Journal articles: 'Non-Aboriginal'

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Broe, GA (Tony), and Kylie Radford. "Multimorbidity in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people." Medical Journal of Australia 209, no. 1 (July 2018): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja18.00348.

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Biles, David, David McDonald, and Jillian Fleming. "Aboriginal and non-aboriginal deaths in custody." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 23, no. 1 (March 1990): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589002300102.

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Caufield, Catherine. "Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal Relationships: A Focus on Healing." Religious Studies and Theology 37, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/rsth.37549.

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Richard, Kenn. "A Commentary Against Aboriginal to non-Aboriginal Adoption." First Peoples Child & Family Review 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069588ar.

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This article focuses on the author’s experience and observations respecting the appropriateness of adopting Aboriginal children into non-Aboriginal settings, and its impact on children, youth and parents receiving services from an Aboriginal child and family services agency in Toronto.

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Laing, DG, FJ Wilkes, N. Underwood, and L. Tran. "Taste disorders in Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children." Acta Paediatrica 100, no. 9 (April 20, 2011): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02292.x.

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MILLER, PAUL W. "THE STRUCTURE OF ABORIGINAL AND NON-ABORIGINAL YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT." Australian Economic Papers 28, no. 52 (June 1989): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1989.tb00458.x.

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Kariminia, Azar, Tony Butler, and Michael Levy. "Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal health differentials in Australian prisoners." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 31, no. 4 (August 2007): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00089.x.

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Wilson, Kathi, and Nicolette Cardwell. "Urban Aboriginal health: Examining inequalities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Canada." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 56, no. 1 (March 2012): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2011.00397.x.

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Ng, Carmina, T. Kue Young, and Paul N. Corey. "Associations of television viewing, physical activity and dietary behaviours with obesity in aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadian youth." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2010): 1430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010000832.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine associations of diet, physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with obesity among aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth in conjunction with socio-economic variables.DesignCross-sectional study of differences between aboriginal and non-aboriginal groups and associations between lifestyle and socio-economic factors with obesity were examined.SettingPopulation data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2·2 conducted in 2004 in the ten provinces of Canada.SubjectsA total of 198 aboriginal and 4448 non-aboriginal Canadian youth aged 12–17 years.ResultsCompared to non-aboriginal youth, physical activity participation among aboriginal youth was higher, but consumption of vegetables and dairy products was lower, and more aboriginal youth were ‘high’ TV watchers. Low income adequacy was associated with decreased odds for obesity among aboriginal youth in contrast to higher odds among non-aboriginal youth. Non-aboriginal ‘high’ TV watchers consumed more soft drinks and non-whole-grain products than did ‘low’ TV watchers. Physical activity participation did not differ between ‘high’ and ‘low’ TV watchers for both groups, and was associated with lowered odds for obesity only among aboriginal youth.ConclusionsSociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity differ between aboriginal and non-aboriginal youth. These findings may be useful for guiding intervention efforts.

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Thurber, Katherine Ann, Grace Joshy, Rosemary Korda, Sandra J. Eades, Vicki Wade, Hilary Bambrick, Bette Liu, and Emily Banks. "Obesity and its association with sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 6 (March 7, 2018): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210064.

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BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is the second leading contributor to Australia’s burden of disease and is particularly prevalent among Aboriginal peoples. This paper aims to provide insight into factors relating to obesity among Aboriginal adults and Aboriginal–non-Aboriginal differences.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of data from the 45 and Up Study, comparing obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) prevalence and risk factors among 1515 Aboriginal and 213 301 non-Aboriginal adults in New South Wales. Age–sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for obesity by sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and health status were estimated (multivariable log-binomial regression) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants separately. We quantified the extent to which key factors (physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness, area-level disadvantage) accounted for any excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ResultsObesity prevalence was 39% among Aboriginal and 22% among non-Aboriginal participants (PR=1.65, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.76). Risk factors for obesity were generally similar for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants and included individual-level and area-level disadvantage, physical inactivity, and poor physical and mental health, with steeper gradients observed among non-Aboriginal participants for some factors (Pinteraction <0.05). Many risk factors were more common among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants; key factors accounted for >40% of the excess Aboriginal obesity prevalence.ConclusionA substantial proportion of the excess obesity prevalence among Aboriginal versus non-Aboriginal participants was explained by physical activity, screen time, education, remoteness and area-level disadvantage. Socioeconomic and health behaviour factors are potential targets for promoting healthy BMI, but these must be considered within the context of upstream social and cultural factors. Adults with health needs and disability require particular attention.

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Lee, Caroline, Mark Hanly, Natasha Larter, Karen Zwi, Susan Woolfenden, and Louisa Jorm. "Demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalised unintentional poisoning in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal preschool children in New South Wales, Australia: a population data linkage study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e022633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022633.

