Academic literature on the topic 'Nominal complement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nominal complement"
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Knittel, Marie Laurence. "Le statut des compléments du nom en [de NP]." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 54, no. 2 (July 2009): 255–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001250.
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AbstractThis paper deals with noun complements in French. I show that French has a particular kind of noun complement, regularly expressed by [de NP], that cannot be analysed as a PP or as a Possessor, but nevertheless requires a syntactic account. A detailed analysis reveals that these constituents share morphosyntactic, semantic and discourse properties with those of pseudo-incorporated nominals in various languages. I thus propose that they be analysed as pseudo-incorporated into a possessive nominal head.
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Liu, Guobing, and Yaping Du. "A Corpus-based Study of Valency Sentence Patterns of English Verbs." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0906.07.
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Based on the COCA, this paper investigates valency sentence patterns of the English verb APPOINT from the perspective of syntactic valency. And it analyzes the dominated components of verbs with the corpus linguistic method of collocation. It has been found: (1) The verb APPOINT has seven valency sentence patterns identified in the active sentences and fifteen patterns in the passive sentences. (2) The complement types associated with the verb APPOINT include subject complement, object complement, nominal complement with or without as, verbal complement with an infinitive or with to-be followed by a noun or a noun phrase, prepositional complement with the preposition to, by or for. (3) There is regularity existing in the complements. This present study describes valency sentence patterns of verbs, taking the sentence as the smallest research unit and verbs as the core of the sentence. The research results provide a new sight for second language teaching, especially for English vocabulary teaching.
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Kapeliuk, Olga. "Verbless Relative Clauses in Gǝʿǝz and their Equivalents in Amharic and Tigrinya." Aethiopica 12 (April 7, 2012): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.12.1.99.
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The most frequent and most typical relative clauses in Gǝʿǝz have a verbal predicate, but also nominal, or in other terms verbless, sentences may be relativized. Since Gǝʿǝz has no copula, nominal sentences are composed of the subject and of the predicative complement of a zero copula only. Considering that in sentences with relative clauses the headnoun stands outside the relative clause, all that is left in the latter is the relative pronoun and what acts as the predicative complement. Hence the nominal relative clauses have a much reduced structure and may be interpreted wrongly as one-member sentences.
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Larrivée, Pierre. "Le groupe nominal épithète." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 27, no. 1 (December 31, 2004): 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.27.1.04lar.
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Summary This paper explores the syntactic structure of those French constructions where an NP directly follows another. Examples are provided by Monsieur le Professeur, Mes amis les linguistes, Les linguistes mes amis, the later being equivalent to the English cases My Brother the fool and The fool my brother. Following an analysis of their distributional property, the syntactic structure of the groups is shown to involve the modification of the first noun by the following DP. While therefore structurally comparable to an adjectival modifier, these DPs impose a condition of coreference between the two nouns. A further interpretative constraint is shown to hold concerning the referentially anchored status of either of the DPs. Thus, the form of the complement can determine the behaviour of the head, as demonstrated by this atypical nominal group.
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Orrequia-Barea, Aroa. "A Study of Direct Speech Complementation with Embedding Verbs: Collostructional Analysis." Grove - Working Papers on English Studies 27 (December 14, 2020): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/grove.v27.a6.
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Non-relational verbs, as opposed to relational ones, cannot replace their complement clause with a complex nominal, meaning that they do not denote a proposition, as the Relational Analysis states. However, direct speech seems to be a proper replacement for the complement clause in the non-relational verb cases. This paper deals with the analysis of some of the most representative taxonomies of embedding verbs using the British National Corpus, to check whether they can occur with direct speech complements; the collostructional analysis, which is a technique of statistical significance; and the programming language R to do it in a computational and automatic way. Thus, the collostructional method will measure the strength between the embedding verbs and their corresponding complement clauses in the direct speech form.
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Ronai, Eszter, and Laura Stigliano. "Licensing of nominal ellipsis in Hungarian possessives." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4994.
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We argue, based on novel data, that the possessor head (Poss) can license ellipsis of its complement in Hungarian. That is, contra existing claims in the literature, possessor morphology can survive nominal ellipsis and be stranded on the remnant. Adopting Saab & Lipták (2016)’s of ellipsis licensing, we propose that there is variation in the size of the ellipsis site in Hungarian: nominal ellipsis can be licensed by either Num or Poss. We further propose that nominal ellipsis licensed by Poss can capture a previously unanalyzed variation in the Hungarian possessive pronoun paradigm. Specifically, the two variants of possessive pronouns correspond to two different structures: one is the anaphoric possessive (see Dékány 2015), while the other exists only as a consequence of nominal ellipsis, which, as we show, is a productive possibility.
