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Journal articles on the topic 'Nominal methodology'
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Luís Kirsten, André, Filipe Gabriel Carloto, Theyllor Hentschke de Oliveira, João Gilberto Pinheiro Roncalio, and Marco Antônio Dalla Costa. "Phase-shift Design Methodology For The Dab Converter." Eletrônica de Potência 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2014.3.231240.
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Blesa, Joaquim, Fatiha Nejjari, and Ramon Sarrate. "Robust sensor placement for leak location: analysis and design." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.021.
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In this paper, a nominal sensor placement methodology for leak location in water distribution networks is presented. To reduce the size and the complexity of the optimization problem a clustering technique is combined with the nominal sensor placement methodology. Some of the pressure sensor placement methods for leak detection and location in water distribution networks are based on the pressure sensitivity matrix analysis. This matrix depends on the network demands, which are nondeterministic, and the leak magnitudes, that are unknown. The robustness of the nominal sensor placement methodology is investigated against the fault sensitivity matrix uncertainty. Providing upon the dependency of the leak location procedure on the network operating point, the nominal sensor placement problem is then reformulated as a multi-objective optimization for which Pareto optimal solutions are generated. The robustness study as well as the resulting robust sensor placement methodology are illustrated by means of a small academic network as well as a district metered area in the Barcelona water distribution network.
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Bai, Caiquan, Yiqing He, Decai Zhou, Yi Zhang, and Zhengyi Jiang. "Construction of China’s nominal energy condition index." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 9, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2013-0012.
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Purpose The paper aims to know about energy condition’s impacts on inflation comprehensively. Design/methodology/approach This paper constructs China’s energy condition index (ECI) by bringing in three variables (China’s energy price, consumption and production) based on the financial condition index. Findings The result of empirical analysis shows that the index can predict China’s inflation well. Originality/value China’s ECI can predict China’s inflation well.
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Calgaro, Marcelo, Adroaldo Dias Robaina, and Márcia Xavier Peiter. "CURVAS DE DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DE BOMBAS CENTRÍFUGAS DETERMINADAS A PARTIR DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DO ROTOR I - VALORES NOMINAIS." IRRIGA 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2004): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2004v9n1p19-30.
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CURVAS DE DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DE BOMBAS CENTRÍFUGAS DETERMINADAS A PARTIR DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DO ROTORI - VALORES NOMINAIS Marcelo Calgaro1; Adroaldo Dias Robaina1; Márcia Xavier Peiter21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, calgaro@mail.ufsm.br2Curso de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões – URI, Santiago, RS. 1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia com a finalidade de determinar os valores nominais da vazão, altura manométrica, rendimento, potência requerida e NPSH requerido no ponto de maior eficiência para diversos modelos de bombas, a partir das medidas das características físicas dos rotores (d1, d2, b2, e2 e β2). Para alcançar esse objetivo foi executada uma série de medidas nos rotores das bombas hidráulicas, uma metodologia de cálculo com base na teoria das bombas hidráulicas e em coeficientes experimentais fornecidos pela literatura especializada disponível. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que um método simples, rápido e de baixo custo pode fornecer os valores nominais ou de projeto dos modelos de bombas avaliados. A conclusão do trabalho é que a metodologia proposta foi capaz de estimar os valores nominais da vazão Q0, da altura manométrica H0, da potência P0, do NPSH requerido NPSHr0, do rendimento Rg0 e da velocidade específica Nq0, a partir das medidas das características físicas dos rotores dos modelos de bombas estudados. UNITERMOS: sistemas de bombeamento, irrigação, agricultura. CALGARO, M., ROBAINA, A. D., PEITER, M. X.OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE CURVES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS DETERMINED FROM THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMPELLER I - NOMINAL VALUES 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to develop a methodology to determine the nominal values of the outflow, manometric height, output, required potency and required NPSH in the highest point of efficiency for several pump models, from the measurements of the physical characteristics of the rotors (d1, d2, b2, e2 and ß2). To reach this objective a series of measurements was done in the hydraulic pump rotors, the used calculation methodology was based on the hydraulic pump theory and on experimental coefficients, which were supplied by the available specialized literature. The obtained results allowed to verify that a simple, fast, low cost method can supply either the nominal or project values of the evaluated pump models. This work concluded that the proposed methodology was capable of estimating the nominal values of the outflow Q0, the manometric height H0, the potency P0, the Net Positive Suction Head required NPSHr0, the output Rg0 and the specific speed Nq0 starting from measurements of the physical characteristics of the rotors of the studied pump models. KEYWORDS: pump’s system, irrigation, agriculture.
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Vicente, José, and Daniela Kubudi. "Extracting inflation risk premium from nominal and real bonds using survey information." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2017-0066.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to forecast future inflation using a joint model of the nominal and real yield curves estimated with survey data. The model is arbitrage free and embodies incompleteness between the nominal and real bond markets. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on the affine class of term structure of interest rate. The model is estimated using the Kalman filter technique. Findings The authors show that the inclusion of survey data in the estimation procedure improves significantly the inflation forecasting. Moreover, the authors find that the monetary policy has significant effects on the inflation expectation and risk premium. Originality/value This paper is the first to estimate inflation using a joint model of nominal and real yield curves with Brazilian data. Moreover, the authors propose a simple arbitrage-free model that takes it account incompleteness between the nominal and real bond markets.
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Bae, Sun-Mee. "Deux types de représentations des séquences nominales figées en coréen et de leurs formes fléchies avec INTEX." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.24.2.02bae.
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Summary In this paper, we present the methodology for the construction of electronic dictionaries for frozen nominal sequences in Korean and their inflectional forms. For efficiency, we propose two independent dictionaries : one for frozen nominal sequences using list or graphical representation and the other for nominal postpositions using graphical representation. One could merge the two dictionaries into a single dictionary through the aid of the pre-defined inflectional code of each frozen nominal sequence and the inflection module in INTEX. In spite of the substantial differences between inflectional and agglutinative languages, we can describe frozen nominal sequences in Korean and their inflectional forms in INTEX.
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Qu, Weiguang, Rubing Dai, Taizhong Wu, Jian Liu, Junsheng Zhou, Yanhui Gu, and Ge Xu. "An effective approach for automatic interpretation of Chinese nominal compounds." Information Discovery and Delivery 45, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/idd-01-2017-0007.
