat, sunken or immersed nipples. So that the breasts become swollen, painful when pressed so that the mother feels breast discomfort. The impact of mastitis greatly affected the health of both mother and baby. The mother would felt pain during breastfeeding so that she could experience high fever. Whereas in infants the need for breast milk was not optimal from the content of the milk. One of the efforts that could be done to overcome the occurrence of mastitis in nursing mothers was by applying a potato compress. This study aimed to determined the effect of potato compresses on non-infectious mastitis in nursing mothers. The research method used was pre-experiment (quasi-experimental) using the one group pre-test-post test technique. The population of this study were breastfeeding mothers with non-infectious mastitis with a sample size of 10 people with a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that using the Paired Sample T-Test analysis test obtained a p-value of 0.000 <α = 0.05, it can be concluded that there was an effect of Potato Compress on Non-Infectious Mastitis in Breastfeeding Mothers. It is recommended that health workers provide information for breastfeeding mothers about potato compresses to treat non-infectious mastitis.
Keywords: Potato compress; non-infectious mastitis.
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Duggan, Joan, Henry Okonta, and Joana Chakraborty. "Transmission of Moloney murine leukemia virus (ts-1) by breast milk." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82015-0.
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A murine model has been developed to study maternal transmission of the temperature-sensitive Moloney murine leukemia virus (ts-1). The goal of this study was to confirm early and late mother-to-offspring transmission of the virus and demonstrate transmission via breast milk. A series of six experiments was performed using six groups of BALB/c mice. Group 1 consisted of pups born to ts-1-infected mothers removed at birth to suckle from surrogate uninfected mothers. Groups 2 and 5 consisted of pups born to ts-1-infected mothers that suckled from ts-1-infected mothers (surrogate and biological). Group 3 consisted of non-infected pups removed at birth to suckle from ts-1-infected mothers. Groups 4 and 6 consisted of non-infected pups suckled from non-infected mothers. The combined in utero, intrapartum and breast-milk infection rate was 100 % to the offspring (groups 2 and 5). The in utero to early post-partum group (group 1) had an infection rate of 78 %. Breast milk alone (group 3) resulted in a 97 % infection rate. Control groups (groups 4 and 6) had a 0 % infection rate. The relative frequency of maternal CD4+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was consistently lower in infected mothers, whilst offspring did not show a significant decrease in CD4+ frequency. Pups infected via breast milk had a lower CD4+ frequency (group 3) than those infected by the uterine and/or intrapartum route (group 1). Breast milk from ts-1-infected mothers appears to be highly infectious for neonatal BALB/c mice.
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Koirala, P., R. Subba, and M. Lopchan. "Psychosocial problems among the school children of working and non- working mothers." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i3.16699.
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Adolescence is the period in human development during which several dramatic changes at biological, social, psychological and cognitive levels take place. The objective of this study was to find out psychosocial problems among school children of working and non-working mothers. A descriptive comparative research design and Probability Stratified Random sampling technique was applied in which 120 (60 working and 60 non working mothers’) school students of grade 9 and 10 selected from two Government Higher Secondary Schools of Bharatpur. Structured questionnaire and Youth Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (YPSC-17) were administered. Data was analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 20 and Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test and chi-square test were applied. This study showed that school children of non working mothers’ (11.7%) had slightly more psychosocial problems than working mothers’ (8.3%). Male respondents of non working mothers experienced more psychosocial problems (29.4 %) than female (4.7%). Prevalence of psychosocial problems was found among school children of both working and non working mothers but there is no association between the psychosocial problems and employment status of mothers. Thus maternal employment status is not the exclusive reason behind the development of psychosocial problems among school children.
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Meadows, Sarah O. "The Association Between Perceptions of Social Support and Maternal Mental Health: A Cumulative Perspective." Journal of Family Issues 32, no. 2 (July 12, 2010): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x10375064.
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The question of how to best measure family processes so that longitudinal experiences within the family are accurately captured has become an important issue for family scholars. Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 2,158), this article focuses on the association between trajectories of perceived supportiveness from biological fathers and mothers’ mental health problems 5 years after a birth. The relationship status between mothers and biological fathers is significantly related to her perceptions of his supportiveness, with married mothers reporting the highest levels of supportiveness followed by mothers in cohabiting unions, romantic non-coresidential unions, and, finally, mothers not in a romantic relationship. Controlling for both time-varying and time-invariant maternal and relationship characteristics, a positive slope of perceived supportiveness from biological fathers is associated with fewer subsequent mental health problems 5 years after the birth. The discussion calls attention to alternate modeling strategies for longitudinal family experiences.
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FUSTER, VICENTE, PILAR ZULUAGA, S. E. COLANTONIO, and J. ROMÁN-BUSTO. "REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN SPAIN: BIOLOGICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 1 (February 14, 2014): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000030.
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SummaryThe geographic and demographic dimensions of Spain, in terms of surface and number of inhabitants, and its heterogeneous socioeconomic development offer an adequate opportunity to study the provincial differences in birth weight from 1996 to 2010, focusing on possible factors determining the relative frequency of low birth weight. The study analysed geographic differences with regard to biological, demographic and socioeconomic factors that interfere with the female reproductive pattern. The variables considered here were: birth order, proportion of premature deliveries, mother's age, multiparity, mother's country of origin and professional qualifications. Two periods (1996–2000 and 2006–2010) were compared by means of principal components analysis. An increase in the relative frequency of deliveries weighing less than 2500 g occurred in most of the 52 geographic units studied, differences being significant in 42. Only in five cases was there a non-significant reduction in the proportion of low weight births. The first component after principal component analysis indicated that low birth weight was positively related to maternal age and to multiple deliveries, and negatively to the mother's low professional qualification. The second component related positively to the incidence of premature deliveries and to non-Spanish status and negatively in the case of primiparous mothers. The progressive increase in low birth weight incidence observed in Spain from 1996 onwards has occurred with considerable variation in each province. In part, this diversity can be attributed to the unequal reproductive patterns of immigrant mothers.
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Henry, Vickie L. "A Tale of Three Women: A Survey of the Rights and Responsibilities of Unmarried Women Who Conceive by Alternative Insemination and a Model for Legislative Reform." American Journal of Law & Medicine 19, no. 3 (1993): 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006183.
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Courts in a number of jurisdictions have recently confronted questions of legal parentage concerning children conceived by alternative insemination. Typically, the biological mother is contesting the right of either the sperm donor or a non-biological co-parent to custody or visitation. This Note surveys the current state of the law and demonstrates a lack of protection for the rights of unmarried biological mothers and their co-parents. This Note then proposes a new paradigm for establishing the parties’ rights and obligations, one that reflects the parties’ pre-insemination, mutual intent regarding parenting responsibilities and encourages legal acknowledgement of and protection for the families people are creating with the help of AI.
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Juffer, Femmie, and Lizette G. Rosenboom. "Infant-Mother Attachment of Internationally Adopted Children in the Netherlands." International Journal of Behavioral Development 20, no. 1 (January 1997): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597385469.
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In the Netherlands, 80 mothers and their infants, adopted from Sri Lanka, South Korea and Colombia, were observed at home at 6 and 12 months to rate the adoptive mother’ssensitivity, and in the Strange Situation at 12 and 18 months to assess the infant-mother attachment relationship. All inter-racially adopted infants were placed before the age of 6 months, with a mean age of 11 weeks, in adoptive families with or without biological children. Coded with Ainsworth’sclassification scheme the results reveal 74% secure attachment relationships, a percentage comparable to that of normative studies. The results indicate no differences regarding the child’scountry of origin, or the (non)presence of biological children. The results contradict findings from a study that revealed an over-representation of insecure infant-mother attachment relationships in a sample of American mothers with an interracially adopted infant. In the current study the adoptive mother’ssensitivity seems comparable to the sensitivity of nonadoptive mothers, a finding that concurs with the attachment results. It is suggested that the outcomes in this study may be partly explained by the fact that these infants were placed for adoption at a rather young age, with relatively favourable circumstances prior to the placement. This may well indicate that adoption placement per se, without the cumulative effects of understimulation and lack of personal affection that older placed children often experience in institutions, does not inevitably lead to a disturbed parent-infant relationship.