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ObjectivesTo investigate differences in demographic and clinical characteristics of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children aged 0–4 years hospitalised for unintentional poisoning in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.Design and settingRetrospective whole-of-population cohort analysis of linked hospital and mortality data for 2000–2014.ParticipantsAll children (Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal) under the age of 5 years who were born in a hospital in NSW from 2000 to 2009.OutcomesThe primary outcome was hospitalisation for unintentional poisoning. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds of poisoning hospitalisation for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. Poisoning agents and clinical outcomes were compared by Aboriginality.ResultsThe cohort included 767 119 children, including 28 528 (3.7%) Aboriginal children. Aboriginal children had approximately three times higher rates of hospitalised poisoning (1.34%) compared with non-Aboriginal children (0.41%). Poisoning incidence peaked at 2–3 years of age. Male sex, socioeconomic disadvantage and geographical remoteness were associated with higher odds of poisoning hospitalisation for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children, but associations with disadvantage and remoteness were statistically significant only for non-Aboriginal children. Most (83%) poisonings were caused by pharmaceutical agents. Few Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children had repeat admissions for poisoning; most had a length of stay of 1 day or less. Only 8% of poisoning admissions involved contact with a social worker.ConclusionCommonly used medications in the general population contribute to poisonings among both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal preschool-aged children. This study highlights a need to develop culturally safe poisoning prevention strategies and policies.

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Gerry, Patrick, and Kate Johnson. "Cup-to-disc ratios of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youths." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 89, no. 5 (September 2006): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00047.x.

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Fogarty, Gerard J., and Colin White. "Differences between Values of Australian Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Students." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 25, no. 3 (September 1994): 394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022194253006.

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Letourneau, N. L., K. M. Hungler, and K. Fisher. "Low-income Canadian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal parent-child interactions." Child: Care, Health and Development 31, no. 5 (September 2005): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2005.00549.x.

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Butler, Tony, Stephen Allnutt, Azar Kariminia, and David Cain. "Mental Health Status of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Australian Prisoners." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 5 (May 2007): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701261210.

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Objective: To compare the mental health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners in New South Wales. Methods: The sample consisted of a cross-sectional random sample of sentenced prisoners, and a consecutive sample of reception prisoners. The sample was drawn from 29 correctional centres (27 male, two female) across New South Wales. Overall, 1208 men (226 Aboriginal), and 262 women (51 Aboriginal) participated in the study. Mental illness was detected using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-A) and a number of other screening measures incorporated into the programme. Results: No differences were detected in mental illness between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men, apart from depression, which was lower in the latter group. Aboriginal woman were more likely than non-Aboriginal women to screen positive for symptoms of psychosis in the prior 12 months and have a higher 1 month and 12 month prevalence of affective disorder; they also had higher psychological distress scores. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were the same in both groups. Conclusions: These findings confirm that the demand for mental health services in prisons is considerable, and that Aboriginal women are one of the most vulnerable groups. Services and programmes providing an alternative to incarceration are needed, as are culturally sensitive approaches to treatment.

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ALESSANDRI, L. M., A. W. READ, F. J. STANLEY, P. R. BURTON, and V. P. DAWES. "Sudden infant death syndrome in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 30, no. 3 (June 1994): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00625.x.

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Barber, J. G., P. H. Delfabbro, and L. Cooper. "Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in out-of-home care." Children Australia 25, no. 3 (2000): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009743.

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A full year’s intake of 38 Aboriginal children and 198 non-Aboriginal children referred for a new out-of-home placement in South Australia were studied as part of the first phase of a 3-year longitudinal study into the outcomes of alternative care. The baseline profile of this cohort revealed a number of significant racial and geographical differences between the children. Among the most important of these was an interaction between race and geographical location on length of time in care which indicated that Aboriginal children from metropolitan areas and non-Aboriginal children from rural areas had the longest histories of alternative care. In addition, Aboriginal children in metropolitan areas were the least likely to be referred into care for reasons of emotional abuse or neglect, no doubt because so many of them were already in alternative care at the time of the referral. Metropolitan Aboriginal children were also the unhealthiest and, together with rural non-Aborigines, the most likely to be under a court order at the time of placement. Overall, results are consistent with the proposition that metropolitan Aboriginal children and rural non-Aboriginal children are the most reliant on the formal alternative care system.

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Ho, P. S. "Differences in physician utilization between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children." Family Practice 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/17.5.414.

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Waechter, Randall, Eman Leung, Christine Wekerle, and Marlyn Bennett. "Cannabis Use Among Aboriginal Youth in the Non-Aboriginal Child Protection Services System." First Peoples Child & Family Review 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068900ar.

