Books: 'Nominal structure'

1

Schürcks, Lilia, Anastasia Giannakidou, and Urtzi Etxeberria, eds. The Nominal Structure in Slavic and Beyond. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781614512790.

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Giannakidou, Anastasia, Lilia Schürcks, and Urtzi Etxeberria. The nominal structure in Slavic and beyond. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.

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3

Park, Jae Won. Changing uncertainty and the time-varying risk premia in the term structure of nominal interest rates. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1990.

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4

Structures du syntagme nominal français: Étude statistique. Paris: Champion, 1989.

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5

Functional structure in nominals: Nominalization and ergativity. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2001.

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6

Schaaik, Gerjan van. The noun in Turkish: Its argument structure and the compounding straitjacket. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2002.

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7

Khalaily, Samir. One syntax for all categories: Merginmg nominal atoms in multiple adjunction structures. The Hague: Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics, 1997.

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8

Frans, Plank, and European Science Foundation, eds. Noun phrase structure in the languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2003.

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9

name, No. Anaphores pronominales et nominales: Tudes pragma-smantiques. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001.

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10

1933-, Mulder Walter de, Vet Co, and Vetters Carl 1964-, eds. Anaphores pronominales et nominales: Études pragma-sémantiques. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001.

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11

Ambler, Steve. Nominal rigidities and exchange rate pass-through in a structural model of a small open economy. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 2003.

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12

St-Amant, Pierre. Decomposing U.S. nominal interest rates into expected inflation and ex ante real interest rates using structural VAR methodology. Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 1996.

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13

St-Amant, Pierre. Decomposing U.S. nominal interest rates into expected inflation and ex ante real interest rates using structural VAR methodology. Ottawa, Ont: Bank of Canada, 1996.

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14

Sokolova, Elena. Onomastic space of monuments of writing of Kievan Rus. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1869553.

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The monograph is devoted to the problem of recreating the linguistic-ethnic unity of the Old Russian anthroponymic and toponymic systems, the discovery of direct connections between the proper name and mental landmarks. The monograph provides a comprehensive description of the onomasticon of ancient Russian monuments of writing in line with comparative historical linguistics, taking into account the encyclopedic, ethnolinguistic and etymological characteristics of proper names. The system and structure of the onomastic space of monuments of ecclesiastical and secular content of the XI-XIII centuries are investigated, conceptual approaches to their description are proposed. The study of the functions of proper names, their morphemics and semantics allowed us to establish the national and cultural specifics of the Old Russian onomastic vocabulary, to determine the prospects for its evolution, as well as the formation of the modern Russian anthroponymic system. Modeling of the Old Russian onomastic space both in the field of anthroponymy and toponymy takes into account the connection of proper names with contextual usage. The participation of nominal signs in the formation of the space of written and artistic texts of the era of the Kievan state is based on the attachment of certain proper names to texts of a religious and secular nature. Nomination in the space of proper names is considered in the monograph not only as a process of activity of a creative nature, but also as a means of onymic word production in the older era. It is addressed to specialists in historical lexicology and onomastics, language history, teachers of literature, local historians.

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15

Verkuyl, H. J. A theory of aspectuality: The interaction between temporal and atemporal structure. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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16

The signs of determination: Constraint-based modelling across languages. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2007.

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17

Pieter, Muysken, ed. Mixed categories: Nominalizations in Quechua. Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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18

Giannakidou, Anastasia, and Urtzi Etxeberria. Nominal Structure in Slavic and Beyond. De Gruyter, Inc., 2013.

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19

Jiménez-Fernández, Ángel L. Syntax-Information Structure Interactions in the Sentential, Verbal and Nominal Peripheries. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020.

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20

Jiang, Li Julie. Nominal Arguments and Language Variation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084165.001.0001.