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Ismail, Rizabuana, and Harisa Putri. "A Foster Mother Can be a “Biological Mother” in Raising Neglected Children by Applying Family Based-Care in Yayasan SOS Children’s Village, Indonesia." JPPUMA Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2022): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v10i1.6711.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the family-based care model at the Yayasan SOS Children's Village, Indonesia. SOS Children's Village is a non-governmental organization engaged in family-based care for those who have lost the love and care of their nuclear family. This study uses a descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach by interviewing six foster mothers and other 36 respondents who live in the SOS Children's Village. The results of this study indicate that the family-based care model is considered very appropriate to be applied to neglected children. Foster mothers are women who replace the role of biological parents in providing family function. The SOS family is formed without any blood ties. The relationship between foster mothers and children is very intimate as if they were biological families. Sociologically, the function of the family is carried out well in this foundation, although this function is only received by children from a foster mother and the foundation. This paper concludes that the family-based care implemented by the SOS Children Village Foundation is very good in educating neglected children so that they can shape the character of children who are religious, polite, and independent.
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van Houdt, Kirsten, Matthijs Kalmijn, and Katya Ivanova. "Perceptions of Closeness in Adult Parent–Child Dyads: Asymmetry in the Context of Family Complexity." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 10 (August 10, 2020): 2219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa122.
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Abstract Objectives Multi-actor data show that parents’ and adult children’s evaluations of their relation do not necessarily match. We studied disagreement in parent- and child-reported closeness, comparing parent–child dyads involving separated parents, non-separated parents, and stepparents to shed new light on today’s diverse landscape of adult parent–child relations. Method Using data from the Parents and Children in the Netherlands (OKiN) survey, we analyzed closeness in parent–child dyads (N = 4,602) comparing (step)parents’ and their adult children’s (aged 25–45) reports. To distinguish directional disagreement (i.e., differences in child- and parent-reported means) from nondirectional disagreement (i.e., the association between child- and parent-reported measures), while accounting for absolute levels of closeness, we estimated log-linear models. Results All types of parents tend to report higher levels of closeness than their children. Whereas parental overreport is more prevalent among biological father–child dyads than among biological mother–child dyads, we found no differences between biological dyads and stepdyads. The association between children’s and parents’ reports is higher among dyads involving stepmothers or married mothers than among those involving separated mothers and (step)fathers. Discussion The intergenerational stake (i.e., parental overreport) is not unique to biological parent–child relations. Instead, patterns of disagreement seem most strongly stratified by gender.
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Dessì, Angelica, Despina Briana, Sara Corbu, Stavroula Gavrili, Flaminia Cesare Marincola, Sofia Georgantzi, Roberta Pintus, Vassilios Fanos, and Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner. "Metabolomics of Breast Milk: The Importance of Phenotypes." Metabolites 8, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo8040079.
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Breast milk is the gold standard of nutrition for newborns. Its composition is tailored to the nutritional needs of the infant and varies between mothers. In recent years, several bioactive molecules have been discovered in addition to the main nutrients, such as multipotent stem cells, hormones, immunoglobulins, and bacteria. Furthermore, the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) seem to exert several important protective biological functions. According to the HMOs’ composition, breast milk can be classified as a secretory or non-secretory phenotype. In our study, we investigated the metabolome of milk collected from 58 mothers that delivered neonates at term, that were appropriate, small or large for gestational age, by performing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). From the data analysis, two groups were distinguished based on their different types of oligosaccharides, and classified according the mother phenotype: secretory and non-secretory. This information is of major importance given the different biological function of the different HMOs, such as immune-modulation and protection against disease. This would allow us to predict whether the neonate would be, for instance, more prone to developing certain diseases, and to tailor her or his nutrition to fit their needs perfectly and pave the way to a personalized nutrition.
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Dessie, Habtamu. "Determinate of diarrhea among under-five children in Northwest Ethiopia." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss5.3074.
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This study aimed to assess the determinants of diarrhea among children under-five in Jabitehnan district, Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was done using a cluster sampling technique. The study was done in the Jabitehnan district from April to July 2019. The study was done among women who had children under five during the survey who settled in Jabitehnan district. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of diarrhea. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diarrhea. The prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 19.8%. The child lived with whose non-biological mothers were 32.44 times more likely to be exposed to diarrhea compared to the child who lived with whose biological mothers. The odds of being diarrheal for a child whose mother does not wash her hand after latrine was 7.91 times higher than its counterpart. A child whose mother pregnant was 5.66 times higher risk of developing diarrhea than whose mother do not pregnant. The likelihood of diarrhea for children drinking unprotected water were14.1times higher than its counterpart. The magnitude of reported diarrhea was high. Child age, residence, drinking water, pregnant mother, toilet facility, washing hand after latrine, and child live with whom were the main determinates of diarrhea. Addressing these factors will help to prevent future morbidity and mortality of children and will assist in alleviating hygiene and refining their quality of life. Moreover, a trend-based sampling design might be considered for a better understanding.
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Anggarini, Inge Anggi. "The effectiveness of postpartum exercise to increase the quality of life score of postpartum mothers." Jurnal Delima Harapan 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31935/delima.v8i1.119.
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Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum are dramatic episodes of the biological conditions, psychological changes and adaptations of a woman who has experienced them. Complex physical and emotional changes make a mother-to-be need adaptation to lifestyle adjustments related to pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The adjustment process may work but some may not work so that the mother-to-be can experience psychological disorders with various symptoms or syndromes. There are several efforts that can be made to improve the quality of life for postpartum mothers, including postpartum exercise. The aims: to analyze the effectiveness of postpartum exercise to increase the quality of life score of postpartum mothers. The Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-posttest control group design. Sampling taken by consecutive sampling. Results: The results showed that there were significant mean differences in the quality of life scores between the treatment group and the control group (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study are expected to make a positive contribution to the science of midwifery as a non-pharmacological effort to improve the quality of life for postpartum mothers and to support government efforts to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity.
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Puthussery, Shuby, Leah Li, Pei-Ching Tseng, Lesley Kilby, Jogesh Kapadia, Thomas Puthusserry, and Amardeep Thind. "Ethnic variations in risk of preterm birth in an ethnically dense socially disadvantaged area in the UK: a retrospective cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e023570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023570.
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ObjectiveTo investigate ethnic variations in risk of preterm birth (PTB), including extreme preterm birth (EPTB) and moderately preterm birth (MPTB), among mothers in an ethnically dense, socially disadvantaged area, and to examine whether any variations were dependent of area deprivation and maternal biological and behavioural factors.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.SettingA large UK National Health Service maternity unit.Participants46 307 women who gave singleton births between April 2007 and March 2016.Outcome measuresPTB defined as <37 weeks of gestation and further classified into EPTB (<28 weeks of gestation) and MPTB (28 to <37 weeks of gestation).ResultsOverall prevalence of PTB was higher (8.3%) compared with the national average (7.8%). Black Caribbean (2.2%) and black African (2.0%) mothers had higher absolute risk of EPTB than white British mothers (1.3%), particularly black Caribbean mothers whose relative risk ratio (RRR) was nearly twice after adjustment for all covariates (RRR=1.93[1.20 to 3.10]). Excess relative risk of EPTB among black African mothers became non-significant after adjustment for prenatal behavioural factors (RRR=1.41[0.99 to 2.01]). Bangladeshi mothers had the lowest absolute risk of EPTB (0.6%), substantially lower than white British mothers (1.3%); the difference in relative risk remained significant after adjustment for area deprivation (RRR=0.59[0.36 to 0.96]), but became non-significant after adjustment for maternal biological factors. Changes were evident in the relative risk of EPTB and MPTB among some ethnic groups compared with the white British on adjustment for different covariates.ConclusionsHigher than national rates of PTB point to the need for evidence-based antenatal and neonatal care programmes to support preterm babies and their families in ethnically dense socially disadvantaged areas. Differential impact of area deprivation and the role of modifiable behavioural factors highlight the need for targeted preventive interventions for groups at risk.
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Roe, Amy, Laura Bridges, Judy Dunn, and Thomas G. O'Connor. "Young children's representations of their families: A longitudinal follow-up study of family drawings by children living in different family settings." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 6 (November 2006): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406072898.