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Purpose Automatic interpretation of Nominal Compounds is a crucial issue for many applications, for example, sentence understanding, machine translation, question-answering system and so forth. Many automatic interpretation models of Nominal Compounds use the strategies based on verbs or rules to obtain the interpretation of compounds. However, the performances of these models are still limited. The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective approach for automatic interpretation of Chinese nominal compounds. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a top-down and bottom-up model based on rules and large-scale corpus for automatic interpretation of Nominal Compounds. Findings Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art automatic interpretation model. Originality/value The paper is an up-to-date study of automatic interpretation for Nominal Compounds. It can help people understand the meaning of Nominal Compounds in reading. With a better understanding of Nominal Compounds, we can discover more hidden knowledge in them.
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Klingaa, Christopher Gottlieb, Sankhya Mohanty, and Jesper Henri Hattel. "Realistic design of laser powder bed fusion channels." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 1827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2020-0010.
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Purpose Conformal cooling channels in additively manufactured molds are superior over conventional channels in terms of cooling control, part warpage and lead time. The heat transfer ability of cooling channels is determined by their geometry and surface roughness. Laser powder bed fusion manufactured channels have an inherent process-induced dross formation that may significantly alter the actual shape of nominal channels. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to predict the expected surface roughness and changes in the geometry of metal additively manufactured conformal cooling channels. The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology for predicting the realistic design of laser powder bed fusion channels. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a methodology for making nominal channel design more realistic by the implementation of roughness prediction models. The models are used for altering the nominal shape of a channel to its predicted shape by point cloud analysis and manipulation. Findings A straight channel is investigated as a simple case study and validated against X-ray computed tomography measurements. The modified channel geometry is reconstructed and meshed, resulting in a predicted, more realistic version of the nominal geometry. The methodology is successfully tested on a torus shape and a simple conformal cooling channel design. Finally, the methodology is validated through a cooling test experiment and comparison with simulations. Practical implications Accurate prediction of channel surface roughness and geometry would lead toward more accurate modeling of cooling performance. Originality/value A robust start to finish method for realistic geometrical prediction of metal additive manufacturing cooling channels has yet to be proposed. The current study seeks to fill the gap.
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Vladimír, Chmelko, and Margetin Matúš. "The methodology of transformation of the nominal loading process into a root of notch." Procedia Structural Integrity 5 (2017): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.060.
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KONDRATENKO, V., V. KALINICHENKO,, and O. KOLLAROV. "Improving the methodology for calculating mine precinct drainage plants." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 14, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-1-81-84.
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Drainage plants consume more than 30% of the electricity consumed by all of the mine's electromechanical equipment. Therefore, mine drainage installations must have high energy efficiency and reliability. An analysis of the operation of the existing drainage installations shows that the pumps are selected with an overpressure. As a result, cavitation occurs in the pumps. It is established that 60-70% of the drainage plants operate in cavitation modes and have a reduced efficiency and correspondingly higher electricity consumption. Known methods for calculating mine drainage installations have the disadvantages, first of all, that they allow the pump to operate in the working area much higher than the rated regime. Pump operation at higher than the nominal supply significantly impairs its energy and cavitation characteristics. An improved method of calculating mine drainage facilities is proposed, through the introduction of additional dependencies and provisions that will increase the energy efficiency of the equipment. The article presents theoretical studies of local resistance of the pipeline of drainage installations. As a result of the research, analytical dependences of the local resistance of the mesh suction valve and the check valve on the diameter of the pipeline were obtained. On the basis of these dependencies an equation is obtained that relates the nominal parameters of the pump and the geometric height of water rise from the inner diameter of the pipeline. This equation is recommended to be used in the calculation of mine district water drainage installations to improve their energy efficiency at the design stage.
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Brown, Kaitlyn, Mary Commandant, Adi Kartolo, Casey Rowed, Agatha Stanek, Heebah Sultan, Kabir Toor, and Victoria Wininger. "Case Based Learning Teaching Methodology in Undergraduate Health Sciences." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v2i2.1521.
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Case-based learning (CBL) is an interactive teaching approach involving small-group discussion to determine a range of solutions for a presented patient case. In light of the success that the approach has achieved in numerous professional and undergraduate programs, a pilot project was introduced in 2009 by senior health sciences students, who acted as CBL facilitators, at the University of Ottawa for undergraduate courses in the Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences (ISHS). In collaboration with faculty professors, the facilitators developed CBL sessions consisting of patient cases that were reflective of the core objectives of health sciences courses. A total of 144 undergraduate students from three ISHS courses took part in these sessions; they were evaluated based on the calibre of their participation and a quiz. The quiz consisted of 5 questions that evaluated the students’ mastery of the concepts covered in the CBL session. The students also completed an evaluation of the pilot project. On a nominal scale of one to five, the students on average scored 4.13 out of a possible 5.00 (SD 1.48) marks on the quiz. In the evaluation, the students rated the project as having an overall learning benefit of 3.82 on a nominal scale of one to four. The evaluation indicates that the students perceived the program as having significant learning value and the quiz marks confirmed that CBL promoted the application of lecture content to practical scenarios. These preliminary findings suggest that implementing CBL in ISHS would enhance students’ academic experience. Further sessions based on this model would improve from more rigorous pre- and post- session assessments.
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Malone, Cheryl Knott. "Reconstituting the Public Library Users of the Past: An Exploration of Nominal Record Linkage Methodology." Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 39, no. 4 (1998): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40324304.
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Naudé, F. P., R. D. Fröhling, and N. J. Theron. "Development of a Methodology to Calculate Stresses in Track Components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 219, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440905x8925.
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The analytical model being used by Spoornet to calculate rail stresses on railway track for the past three decades was revisited and improved. The modifications include the incorporation of current best practices and presenting the engineer with guidelines on how to determine input parameters, which are normally difficult to obtain. The most sensitive parameters were investigated, and experimental results, as well as modern modelling methods, were used to establish nominal input values and guidelines for determining such values. The improved analytical model provides engineers with a suitably accurate tool for calculating rail and track component stresses, without the need to build detailed models of the track under investigation.
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Roger, Proenza Y., Camejo C. José Emilio, and Ramos H. Rubén. "Fault Diagnostic Methodology for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems." Journal La Multiapp 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i2.339.
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This research focuses on the design of a fault diagnosis methodology to contribute to the improvement of efficiency, maintainability and availability indicators of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. To achieve this, we start from the study of the mathematical model of the photovoltaic generator, then, a procedure is performed to quantify the operational losses of the photovoltaic generator and adjust the mathematical model of this to the real conditions of the system, through a polynomial adjustment. A real system of nominal power 7.5 kWp installed in the Solar Energy Research Center of the province of Santiago de Cuba is used to evaluate the proposed methodology. Based on the results obtained, the proposed approach is validated to demonstrate that it successfully supervises the system. The methodology was able to detect and identify 100% of the simulated failures and the tests carried out had a maximum false alarm rate of 0.22%, evidencing its capacity.