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The social, cultural and political contexts of vulnerability need to be considered in defining, understanding, and reducing substance abuse among maltreated youth with an Aboriginal background (MacNeil, 2008; Tatz, 1999). Aboriginal cultures tend to incorporate an ideology of collectivism that manifests in shared childrearing responsibilities within aboriginal families and communities (e.g., Dilworth-Anderson & Marshall, 1996). As such, Aboriginal children may identify with multiple and equally important attachment figures, and be more accepting of multiple caring adult guardians who can direct them away from risky behaviour (Christensen & Manson, 2001). We examined the relationship between cannabis use and reported identification with a caseworker among youth-identified Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adolescents randomly drawn from the active caseload of a large urban non-Aboriginal Child Protection Services (CPS) system. While an Aboriginal-specific child welfare agency exists in this catchment area, youth need to be identified as Aboriginal to be involved in that system and some youth with Aboriginal heritage inevitably end up in non-Aboriginal CPS agencies. There were no significant differences in rates of maltreatment, trauma symptomatology, or overall cannabis use between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in this study. However, Aboriginal youth who reported a more negative (i.e., low) identification with their caseworker were five times more likely to use cannabis in the past 12 months compared to Aboriginal youth who reported a more positive (i.e., medium-high) identification with their caseworker. These results suggest that having a moderate-to-high positive identification with caseworker may be a protective factor in regard to abstinence from cannabis use among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth in the non-Aboriginal CPS system.

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Coffey, Cushla, Yuejen Zhao, John R. Condon, Shu Li, and Steven Guthridge. "Acute myocardial infarction incidence and survival in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations: an observational study in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1992–2014." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e036979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036979.

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ObjectivesTo examine long-term trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence and survival among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting, participantsAll first AMI hospital cases and deaths due to ischaemic heart disease in the Northern Territory of Australia (NT), 1992–2014.Main outcome measuresAge standardised incidence, survival and mortality.ResultsThe upward trend in Aboriginal AMI incidence plateaued around 2007 for males and 2001 for females. AMI incidence decreased for non-Aboriginal population, consistent with the national trends. AMI incidence was higher and survival lower for males, for Aboriginal people and in older age groups. In 2014, the age standardised incidence was 881 and 579 per 100 000 for Aboriginal males and females, respectively, compared with 290 and 187 per 100 000 for non-Aboriginal counterparts. The incidence disparity between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population was much greater in younger than older age groups. Survival after an AMI improved over time, and more so for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal patients, because of a decrease in prehospital deaths and improved survival of hospitalised cases.ConclusionsThere was an important breakpoint in increasing trends of Aboriginal AMI incidence between 2001 and 2007. The disparity in AMI survival between the NT Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations reduced over time as survival improved for both populations.

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Lamb, Danielle, Margaret Yap, and Michael Turk. "Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Wage Gaps in Canada: Evidence from the 2011 National Household Survey." Articles 73, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 225–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1048569ar.

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The fact that Aboriginal peoples in Canada have experienced sizable and persistent earnings disadvantages is well documented. However, the most recent estimates of Aboriginal-non-Aboriginal wage differentials utilize data from the 2006 Census. The present analysis seeks to address this gap by providing more recent estimates of Aboriginal earnings disparities for various groups of full-time, full-year workers using data from the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS). We estimate and decompose Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal wage gaps at the mean for a number of different Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal groups living on- and off- reserve. We find that, consistent with previous literature, Aboriginal peoples continue to experience sizable earnings disparities relative to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. We find that Aboriginal Identity respondents living on-reserve experience the largest earnings disparity, followed by males who identify as First Nations and live off-reserve. Respondents who report Aboriginal ancestry, but who do not identify as Aboriginal persons, experience the smallest earnings disadvantage. Results of the decomposition analysis reveal that, unsurprisingly, educational attainment is the most salient factor contributing to the explained portion of the earnings disparity between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Somewhat disconcerting, we find that where wage disparities are the largest, the explained proportion of the gap tends to be the smallest. Although previous studies can only serve as a rough comparator, relative to earlier estimates of Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal wage differentials using previous census periods, we find that earnings disparities among Aboriginal ancestry groups have remained relatively constant; wage gaps for Aboriginal identity groups have narrowed slightly; while the earnings disadvantage has widened for Aboriginal identity persons living on-reserve. Research and policy programs aimed at improving educational attainment and access to employment among Indigenous peoples are likely worthwhile initiatives. However, more research is needed on the potential role of discrimination in contributing to the persistent earnings disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons in Canada.

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Gao, Zhiwei, Brian H. Rowe, Carina Majaesic, Cindy O’Hara, and A. Senthilselvan. "Prevalence of Asthma and Risk Factors for Asthma-Like Symptoms in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Children in the Northern Territories of Canada." Canadian Respiratory Journal 15, no. 3 (2008): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/302407.