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Family drawings of 166 children aged 7 years (97 boys and 69 girls, age range 6.7–7.9 years), living in various family settings–stepfather, single-parent, complex stepfamilies and non-step control families–were investigated; longitudinal data were available for 119. The exclusion of family members and the grouping of parents were examined in relation to family type, biological relatedness and residency. Longitudinal analyses showed consistency in familial representations and predictions of child adjustment over time, validating the measure. Children from step and single-parent families were more likely to exclude family members than children from non-stepfamilies. Half and step-siblings were more likely to be excluded than full siblings. Non-resident family members were more likely to be excluded than resident members. Children biologically related to both resident parents were more likely to group their parents together. Omission of resident siblings or biological father, and drawing mother alone were associated with poorer adjustment as reported by mothers. Omission of resident siblings added predictive power to adjustment. These findings indicate that certain obvious and easily-coded features of family drawings may be an empirically supported and useful research and clinical tool.
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Siira, Virva, Karl-Erik Wahlberg, Jouko Miettunen, Pekka Tienari, and Kristian Làksy. "Differentiation of adoptees at high versus low genetic risk for schizophrenia by adjusted MMPI indices." European Psychiatry 21, no. 4 (June 2006): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.01.007.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to find potential signs of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The differences between adoptees at high genetic risk for schizophrenia (their biological mother had a schizophrenia spectrum disorder) and control adoptees of non-schizophrenia spectrum biological mothers were assessed. The comparisons between these groups were based on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) test's subscale scores adjusted by gender, age at MMPI assessment, age at placement into the adoptive family and social class. The subjects were a subsamples of a total of 182 tested adoptees and 136 mentally healthy adoptees in the Finnish Adoptive Family Study. The high-risk group was found to be distinguishable from the low-risk group based on deviant scores on the Hostility, Hypomania and Lie scales. These scales may measure genetic vulnerability and also possibly be indicative of psychometric deviance predicting future onset of schizophrenia.
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Taglialatela, Jared P., Lisa Reamer, Steven J. Schapiro, and William D. Hopkins. "Social learning of a communicative signal in captive chimpanzees." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (March 21, 2012): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0113.
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The acquisition of linguistic competency from more experienced social partners is a fundamental aspect of human language. However, there is little evidence that non-human primates learn to use their vocalizations from social partners. Captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) produce idiosyncratic vocal signals that are used intentionally to capture the attention of a human experimenter. Interestingly, not all apes produce these sounds, and it is unclear what factors explain this difference. We tested the hypothesis that these attention-getting (AG) sounds are socially learned via transmission between mothers and their offspring. We assessed 158 chimpanzees to determine if they produced AG sounds. A significant association was found between mother and offspring sound production. This association was attributable to individuals who were raised by their biological mother—as opposed to those raised by humans in a nursery environment. These data support the hypothesis that social learning plays a role in the acquisition and use of communicative vocal signals in chimpanzees.
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Pratiwi, Putu Irma, Ova Emilia, and Farida Kartini. "THE EFFECT OF ANEMIA ON THE INCIDENCE OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE (PROM) IN KERTHA USADA HOSPITAL, SINGARAJA, BALI." Belitung Nursing Journal 4, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.391.
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Background: Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) causes morbidity and mortality complications in both maternal and perinatal. Pregnancy with anemia where low hemoglobin level which is less than 11.1 g / dL can be the cause of PROM through biological mechanisms and mechanisms of disease.Objective: This study aims to compare the risk of PROM between anemic maternal mothers and non-anemic maternal mothers.Methods: A case-control study was conducted on the maternal mothers at KerthaUsadaSingaraja Bali Hospital, with 106 cases and 106 controls, using maternity medical records data in January-December 2016. The cases and controls were adjusted to the parity. The data were collected using questionnaires consisting of 2 parts: the first part was about the demographic characteristics, and the second part was about the time of membrane rupture and hemoglobin level at the delivery. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistics on the computer program.Result: On univariable analysis, the prevalence of PROM equalled to 28,3% in maternal anemia group. In bivariableanalysis, the risk factors of were anemia status, maternal activity, and maternal age (p <0.05). A multivariable analysis of conditional logistic regression analysis, controlling the possibility of confounding factors, showed that pregnant women with anemia would be at risk of PROM 3.59 times greater than non-anemic mothers (OR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.82-7, 09).Conclusion: The risk of PROM is higher in anemic maternal mothers than in non-anemic mothers, after homogenising with parity variables.
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Azuma, Dara, and Jill Maron. "53746 Body Composition and Metabolic Profiles in Infants of Diabetic Mothers (IDM) as Predictors of Hunger Signaling Gene Expression." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.756.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This study aims to advance the understanding of the biological mechanisms associated with feeding disturbances in infants born to diabetic mothers through non-invasive salivary gene expression analyses and body composition measurements at birth. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To determine if non-invasive salivary gene expression analyses and body composition measurements at birth could elucidate biological mechanisms associated with aberrant feeding behaviors and disrupted metabolic profiles commonly seen in infants born to diabetic mothers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This prospective cohort study enrolls subjects born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation without a history of intrauterine growth restriction or major congenital anomalies. The diabetic cohort is defined as infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome is salivary expression of the hunger signaling genes, AMPK and NPY2R. Secondary outcomes include infant body composition measurements, obtained by skinfold measurement and/or air displacement plethysmography, and salivary expression of the adipokines, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin. Multiple logistic regression will be used to determine which factors are associated with AMPK and NPY2R expression. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We propose that poor oral intake seen in infants of diabetic mothers may be due to alterations in the expression of hunger signaling genes (decreased expression of AMPK; increased expression of NPY2R) resulting in a diminished feeding drive in these large for gestational age infants. In addition, infant adiposity and the expression of genes involved in the adipoinsular axis will be inversely proportional to feeding volume intake. Namely, increased neonatal fat mass will be associated with increased expression of leptin and decreased expression of ghrelin and adiponectin. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Infants of diabetic mothers are at higher risk of poor oral feeding in the newborn period. This study aims to elucidate the link between neonatal body composition, adipoinsular axis, and hunger signaling to explain this unique feeding phenotype.
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Rajendran, Rithika, Febe Renjitha Suman, Reddy Salmon Sudheer Raj, Paidipamula Rajesh Kanna, and Naga Raju Borra. "Umbilical Cord Blood Hemogram: What Is the Effect of Maternal Anemia?" Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4536.4536.
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Abstract Introduction: Umbilical cord blood (UCB), a source of hematopoietic stem cells, represents neonatal blood and reflects the health of the newborn to a great extent. Establishing biological reference intervals is essential to discard samples before submitting for expensive investigations and storage. Also neonatal anemia has to be recognised early. Hence this study is undertaken to establish a biological reference interval for the UCB hemogram and to study the effect of maternal anemia on the fetus. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in two steps after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. In each step, 100 full term infants with normal birth weight and APGAR score delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery were enrolled. In the first step, the mothers had hemoglobin (Hb) above 12 g/dL and no co-morbid conditions. In the second step, maternal hemoglobin cut offs of 12 g/dL and 10.9 g/dL were established. UCB was collected after clamping the cord in a K₂-EDTA evacuated tube. The blood was processed in Beckman Coulter LH 780 hematology analyzer. Delta check and manual count of RBC precursors was done by peripheral smear and reticulocyte count. Data was analysed using SPSS IBM statistics software version 19. The RBC parameters (RBC count, Hb, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW)) and RBC precursors between groups were compared. The changes according to the grade of anemia were analysed and compared with the biological reference interval. The maternal Hb was grouped in 1 g/dL differences and the Hb in the UCB of the respective neonates was correlated. Results: The biological reference interval for UCB hemogram was established. No significant difference was found in the RBC parameters in the UCB of neonates born to anemic and non-anemic mothers. Reticulocyte parameters namely reticulocyte count, absolute reticulocyte count, reticulocyte index and reticulocyte proliferation index showed significant increase in the UCB of neonates born to anemic mothers. No significant difference was found in the nucleated RBC (nRBC) count between the groups. When compared to the biological reference interval, MCH and MCHC were lower and reticulocyte parameters were higher in the UCB of neonates born to anemic mothers. A significant positive Pearson correlation was found between cord blood Hb and maternal Hb. Discussion: Through the UCB Hb correlated positively with maternal Hb, it has been found that maternal anemia does not cause fetal anemia. This may be due to high iron transfer from mother to fetus and maximally stimulated erythropoiesis at the end of gestation. However, significantly low MCH and MCHC values were seen in the UCB of neonates born to anemic mothers in comparison with the biological reference interval. This may be due to early decreased hemoglobin content within the cell which is compensated by the high RBC count. This is further confirmed by the significant elevation of reticulocyte parameters in the UCB of neonates born to anemic mothers. Conclusion: Maternal anemia depending on the severity causes chronic hypoxia so that the fetal bone marrow reacts to the effect of erythropoietin by increased erythropoiesis and RBC precursor release. Severe maternal anemia may cause neonatal anemia which needs further ferrokinetic studies. Maternal anemia in developing countries needs to be corrected. Also the biological reference interval established serves as a tool for neonatologists, transplant hematologists and future studies in UCB. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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BARTINGTON, S. E., C. PECKHAM, D. BROWN, H. JOSHI, and C. DEZATEUX. "Feasibility of collecting oral fluid samples in the home setting to determine seroprevalence of infections in a large-scale cohort of preschool-aged children." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000927.