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Hu, Cong Fang, and Yuan Qiang Tan. "A Load Spectrum Method for Multi-Stage Planetary Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 86 (August 2011): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.86.829.
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An improved method to design equivalent load for multi-stage planetary was introduced in this paper on the basis of methodology for determining the equivalent torque. A multi-stage nominal-load representation of designing equivalent load for load spectrum on each stage was proposed. Compared with traditional single-stage nominal-load method of a gearbox for wind turbine pitch control, it was showed there was an effectiveness and reasonableness of the proposed method in this paper. A testing rig was set up for a pitch drive which it was designed by the multi-stage nominal-load method. A lot of experiments were carried out, and the excellent performances of the pitch drive were showed. From the result, it can be seen that this improved method was feasible.
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Vu-Quoc, L., and M. Olsson. "Formulation of a Basic Building Block Model for Interaction of High Speed Vehicles on Flexible Structures." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176104.
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In traditional analyses of vehicle/structure interaction, especially when there are constraints between vehicle masses and the structure, vehicle nominal motion is prescribed a priori, and therefore unaffected by the structure flexibility. In this paper, a concept of nominal motion is defined, and a methodology is proposed in which the above restriction is removed, allowing the vehicle nominal motion to become unknown, and encompassing the traditional approach as a particular case. General nonlinear equations of motion of a building block model, applicable to both wheel-on-rail and magnetically levitated vehicles, are derived. These equations are simplified to a set of mildly nonlinear equations upon introducing additional assumptions — essentially on small structural deformation. An example is given to illustrate the present formulation.
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Nawari, N. O., and R. Liang. "Fuzzy-based approach for determination of characteristic values of measured geotechnical parameters." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-025.
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Determination of the nominal (characteristic) values of geotechnical properties plays a crucial role within the limits states design (LSD or LRFD) concepts. The interrelationship between the process of the selection of the nominal value and the safety level is not clearly addressed in most of the new limits states design codes of practice for geotechnical engineering. Estimation of the characteristic values (p% fractile or the mean value) using the stochastic models is often linked up with some assumptions regarding the probability distribution functions. Probability theory has been perceived as a unique methodology to handle uncertainty in these geotechnical parameters despite the fact that some of the uncertainties associated with these geotechnical properties may be nonstochastic in nature. In this paper, the uncertainty connected with measured geotechnical properties is modeled using the fuzzy-reliability techniques. The measured parameters are rendered into fuzzy variables and the nominal values are characterized by fuzziness. The procedure presented is proposed as an alternative or complementary method to the estimate of the nominal values of geomaterials. The approach is illustrated with computational algorithms and a numerical example.Key words: characteristic value, nominal value, fuzzy model, fuzzy variable, resistance factor, probability.
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Akusok, Anton, Yoan Miche, Jozsef Hegedus, Rui Nian, and Amaury Lendasse. "A Two-Stage Methodology Using K-NN and False-Positive Minimizing ELM for Nominal Data Classification." Cognitive Computation 6, no. 3 (March 8, 2014): 432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9253-4.
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Zhao, Kun, and Shengnan Wang. "A New Crack Propagation Model Based on the Notch Analysis Methodology." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 4 (August 2018): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183640644.
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In this paper, the fatigue crack propagation model of the metal structure is studied, and a new crack propagation rate model is proposed. Compared with the traditional method, only the nominal applied stress and the critical fracture stress are considered in the new method, and the new one is much easier and more efficient. By analyzing the 2024-T351 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy materials test data, the new model is validated and the results are compared with the classical method of crack propagation. The result shows the new model has a similar trend with the existing crack propagation curve, and provides a better description for the low rate and high rate area, it also shows a strongly practicability.
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Udochukwu Godfrey, Ogbonna, and Ejem Chukwu Agwu. "Exchange Rate Management and Regime: Quo Vadis Nigeria?" International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 512 (December 20, 2019): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.512.282.291.
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This study investigated a pertinent question on the lips of every Nigerian; exchange rate regime, Quo Vadis Nigeria? Nigeria, Quo Vadis (where do we go)? under two alternative managed floating regimes; Dutch Auction System and post Dutch Auction System regimes, within the Autoregressive Distributive Lag methodology using monthly data covering from July 2002 to July 2017. The results for the full sample show that none of the selected macroeconomic variables has a significant short run relationship with the nominal effective exchange rate. In the long run, all the variables, except interbank rate, show negative relationship with nominal effective exchange rate. However, while the effects of oil prices, interbank rate and the prime lending rate are significant, the effects of inflation and stock prices are insignificant. The results for the Dutch Auction System sample show little evidence of a negative short run relationship between nominal effective exchange rate and inflation while oil prices, prime lending rate, interbank rate and stock prices all show no evidence of a short run relationship with exchange rate. On the contrary, oil prices, prime lending rates and stock prices all show significant negative long run relationship with nominal effective exchange rate. The results for the post Dutch Auction System sample show evidence of a positive short run relationship between stock prices, interbank rate and nominal effective exchange rate. On the other hand, inflation, oil prices and prime lending rate show no short run relationship nominal effective exchange rate. However, there is evidence of a lagged positive relationship between inflation and nominal exchange rate. The cointegration test for post Dutch Auction System sample gives inconclusive results. We therefore, conclude that the choice of exchange rate regime matters for macroeconomics performance in Nigeria and that the closure of the Dutch Auction system by the monetary authorities significantly altered the relationship between nominal exchange effective exchange rate and macroeconomic variables.
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Srivastava, Sumita, Kanika Satsangi, and Nandita Satsangee. "Identification of entrepreneurial education contents using nominal group technique." Education + Training 61, no. 7/8 (August 12, 2019): 1001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-05-2018-0105.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the elements of education and training intervention that facilitate occupational transition intentions of undergraduates and encourage them to opt for entrepreneurial pursuit.Design/methodology/approachThe study, conducted in India, employed the nominal group technique (NGT) – A systems science technique – which considers that users are experts and they must participate in the decision-making process. The application of NGT involved a workshop format; 15 domain experts participated in the workshop. Throughout the process, a democratic process was followed to avoid individual dominance and premature focusing on a single idea.FindingsThe study obtained 63 responses from experts for effective entrepreneurship education in India. The responses were reduced to seven elements after a few thematic iterations. These elements were then segregated into content (knowledge, skills and attitude) and learning interaction on the basis of experts’ responses. An initial draft of the course based upon the elements identified through NGT is presented in this paper.Originality/valueThis study is unique and different from previous research on entrepreneurship education in several ways: It takes cognizance of multiple stakeholders; It provides a theoretical framework along with empirical groundwork; It suggests curriculum contents that have contextual as well as universal relevance. This paper contributes to the emerging dimensions of entrepreneurship literature, which implies a shift from understanding a well-established Western context of entrepreneurship research to transitional societies from the East.