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This book investigates nominal arguments in classifier languages. A long-held claim is that classifier languages do not have overt article determiners (D). This book, however, brings to the forefront the theoretical investigation on the typologically unique Nuosu Yi, a classifier language that will be shown to have an overt article determiner. By comparing nominal arguments in Nuosu Yi to those in Mandarin, the book provides a parametric account of variation among classifier languages and extends the account to argument formation in general. This book begins with a detailed examination of bare numeral classifier phrases in Mandarin by comparing them with bare numeral noun phrases in number marking languages, such as English, French, and Russian. The book argues for a unified structure of bare numeral containing phrases with no reference to D across languages as well as for a D-less structure for various types of nominal arguments in Mandarin. It further studies nominal argument formation in Nuosu Yi. The facts from Nuosu Yi essentially alter the landscape of empirical data and constitute an immediate (prima facie) challenge to the proposed analysis of nominal arguments based on the Mandarin data. This book argues that despite the fact that Nuosu Yi has an overt article determiner, this should not force us to change anything about the proposed analysis of nominal arguments. Lastly, the book puts the analysis of Mandarin and Nuosu Yi nominal arguments in a broader, cross-linguistic perspective and develops a parametric account of variation in nominal argument formation in general.

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21

Krifka, Manfred. Quantification and Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.35.

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The chapter provides an overview of the interaction between quantification and information-structural properties, especially focus, givenness, and topic. While quantification affects truth conditions, information-structuring devices can have an effect on the interpretation of quantificational expressions. After a short introduction to the nature of quantification, the chapter covers the main areas where such effects have been identified, in particular in adverbial quantification, in generic clauses, in conditional sentences, and in sentences with nominal (or determiner) quantification, including intersective determiners and comparative determiners likemost. It reviews different theoretical proposals how this sensitivity to information-structural categories arises, in particular whether they are related to focus or givenness. It also discusses cases in which the quantifier itself is topical, given, or focused.

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22

Levels of Constituent Structure in New Testament Greek (Studies in Biblical Greek). Peter Lang Publishing, 1995.

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23

Taraldsen, Knut Tarald. Spanning versus Constituent Lexicalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0003.

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This chapter seeks to evaluate the relative merits of two competing views of how lexical insertion should work in a nanosyntactic framework. One view holds that a sequence of heads meeting certain conditions, a “span,” can be replaced by a single morpheme even when those heads do not form a constituent in the input tree. The other view allows lexical insertion only to target constituents. The article focuses on certain properties of portmanteau prefixes identified by investigating the nominal class prefixes in Bantu languages. Accounting for portmanteau prefixes looks like a serious challenge to the theory restricting lexical insertion to constituents. They can be accommodated by positing only a richer syntactic structure than is usual. However, various empirical arguments show that the richer syntactic structure is in fact needed in an analysis of the nominal class prefixes in Bantu and that this conclusion extends to class prefixes in other languages.

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24

Kaufman, Daniel. Lexical Category and Alignment in Austronesian. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.24.

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Philippine-type languages are often cited as exemplifying a cross-linguistically unique voice system, in which verb morphology can select not only an agent or patient, but also locative, instrumental and other adjunct type relations as the nominative argument. In this paper, we examine three approaches to this typologically remarkable system: the ergative analysis, the case agreement analysis and the nominalization analysis, arguing for the latter based on strong parallels between verbal and nominal predication from the root level to the clause level. The morphologically symmetric nature of Philippine-type languages is argued to stem from their nominal roots. The historical development of verbal roots leads to a more fixed argument structure in which canonical ergative languages develop. Mamuju, an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is offered as an example of a classically ergative language, in contrast to Philippine-type systems.

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25

Allen, Shanley. Polysynthesis in the Acquisition of Inuit Languages. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.25.

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In this chapter, I begin by briefly outlining the structure of Inuit (Eskimo) languages and the challenges they present for child language development. In the bulk of the chapter, I review the existing literature on the first language, impaired, and bilingual acquisition of Inuit languages (i.e. Inuktitut and West Greenlandic) from ages 1 through 16 years. Structures covered include nursery vocabulary, word-internal derivational morphology, verbal and nominal inflectional morphology, other complex morphology, noun incorporation, passive, causative, valency alternations, argument realization, and tense and aspect. I also briefly cover aspects of language socialization, narrative acquisition, and the effects on Inuit language acquisition of increasing use of majority languages. I conclude with a summary of our knowledge so far and directions for further research.