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SUMMARYOral fluid is a non-invasive biological sample, which can be returned by post, making it suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies in children. We report our experience of oral fluid collection from 14 373 preschool-aged children in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Samples were collected by mothers in the home setting following the guidance of trained interviewers, and posted to the laboratory. Samples were received from 11 698 children (81·4%). Children whose mothers were of Black Caribbean ethnicity and who lived in non-English-speaking households were less likely to provide a sample, and those with a maternal history of asthma more likely to provide a sample [adjusted risk ratio (95% CI) 0·85 (0·73–0·98), 0·87 (0·77–0·98) and 1·03 (1·00–1·05) respectively]. Collection of oral fluid samples is feasible and acceptable in large-scale child cohort studies. Formal interpreter support may be required to increase participation rates in surveys that collect biological samples from ethnic minorities.
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Thoene, Melissa, Haley Haskett, Jeremy Furtado, Maranda Thompson, Matthew Van Ormer, Corrine Hanson, and Ann Anderson-Berry. "Effect of Maternal Retinol Status at Time of Term Delivery on Retinol Placental Concentration, Intrauterine Transfer Rate, and Newborn Retinol Status." Biomedicines 8, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090321.
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Retinol (vitamin A) is essential, so the objective of this Institutional Review Board approved study is to evaluate retinol placental concentration, intrauterine transfer, and neonatal status at time of term delivery between cases of maternal retinol adequacy, insufficiency, and deficiency in a United States population. Birth information and biological samples were collected for mother–infant dyads (n = 260). Maternal and umbilical cord blood retinol concentrations (n = 260) were analyzed by HPLC and categorized: deficient (≤0.7 umol/L), insufficient (>0.7–1.05 umol/L), adequate (>1.05 umol/L). Intrauterine transfer rate was calculated: (umbilical cord blood retinol concentration/maternal retinol concentration) × 100. Non-parametric statistics used include Spearman’s correlations, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. p-values <0.05 were statistically significant. Only 51.2% of mothers were retinol adequate, with 38.4% insufficient, 10.4% deficient. Only 1.5% of infants were retinol adequate. Placental concentrations (n = 73) differed between adequate vs. deficient mothers (median 0.13 vs. 0.10 μg/g; p = 0.003). Umbilical cord blood concentrations were similar between deficient, insufficient, and adequate mothers (0.61 vs. 0.55 vs. 0.57 μmol/L; p = 0.35). Intrauterine transfer increased with maternal deficiency (103.4%) and insufficiency (61.2%) compared to adequacy (43.1%), p < 0.0001. Results indicate that intrauterine transfer rate is augmented in cases of maternal retinol inadequacy, leading to similar concentrations in umbilical cord blood at term delivery.
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Nolan, Lila S., Angela N. Lewis, Qingqing Gong, James J. Sollome, Olivia N. DeWitt, Robert D. Williams, and Misty Good. "Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Human Milk from Mothers of Preterm Infants." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103604.
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The application of metabolomics in neonatology offers an approach to investigate the complex relationship between nutrition and infant health. Characterization of the metabolome of human milk enables an investigation into nutrients that affect the neonatal metabolism and identification of dietary interventions for infants at risk of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this study, we aimed to identify differences in the metabolome of breast milk of 48 mothers with preterm infants with NEC and non-NEC healthy controls. A minimum significant difference was observed in the human milk metabolome between the mothers of infants with NEC and mothers of healthy control infants. However, significant differences in the metabolome related to fatty acid metabolism, oligosaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, vitamins and oxidative stress-related metabolites were observed when comparing milk from mothers with control infants of ≤1.0 kg birth weight and >1.5 kg birth weight. Understanding the functional biological features of mothers’ milk that may modulate infant health is important in the future of tailored nutrition and care of the preterm newborn.
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Manyatshe, Livhuhani, and Mzikazi Nduna. "KEEPING IT SECRET: MOTHERS’ CONCERNS IN DEALING WITH THE UNDISCLOSED PATERNITY OF THEIR CHILDREN." Gender Questions 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-8457/1565.
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Children who grow up not knowing their biological fathers blame their mothers for being secretive and alienating them from their fathers. Research on undisclosed fathers has not shed light on why mothers would not inform the children of their fathers’ identities. This study, set in South Africa, explored maternal non-disclosure with the specific aim of creating an understanding of women’s motivations for withholding information or not introducing a child to his/her father. The research employed an exploratory qualitative approach and used an interpretive approach to garner from narratives of mothers and guardians their experiences of living with non-disclosure. Eight, one-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with participants aged 33 to 60. Through thematic analysis, women’s first-hand accounts could be described and the essence of the phenomenon for all the participants collated. The findings suggest a supposition that there were broader challenges for mothers on how to go about the disclosure in terms of what to say to the child, and at what age it would be appropriate to start discussing the father. The fleeting discussions that did at times occur around the father indicate that disclosure is not a static event, but rather a fluid and an ongoing process. Based on the findings of our research this article provides insight into supportive strategies that may be devised to aid mothers who wish to disclose
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Estevao, Carolina, Rebecca Bind, Daisy Fancourt, Kristi Sawyer, Paola Dazzan, Nick Sevdalis, Anthony Woods, et al. "SHAPER-PND trial: clinical effectiveness protocol of a community singing intervention for postnatal depression." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e052133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052133.
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Introduction Postnatal depression (PND) affects approximately 13% of new mothers. Community-based activities are sought after by many mothers, especially mothers that prefer not to access pharmacological or psychological interventions. Singing has shown positive effects in maternal mood and mother–child bonding. The Scaling-Up Health-Arts Programmes: Implementation and Effectiveness Research-Postnatal Depression study will analyse the clinical and implementation effectiveness of 10-week singing sessions for PND in new mothers. This protocol paper will focus on the clinical effectiveness of this trial. Methods and analysis A total of 400 mothers with PND (with a score of at least 10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and their babies will be recruited for this hybrid type II randomised controlled trial. The intervention group will attend 10 weekly singing sessions held at community venues or online, facilitated by the arts organisation, Breathe Arts Health Research (Breathe). A control group will be encouraged to attend non-singing sessions in the community or online for 10 weeks. A package of assessments will be collected from participants for clinical, mechanistic and implementation outcomes, at different stages of the trial. Clinical assessments will include questionnaires and interviews for demographics, mental health and social measures, together with biological samples for measurement of stress markers; the study visits are at baseline, week 6 (mid-trial) and week 10 (end of trial), with follow ups at weeks 20 and 36. Multiple imputation will be used to deal with possible missing data and multivariable models will be fitted to assess differences between groups in the outcomes of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the London-West London and GTAC Research Ethics Committee, REC reference: 20/PR/0813. Trial registration number NCT04834622; Pre-results.
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Manyatshe, Livhuhani, Mzikazi Nduna, and Mzikazi Nduna. "MATERNAL NON-DISCLOSURE OF A CHILD’S BIOLOGICAL FATHER: METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS FROM A JOHANNESBURG STUDY." New Voices in Psychology 10, no. 1 (November 15, 2017): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1812-6371/3415.