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RIGOPOULOS, GEORGE, and KOSTAS ANAGNOSTOPOULOS. "FUZZY MULTICRITERIA ASSIGNMENT FOR NOMINAL CLASSIFICATION: METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION IN EVALUATION OF GREEK BANK'S ELECTRONIC PAYMENT RETAILERS." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 09, no. 03 (May 2010): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622010003890.
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This paper presents a novel multicriteria procedure for nominal classification problems. Assignment of an action to a category is based on the comparison between action and category's least typical representative, which is considered as the category inclusion threshold. Evaluation is executed considering performance on evaluation criteria and calculation of a fuzzy inclusion relation for every action, generalizing preference relations model with concordance and nondiscordance concepts as used in ELECTRE methods. An application to a classification problem in banking is also presented in order to demonstrate its applicability to similar problems.
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Vemuri, Arun T., and Marios M. Polycarpou. "A methodology for fault diagnosis in robotic systems using neural networks." Robotica 22, no. 4 (August 2004): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574703005204.
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Fault diagnosis plays an important role in the operation of modern robotic systems. A number of researchers have proposed fault diagnosis architectures for robotic manipulators using the model-based analytical redundancy approach. One of the key issues in the design of such fault diagnosis schemes is the effect of modeling uncertainties on their performance. This paper investigates the problem of fault diagnosis in rigid-link robotic manipulators with modeling uncertainties. A learning architecture with sigmoidal neural networks is used to monitor the robotic system for off-nominal behavior due to faults. The robustness, sensitivity, missed detection and stability properties of the fault diagnosis scheme are rigorously established. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the ability of the neural network based robust fault diagnosis scheme to detect and accommodate faults in a two-link robotic manipulator.
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Рябцев, Егор Андреевич. "Methodology for criteria-based assessment of energy efficiency of main pipeline pumps." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2021-11-3-304-309.
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В настоящее время об энергоэффективности насосного агрегата судят на основании результатов приемо-сдаточных испытаний - по значению КПД в номинальной рабочей точке. Опыт эксплуатации насосов на объектах нефтепроводного транспорта показывает, что реальная рабочая точка насоса отличается от номинальной. Данное расхождение объясняется вариативностью режимов работы насосных установок. В этой связи предлагается оценивать энергоэффективность насоса по результатам испытаний исходя из реальных условий функционирования насосного оборудования - в рабочем диапазоне, необходимом для перекачки нефти (нефтепродуктов) с учетом изменения потребной подачи и напора гидросистемы. Существующие методики оценки энергоэффективности насосов в рабочем диапазоне имеют ограничения для применения на объектах магистральных нефтепроводов. В настоящей работе предлагается использовать с этой целью критериальную оценку по характерным точкам в диапазоне подач. Сформулированы основные положения разработанной методики. Сделан вывод о том, что ее применение при приемо-сдаточных испытаниях позволит улучшить качество оборудования, поставляемого на производственные объекты, а следовательно, энергоэффективность НПС. Currently, energy efficiency of a pumping unit is assessed based on the acceptance test results according to the efficiency value at the nominal working point. The experience of operating pumps at oil pipeline transportation facilities shows that the actual working point of the pump differs from the nominal one. This discrepancy is explained by the variability of the pumping unit process modes. In this connection, it is proposed to evaluate pump’s energy efficiency based on the test results under the actual operating conditions of the pumping equipment, in the operating range required for pumping oil (petroleum products), taking into account the change in the required supply and hydraulic system pressure. The existing methods for assessing energy efficiency of pumps in the operating range have limitations for use at main oil pipeline facilities. This study proposes to use a criteria-based assessment using characteristic points in the supply range for this purpose. The basic principles of the developed method are formulated. It is concluded that its application during the acceptance tests will improve the quality of equipment supplied to production facilities, and hence the PS energy efficiency.
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Chia, Fah Choy, Martin Skitmore, Jason Gray, and Adrian Bridge. "International comparisons of nominal and real construction labour productivity." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 7 (August 20, 2018): 896–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2016-0255.
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Purpose A comparison of international construction labour productivity (CLP) is carried out by the conventional use of exchange rates to convert national construction output to a common base currency. Such measurement is always distorted by price-level differences between countries and therefore the purpose of this paper is to adopt a purchasing power parities (PPPs) approach, which eliminates price-level differences, as an alternative means of comparing CLP. Design/methodology/approach PPP construction expenditure data from the World Bank’s International Comparison Programme 2011 and employment statistics maintained by the International Labour Organization are used to generate the CLP of 93 matching economies. A one-way analysis of variance is conducted to evaluate the relationship between the development status and the CLPs. Findings The CLPs of developed economies are higher than developing economies in both PPPs (real) and exchange rate (nominal) measurements. The real CLPs are always higher than nominal CLP in high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income and low-income economies. Both real and nominal CLPs converge along with the economic growth. Research limitations/implications The average figures used in the study may not always be the most representative statistics. The CLPs determined provide an initial approximation for comparison between different economies to gain further insights into the best practices and policies for the more successful economies. Future research is recommended to uncover the underlying factors of CLPs congruence. Originality/value The convergence of real and nominal CLPs when economies transit from a developing to developed status indicates that the construction product has transformed from a commonly understood non-internationally traded product to an internationally traded product.
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Palconit, E. V., J. R. Villanueva, N. J. Enano, M. J. Buhali, A. C. Mascariñas, G. E. Galope, and J. M. Tabanguil. "Resource Assessment of Tidal Stream Power in Pakiputan Strait, Davao Gulf, Philippines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 3 (June 9, 2021): 7233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3853.
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During the last years, there are ongoing efforts on the development of tidal energy conversion systems in the Philippines. This study conducts tidal energy resource assessment in the Pakiputan Strait following a methodology outlined as stage 2a tidal resource assessment published by the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC). The study assessed the preliminary results of the tidal velocities at Pakiputan Strait with a mean spring peak velocity (Vmsp) of 1.7m/s at 3m from the water surface from 15 days of continuous data collection using a seabed-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler. This corresponded to an estimated Annual Energy Production (AEP) of 1350kWh/y for 1m2 of capture area of the generic device. Sensitivity analysis showed that the spatial distribution of hydrodynamic model results does not vary significantly with variations in certain input parameters. It further showed that a 10% decrease in the nominal value of Vmsp on-site led to a 15% decrease in the nominal value of AEP, while a 10% increase in the nominal value of Vmsp led to a 30% increase in the nominal value of AEP, assuming that the considered Vmsp still corresponded to the velocity distribution from observations. A static survey and the use of computational fluid dynamics modeling are recommended to further enhance the analysis of the study.