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BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Canadian Aboriginal children.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms, as well as the risk factors for asthma-like symptoms, in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in the northern territories of Canada.METHODS: Data on 2404 children, aged between 0 and 11 years, who participated in the North component of the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth were used in the present study. A child was considered to have an asthma-like symptom if there was a report of ever having had asthma, asthma attacks or wheeze in the past 12 months.RESULTS: After excluding 59 children with missing information about race, 1399 children (59.7%) were of Aboriginal ancestry. The prevalence of asthma was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Aboriginal children (5.7%) than non-Aboriginal children (10.0%), while the prevalence of wheeze was similar between Aboriginal (15.0%) and non-Aboriginal (14.5%) children. In Aboriginal children, infants and toddlers had a significantly greater prevalence of asthma-like symptoms (30.0%) than preschool-aged children (21.5%) and school-aged children (11.5%). Childhood allergy and a mother’s daily smoking habit were significant risk factors for asthma-like symptoms in both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. In addition, infants and toddlers were at increased risk of asthma-like symptoms in Aboriginal children. In analyses restricted to specific outcomes, a mother’s daily smoking habit was a significant risk factor for current wheeze in Aboriginal children and for ever having had asthma in non-Aboriginal children.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma prevalence appears to be lower in Aboriginal children than in non-Aboriginal children. The association between daily maternal smoking and asthma-like symptoms, which has been mainly reported for children living in urban areas, was observed in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in northern and remote communities in Canada.

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Costa, Nadia, Mary Sullivan, Rae Walker, and Kerin M. Robinson. "Emergency Department Presentations of Victorian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People." Health Information Management Journal 37, no. 3 (October 2008): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830803700303.

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This paper explains how routinely collected data can be used to examine the emergency department attendances of Victorian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The data reported in the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) for the 2006/2007 financial year were analysed. The presentations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal people were compared in terms of age, gender, hospital location (metropolitan and rural) and presenting condition. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were found to attend the emergency department 1.8 times more often than non-Aboriginal people. While the emergency department presentation rates of metropolitan Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal people were similar, rural Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presented to the emergency department 2.3 times more often than non-Aboriginal people. The injuries or poisonings, respiratory conditions and mental disorders presentation rates of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal population were compared. No previous studies have assessed the accuracy of the Indigenous status and diagnosis fields in the VEMD; therefore the quality of this data is unknown.

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Willows, Noreen D., Paul Veugelers, Kim Raine, and Stefan Kuhle. "Prevalence and sociodemographic risk factors related to household food security in Aboriginal peoples in Canada." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 8 (August 2009): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980008004345.

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AbstractObjectiveCanada’s Aboriginal population is vulnerable to food insecurity and increasingly lives off-reserve. The Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2 Nutrition, was used to compare the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity between non-Aboriginal and off-reserve Aboriginal households.DesignFood insecurity status was based on Health Canada’s revised interpretation of responses to the US Household Food Security Survey Module. Logistic regression was used to assess if Aboriginal households were at higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households, adjusting for household sociodemographic factors.SettingCanada.SubjectsHouseholds (n35,107), 1528 Aboriginal and 33 579 non-Aboriginal.ResultsThirty-three per cent of Aboriginal households were food insecure as compared with 9 % of non-Aboriginal households (univariate OR 5·2, 95 % CI 4·2, 6·3). Whereas 14 % of Aboriginal households had severe food insecurity, 3 % of non-Aboriginal households did. The prevalence of sociodemographic risk factors for household food insecurity was higher for Aboriginal households. Aboriginal households were more likely to have three or more children (14 %v. 5 %), be lone-parent households (2 1 %v. 5 %), not have home ownership (52 %v. 31 %), have educational attainment of secondary school or less (43 %v. 26 %), have income from sources other than wages or salaries (38 %v. 29 %), and be in the lowest income adequacy category (33 %v. 12 %). Adjusted for these sociodemographic factors, Aboriginal households retained a higher risk for food insecurity than non-Aboriginal households (OR 2·6, 95 % CI 2·1, 3·2).ConclusionsOff-reserve Aboriginal households in Canada merit special attention for income security and poverty alleviation initiatives.

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Kickett-Tucker, Cheryl S. "How Aboriginal Peer Interactions in Upper Primary School Sport Support Aboriginal Identity." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 37, no. 1 (2008): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100016185.