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Tuhai, O. "THE STUDY OF COMPLEMENTARY COMPLEXES IN MODERN GRAMMAR SCHOOLS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.12.
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The article focuses on the basic theoretical approaches to the analysis of complementary complexes in modern grammar paradigms. The phenomenon of clausal complementation has been presented. Subordinate sentences are characterized as object clausal complements with the status of a core internal argument of the main predicate. Grammatical configuration and functioning of finite/infinitive complementary sentences in English have been revealed. Grammatical status of clauses under the study is postulated as object predication or the internal verbal complement in the function of an object. Grammatical indicators of finite sentences are analyzed considering specific that/wh- markers of complementation, semantics of matrix verbs as well as temporal tense-form feature in a verbal phrase. Grammatical configuration of infinitive sentences is denoted by to-/wh-markers and noun phrases in a certain case. Identifying criteria of verbal clausal complements have been distinguished. Morphology of the predicate, internal/external syntax of a complementary construction are grounded as leading features of their definition. Typology of verbal complementation in terms of transitivity, complement attachment to the perculia part of speech, functional communicative approach has been reviewed. General monotransitive, complex-transitive and ditransitive complementation has been outlined. When being attached to a particular language constituent a clause is determined as nominal, adjective or verbal complement. Due to communicative peculiarity finite subordinate clauses are positioned as content declarative, interrogative and exclamative.
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YOON, JUNTAE, KEY-SUN CHOI, and MANSUK SONG. "A corpus-based approach for Korean nominal compound analysis based on linguistic and statistical information." Natural Language Engineering 7, no. 3 (August 29, 2001): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002686.
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The syntactic structure of a nominal compound must be analyzed first for its semantic interpretation. In addition, the syntactic analysis of nominal compounds is very useful for NLP application such as information extraction, since a nominal compound often has a similar linguistic structure with a simple sentence, as well as representing concrete and compound meaning of an object with several nouns combined. In this paper, we present a novel model for structural analysis of nominal compounds using linguistic and statistical knowledge which is coupled based on lexical information. That is, the syntactic relations defined between nouns (complement-predicate and modifier-head relation) are obtained from large corpora and again used to analyze the structures of nominal compounds and identify the underlying relations between nouns. Experiments show that the model gives good results, and can be effectively used for application systems which do not require deep semantic information.
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Alqarni, Muteb A., and Mohammad S. Alanazi. "The Syntax of Nominal Appositions in Modern Standard Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1208.26.
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The current paper argues that there are three types of nominal appositions, i.e. two juxtaposed noun phrases (NPs), in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Each type shows special properties in terms of the nominal category of the two units, the deletion of the NP, word order, case agreement, and semantic relation. For each type, we propose a separate structural analysis. An adjunction analysis is motivated for Type I appositions which consist of a common noun followed by a proper name. For Type II appositions which involve two common nouns, we propose that they take a spec-head structure. A head-complement structure is finally proposed for Type III appositions which involve a pronoun followed by an accusative-marked NP.
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Samaha, Hanaa, Teng Teng Yap, and Kumaran Rajandran. "“Does the pronominal copula exist in the Arabic verbless clause?”." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 14, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01401005.
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Abstract This study attempts to offer a single unified account for the syntactic features of the pronominal copula in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), traditionally known as ḍamīr al-faṣl ‘Separation Pronoun/SP’ within the Cardiff Grammar (CG) model of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). Such a pronoun is typically used in nominal verbless clauses to separate Subject from its Predicate (Complement) when both are definite. This study argues against the two traditional accounts that analyze it either as a redundant pronoun that has no significant syntactical function or as the second Subject in the nominal embedded clausal Complement of the first Subject. The study also proposes that the modern generative account that considers it a pronominal copula is problematic as the function of this pronoun is not linking, but rather separating, emphasizing, and disambiguating. Therefore, the study proposes to analyze this SP as an Extension of the Subject (SEx) in a tripartite structure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nominal complement"
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Massery, Laurie A. "Syntactic development of the Spanish subjunctive in second language acquisition complement selection in nominal clauses /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024796.
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Skaf, Roula. "Le morphème d= en araméen-syriaque : étude d’une polyfonctionalité à plusieurs échelles syntaxiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INAL0012/document.