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26

Arche, María J., Antonio Fábregas, and Rafael Marín, eds. The Grammar of Copulas Across Languages. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829850.001.0001.

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Copular verbs and copular sentences have been for many years a central issue in the theoretical discussions about the nature of (light) verbs and other grammatical categories, the ingredients of predication structures, the properties of nominal categories, agreement, and the interaction between syntax and semantics at the level of clause structure. The current research on copulas has gone beyond the investigation of what kind of objects they are, and has implications for the nature of agreement and other formal processes in syntax and morphology, as well as proposals about the types of structure building operations available in natural languages, the types of features that lexical selection is sensitive to, and the possibility that languages have access to semantically-empty elements required for the satisfaction of purely formal properties. The twelve works included in this volume illustrate the state of the art of these discussions through the analysis of detailed patterns of data from a variety of languages.

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27

Anderson, Gregory D. S. Polysynthesis in Sora (Munda) with Special Reference to Noun Incorporation. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.50.

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The Munda language Sora, an Austroasiatic language, has a developed system of noun incorporation. One can always distinguish a structure with incorporation from one that lacks this as the nominal component that is found incorporated into the Sora verbal stem appears in the so-called ‘combining form’ (CF). This CF contrasts with an obligatorily bimoraic syntactically free-standing form of the noun that is lexically associated with the CF, derived through a lexically-determined means of affixation or compounding that includes reduplication, prefixation, infixation, and compounding. Only certain incorporated structures in Sora reduce the valence of the resulting structure, while others do not. Sora is also among the few languages attested that permits verbal constructs with more than one noun incorporated. In Sora a transitive verb may also incorporate its agent argument. Further, these incorporated stems remain transitive in Sora: they allow for the formal indexing of objects as well within in the incorporated complex.

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28

Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari, Behrooz. Morphology. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.10.

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This chapter is a description of Persian morphology, which intends to provide a general sketch of the morphological features and processes found in Persian. Therefore, after a general study of the Persian morphemes, nominal and verbal morphologies of Persian are introduced, together with a description of the compounding process in both, as well as other methods of word formation in Persian. In our general sketch of the Persian Morphemes, lexical and functional morphemes are presented, and in the study of functional morphemes, free and bound ones have been studied. In terms of Persian nominal morphology, our study of the pronominal morphology preceeds the study of the nouns, and in verbal morphology, the verb with its structure and functions has been studied. In a separate part on compounding, this very common word-formation process of Persian has been presented, and the minor word-formation types of Persian morphology have also been considered.

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29

Functional Structure in Nominals: Nominalization and Ergativity. Benjamins Publishing Company, John, 2001.

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30

Hu, Xuhui. Theoretical foundations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.003.0002.

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Adopting the constructivist approach, especially building on Borer’s (2005a, b, 2013a) XS Model, two theoretical elements in the theory of the syntax of events are put forward. The first element concerns the specific constraints on the interaction between conceptual meaning and syntactic derivation. The content of the predicate will be integrated into the interpretation derived from the syntax via a set of Integration Conditions, according to which, the interpretation derived from syntax licenses the legitimacy of the predicate content. The second theoretical assumption is the addition of the DivP to the event phrase (EP) structure. A verbal feature is in nature an [iDiv] feature, which is equivalent to the interpretable feature provided by the classifier in the nominal domain. The stative/dynamic interpretation of an event is tied to the value of the [iDiv] feature, which further explains the grammatical distinction between two types of homogeneous predicates.

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31

Ferrando, Ignacio. The adnominal linker -an in Andalusi Arabic, with special reference to the poetry of Ibn Quzmān (twelfth century). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701378.003.0004.