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AbstractThis ethnographic study tested the hypothesis that positive social interactions in sport will contribute positively to the Aboriginal identity of urban, Australian Aboriginal children. Nine male and female children aged 11-12 years were observed and interviewed. Significant responses were extracted and meanings were identified and grouped into various themes (Colaizzi, 1978). Interactions between Aboriginal participants were different from interactions with non-Aboriginal children and each provided different sources of information toward children's Aboriginal identity. The hypothesis was supported because the outcomes of interactions in sport among Aboriginal children enabled them to positively express their Aboriginal identity together in a group, speak an Aboriginal language and interact with each other in ways that further affirmed their Aboriginal identity. In comparison, non-Aboriginal peers contributed positively to Aboriginal student's self-esteem because of the positive feedback they provided in school sport. Furthermore, non-Aboriginal students' social interactions with Aboriginal peers were purposeful for making friends, acceptance and respect between each other.

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McIntyre, Ian, Cindy Boughen, Elly Trepman, and John M. Embil. "Foot and Ankle Problems of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Diabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease." Foot & Ankle International 28, no. 6 (June 2007): 674–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2007.0674.

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Background: There is little information available about the profile of lower extremity morbidity in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Canadian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population. Method: A retrospective review of medical records in 127 diabetic patients on hemodialysis at a tertiary health care center was performed. Patient interviews and physical examinations were performed in 77 of these patients (36 Aboriginal, 41 non-Aboriginal), and followup evaluation was done in 39 patients at an average of 1 year later. Results: Aboriginal patients were an average of 7 years younger than non-Aboriginal patients. Comorbidities of diabetes and ESRD were frequent. Peripheral neuropathy and inability to occlude the vessels were present in the majority of feet. Lower extremity complications were frequent, including prior foot ulcer in the majority of patients and an amputation in more than one fourth of the patients. Aboriginal patients had a significantly greater frequency of prior foot ulcer, mean number of foot ulcers per patient, amputation, prior osteomyelitis, and Charcot foot than non-Aboriginal patients. Almost all patients were at risk for future foot ulcer, but many patients did not inspect their feet daily. Home care was significantly less frequently available for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal patients. The majority of patients had inadequate custom or prefabricated shoes and did not wear insoles on the day of examination. Aboriginal patients cited financial cost, insufficient family support, and language barriers as reasons for inadequate foot care and footwear more frequently than non-Aboriginal subjects. A significantly smaller frequency of Aboriginal patients had good knowledge of footwear or diet than non-Aboriginal patients. Conclusions: Lower extremity complications were significantly more frequent in Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal diabetic patients with ESRD. Financial cost and knowledge deficit were barriers to adequate foot care and footwear. These findings support the need for a formal foot care and footwear program for this high-risk population.

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Downs, Sara H., Guy B. Marks, Elena G. Belosouva, and Jennifer K. Peat. "Asthma and hayfever in Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children living in non‐remote rural towns." Medical Journal of Australia 175, no. 1 (July 2001): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143503.x.

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Katzenellenbogen, J., F. Sanfilippo, M. Hobbs, T. Briffa, M. Knuiman, L. Dimer, K. Taylor, P. Thompson, and S. Thompson. "Aboriginal to Non-aboriginal Differentials in Two-year Outcomes of Non-fatal Incident Myocardial Infarction." Heart, Lung and Circulation 20 (January 2011): S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.592.

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Matthias, Gamal S. H., and Gwyneth Morgan. "Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal perinatal deaths in Darwin: a comparative view." Medical Journal of Australia 156, no. 8 (April 1992): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb121413.x.

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Blackstock, Cindy, Nico Trocmé, and Marlyn Bennett. "Child Maltreatment Investigations Among Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Families in Canada." Violence Against Women 10, no. 8 (August 2004): 901–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801204266312.

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Pedersen, Jeanette Somlak, Lorraine Halinka Malcoe, and Jane Pulkingham. "Explaining Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Inequalities in Postseparation Violence Against Canadian Women." Violence Against Women 19, no. 8 (August 2013): 1034–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801213499245.

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Maxim, Paul S., Jerry E. White, Dan Beavon, and Paul C. Whitehead. "Dispersion and Polarization of Income among Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Canadians*." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 38, no. 4 (July 14, 2008): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.2001.tb00982.x.

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Goulet, Stephen, Elly Trepman, Mary Cheang MMath, Joshua Koulack, Hank Fong, Frank Duerksen, Bruce Martin, J. Neil Simonsen, Lindsay Nicolle, and John Embil. "Revascularization for peripheral vascular disease in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients." Journal of Vascular Surgery 43, no. 4 (April 2006): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.11.058.

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Chang, Y.-M., C.-K. Shen, C.-H. Chiu, H.-J. Chiang, L.-C. Lu, and S.-H. Liou. "Burden of tuberculosis among aboriginal and non-aboriginal Taiwanese, 1996–2006." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.09.0579.

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Doob, Anthony N., and Jane B. Sprott. "The Sentencing of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Youth: Understanding Local Variation." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 49, no. 1 (January 2007): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/l374-610q-355j-ng25.