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Le fonctionnement du morphème polyfonctionnel d= en syriaque des Évangiles de la Peshiṭta est décrit morphosyn-taxiquement et dans une perspective typologique, en synchronie et par comparaison, pour certains points, avec d’autres versions et avec d’autres langues sémitiques. Ancien démonstratif en proto-sémitique, d= est un relateur à plusieurs niveaux syntaxiques : support de détermination, marqueur des relations génitivales et relatives, introducteur de complétives et adverbiales. Un critère syntaxique distingue sémantiquement les syntagmes génitivaux aliénables et inaliénable même si cette distinction tend à s’estomper, à des degrés différents selon les catégories sémantiques d’inaliénables, termes de parentés et parties du corps. Si les structures syntaxiques sont semblables pour les relatives restrictives et les non-restrictives, il est impossible de relativiser ces dernières pour les relatives objet, dative et adjointe. La stratégie à trou syntaxique constitue la stratégie primaire dans la hiérarchie d’accessibilité, et toutes les fonctions de la tête dans la matrice, sauf l’objet de comparaison, sont relativisables.Les fonctions de complémenteur de d= sont plus larges qu’en sémitique ancien. d= s’emploie avec 12 des 14 types de prédicats de la classification typologique de Noonan au lieu de 3 en sémitique ancien. Le syriaque est conforme à la hiérarchie implicationnelle, Complement Deranking-Argument Hierarchy. Le critère syntaxique de saturation de la valence verbale et des critères sémantiques et contextuels permettent de distinguer les adverbiales des complétives. Lorsque d= forme des locutions conjonctives avec des prépositions ou des adverbes, la polysémie des valeurs est désambigüisée grâce au contexte, à l’exception de la conjonction monosémique temporelle mo d=. Dans le discours rapporté, le discours Reproduit est majoritairement introduit sans d=, alors qu’il l’est avec d= pour le discours Reformulé. Le grec n’a eu aucune influence sur son utilisationThe behaviour of the polyfunctional morpheme d= in the Syriac language of the Gospels of the Peshiṭta is described in a typological perspective, in synchrony and in comparison, for some properties, with other varieties of Syriac and with other Semitic languages. d=, a former demonstrative in Proto-Semitic, is a relator at various syntactic levels: a determination place-holder, a genitival and relative marker, an introducer of completive and adverbial clauses.Chapter 1 introduces the topic of the study and the theoretical framework and chapter 2 discusses the state of art.Chapter 3 is dedicated to the study of the genitive phrase. We discovered that a syntactic criterion allows to distinguish semantically between alienable and inalienable phrases, to different degrees according to the semantic categories of the inalienable set, i.e. kinship and body part terms.In chapter 4, we showed that even though syntactic structures are similar for restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses, it is impossible to relativize the latter for object, dative and adjoint relatives clauses. The syntactic gap strategy constitutes the primary strategy in the accessibility hierarchy and all the functions of the head in the main clause, except the object of comparison, are relativizable.Chapter 5 deals with the functions of d= as a complementizer and an introducer of adverbial clauses. The complementizer uses are wider than in Old Semitic. d= is employed with 12 of the 14 types of predicates of Noonan's typological classification as against 3 in Old Semitic. Syriac conforms to the implicational hierarchy named Complement Deranking-Argument Hierarchy. For adverbial clauses, the syntactic criterion of saturation of the verbal valency as well as semantic and contextual criteria permit to distinguish adverbial clauses from complement clauses. When d= forms conjunctive locutions with prepositions or adverbs, the polysemy of values is disambiguated thanks to the context. Only the conjunction mo d= is monosemous (with a temporal meaning).In the last chapter (chap. 6) on reported speech, we showed that direct reported speech is mostly introduced without d=, whereas it is always the case for indirect speech. Greek did not have any influence on the use of d=
Il funzionamento del morfema polifunzionale d= del siriaco nei Vangeli della Peshiṭta è descritto in una prospettiva tipologica, in sincronia e attraverso la comparazione, in alcuni punti, con altre versioni e con altre lingue semitiche. Tale morfema deriva dal pronome dimostrativo proto-semitico *ḏV e funge da relatore in diversi livelli sintattici: supporto di determinazione, indicatore delle relazioni genitivali e relative, introduttore delle proposizioni completive e avverbiali. Il capitolo 1 introduce la problematica della ricerca e dell’ambito teorico; il capitolo 2 presenta uno stato dell’arte sull’argomento.Il capitolo 3 è consacrato allo studio del sintagma genitivale. Un criterio sintattico ha permesso di distinguere semanticamente i sintagmi genitivali alienabili e inalienabili, anche se questa distinzione tende ad attenuarsi, in diversi punti, secondo le categorie semantiche d’inalienabile, termini di parentela e parti del corpo.Nel capitolo 4 abbiamo mostrato che, se da una parte le strutture sintattiche sono simili per le relative restrittive e le non-restrittive, dall’altra è impossibile