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Due to a dearth of research on mothers who have not disclosed the true biological identity of fathers to their children, there is lack of information on suitable methods for studying this topic. This article aims to share some methodological experiences from the field. Eight one-on-one narrative interviews were conducted with participants who were mothers or female guardians of a child who did not know his or her biological father. The study was located in Johannesburg and explored circumstances that contributed to non-disclosure of a biological father. Participants were recruited through snowballing and were a non-probability sample. They were aged between 33 and 60 years. Each participant was interviewed once. Methodological reflections reported here cover recruitment, interviews and ethics. This article reports a challenge with recruiting middle-class participants when gatekeepers felt that the topic was sensitive and may have legal repercussions for participants. We report on successful recruitment via online platforms and face-to-face community-based announcements. Whilst the response to recruitment was vast, not all interested parties were eligible, including men who did not know their fathers. Women in this study mainly opted for one-on-one interviews instead of focus group discussions. There was a challenge with maintaining complete privacy as some participants themselves agreedto have other family members nearby during the interview. Also, working in this community posed challenges with obtaining member-checking and receiving feedback on the transcripts. This article reports on a number of experiences that are relevant for future similar studies with women in low-income settings. The article suggests an adoption of gender-sensitive recruitment strategies with sensitivity regarding the gendered social gaze that is directed at women who have not disclosed the father’s identity to a child. The positive response from prospective participants indicated willingness from the general population to talk to researchers about unknown fathers. Ethical imperatives such as auditory and visual privacy and the imperative to conduct member checking need to be adapted for local contexts.
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McInerney, Anna, Mary Creaner, and Elizabeth Nixon. "The Motherhood Experiences of Non-Birth Mothers in Same-Sex Parent Families." Psychology of Women Quarterly 45, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03616843211003072.
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In this qualitative study, we explored the experiences of non-birth mothers whose child(ren) were planned and conceived within their same-sex relationship. We conducted semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 14 participants in Ireland. We transcribed the interviews verbatim and analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Our findings comprised three superordinate themes: A Question of Recognition, An Insecure Connection, and Carving Your Own Way and related subordinate themes. Motherhood experiences were characterized by resilience and vulnerability in parenting their children without legal parental rights and within a heteronormative society that privileged biological motherhood. The dynamic relationship between seeking connection and seeking legitimacy that is at the heart of the participants’ experiences of motherhood is highlighted. Participants encountered challenges to their maternal legitimacy within their families and communities and in their interactions with legal and social institutions. Participants described using various strategies to reinforce their parental identity. Despite the challenges, participants were engaged in constructing satisfying parenting roles. The findings highlight the importance of legitimizing the parental identity of non-birth mothers. Therapists should be sensitive to the additional marginalization of non-birth mothers in same-sex parent families. Validating their vulnerability and their resilience in the face of obstacles may enhance their coping resources. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843211003072
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Thurl, Stephan, Manfred Munzert, Jobst Henker, Günther Boehm, Beate Müller-Werner, Jürgen Jelinek, and Bernd Stahl. "Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 9 (June 4, 2010): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510002072.
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Human milk oligosaccharides, representing the third largest fraction of human milk, have been assigned important protective functions for newborns acting as bifidogenic substrates or as inhibitory agents towards pathogens. Using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography and an enzyme test kit, twenty oligosaccharides and lactose were determined in milk samples of German women from days 3 to 90 postpartum. Twenty-two secretor mothers with Lewis blood group Le(a − b+) synthesised all twenty oligosaccharides, and could be assigned to milk group 1. Five non-secretor mothers (Le(a+b − )) produced all oligosaccharides with the exception of α1,2-fucosylated compounds (milk group 2), whereas three secretor mothers with blood type Le(a − b − ) lacked α1,4-fucosyloligosaccharides, corresponding to milk group 3. Secretor women of milk groups 1 and 3 synthesised significantly higher amounts of total neutral oligosaccharides and of several total core structures (e.g. lacto-N-tetraose) than non-secretor women. Generally, these oligosaccharides significantly decrease during the first 3 months postpartum. By comparing fucosyloligosaccharides within and among the three milk groups, insight into their biosynthesis could be gained. Six acidic oligosaccharides without fucose residues were detected in milk samples of all mothers. Regression analysis confirmed that total acidic oligosaccharides declined threefold during the study period. Milk samples corresponding to the three milk groups exhibited significant qualitative and quantitative differences during the first 3 months of lactation. It can be assumed that particularly milk of non-secretor women (milk group 2) exerts a modified biological protection in the babies in comparison with milks of secretors (groups 1 and 3).
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Μαροπούλου (Marina Maropoulou), Μαρίνα. "Grèce, le prix d'un enfant/ Public Sénat, 7/3/2016. H γαλλική οπτική της ελληνικής παρένθετης μητρότητας: κριτικές επισημάνσεις, θεωρητικές προεκτάσεις." Bioethica 3, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bioeth.19724.
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This paper reassesses surrogate motherhood as a legal category within the practice of bio-medicine, as well as a legal relation within the human family.The current study approaches the legal form of the received Greek legislation concerning gestational surrogate motherhood -the altruistic form of surrogate motherhood (non payment),through a multidimensional perspective.The shortcomings of the law regarding the legal understanding of surrogate mother's contribution and role, the stereotypical views concerning gender roles both within the private and the public domains, as well as the exclusive focus on the protection of the reproductive rights and the parental status of the intended parents result in the inability to identify the surrogate mother within a legal protective frame as mother, working person, citizen. This fact produces and reproduces a vicious circle. Surrogate mothers are recruited from an always already invisible social group, the poor immigrant women.The absence of their legal protection and acknowledgment forces them to remain in this condition of invisibility and secures the continuity of this reproductive labour. The paper also readdresses the surrogate motherhood as a bio-ethic issue, from a critical, gender sensitive viewpoint. It raises the question if this practice transforms the persons who give life into mere, anonymous biological material; it raises questions regarding the extent to which this practice commodifies and appropriates women’s bodies.The paper finally addresses a demand for a more comprehensive reproductive justice and a more inclusive social protection for surrogate motherhood.
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Clifford, Gayle, Gill Craig, and Christine McCourt. "Mothering at a distance and disclosure of maternal HIV to children in Kingston, Jamaica." Population Horizons 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pophzn-2018-0004.
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Abstract Existing guidelines (WHO, 2011) advise caretakers and professionals to disclose children’s and their caretakers’ HIV status to children, despite a lack of evidence concerning the potential implications in resource-constrained settings. Our research uses feminist Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of HIV positive mothers in Kingston, Jamaica, focusing on their lived experiences of talking to their children about maternal HIV. This paper will focus on the concept of mothering at a distance and how this presents additional challenges for HIV positive mothers who are trying to establish emotional closeness in relation to talking to their children about their HIV. Using Hochschild’s concept of emotion work and examples from the interviews, we highlight the difficult contexts informing women’s decisions when negotiating discussions about their HIV. Women may choose full, partial or differential disclosure or children may be told their mother’s HIV status by others. Disclosure policy, we argue, reflects Anglo-Northern constructions of the family and parenting which may not adequately reflect the experiences of poor urban mothers in low and middle income countries. We argue that policy needs to recognise culturally-specific family formations, which, in Jamaica includes absent fathers, mothering at a distance and mothering non-biological children. This article reflects on the experiences of an under-researched group, poor urban Jamaican women practising mothering at a distance, using a novel methodological approach (IPA) to bring into relief unique insights into their lived experiences and will contribute to the global policy and research literature on HIV disclosure.
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Chivasa, Norman. "Kutanda botso Ritual As a Means of Preventing Non-Intimate Femicide Targeting Biological Mothers in Shona Communities of Zimbabwe." Violence and Gender 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2020.0030.
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Bellon, Elien, Elsje van Bergen, and Ann Derore Dowker. "Is Parental Mathematics Anxiety Associated with Young Children’s Arithmetical Performance?" Education Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110812.