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Miller, Paul. "Metamorphosis: Travel narratives and aboriginal/non‐aboriginal relations in the 1930s." Journal of Australian Studies 26, no. 75 (January 2002): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443050209387806.

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Whyatt, David, Matthew Yap, Raji Tenneti, Glenn Pearson, and Alistair Vickery. "Hospital use in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients with chronic disease." Emergency Medicine Australasia 29, no. 5 (April 16, 2017): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12779.

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Dillon, Anthony, Rhonda G. Craven, Gurvinder Kaur, and Alexander Seeshing Yeung. "Support for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian students’ wellbeing at school." International Journal of Educational Research 99 (2020): 101520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.101520.

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Ng, Carmina, Paul N. Corey, and T. Kue Young. "Socio-economic Patterns of Obesity Among Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Canadians." Canadian Journal of Public Health 102, no. 4 (July 2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404046.

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Nelson, Chantal, Karen M. Lawford, Victoria Otterman, and Elizabeth K. Darling. "Mental health indicators among pregnant Aboriginal women in Canada: results from the Maternity Experiences Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 38, no. 7/8 (August 2018): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.38.7/8.01.

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Introduction There is little research done on mental health among pregnant Aboriginal women. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and its determinants, including pre-existing depression among non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal women in Canada. Methods The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) is a national survey of Canadian women’s experiences and practices before conception, up to the early months of parenthood. Predictors of PPD were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel correction method relative to the risk estimates based on the odds ratio from adjusted regression analysis. The analysis was conducted among women who self-identified as Aboriginal (Inuit, Métis or First Nations living off-reserve) and those who identified as non-Aboriginal. Results The prevalence of pre-existing depression was higher among self-reported First Nations off-reserve and Métis women than non-Aboriginal women. Inuit women had the lowest prevalence of self-reported pre-existing depression, and Aboriginal women reported a higher prevalence of PPD than non-Aboriginal women. Pre-existing depression was not a predictor for PPD for Inuit or Métis women in this study but was a positive predictor among First Nations off-reserve and non-Aboriginal women. A disproportionally higher number of Aboriginal women reported experiencing abuse, as compared to non-Aboriginal women. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that common predictors of PPD including anxiety, experiencing stressful life events during pregnancy, having low levels of social support, and a previous history of depression were consistent among non-Aboriginal women. However, with the exception of the number of stressful events among First Nations offreserve, these were not associated with PPD among Aboriginal women. This information can be used to further increase awareness of mental health indicators among Aboriginal women.

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Zhao, Yuejen, Steven Guthridge, Henrik Falhammar, Howard Flavell, and Dominique A. Cadilhac. "Cost-effectiveness of stroke care in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients: an observational cohort study in the Northern Territory of Australia." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 2017): e015033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015033.

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ObjectiveTo assess cost-effectiveness of stroke care for Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal patients in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis using data from a cohort-based follow-up study of stroke incidents.SettingPublic hospitals in the NT from 1992 to 2013.ParticipantsIndividual patient data were extracted and linked from the hospital inpatient and primary care information systems.Outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated and assessed graphically. Survival time was used to measure effectiveness of stroke care, in comparison with the net costs per life-year gained, from a healthcare perspective, by applying multivariable models to account for time-dependent confounding.Results2158 patients with incident stroke were included (1171 males, 1178 aged <65 years and 966 from remote areas). 992 patients were of Aboriginal origin (46.0%, disproportionately higher than the population proportion of 27%). Of all cases, 42.6% were ischaemic and 29.8% haemorrhagic stroke. Average age of stroke onset was 51 years in Aboriginal, compared with 65 years in non-Aboriginal patients (p<0.001). Aboriginal patients had 71.4% more hospital bed-days, and 7.4% fewer procedures than non-Aboriginal patients. Observed health costs averaged $A50 400 per Aboriginal compared with $A33 700 per non-Aboriginal patient (p<0.001). The differential costs and effects for each population were distributed evenly across the incremental cost-effectiveness plane threshold line, indicating no difference in cost-effectiveness between populations. After further adjustment for confounding and censoring, cost-effectiveness appeared greater for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal patients, but this was not statistically significant (p=0.25).ConclusionsStroke care for the NT Aboriginal population is at least as cost-effective as the non-Aboriginal population. Stroke care presents worthwhile and equitable survival benefits for Aboriginal patients in remote communities, notwithstanding their higher level burden of disease. These findings are relevant for healthcare planning and policy development regarding equal access to stroke care for Aboriginal patients.

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Cashman, Patrick, Sally-Anne Munnoch, Katrina Clark, Natalie Allan, Stephen Clarke, Kristine Macartney, and David Durrheim. "The Aboriginal gap in online active vaccine safety surveillance." Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/aihjournal.v1n1.3.