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Böckerman, Petri, Seppo Laaksonen, and Jari Vainiomäki. "Who bears the burden of wage cuts? Evidence from Finland during the 1990s." International Journal of Manpower 28, no. 2 (May 15, 2007): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720710747947.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explore the incidence of nominal and real wage cuts in the Finnish private sector during the 1990s.Design/methodology/approachEstimation of econometric models for the probability of wage cuts using individual‐level wage survey data from the payroll records of the Finnish employers' organizations.FindingsCentralized nominal wage freezes together with a positive inflation rate produced real wage cuts for a large proportion of workers during the worst recession years of the early 1990s. Hence, centralized bargaining shaped the adjustment. The share of nominal wage cuts does not increase with falling inflation, which is consistent with downward wage rigidities. Full‐time workers have had a lower likelihood of wage cuts compared with part‐time workers. Declines in wages have also been more common in small plants. There is an important transitory component in wage cuts.Practical implicationsProvides useful information about the adjustment of wages at the individual level.Originality/valueFew papers have analysed individual and employer characteristics that account for wage cuts. The paper contributes to the literature on wage rigidity.
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ROUSSEAU, DAVID, JULIO ROJAS VARELA, FABING DUAN, and FRANÇOIS CHAPEAU-BLONDEAU. "EVALUATION OF A NONLINEAR BISTABLE FILTER FOR BINARY SIGNAL DETECTION." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 15, no. 02 (February 2005): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127405012193.
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We consider the nonlinear bistable dynamic system that is the archetypal system giving way to the phenomenon of stochastic resonance for noise-improved signal processing. Independently of a strict stochastic resonance effect, we use this bistable system as a nonlinear filter for a detection task on a binary signal. We expose a methodology to tune the nonlinear filter at its best performance that minimizes its probability of detection error. The optimally tuned nonlinear filter is then compared to the ideal matched filter, which is the optimal filter for the detection with Gaussian noise. We show that the performance of the nonlinear filter, although (expectedly) not as good, comes close to that of the ideal matched filter operating in its strict nominal conditions. We next examine several possible departures, quite plausible in practical operation, from the nominal conditions of the ideal matched filter. We demonstrate that in such degraded conditions, the nonlinear filter can catch up and surpass the performance of the matched filter. This reveals a robustness superiority of the nonlinear filter, compared to the matched filter operating outside its strict nominal conditions.
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Soccol, Olívio José, Danieli Bariviera Zitterell, Mario Nestor Ullmann, and David José Miquelluti. "Wind power characterization in the Lages city - SC, Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 53, no. 5 (October 2010): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132010000500020.
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The main objective of this work was to determinate the nominal wind and the wind power, based on mathematical adjustments in the Lages city, SC-Brazil. The study used data comprising the period between 1976 and 2006. The wind average velocity was osted by Lages Meteorological Station located at 27º49'S, 50º12' W, and 937 meters of altitude. For the estimated wind temporal distribution, a methodology based on wind velocity curves was used. The nominal velocity that made wind power maximum in Lages was 10.33 km h-1 77 days long. This velocity provides an average wind power 16.6 W m-2 annually. The results showed that wind power cow be characterized as a simple alternative to be used in agriculture.
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Yang, M. T., and J. H. Griffin. "Theory and Methodology of Optimally Measuring Vibratory Strains in Closely Spaced Modes." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818471.
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Stress ratios are traditionally used to infer maximum stresses in blades from strain measurements. This method may not be applicable to all the modes of modern low aspect ratio (LAR) blades since LAR blades often have high frequency “tip” modes that are so closely spaced that slight changes in structural properties can cause significant mode shape changes. In this paper, it is first shown that the actual tip modes of a LAR blade can be well approximated as linear combinations of the “nominal” modes. The stress field of the blade can then be estimated by calculating the modal content from multiple strain measurements. However, since placement and gage inaccuracies can introduce significant errors in the calculation, it is necessary to find the optimal gage placement that minimizes the error in estimated stresses. An error estimate using “norms” and an efficient optimization method are developed for this purpose.
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Yigit, Sahin, Timothy Graham, Robert J. Poole, and Nilanjan Chakraborty. "Numerical investigation of steady-state laminar natural convection of power-law fluids in square cross-sectioned cylindrical annular cavity with differentially-heated vertical walls." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 26, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-01-2015-0030.
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Purpose – Numerical simulations have been used to analyse steady-state natural convection of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in a square cross-sectioned cylindrical annular cavity for differentially heated vertical walls for a range of different values of nominal Rayleigh number, nominal Prandtl number and power-law exponent (i.e. 103 < Ra < 106, 102 < Pr < 104 and 0.6 < n < 1.8). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Analysis is carried out using finite-volume based numerical simulations. Findings – Under the assumption of axisymmetry, it has been shown that the mean Nusselt number on the inner periphery Nu i increases with decreasing (increasing) power-law exponent (nominal Rayleigh number) due to strengthening of thermal advection. However, Nu i is observed to be essentially independent of nominal Prandtl number. It has been demonstrated that Nu i decreases with increasing internal cylinder radius normalised by its height r i /L before asymptotically approaching the mean Nusselt number for a two-dimensional square enclosure in the limit r i /L→infinity. By contrast, the mean Nusselt number normalised by the corresponding Nusselt number for pure conductive transport (i.e. Nu i /Nu cond ) increases with increasing r i /L. Originality/value – A correlation for Nu i has been proposed based on scaling arguments, which satisfactorily captures the mean Nusselt number obtained from the steady-state axisymmetric simulations.
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Fu, Li Juan, Chang Rong Liao, and Jian Zuo Ma. "Test Method for Rheological Behaviors of Magnetorheological Grease Based on Coaxial Cylinder Shear Mode and Rheometer." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1929.