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It has been suggested that parental mathematics anxiety may influence their children’s mathematics anxiety, attitudes, and performance. It remains an open question whether these parent-child associations differ by parental sex or parental involvement. We tested 249 Dutch-speaking Belgian participants, forming 83 (biological) mother–father–child trios. The 83 children (age: M = 5.74; SD = 0.30) attended Kindergarten. We tested their nonsymbolic comparison, symbolic numerical magnitude processing, numeral recognition, arithmetic, and matrix reasoning. We assessed both parents’ arithmetic skills, math anxiety, educational level, and division of care. More math-anxious parents tended to be less highly educated (r~0.42) and poorer at math (r~0.30). Compared to fathers, mothers had lower arithmetic, higher math anxiety, and higher educational level. Assortative mating (i.e., a significant spousal correlation) was found for educational level and arithmetic. Mothers’ (but not fathers’) educational level predicted children’s arithmetic scores (r = 0.31). Other parent-offspring correlations were non-significant. Most of the children’s test scores are intercorrelated. The parental characteristic that best predicted five- and six-year-olds’ arithmetic performance was maternal educational level rather than mathematical anxiety or performance. We discuss these findings in relation to the used measures, parental gender and involvement, children’s age, statistical power, and genetic and environmental transmission. The field is just starting to understand whether and how mathematics anxiety and the skills of parents influence those of their offspring.
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Carcea, Ioana, Naomi López Caraballo, Bianca J. Marlin, Rumi Ooyama, Justin S. Riceberg, Joyce M. Mendoza Navarro, Maya Opendak, et al. "Oxytocin neurons enable social transmission of maternal behaviour." Nature 596, no. 7873 (August 11, 2021): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03814-7.
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AbstractMaternal care, including by non-biological parents, is important for offspring survival1–8. Oxytocin1,2,9–15, which is released by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is a critical maternal hormone. In mice, oxytocin enables neuroplasticity in the auditory cortex for maternal recognition of pup distress15. However, it is unclear how initial parental experience promotes hypothalamic signalling and cortical plasticity for reliable maternal care. Here we continuously monitored the behaviour of female virgin mice co-housed with an experienced mother and litter. This documentary approach was synchronized with neural recordings from the virgin PVN, including oxytocin neurons. These cells were activated as virgins were enlisted in maternal care by experienced mothers, who shepherded virgins into the nest and demonstrated pup retrieval. Virgins visually observed maternal retrieval, which activated PVN oxytocin neurons and promoted alloparenting. Thus rodents can acquire maternal behaviour by social transmission, providing a mechanism for adapting the brains of adult caregivers to infant needs via endogenous oxytocin.
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Hadi, Hamam, Fatimatasari Fatimatasari, Winda Irwanti, Chahya Kusuma, Ratih Devi Alfiana, M. Ischaq Nabil Asshiddiqi, Sigit Nugroho, Emma Clare Lewis, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Exclusive Breastfeeding Protects Young Children from Stunting in a Low-Income Population: A Study from Eastern Indonesia." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 4264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124264.
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The prevalence of stunting in young Indonesian children is the highest among countries belonging to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Breastfed children are reported to grow better than non-breastfed. The present study examined the protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against stunting in children under two years old (CU2) and its interaction with monthly household expenditure. Secondary analyses were conducted based on a 2012 cross-sectional study including 408 children aged 6–24 months and their caregivers from 14 villages in rural Eastern Indonesia. Data on breastfeeding history, childcare, and household expenditures were collected using structured questionnaires. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in each village (n = 14). Nearly two-thirds (61%) of caregivers who identified as the biological mother exclusively breastfed their child at 6 months. Exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households were 20% less likely to be stunted than their non-exclusively-breastfed peers. Further, exclusively-breastfed CU2 from wealthier households were 50% less likely to be stunted than non-exclusively-breastfed CU2 from poorer households. FGDs revealed that some mothers were unaware of the importance of recommended breastfeeding practices. Exclusive breastfeeding may protect low-income children against stunting. Health promotion to improve caregiver motivation to exclusively breastfeed is critical in the present setting and beyond.
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Murhima’Alika, Christine Chimanuka, Serge Balolebwami Zigabe, Yvette Bahati Lufungulo, Pacifique Mwene-Batu Lyabayungu, Daniel Garhalangwa Mayeri, Amani Ngaboyeka Gaylord, Michèle Dramaix, Philippe Donnen, and Ghislain Bisimwa Balaluka. "Nutritional and health status of a cohort of school-age children born to mothers treated for severe acute malnutrition in their childhood in The Democratic Republic of Congo." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): e0269527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269527.
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Background Malnutrition is a public health problem, but outside the theoretical framework, little is known about the concrete intergenerational effects of malnutrition. Objective The objective of this study is to compare the nutritional status and health indicators of school children born to mothers who were treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Methodology The study took place in Miti-Murhesa health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This is a cohort study assessing the nutritional and health status of school children born to mothers who had been treated for SAM, based on WHZ or edema, in Lwiro hospital between 1988–2002 compared to children born to mothers who were not exposed to SAM. Stunting and thinness were evaluated by Height for Age Z-score (HAZ) and Body Mass Index by Age criteria (BMIAZ) respectively. On admission, blood samples were taken to assess anemia, HIV serology, hemogram and others biological indicators. Stool’s examinations were conducted by using Olympus optical microscope. Parametric and non-parametric tests were applied to compare the different variables in two groups. Results We identified 106 children aged 5–16 years (103 exposed and 58 unexposed) and we received 83.5% and 91.4% children respectively for anthropometric parameters. The mean of age was 7.9 ± 2.4 year in exposed group and 7.4 ± 2.1 year in unexposed group (p = 0.26). The prevalence of stunting was 68.3% in the exposed group and 67.3% in the unexposed group (p = 0.90). The prevalence of thinness was 12.8% in the exposed group and 9.6% in the unexposed group (p = 0.57). The biological profile (glycemia, urea, creatinine and hemogram) and the prevalence of intestinal parasites were similar in the two groups. Conclusion In this sample, in a malnutrition-endemic area, there was no statistically significant difference in nutrition and health indicators between school children born to mothers exposed to SAM and their community controls.
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Neiterman, Elena. "Constructing and Deconstructing Teen Pregnancy as a Social Problem." Qualitative Sociology Review 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2012): 24–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.8.3.02.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine teenage pregnancy as a social problem using social constructionist perspective. Analyzing qualitative interviews with 11 young mothers and relying on the media analysis of popular North American newspapers and magazines, I examine claims-making activity around the definition of teenage pregnancy as a social problem. I start this paper, situating my arguments in the social constructionist literature on social problems. In the second part of this paper I review the literature on teen pregnancy and identify three major themes that dominate academic and public discourse on pregnancy as a social problem. After describing the methodological approach I took to conduct this study, I move on to present my findings. I demonstrate that in negotiating their mothering skills, young teenage mothers construct their claims about pregnancy, parenthood and their future vis-à-vis the dominant public discourse on teen pregnancy. They reconstruct their pregnancy and mothering as non-deviant, claim their status as mature and responsible mothers and challenge the importance of biological age as a predictor of successful mothering. I summarize this paper suggesting that these young women’s narratives should be considered the claims-making activity of a marginalized population of young mothers who are rarely heard in public, yet they do challenge our assumptions about teen mothering and find their own way to resist the dominant discourse on teen pregnancy.
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Liskola, Krista, Hanna Raaska, Christian Hakulinen, Helena Lapinleimu, and Marko Elovainio. "Do the Temperamental Characteristics of Both Mother and Child Influence the Well-Being of Adopted and Non-Adopted Children?" Children 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2022): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081227.
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(1) Background: For decades, the temperaments of infants and small children have been a focus of studies in human development and been seen as a potential contributor to children’s developmental patterns. However, less is known about the interplay between the temperamental characteristics of mothers and their children in the context of explaining variations in developmental outcomes. The aim of our study was to explore the associations—with or without genetic links—of the temperaments and psychological distress of mothers and the temperaments of children with behavioral problems in a group of internationally adopted children and their adoptive mothers and in a group of non-adopted children and their mothers. (2) Methods: Data (n = 170) were derived from the ongoing Finnish Adoption (FinAdo) follow-up study. The children included were under the age of 7 years; 74 were adopted internationally through legal agencies between October 2010 and December 2016, and the remaining 96 were non-adopted children living with their birth parents (biological group) recruited from day-care centers. We used Mary Rothbart’s temperament questionnaires to assess temperament, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to obtain data on the children’s behavioral/emotional problems and competencies, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to assess parental psychological distress. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, and written informed consent was obtained from the parents and the children themselves. (3) Results: The negative affectivities of both mothers and children were associated with the total CBCL and with both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors after adjusting for age, gender, and adoption status. Both relationships remained significant when tested simultaneously, suggesting additive effects. Maternal negative affect was associated with problem behavior irrespective of child extraversion/surgency. Child extraversion/surgency was associated with lower levels of all internalizing behavioral problems when adjusted for maternal sociability. Child negative affect was associated with all behavioral problem measures irrespective of maternal sociability or maternal psychological distress. Maternal distress was associated with child problem behaviors only in children with low extraversion/surgency. (4) Limitations: The sample size was relatively small, and the information was gathered solely with questionnaires. (5) Conclusions: The results of the study may be clinically significant. Child negative affect, maternal negative affect, and maternal experienced distress, combined with low child extraversion/surgency, may increase the risk of child problem behaviors in both adoptees and non-adoptees.