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Objectives: To investigate if Aboriginal people are equally included in new forms of vaccine safety post-marketing surveillance that support safety signal detection and confidence in the vaccine program by comparing the use of Vaxtracker active adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) surveillance between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal parents of vaccinated children. Methods: In 2016, automated AEFI surveillance was conducted to monitor seasonal influenza vaccine in children aged 18 months to less than 5 years and for DTPa vaccine after the inclusion of a new dose at 18 months of age. To explore reasons for non-response, Aboriginal Immunisation Officers contacted the parents/carers of 24 (48.0%) Aboriginal children and 31 (26.7%) non-Aboriginal children who did not respond to the online survey. Results: There were differential response rates for both vaccines between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal enrolees; 56.4% vs 76.8% (p=0.005) and 55.1% vs 78.2% (p Conclusion: New systems of vaccine safety surveillance may not adequately include Aboriginal people. Implications: Vaccine safety surveillance systems need to be designed to ensure high levels of participation and response from Aboriginal people.

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Laugharne, Jonathan. "Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 6 (June 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.6.364.

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When the Australian Governor General, Sir William Deane, referred in a speech in 1996 to the “appalling problems relating to Aboriginal health” he was not exaggerating. The Australia Bureau of Statistics report on The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than non-Aboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal Australians. Death rates from infectious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals – and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded.

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Kuwornu, JP, LM Lix, and S. Shooshtari. "Multimorbidity disease clusters in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Caucasian populations in Canada." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, no. 4 (November 2014): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.4.05.

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Introduction Patterns of multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases, may not be constant across populations. Our study objectives were to compare prevalence estimates of multimorbidity in the Aboriginal population in Canada and a matched non-Aboriginal Caucasian population and identify the chronic diseases that cluster in these groups. Methods We used data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to identify adult (≥ 18 years) respondents who self-identified as Aboriginal or non-Aboriginal Caucasian origin and reported having 2 or more of the 15 most prevalent chronic conditions measured in the CCHS. Aboriginal respondents who met these criteria were matched on sex and age to non-Aboriginal Caucasian respondents. Analyses were stratified by age (18–54 years and ≥ 55 years). Prevalence was estimated using survey weights. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify disease clusters. Results A total of 1642 Aboriginal respondents were matched to the same number of non-Aboriginal Caucasian respondents. Overall, 38.9% (95% CI: 36.5%–41.3%) of Aboriginal respondents had two or more chronic conditions compared to 30.7% (95% CI: 28.9%–32.6%) of non-Aboriginal respondents. Comparisons of LCA results revealed that three or four clusters provided the best fit to the data. There were similarities in the diseases that tended to co-occur amongst older groups in both populations, but differences existed between the populations amongst the younger groups. Conclusion We found a small group of younger Aboriginal respondents who had complex co-occurring chronic diseases; these individuals may especially benefit from disease management programs.

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Reekie, Joanne, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S. Hocking, John M. Kaldor, Donna B. Mak, Sallie Pearson, et al. "Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity in Western Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women 2001–2013: a population-based cohort study." Sexual Health 14, no. 6 (2017): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16207.

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Background: This study aimed to examine trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women of reproductive age. Methods: A cohort of 318002 women, born between 1974 and 1995, residing in Western Australia (WA) was determined from birth registrations and the 2014 electoral roll. This cohort was then probabilistically linked to all records of chlamydia and gonorrhoea nucleic acid amplification tests conducted by two large WA pathology laboratories between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2013. Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity were investigated over time and stratified by Aboriginality and age group. Results: The proportion of women tested annually for chlamydia increased significantly between 2001 and 2013 from 24.5% to 36.6% in Aboriginal and 4.0% to 8.5% in non-Aboriginal women (both P-values <0.001). Concurrent testing was high (>80%) and so patterns of gonorrhoea testing were similar. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity were substantially higher in Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal women; age-, region- and year-adjusted incidence rate ratios were 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.69, P < 0.001) and 11.80 (95% CI 10.77–12.91, P < 0.001) respectively. Chlamydia positivity increased significantly in non-Aboriginal women aged 15–19 peaking in 2011 at 13.3% (95% CI 12.5–14.2%); trends were less consistent among 15–19-year-old Aboriginal women but positivity also peaked in 2011 at 18.5% (95% CI 16.9–20.2%). Gonorrhoea positivity was 9.7% (95% CI 9.3–10.1%), 6.7% (95% CI 6.4–7.0%), 4.7% (4.4–5.0%), and 3.1% (2.8–3.4%) among Aboriginal women aged respectively 15–19, 20–24, 25–29 and ≥30 years, compared with <1% in all age groups in non-Aboriginal women. Over time, gonorrhoea positivity declined in all age groups among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. Conclusion: Between 2001 and 2013 in WA chlamydia and gonorrhoea positivity remained highest in young Aboriginal women despite chlamydia positivity increasing among young non-Aboriginal women. More effective prevention strategies, particularly for young Aboriginal women, are needed to address these disparities.