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This chapter describes a syntactical structure typical of Andalusi Arabic, as well as many other Arabic varieties: the use of a nominal suffix -an/-in after an indefinite noun followed by a modifier. Some scholars have linked this morpheme to the so-called tanwīn (‘nunation’), the morpheme of indefiniteness of Classical Arabic. However, both the synchronic analysis of the linguistic facts as they appear in the Andalusi corpus explored in this chapter (the poetry of Ibn Quzmān, twelfth century) and the use of this suffix in other Arabic dialects suggest a different function. The adnominal linker represents not an indefiniteness morpheme or the remains of the tanwīn of Classical Arabic, but a syntactic connection between the indefinite noun and its modifier. It was not a sporadic, stylistic, or optional trait, but a specific and almost compulsory feature widespread in Andalusi Arabic sources, at least until the thirteenth century.

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32

Ringe, Don. From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792581.001.0001.

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This book describes the earliest reconstructable stages of the prehistory of English, focusing specifically on linguistic structure. It outlines the grammar of Proto-Indo-European, considers the changes by which one dialect of that prehistoric language developed into Proto-Germanic, and provides a detailed account of the grammar of Proto-Germanic. In the course of his exposition Don Ringe draws on a long tradition of work on many languages, including Hittite, Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, Slavic, Gothic, and Old Norse. This second edition has been significantly revised to provide a more in-depth account of Proto-Indo-European, with further exploration of disputed points; it has also been updated to include new developments in the field, particularly in the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European verb and nominal inflection. The author also reconsiders some of his original approaches to specific linguistic changes and their relative chronology based on his recent research.

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33

Plank, Frans. Noun Phrase Structure in the Languages of Europe (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, 20-7). Walter de Gruyter, 2002.

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34

Downing, Laura J., and Larry M. Hyman. Information Structure in Bantu. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.010.

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For some 40 years, the role that information structure (IS) plays in the grammatical structure of the ca. 500 Bantu languages has been the topic of considerable research. In this chapter we review the role of prosody, morphology and syntax in expressing IS in Bantu languages. We show that prosodic prominence does not play an important role; rather syntax and morphology are more important. For example, syntactic constructions like clefts and and immediately after the verb position correlate with focus, while dislocations correlate with topic. Among the morphological properties relevant to IS are the “inherently focused” TAM features (progressive, imperative, negative etc.) and the “conjoint-disjoint” distinction on verbs, as well as well as the presence vs. absence of the Bantu augment on nominals. Finally, we consider a range of tonal effects which at least indirectly correlate with IS (tonal domains, metatony, tone cases).

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35

Structural Propensities: Translating Nominal Word Groups from English into German (Benjamins Translation Library). John Benjamins Publishing Co, 2006.

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36

Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, and Andrés Salanova, eds. Modality Across Syntactic Categories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.001.0001.

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This volume explores the extremely rich diversity found under the “modal umbrella” in natural language. Offering a cross-linguistic perspective on the encoding of modal meanings that draws on novel data from an extensive set of languages, the book supports a view according to which modality infuses a much more extensive number of syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than has traditionally been thought. The volume distinguishes between “low modality,” which concerns modal interpretations that associate with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax, “middle modality” or modal interpretation associated to the syntactic cartography internal to the clause, and “high modality” that relates to the cartography known as the left periphery. By offering enticing combinations of cross-linguistic discussions of the more studied sources of modality together with novel or unexpected sources of modality, the volume presents specific case studies that show how meanings associated with low, middle, and high modality crystallize across a large variety of languages. The chapters on low modality explore modal meanings in structures that lack the complexity of full clauses, including conditional readings in noun phrases and modal features in lexical verbs. The chapters on middle modality examine the effects of tense and aspect on constructions with counterfactual readings, and on those that contain canonical modal verbs. The chapters on high modality are dedicated to constructions with imperative, evidential, and epistemic readings, examining, and at times challenging, traditional perspectives that syntactically associate these interpretations with the left periphery of the clause.

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37

van Schaaik, Gerjan. The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.001.0001.