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Akansuke, Martin Amalitinga, Albert Luguterah, Sylvester Dodzi Nyadanu, Derek Ngbandor Nawumbeni, and Timothy Adampah. "Profiling the Determinants of Baby Weights in Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana." Journal of Biology and Life Science 6, no. 2 (February 26, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v6i2.7162.
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Introduction:Birth weights and subsequent weights (weight-for-age of babies) have been found to play a vital role in early childhood development and have profound effect on later lives of children. The weight-for-age of babies, as a measure of child’s growth, was found in several literatures as one of the key determinants of under-five mortality. This paper therefore deemed it crucial to explore how prognostic factors are influencing infants’ growth in the weights of babies in Ghana using Bolgatanga municipality in the Upper East region of Ghana as case study.Method:The post-natal records of three hundred (300) nursing mothers were retrospectively followed from January to December 2013 in the seven health facilities of the municipality for the study. Inclusion criterion was used to recruit two hundred and thirty five (235) qualified subjects. The weight-for-age of babies and socio-demographics of the babies and the mothers were recorded. The determinants of infant growth in the weights of the babies were profiled.Results:The study disclosed that the mean birth weight in both sexes, 2.71kg for males and 2.74kg for females, were higher than the standard normal birth weights of 2.50kg by WHO. The multivariate analysis of variance showed a nonlinear infants growth profile in the weights of babies during their first developmental year. The profile of the determinants showed that factors such as educational status and age of mother, breastfeeding type and sex of baby did not differ in the infants’ weights by these groups even-though higher education and nonexclusive breastfeeding had positive effects. However, maternal factors such as: religious affiliations (socio-cultural practices), occupation, parity, injection as at last type of family planning practiced by nursing mothers were significant, highlighting the effect of these maternal socio-demographics and biological factors on infant growth and child survival.Conclusion:The profiles of the effects of the maternal determinants on the weights of babies considered in this study established that infant growth is non-linear. It could also be stated on the basis of the profile analysis that, the weights of babies in this municipality could be modeled for predictions using the maternal determinants such as occupation, parity group, injectable family planning method, breastfeeding type, educational level and socio-cultural practices (religion). The profile analysis of the effects of the maternal socio-demographics and biological factors on infant weights established that the infant’s growth can be improved significantly by the nursing mothers, health service providers and the government if efforts are made to improve and/or modify the significant health indicators.
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Nizaruddin, Nizaruddin, and M. Irsyad Ilham. "The Effect of Sanitation on Stunting Prevalence in Indonesia." Populasi 30, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.80186.
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Preparing children from birth can boost productivity and competitiveness later in their lives. However, the occurrence of malnutrition and stunting during childhood period will reduce their productivity and increases the risk of non-communicable diseases later in their lives. This study examines the effect of sanitation, drinking water sources, and drinking water treatment on stunting in Indonesian children (0-59 months). This study analyses cross- sectional data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 with 3,834 children living with their biological mothers. The Logistic Regression to estimate the coefficients is applied here. The results show that the variables of sanitation, drinking water sources, and drinking water treatment before consuming affected stunting. Children who consume tap water are less likely to be stunted (OR=0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99). Birth weight, economic conditions, and mother’s level of education also affect risk of stunting. Hence, to overcome the risk of stunting, the government have to accelerate the supply of basic sanitation, to protect the good quality of drinking water sources, and to promote the awareness of boiling water before consumption.
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Purba, Rudolf B., Fred A. Rumagit, and Rugayu Tahir. "Status Gizi Bayi 4 – 6 Bulan Yang Mendapatkan Asi Eksklusif Dan Asi Non Eksklusif Di Puskesmas Kolongan Kecamatan Kalawat Kabupaten Minahasa Utara." Jurnal GIZIDO 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/gizi.v10i1.733.
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Exclusive breastfeeding is a baby receiving only direct breastfeeding from biological mother, breast milk or dairy milk until the baby is 6 months old. Non-exclusive breastfeeding is not only breastfed babies but also get other foods other than breastmilk like formula milk. North Sulawesi Province exclusive ASI coverage in 2014 amounted to 38.5% decreased 2015 only 26.3%. The purpose of this research was to know the nutritional status of 4 - 6 months old baby who got exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive breast milk. The type of research used is descriptive research. The study was conducted for 1 week from 30 May to 6 June 2017 at the Kolongan Community Health Center, Kalawat District, North Minahasa Regency The sample of the study was 4 - 6 months old baby with total sample of 53 babies. Research respondents were infant mothers. The sampling method uses accidental sampling. Data obtained through interviews and direct measurement of nutritional status (BB / U) using baby scales (baby scale). The result of the research is the number of baby samples 4 - 6 months as many as 53 babies. Exclusive breastfeeding of 16 infants. non exclusive breastfeeding of 37 babies, divided into infant formula, breast milk and formula mixture 17 infants. Nutritional status of infants 4 - 6 months total of 53 babies, malnutrition less 4 babies (7.5%), good nutrition 32 babies (60,5%), and 17 more infants (32%).
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Moring, Anna, and Johanna Lammi-Taskula. "Parental Leave Reforms in Finland 1977–2019 from a Diversity Perspective." Social Inclusion 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3796.
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In Finland, all parents, regardless of gender, are eligible for parental leave and there are no restrictive eligibility criteria. In practice, however, the statutory leave options are not equally available to all parents. Since the 1970s, steps have been taken in redesigning the leave scheme to make it more inclusive. Several reforms have been made to promote equality, mainly between women and men, but also between diverse families, such as adoptive families, multiple-birth families or same-sex parent families. The ‘demotherisation’ of parental-leave rights has slowly shifted the focus from biological mothers to fathers and non-biological parents. In the most recent reforms, the focus has widened from equality between parents to include equality between children regardless of the form of the family that they are born or adopted into.
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Azeem Mubarak, Doaa Mohammed Abdul. "Psychological Stress and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Mothers of Autistic Children." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 10, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.06.7.
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Background: Literature has indicated that parents of autistic children face higher stress levels than parents of allistic children (non-autistic children), leading them to experience depressive symptoms that impact their daily lives, reducing their quality of life. This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and perceived self-efficacy in mothers and fathers of autistic children.
Methods: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional. A total of 125 mothers and fathers consented to participate in the current study. 15 parents only partially completed the survey, so their data was not included. The remaining 110 cases were included. This left a final sample of 110 parents of autistic children, 100 mothers (90.9 %), and 10 fathers (9.1%). All were biological parents.
Results: As indicated by the results, all statements in the Parental distress (PD) subscale had a score ranging between high (the majority of items, 10) to medium (two items). All statements in the Parent-Child Dysfunctional interaction (P-CDI) subscale had a score ranging between high (the majority of items, 10) to low (two items). All statements in the Difficult Child (DC) subscale scored high. The whole subscale had a mean score of 4.04 (SD=3.17) with a high score. For correlations, psychological stress was negatively correlated with perceived self-efficacy (r = -0. 34, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The stress experienced during the nurturing of children with disabilities is a factor that threatens the psychological well-being of mothers of autistic children.
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Middei, Silvia, Ludovica Giorgini, Valentina Vacca, Francesca Storri, Sabrina Putti, Georgios Strimpakos, Marcello Raspa, Ferdinando Scavizzi, Fabiola Moretti, and Francesca R. D’Amato. "Early Social Enrichment Modulates Tumor Progression and p53 Expression in Adult Mice." Biomolecules 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12040532.