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A test methodology for rheological behaviors of MR greases based on double rotational coaxial cylinder shear mode is presented in this paper. Both flow velocity profiles and shear stress profiles of MR greases in shear channels are analytically explored. The theory relationship between shear stress acted on MR greases and transmission torques is established, an approximate algorithm is put forwarded to acquire nominal shear stresses by transmission torques. On the basis of differential equation and its rational boundary conditions from stress equilibrium of MR greases micro-unit, an approximate corresponding algorithm is worked out for nominal shear strain rates by rotor angular velocities. The relationship between average value of magnetic flux density in annular channels and excitation electrical currents are experimentally obtained. Based on test methodology above-mentioned, a rheometer is fabricated and modulated, in which torque sensor, angular velocity sensor and ampere meter are respectively used to test transmission torque, angular velocity and electrical current. Rheological parameters of MR grease from the rheometer, whose shear rate is more than 2000 1/s and magnetic flux density acting on MR greases exceed 0.6T, are in good agreement with those from test conduced by commercial theological rheometer.
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Ramakuru, Anil Kumar, Siva G. Kumar, Kalyan B. Kumar, and Mahesh K. Mishra. "Compensation of Voltage Sags with Phase-Jumps through DVR with Minimum VA Rating Using PSO based ANFIS Controller." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsir.2010070102.
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Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) restores the distribution system load voltage to a nominal balanced sinusoidal voltage, when the source voltage has distortions, sag/swell and unbalances. DVR has to inject a required amount of Volt-Amperes (VA) into the system to maintain a nominal balanced sinusoidal voltage at the load. Keeping the cost effectiveness of DVR, it is desirable to have a minimum VA rating of the DVR, for a given system without compromising compensation capability. In this regard, a methodology has been proposed in this work to minimize VA rating of DVR. The optimal angle at which DVR voltage has to be injected in series to the line impedance so as to have minimum VA loading on DVR as well as the removal of phase jumps in the three-phases is computed by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed method is able to compensate voltage sags with phase jumps by keeping the DVR voltage and power ratings minimum, effectively. The proposed PSO methodology together with adaptive neuro–fuzzy inference system used to make the DVR work online with minimum VA loading. The proposed method has been validated through detailed simulation studies.
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Dai, Yuting, and Chao Yang. "Smolyak-Grid-Based Flutter Analysis with the Stochastic Aerodynamic Uncertainty." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/174927.
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How to estimate the stochastic aerodynamic parametric uncertainty on aeroelastic stability is studied in this current work. The aerodynamic uncertainty is more complicated than the structural one, and it takes more significant effect on the flutter boundary. First, the nominal unsteady aerodynamic influence coefficients were calculated with the doublet lattice method. Based on this nominal model, the stochastic uncertainty model for unsteady aerodynamic pressure coefficients was constructed with physical meaning. Afterwards, the methodology for flutter uncertainty quantification due to aerodynamic perturbation was developed, based on the nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion theory. In order to enhance the computational efficiency, the integration algorithm, namely, Smolyak sparse grids, was employed to calculate the coefficients of the stochastic polynomial basis. Finally, the flutter uncertainty analysis methodology was applied to an aircraft's wing model. The influence of uncertainty with uniform distribution for aerodynamic pressure coefficients on flutter boundary was quantified. The numerical results indicate that, the influence of unsteady aerodynamic pressure due to the motion of coupling modes takes significant effect on flutter boundary. It is validated that the flutter uncertainty analysis based on Smolyak sparse grids integration is efficient and accurate for quantifying input uncertainty with high dimensions.
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Gharbi, Leila. "A critical analysis of the use of fair value by Islamic Financial Institutions." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2013-0037.
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Purpose This paper aims to address a specific question over the compatibility of International Financial Reporting Standards with Islamic finance regarding the use of interest rate as discounting rate in impairment testing and valuation techniques. Design/methodology/approach Inductive methodology and qualitative-narrative methods are used to explore the available texts and literature. Findings There are two main findings: first, the use of reference rate obtained in non-Islamic financial system is inappropriate from the Islamic perspective. Interest-based valuation techniques have not been adopted by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions in its adaptation of conventional accounting practices, and the majority of Islamic scholars argue against Interest rate benchmarking. Second, the authors suggest nominal gross domestic product (NGDP) growth rate as an alternative benchmark because Islamic finance, in its ideal sense, is based on and closely linked to the real sector. Moreover, recent studies show that there are no statistical differences between NGDP growth rate and nominal interest rate for most of the countries studied. Originality/value This paper highlights the accounting implications of the prohibition of interest for valuation techniques and raises the need of acceptable alternative pricing benchmark.
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Abildgren, Kim. "Tail events in the FX markets since 1740." Journal of Risk Finance 15, no. 3 (May 19, 2014): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-04-2014-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent of the so-called “small-sample problem” within quantitative exchange-rate risk management. Design/methodology/approach – The authors take a closer look at the frequency distribution of nominal price changes in the European foreign exchange markets. Findings – The analysis clearly illustrates the risk of seriously underestimating the probability and magnitude of tail events when frequency distributions are derived from fairly short data samples. Practical implications – The authors suggest that financial institutions and regulators should have an eye for the long-term historical perspective when designing sensitivity tests or “worst case” scenarios in relation to risk assessments and stress tests. Originality/value – The authors add to the literature by analysing the distribution of nominal exchange-rate fluctuations on the basis of a unique quarterly data set for ten European exchange-rate pairs covering a time span of 273 years constructed by the authors. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study on nominal exchange-rate changes for a large number of exchange-rate pairs based on quarterly data spanning almost three centuries.
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Yim, Gary K. "Commentary on "Transpositions within user-posted YouTube lyric videos: A corpus study"." Empirical Musicology Review 11, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v11i1.5025.
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<p>Responding to Plazak's corpus study on pitch and tempo transpositions in user-created music videos on YouTube, I suggest that such transpositions may have musically communicative intentions. Besides the nominal changes designed to defeat copyright infringement detection algorithms, I propose that pitch and tempo changes may be used for listener enjoyment. Some comments on the methodology of the experiment are included. </p>
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Wolfe, Glenn M., S. Randy Kawa, Thomas F. Hanisco, Reem A. Hannun, Paul A. Newman, Andrew Swanson, Steve Bailey, et al. "The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): instrumentation and methodology." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 1757–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-1757-2018.
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Abstract. The exchange of trace gases between the Earth's surface and atmosphere strongly influences atmospheric composition. Airborne eddy covariance can quantify surface fluxes at local to regional scales (1–1000 km), potentially helping to bridge gaps between top-down and bottom-up flux estimates and offering novel insights into biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE) utilizes the NASA C-23 Sherpa aircraft with a suite of commercial and custom instrumentation to acquire fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, sensible heat, and latent heat at high spatial resolution. Key components of the CARAFE payload are described, including the meteorological, greenhouse gas, water vapor, and surface imaging systems. Continuous wavelet transforms deliver spatially resolved fluxes along aircraft flight tracks. Flux analysis methodology is discussed in depth, with special emphasis on quantification of uncertainties. Typical uncertainties in derived surface fluxes are 40–90 % for a nominal resolution of 2 km or 16–35 % when averaged over a full leg (typically 30–40 km). CARAFE has successfully flown two missions in the eastern US in 2016 and 2017, quantifying fluxes over forest, cropland, wetlands, and water. Preliminary results from these campaigns are presented to highlight the performance of this system.