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The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence structure the grammatical phenomena presented so far are wrapped up. The first five parts of the book, taken together, provide for all-round operational knowledge of Turkish on a basic level. Part VI deals with the ways in which complex words are constructed, and constitutes a bridge to the advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII. These latter parts deal with advanced topics such as relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements, and the finer points of the verbal system. An important advantage of this book is its revealing new content: the section on syllable structure explains how loanwords adapt to Turkish; other topics include: the use of pronouns in invectives; verbal objects classified in terms of case marking; extensive treatment of the optative (highly relevant in day-to-day conversation); recursion and lexicalization in compounds; stacking of passives; the Başı-Bozuk and Focus-Locus constructions; relativization on possessive, dative, locative, and ablative objects, instrumentals and adverbial adjuncts; pseudo-relative clauses; typology of clausal complements; periphrastic constructions and double negation.

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38

Hu, Xuhui. Encoding Events. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808466.001.0001.

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This book presents theoretical and empirical research on the syntax of events within the broader framework of generative grammar. A central theoretical concern is how conceptual meaning interacts with narrow syntactic computation in the derivation of the information of an event. A set of Integration Conditions are proposed. Building on the Conceptual-Intentional Interface Conditions proposed in Chomsky’s (1995, 2000, 2001) Minimalist Programme, the Integration Conditions require that the content of the predicate be licensed by theta-role information generated by narrow syntax. Another theoretical component concerns the functional structure of events, which is related to such issues as the parallel between the event and nominal domains, the mapping of a predicate onto an entity, as well as the grammatical foundation of verb classification. The theoretical framework is applied in three areas: (1) the syntax of resultatives in English and Chinese, which exhibits how a theory of the syntax of events can address the thematic relationship between core arguments and predicates; (2) variation of resultatives at cross-linguistic and diachronic levels, which shows how the universal functional structure of events can be compatible with, and even contribute to, the theory of parametric variation in the generative tradition; and (3) applicative constructions, which extend the analysis of core arguments to non-core arguments, and shed light on the typology of verb/satellite-framed languages (Talmy 1991, 2000) and the analyticity parameter proposed in Huang (2015).

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Vet, Co, Walter De Mulder, and Carl Vetters. Anaphores pronominales et nominales: Etudes pragma-sémantiques (Faux Titre 216) (Faux Titre). Editions Rodopi B.V., 2001.

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40

van der Wal, Jenneke. A Featural Typology of Bantu Agreement. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844280.001.0001.

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The Bantu languages are in some sense remarkably uniform (subject, verb, order (SVO) basic word order, noun classes, verbal morphology), but this extensive language family also show a wealth of morphosyntactic variation. Two core areas in which such variation is attested are subject and object agreement. The book explores the variation in Bantu subject and object marking on the basis of data from 75 Bantu languages, discovering striking patterns (the Relation between Asymmetry and Non-Doubling Object Marking (RANDOM), and the Asymmetry Wants Single Object Marking (AWSOM) correlation), and providing a novel syntactic analysis. This analysis takes into account not just phi agreement, but also nominal licensing and information structure. A Person feature, associated with animacy, definiteness, or givenness, is shown to be responsible for differential object agreement, while at the same time accounting for doubling vs. non-doubling object marking—a hybrid solution to an age-old debate in Bantu comparative morphosyntax. It is furthermore proposed that low functional heads can Case-license flexibly downwards or upwards, depending on the relative topicality of the two arguments involved. This accounts for the properties of symmetric object marking in ditransitives (for Appl), and subject inversion constructions (for v). By keeping Agree constant and systematically determining which featural parameters are responsible for the attested variation, the proposed analysis argues for an emergentist view of features and parameters (following Biberauer 2018, 2019), and against both Strong Uniformity and Strong Modularity.

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Hill, Virginia, and Alexandru Mardale. The Diachrony of Differential Object Marking in Romanian. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898791.001.0001.