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Epidemiological evidence indicates that stress and aversive psychological conditions can affect cancer progression, while well-being protects against it. Although a large set of studies have addressed the impact of stress on cancer, not much is known about the mechanisms that protect from cancer in healthy psychological conditions. C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to an environmental enrichment condition consisting of being raised until weaning by the biological lactating mother plus a non-lactating virgin female (LnL = Lactating and non-Lactating mothers). The Control group consisted of mice raised by a single lactating mother (L = Lactating). Four months after weaning, mice from LnL and L conditions were exposed to intramuscular injection of 3-methylcolantrene (3MCA), a potent tumorigenic drug, and onset and progression of 3MCA-induced fibrosarcomas were monitored over time. Pups from the LnL compared to the L group received more parental care and were more resilient to stressful events during the first week of life. In association, the onset of tumors in LnL adults was significantly delayed. At the molecular level, we observed increased levels of wild-type p53 protein in tumor samples of LnL compared to L adults and higher levels of its target p21 in healthy muscles of LnL mice compared to the L group, supporting the hypothesis of potential involvement of p53 in tumor development. Our study sustains the model that early life care protects against tumor susceptibility.
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de Kruijff, Ineke, Ellen Tromp, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, Arine M. Vlieger, Marc A. Benninga, Yolanda B. de Rijke, and Erica LT van den Akker. "Parental Stress and Scalp Hair Cortisol in Excessively Crying Infants: A Case Control Study." Children 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8080662.
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Background: Caring for an excessively crying infant (ECI) can be stressful for mothers and fathers and is associated with mental and bonding problems. Hair cortisol offers a unique measure for the biological reaction of the body to stress over time. Methods: In this case-control study, scalp hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in 35 mothers and 23 fathers and their ECIs. The control group consisted of 64 mothers and 63 fathers of non-ECIs of similar age. Parental stress, depression, anxiety and bonding were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results: Mean HCC were significantly lower in mothers and fathers of ECIs (2.3 pg/mg, 95% CI 1.8–2.9 and 1.6 pg/mg, 95% CI 1.3–2.0) than that in control mothers and fathers (3.2 pg/mg, 95% CI 3.0–3.7 and 2.9 pg/mg, 95% CI 2.5–3.5). In the total group of parents and within the parents of ECIs, HCC were not associated with negative feelings. In the control group, HCC showed a positive association with stress and depression (r = 0.207, p = 0.020 and r = 0.221, p = 0.013). In infants, no differences were found in mean HCC between the ECI group and the control group. No associations were found between maternal and infant HCC, paternal and infant HCC and maternal and paternal HCC. Conclusion: Parents of ECIs showed significantly lower HCC than control parents, reflecting a diminished response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. More research is needed to examine whether this decrease in response is pre-existing or caused by excessive infant crying.
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Poteyeva, Margarita, and Margaret Leigey. "An Examination of the Mental Health and Negative Life Events of Women Who Killed Their Children." Social Sciences 7, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7090168.
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Research on filicide, the killing of a child by a biological or a de facto parent or parents, has largely focused on mothers. However, little is known about how filicidal women compare to filicidal men or whether they differ from women who commit non-filicide murder. The study explores pre-incarceration negative life events and mental health histories of women incarcerated for filicide as compared to men incarcerated for the same offense and women who were incarcerated for non-filicide murder. Extensive gender differences in filicidal parents were found in terms of economic marginalization, physical and sexual abuse, mental health problems. Filicidal women had more mental health problems and lower monthly income than women incarcerated for non-filicide murder, but there were more similarities than differences detected between the two groups of female offenders. The paper concludes with policy recommendations.
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Kendler, K. S., H. Ohlsson, K. Sundquist, and J. Sundquist. "The causes of parent–offspring transmission of drug abuse: a Swedish population-based study." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 1 (May 14, 2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714001093.
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BackgroundWhile drug abuse (DA) is strongly familial, we still have limited knowledge about the causes of its cross-generational transmission.MethodWe examined DA ascertained from national registers in offspring of three family types from the Swedish population [intact (n = 2 111 074), ‘not-lived-with’ (n = 165 315, where biological parents never lived with their offspring) and ‘step’ (n = 124 800 offspring)], which reflected, respectively, the effects of genes + rearing, genes only and rearing only. We replicated these results in three high-risk co-relative designs.ResultsCombined across mothers and fathers, the hazard ratio (HR) for DA in offspring given DA in parents was 3.52 in intact, 2.73 in ‘not-lived-with’ and 1.79 in stepfamilies. In 968 biological full or half-sibling pairs one of whom was reared by and the other never lived with their parent with DA, the HR for DA was greater in the reared than ‘not-lived-with’ child (HR 1.57). In 64 offspring pairs of a parent with DA, the HR for DA was greater in a reared biological v. step-parented non-biological child (HR 3.33). In 321 pairs of offspring of a parent with DA one of whom was a not-lived-with biological child and the second a step-parented non-biological child, the HR for DA was greater in the biological v. stepchild (HR 1.80).ConclusionsBoth genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent–offspring resemblance for DA. The general population contains informative family constellations that can complement more traditional adoption designs in clarifying the sources of parent–offspring resemblance.
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Pavithra, PB, and S. Arul Anne Rose. "Salivary HSP70 and Progesterone are Upregulated in Preeclamptic Antenatal Mothers." Biomedicine 39, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v39i1.218.
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Introduction and Aim: Most of the pregnancies are complicated with complexities due to the environment, psychological, physiological circumstances. It is crucial to diagnose the pregnant women for complications during the earlier stages of pregnancy. Most importantly, the ability to monitor health status, disease onset, and the progression and treatment outcome through non-invasive means is a highly desirable goal in healthcare management. In that, the saliva represents a suitable, potential, and alternative biological filtrate/diagnostic fluid/medium for exploring the surveillance of health and disease. Also, it offers further opportunities as a pool containing a vast repertoire of specific, biologically-active peptides and proteins. Since hypertension represents the major risk contributing to diverse pregnancy complications; the present study is aimed to quantify the level of HSP70 and Progesterone in the saliva of normotensive and preeclamptic antenatal mothers.
Materials and Methods: A saliva sample was collected from normotensive and preeclamptic antenatal mothers (n=10 each group) by passive drool method. Progesterone and HSP70 were quantified using ELISA kits.
Results: The present study shows an increase in the expression of HSP70 and Progesterone in the salivary sample of preeclamptic pregnant women.
Conclusion: Results with a higher value of HSP70 protein expression suggests that salivary HSP70 may serve as a novel and valuable marker in diagnosing pregnancy complicated with hypertensive disorders and salivary progesterone may be used as an indicator for imminent delivery in pregnant women.
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García Salcedo, José Javier, Taehyun Roh, Lydia Enith Nava Rivera, Nadia Denys Betancourt Martínez, Pilar Carranza Rosales, María Francisco San Miguel Salazar, Mario Alberto Rivera Guillén, et al. "Comparative Biomonitoring of Arsenic Exposure in Mothers and Their Neonates in Comarca Lagunera, Mexico." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 16232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316232.
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Multiple comorbidities related to arsenic exposure through drinking water continue to be public problems worldwide, principally in chronically exposed populations, such as those in the Comarca Lagunera (CL), Mexico. In addition, this relationship could be exacerbated by an early life exposure through the placenta and later through breast milk. This study conducted a comparative analysis of arsenic levels in multiple biological samples from pregnant women and their neonates in the CL and the comparison region, Saltillo. Total arsenic levels in placenta, breast milk, blood, and urine were measured in pregnant women and their neonates from rural areas of seven municipalities of the CL using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation methodology. The average concentrations of tAs in drinking water were 47.7 µg/L and 0.05 µg/L in the exposed and non-exposed areas, respectively. Mean levels of tAs were 7.80 µg/kg, 77.04 µg/g-Cr, and 4.30 µg/L in placenta, blood, urine, and breast milk, respectively, in mothers, and 107.92 µg/g-Cr in neonates in the exposed group, which were significantly higher than those in the non-exposed area. High levels of urinary arsenic in neonates were maintained 4 days after birth, demonstrating an early arsenic exposure route through the placenta and breast milk. In addition, our study suggested that breastfeeding may reduce arsenic exposure in infants in arsenic-contaminated areas. Further studies are necessary to follow up on comorbidities later in life in neonates and to provide interventions in this region.