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Duisenova, Sholpan, Aibek Atykhanov, and Dimitar Karaivanov. "Justification of the parameters of a pneumatic conveyor for active ventilation of soybean during storage." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928704004.
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The article proposes a methodology for studying the productivity (capacity) and power consumption of a pneumatic conveyor for active ventilation of soybeans in container-modular storage in farms and the factors affecting them. In determining the parameters of the pneumatic conveyor, the physical and technological characteristics of the grain (soybean) are taken into account. The proposed methodology is based on the method of classical calculation for selecting a pneumatic conveyor with nominal parameters, which is necessary not only for transportation, both vertically and horizontally, but also for active ventilation of grain in containers during storage. The purpose of the methodology is to select a specific pneumatic conveyor for container-modular equipment for soybeans storage in the conditions of farms in Kazakhstan.
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Solanas, J. L., and M. R. Cussó. "MCP methodology for intelligent water metering (IWM): assessment of low flow consumption." Water Supply 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.116.
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Uses at different flows, non-intended consumption or other reasons can cause significant low flow consumption with regard to nominal metering magnitudes. It is important to assess this situation because it could cause measuring and billing inaccuracies due to both non-revenue water and metering errors. MCP (multivariate case profiling) methodology summarizes IWM (intelligent water metering) information by means of categories and levels suited to distinguish different causes concurring on each individual case. We characterised a significant group of ‘Lowflow’ cases showing at the same reading period: ‘significant consumption at normal flows’ but ‘significant continuous consumption at flows lower than normal for intended uses’. We propose variables associated to the new MCP Lowflow category by analysing: (1) lowest intervals of the flow-volume histogram to assess ‘consumption at flows lower than normal’; (2) minimal mean flow in the volume-time histogram to assess ‘intended uses’. MCP yields Lowflow case classification tables, indexes and analytical tools applying those variables, the aim being to detect and assess such abnormal low flow consumptions for any case or group of cases.
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Grishnova, O., and O. Brintseva. "Health as a Sphere of Formation of Human Capital: the Problems of the Activation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, no. 203 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2019/203-2/2.
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The dynamics of processes of human capital formation in the sphere of healthcare is investigated. The trends, processes and asymmetries in this area that accompany the gradual market transformation of the national health system are often characterized, and often provoke the formation of unproductive forms of human capital and the processes of fiktivization. The system of indicators for estimating nominal and real human capital is proposed. The dynamics of nominal human capital is estimated by the following indicators: the growth of the rate of the number of doctors of all specialties per 10 thousand population; the growth rate of the number of average medical personnel per 10 thousand population; the growth rate of the planned capacity of outpatient clinics for 10 thousand people. To assess the dynamics of nominal human capital: growth rate of the average life expectancy at birth (without gender differentiation); the growth rate of the disease per 100 thousand population (all diseases). According to our methodology, the growth of the index of real human capital shows progress in the medical sphere. The growth of the nominal human capital index shows an increase in spending on this area, and it does not always indicate progress, although its substantial reduction is alarming and requires a more detailed analysis. If real human capital grows faster than nominal, then healthcare activities are effective, and if on the contrary – in this area the processes of fictivization takes place. Recommendations for reducing the fiktivization processes in the sphere of healthcare are proposed, which include: development and implementation of a system for monitoring the quality of medical services on the basic data of the eHealth system; the further introduction of digital technologies into the national health system and, on this basis, – increasing the availability of analytical information for both medical professionals and researchers, and for the public, the dissemination of medical literacy and healthy lifestyles.
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Arsić, Miodrag, Srđan Bošnjak, Vencislav Grabulov, Mladen Mladenović, and Zoran Savić. "Repair Welding Methodology for the Glasses of the Kaplan Turbine Runner at the Hydro Power Plant Djerdap 1." Advanced Materials Research 1138 (July 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.13.
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Vertical Kaplan turbines, manufactured in Russia and with nominal power of 200 MW, have been installed in 6 hydroelectric generating units at hydro power plant Djerdap 1. Hydroelectric generating sets have been designed for the service life of 40 years due to structural solutions and limited possibilities of performing periodic inspections and state analyses.During the rehabilitation of the hydroelectric generating sets, non-destructive tests were performed on all components and structures in order to complete state analysis. In this paper the damages and methodology of repair welding for damaged glasses, which are the integral part of the kinematic system of runner blades, are presented.
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Zhang, Yali, Xiaogang Zhang, and Zhongmin Jin. "Deterministic investigation of the contact behavior of nominally curved rough surfaces." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 6 (January 13, 2020): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2019-0190.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the contact behavior of nominal curved surfaces with random roughness. Design/methodology/approach A deterministic model was applied to investigate the contact behavior. Numerical calculations were conducted on Gaussian and fractal profiles under a range of loading conditions. The deformation behavior is characterized in terms of three regimes including the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic regimes. Findings A linear relationship was observed between the real contact areas and normal loads, which is mainly governed by the plastic deformation. Surface roughness changes contact behavior by influence the transition of deformation regimes. Rougher surfaces generally demonstrate higher saturated plastic ratios. Originality/value The contact behavior of nominally curved surfaces with random roughness is understood in terms of the evolution of real contact areas and plastic ratios. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2019-0190.
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Lee, Siew Peng, and Mansor Isa. "Conventional and Islamic banks deposit rates as inflation hedges: the case of Malaysia." Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 35, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeas-03-2018-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which conventional and Islamic bank fixed deposit rates can protect depositors against inflation in the Malaysia context. Design/methodology/approach Nominal interest rates are represented by commercial bank fixed deposit and investment bank fixed deposit rates. The authors use monthly data over the period 2000–2016. The authors apply the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing methodology to test the existence of long-run relationship between nominal rates and inflation, and the error-correction model to test for the short-run dynamics. Findings The results show that the nominal interest rate and inflation are cointegrated for all the data series. The evidence indicates that all the fixed deposit rates, for both conventional and Islamic banks are effective inflation hedges in the long-run thereby supporting the Fisher hypothesis. There is no difference in the inflation hedging ability between conventional bank rates and Islamic bank rates. However, the authors find no evidence of the short-run relationship between interest rates and inflation for either bank. Practical implications Bank regulators should be concerned on the similarities in behaviour towards inflation between conventional and Islamic rates, given that the deposit rates for both banks are supposedly set based on different premises. Bank customers, they should deposit their money for the long horizon in order to protect themselves against inflation. Depositors worrying about inflation should be indifferent between conventional or Islamic as both banks provide similar inflation hedging characteristics. Originality/value The novelty of this study is in using the bank fixed deposit rates to study the Fisher effect in an emerging market and in comparing the conventional and Islamic bank rates in terms of their inflation hedging ability.