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This book offers a comprehensive overview of the beginnings, development, and stabilization of differential object marking (DOM) in Romanian by combining two approaches: diachronic syntax and comparative syntax. The working hypothesis is that Romanian DOM reflects a typological mix of Balkan and Romance DOM patterns, and that the assessment of the mixed structures must separately quantify three DOM mechanisms in this language (through clitic doubling, DOM particle, and the combination of the above). Tests applied to these DOM mechanisms indicated the nominal domain as the repository for DOM triggers in Romanian, as opposed to the verbal domain in other Romance languages. The cross-linguistic perspective adopted in this book is instrumental for revisiting the DOM typologies in light of the variations shown to occur in the location of the DOM particle and the pronominal clitic (i.e., either on the nominal or on the verb spines).

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42

Alexiadou, Artemis, and Hagit Borer, eds. Nominalization. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865544.001.0001.

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Chomsky’s Remarks on Nominalization (RoN), published in 1970, has had an immense impact on syntax, and far reaching ramifications for phonology, semantics, and morphology. Among other major factors, RoN[R1] propelled the emergence of theoretical morphology as a distinct subfield within generative grammar. The original agenda set up by RoN, as augmented by supplemental work on argument structure, on the typology of derived nominals, and on the role of morphological complexity, continue to inform major contemporary theoretical approaches to morphosyntax in general, and to the study of derived nominals, in particular. This volume brings together contributions which address these issues from different perspectives and which, importantly, focus on a broad range of typologically diverse languages (Archi, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hiaki, Icelandic, Japanese, Jingpo, Korean, Mayan, Mẽbengokre, Navajo, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish, Udmurt). The volume also contains an introduction by the editors as well as a short contribution by Noam Chomsky.<153>

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Yi-chong, Xu, and Patrick Weller. Secretariats and Staff. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719496.003.0004.

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To understand the relationship between the secretariats and both member states and IO leaders, this chapter explores the different structures and standing of the secretariat, identifies the cultures that spring from the different disciplinary foundations, charts the opportunities the secretariat has to influence outcomes and the means by which it interacts with the representatives of member states. It concludes that the issue is not whether the staff can have an influence, but how that influence is applied, consistent with the member states’ position as nominal masters. It depends on the secretariats’ expertise and professionalism, but, more importantly, on their willingness to act as neutral intermediaries, to maintain a low profile, and to uphold their credibility with all members.

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Rajaram, Suparna. Collaborative Inhibition in Group Recall: Cognitive Principles and Implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.003.0004.

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Collaborative inhibition in recall is a counterintuitive yet widely replicated phenomenon observed in experimental research on memory. Collaborative inhibition refers to the finding where the joint recall of an interacting group is significantly lower than the sum of the nonredundant items that a “nominal group,” or an equal number of individuals working alone, recall. This chapter provides a selective review of the published findings on this phenomenon from laboratory research. The goal is to familiarize the reader with evidence from our work and those of other groups to characterize the nature of the collaborative inhibition effect, to identify the conditions where this effect reduces, disappears, or even reverses, to explore its occurrence across different group structures, and to describe its post-collaborative consequences on memory.

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45

Zúñiga, Fernando. Mapudungun. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.40.

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Mapudungun, an unclassified language of southern Chile and south-central Argentina spoken by a somewhat uncertain but sizeable number of speakers, has word-formation phenomena that deserve to be called polysynthetic according to most of the (sometimes mutually exclusive) definitions of this term found in the descriptive and typological literature. Polypersonalism, productive nominal incorporation, a limited amount of lexical affixation, alongside significant grammatical affixation, and especially root-serializing/compounding processes lead to long and complex templatically structured verbal predicates that markedly contrast, not only with rather simple nouns in the same language, but also with predicates in many other languages of the region. This chapter describes the major word-formation processes of Mapudungun paying special attention to the typologies of polysynthesis that have been proposed in previous studies on the subject.

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Egedi, Barbara, and Veronika Hegedűs, eds. Functional Heads Across Time. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871538.001.0001.