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Ospina, Maria B., Donald C. Voaklander, Michael K. Stickland, Malcolm King, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, and Brian H. Rowe. "Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies." Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, no. 6 (2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/825107.

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BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.

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Martin-Kerry, Jacqueline M., Martin Whelan, John Rogers, Anil Raichur, Deborah Cole, and Andrea M. de Silva. "Addressing disparities in oral disease in Aboriginal people in Victoria: where to focus preventive programs." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18100.

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The aim of this study is to determine where Aboriginal people living in Victoria attend public oral health services; whether they access Aboriginal-specific or mainstream services; and the gap between dental caries (tooth decay) experience in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. Analysis was undertaken on routinely collected clinical data for Aboriginal patients attending Victorian public oral health services and the distribution of Aboriginal population across Victoria. Approximately 27% of Aboriginal people attended public oral health services in Victoria across a 2-year period, with approximately one in five of those accessing care at Aboriginal-specific clinics. In regional Victoria, 6-year-old Aboriginal children had significantly higher levels of dental caries than 6-year-old non-Aboriginal children. There was no significant difference in other age groups. This study is the first to report where Aboriginal people access public oral health care in Victoria and the disparity in disease between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal users of the Victorian public oral healthcare system. Aboriginal people largely accessed mainstream public oral healthcare clinics highlighting the importance for culturally appropriate services and prevention programs to be provided across the entire public oral healthcare system. The findings will guide development of policy and models of care aimed at improving the oral health of Aboriginal people living in Victoria.

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Smylie, Janet, Deshayne Fell, and Arne Ohlsson. "A Review of Aboriginal Infant Mortality Rates in Canada: Striking and Persistent Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal Inequities." Canadian Journal of Public Health 101, no. 2 (March 2010): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404361.

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Lamb, Danielle. "The Economic Impact of the Great Recession on Aboriginal People Living off Reserve in Canada." Articles 70, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 457–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033406ar.

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Summary The present analysis seeks to examine whether the 2008 recession had a differential impact on Aboriginal as compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians as measured by the differences in the probability of unemployment between the two groups. Specifically, the present study tests two hypotheses: 1- Aboriginal people have been disproportionately burdened by the Great Recession as compared to non-Aboriginal people, and as a consequence; 2- Aboriginal people are more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be discouraged workers. The study uses data obtained from the master files of the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2007 to 2012 inclusive to estimate the probability that an individual is unemployed based on a set of observable characteristics for a sample of labour force participants. The methodology begins by estimating a pooled model across all years, which includes controls for Aboriginal identity. Secondly, individual models of the probability of unemployment are estimated for each year for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal labour force participants. The difference in the probability of unemployment from pooled models estimated separately for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples are decomposed to reveal the proportion of the gap that is due to differences in observable characteristics between the two groups and the amount of the gap that is attributable to differential returns to those characteristics. To investigate the second hypothesis, the study estimates the probability that a respondent is a discouraged worker based on the entire sample of both economically active and inactive persons (i.e. labour force participants and well as those not in the labour force). The results of both the pooled and individual models of the probability of unemployment support the first hypothesis, that Aboriginal peoples were disproportionately burdened by the 2008 recession as seen in higher and more enduring probabilities of unemployment. By the 2012, estimated unemployment rates had roughly returned to their pre-recessionary levels for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal respondents with strongest labour force attachments. When individuals with weaker labour force attachments (i.e. those who have been unemployed for more than twelve months) are included in the analysis, the gap between the probability of unemployment for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons widens. Furthermore, the second hypothesis, that Aboriginal people are more likely to be discouraged workers, was supported, as Aboriginal people were more likely to be discouraged workers in 2008-2010 and 2012.

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Hill, Bob. "Aborigines and Their Central Schools: Part II - The Teachers’ Perceptions." Aboriginal Child at School 17, no. 4 (September 1989): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006908.

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Part I of this article outlined the findings of a 1987 study of attitudes of Aboriginal students in 19 New South Wales Central Schools. It showed that, despite higher attrition rates, Aboriginal children seemed to be as favourably disposed towards their schools as were their non-Aboriginal peers.Part II, drawing from the same Central Schools study, compares the perceptions of teachers in these Central Schools according to whether the schools were ‘predominantly Aboriginal’, ‘significantly Aboriginal’ or ‘non-Aboriginal’.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Aboriginal'

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