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Udeaja, Elias A., Nathan P. Audu, and Titus O. Obiezue. "The Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy Shocks in Nigeria: The Interest and Exchange Rates Channels." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.8927.
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This paper examines the effectiveness of the interest and exchange rates channels of monetary policy transmission mechanism. The paper employed several statistical cum econometric methodology in a baseline structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model to evaluate the influence of policy shocks on selected endogenous variables; gross domestic product (GDP), consumer price index (CPI), money supply (MS), treasury bill rate (TBR) and nominal exchange rate (NER) for Nigerian spanning 1981Q1 to 2020Q1. The contemporaneous coefficients in the structural model reveals that key monetary aggregates reacts positively to unexpected changes in the monetary policy instruments. Furthermore, the variance decomposition results indicate that shocks of the selected variables were found to be important for interest rate growth in the short and longer horizons. The exchange rate channel however appears to have a stronger impact on prices. These results mean that depreciation of the nominal exchange rate could be an external deflationary element, particularly for Nigeria.
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Gürel, Sinem Pınar. "How the macroeconomic conditions and the global risk factors affect sovereign CDS spreads? New Evidence from Turkey." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v9i2.1800.
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This paper aims to investigate the effects of a set of major country-specific macroeconomic variables and global risk factor on determining Turkey’s sovereign CDS spreads. The industrial production index, consumer price index, nominal exchange rates, policy interest rate, stock market index, and the volatility index as a proxy for global risk appetite are used by employing SVAR methodology with block exogeneity for 2011M01-2020M09 periods. The results reveal that the country's nominal exchange rate is the main driver of sovereign CDS spread. Especially in 2018, the most significant source of the high increase in sovereign CDS spreads is the exchange rates. According to the impulse response functions, to reduce the sovereign CDS spread, economic growth is more effective than the stock market return. Moreover, it is seen that the global risk factor does not play an essential role in the increases in domestic country's sovereign CDS spread.
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Caus, Vasile-Aurel, Daniel Badulescu, and Mircea Cristian Gherman. "USING WAVELETS IN ECONOMICS. AN APPLICATION ON THE ANALYSIS OF WAGE-PRICE RELATION." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 2, no. 1 (March 2017): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe015.
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In the last decades, more and more approaches of economic issues have used mathematical tools, and among the most recent ones, spectral and wavelet methods are to be distinguished. If in the case of spectral analysis the approaches and results are sufficiently clear, while the use of wavelet decomposition, especially in the analysis of time series, is not fully valorized. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize how these methods are useful for time series analysis. After theoretical considerations on Fourier transforms versus wavelet transforms, we have presented the methodology we have used and the results obtained by using wavelets in the analysis of wage-price relation, based on some empirical data. The data we have used is concerning the Romanian economy - the inflation and the average nominal wage denominated in US dollars, between January 1991 and May 2016, highlighting that the relation between nominal salary and prices can be revealed more accurately by use of wavelets
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Jayasuriya, Suhada, and Massoud Sobhani. "Frequency Domain Design for Maximizing the Allowable Size of a Step Disturbance in Linear Uncertain Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899262.
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A design methodology is developed for a linear, uncertain, SISO system for maximizing the size of a step disturbance in the presence of hard time domain constraints on system states, control input, output and the bandwidth. It is assumed that the system dynamics can be represented by a combination of structured uncertainty in the low frequencies and unstructured uncertainty in the high frequencies. The design procedure is based on mapping the time domain constraints into an equivalent set of frequency domain constraints which are then used to determine an allowed design region for the nominal loop transfer function in the plane of amplitude-phase. Once such a region is found, classical loop shaping determines a suitable nominal loop transfer function. The pole-zero structure of the compensator is a natural consequence of loop shaping and is not preconceived. An illustrative example demonstrates the trade-off between controller bandwidth, or the cost of feedback, and the tolerable size of step disturbance.
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Qian, D. W., X. J. Liu, and J. Q. Yi. "Robust sliding mode control for a class of underactuated systems with mismatched uncertainties." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 223, no. 6 (July 6, 2009): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09596518jsce734.
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Based on the sliding mode control methodology, this paper presents a robust control strategy for underactuated systems with mismatched uncertainties. The system consists of a nominal system and the mismatched uncertainties. Since the nominal system can be considered to be made up of several subsystems, a hierarchical structure for the sliding surfaces is designed. This is achieved by taking the sliding surface of one of the subsystems as the first-layer sliding surface and using this sliding surface and the sliding surface of another subsystem to construct the second-layer sliding surface. This process continues till the sliding surfaces of all the subsystems are included. A lumped sliding mode compensator is designed at the last-layer sliding surface. The asymptotic stability of all of the layer sliding surfaces and the sliding surface of each subsystem is proven. Simulation results show the validity of this robust control method through stabilization control of a system consisting of two inverted pendulums and mismatched uncertainties.
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Hariyanto, Ikka Tiaraintan, and Werner Ria Murhadi. "The Phenomenon of Dividend Announcement on Stock Abnormal Return (Case in ASEAN Countries)." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/mabis.v12i1.9001.
Full textAbstract:
Research aims: to examine the existence of stock’s abnormal return after dividend announcement activity.Design/methodology/approach: event study with 1.330 samples of dividend announcement in ASEAN countries during 2018. The research period was 21 days around the dividend announcement’s date.Research findings: this analysis's results agreed with the dividend signaling theory hypotheses, where the increase, decrease, or constant dividends could be an informative aspect for investors. Theoritical contribution/originality: it was shown by the presence of a positive abnormal return between an increase and a constant dividend, while a negative abnormal return between decrease dividends.Practitioner/policy implication: in the ASEAN capital market, it could be concluded that the change of dividend nominal would signal the firm’s prospect.Research limitation/implication: this research used the earliest dividend announcement before revision. Suggestions for further research are to pay attention to announcements of changes in dividend distribution dates and nominal revision, whether they contain information for investors, which will affect stock price movements.