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Abstract This volume brings together studies that contribute to our knowledge about the role functional elements play in syntactic changes, and the semantic and functional features that are the driving force behind the changes. Parameter resettings, structural reanalyses, and changes in the feature specification of functional heads are explored related to the functional sequence of the clausal as well as the nominal and adpositional domains. The chapters in this book discuss ‘microdiachronic’ syntactic changes that often have implications for large-scale syntactic effects, such as word order variation and change, the emergence (and lexicalization) of syntactic projections, grammaticalization, and changes in information structural properties. The volume contains case studies of individual languages (English, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, and Romanian are included) as well as discussions of cross-linguistic phenomena. The studies heavily rely on digital corpora of historical or dialectal data. The chapters are organized in an order that essentially reflects the hierarchy of projections in the clausal functional sequence and the other distinguished ph(r)asal projections from CP to DP.

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Dworkin, Steven N. A Guide to Old Spanish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.001.0001.

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This book describes the linguistic structures that constitute Medieval or Old Spanish as preserved in texts written prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century. It emphasizes those structures that contrast with the modern standard language. Chapter 1 presents methodological issues raised by the study of a language preserved only in written sources. Chapter 2 examines questions involved in reconstructing the sound system of Old Spanish before discussing relevant phonetic and phonological details. The chapter ends with an overview of Old Spanish spelling practices. Chapter 3 presents in some detail the nominal, verbal, and pronominal morphology of the language, with attention to regional variants. Chapter 4 describes selected syntactic structures, with emphasis on the noun phrase, verb phrase, object pronoun placement, subject-verb-object word order, verb tense, aspect, and mood. Chapter 5 begins with an extensive list of Old Spanish nouns, adjectives, verbs, and function words that have not survived into the modern standard language. It then presents examples of coexisting variants (doublets) and changes of meaning, and finishes with an overview of the creation of neologisms in the medieval language through derivational morphology (prefixation, suffixation, compounding). The book concludes with an anthology composed of three extracts from Spanish prose texts, one each from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The extracts contain footnotes that highlight relevant morphological, syntactic, and lexical features, with cross references to the relevant sections in the body of the book.

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Andrle, Michal, Andrew Berg, R. Armando Morales, Rafael Portillo, and Jan Vlcek. On the Sources of Inflation in Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0015.

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The authors develop a semi-structural, New Keynesian open-economy model with separate food and non-food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. They filter international and Kenyan data through the model to recover a model-based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps), including for the international and domestic relative price of food. The filtration exercise helps recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. The authors find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate.

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Meir, Natan M. Home for the Homeless? The Hekdesh in Eastern Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0001.

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This chapter examines the hekdesh, one of the grimmest institutions in East European Jewish society. The hekdesh, or Jewish hospital-cum-poorhouse, is a somewhat elusive historical phenomenon but also a useful venue for analyzing traditional forms of Jewish charity in the Russian Empire as well as the dynamics of social marginality among Russian and Polish Jews. The chapter first considers an important characteristic of Jewish charity—the tendency to distinguish between conjunctural poverty and structural poverty—before discussing the hekdesh as an institution. In particular, it describes efforts to transform the hekdesh into a true medical institution and its incarnation in the late nineteenth century as a place for beggars and other cast-offs of society, with only a nominal connection to caring for the sick. It also explains how the hekdesh may have served to perpetuate the problem of begging and vagrancy.

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Szalontai, Balázs. Political and Economic Relations between Communist States. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.017.

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This chapter investigates the relations between the various communist states, particularly the USSR, the East European countries, and the Asian communist regimes, from the perspective of empire studies. It seeks to refine the concept of ‘totalitarian empire’ by making brief comparisons between communist and fascist practices of domination, and argues that the relations between the various communist states were considerably influenced both by internationalist and nationalist conceptions, which did not appear as mutually exclusive forces. A peculiar feature of communist imperial policies was that the dominant powers selected the (nominally) sovereign nation-state as the basic unit of their ‘outer empires’, rather than simply annexing the occupied countries or creating semi-sovereign structures.

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Books on the topic 'Nominal structure'

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