relativizzare le ultime per le relative complemento oggetto, complemento di termine e complemento circostanziale. La strategia con gap sintattico è la strategia primaria nella gerarchia d’accessibilità e tutte le funzioni della testa nella proposizione matrice, tranne l’oggetto della comparazione, sono relativizzabili.Il capitolo 5 tratta le funzioni di d= come complementatore e introduttore di proposizioni avverbiali. Gli impieghi del complementatore sono più ampi rispetto al semitico più antico. Il morfema d= si impiega infatti per 12 dei 14 tipi di predicato della classificazione tipologica di Noonan invece dei 3 del semitico più antico. Il siriaco è conforme alla gerarchia implicativa, Complement Deranking-Argument Hierarchy. Per le proposizioni avverbiali, il criterio sintattico di saturazione della valenza verbale e dei criteri semantici e contestuali permettono di distinguere le avverbiali dalle completive.Quando d= forma delle locuzioni congiuntive con delle preposizioni o degli avverbi, la polisemia dei valori è disambiguato grazie al contesto, fatta eccezione della congiunzione monosemica temporale mo d=Nell’ultimo capitolo, sul discorso indiretto, mostriamo che il discorso “riprodotto” è introdotto senza d= nella maggior parte dei casi, mentre si usa d= nel discorso “riformulato”. Il greco non ha alcuna influenza sul suo utilizzo
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Wang, Zhichao. "Analyse contrastive des complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard. Point de vue sémantico-syntaxique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL158.
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En adoptant une perspective sémantico-syntaxique, cette thèse est une étude contrastive sur les propositions complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard. L’originalité de cette thèse consiste dans le fait que l’étude des propositions complétives nominales est un sujet peu touché qui devrait être systématiquement développé en français comme en mandarin standard. Pour ce faire, notre thèse se déroule progressivement en répondant aux quatre questions suivantes : 1. Quelles sont les fonctions syntaxiques des propositions complétives nominales vis-à-vis du nom recteur/déterminé en français et en mandarin standard ? 2. Quels sont les types de propositions complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard ? 3. Quelles sont les propriétés sémantiques qui permettent à certains noms de régir/d’être déterminés par une proposition complétive en français et en mandarin standard ? 4. Quels sont les liens sémantico-syntaxiques entre les noms recteurs/déterminés et les complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous établirons la typologie sémantico-syntaxique des complétives nominales en français et en mandarin standard et nous la mettrons en œuvre dans une analyse quantitative fondée sur deux corpus parallèles (un corpus français-mandarin standard et un corpus mandarin standard-français) qui nous donnera des résultats concernant la transformation des constructions syntaxiques des complétives nominales d’une langue à l’autre, ce qui correspond à notre point de vue contrastifBy adopting a semantic-syntactic perspective, this thesis is a contrastive study on nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that the study of nominal complementary clauses is a little touched subject which should be systematically developed in French as in standard Mandarin. To do this, our thesis unfolds progressively by answering the following four questions: 1. What are the syntactic functions of the nominal completive clauses with respect to the rector / determined noun in French and in standard Mandarin? 2. What are the types of nominal supplemental clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? 3. What are the semantic properties that allow certain nouns to govern / be determined by a completive clause in French and in standard Mandarin? 4. What are the semantic-syntactic links between rectifying / determined nouns and nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin? To answer these questions, we will establish the semantic-syntactic typology of nominal completive clauses in French and in standard Mandarin and we will implement it in a quantitative analysis based on two parallel corpus (a French-Mandarin standard corpus and a Mandarin standard-French corpus) which will give us results concerning the transformation of syntactic constructions of nominal completive clauses from one language to the other, which corresponds to our contrastive point of view
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Santana, Liliane [UNESP]. "Motivações funcionais da gradação entre construções encaixadas nominais e verbais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100105.
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santana_l_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1536697 bytes, checksum: 74eccec20298ad2fbce9e2f4cfd327a3 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O principal objetivo desta tese é o estudo da variação escalar entre construções verbais e nominais que figuram como complemento de orações hierarquicamente superiores, isto é, orações completivas finitas plenamente desenvolvidas e orações completivas não-finitas com um verbo infinitivo ou com uma nominalização como núcleo. Essas possibilidades de variação fornecem um conjunto de construções alternativas, cuja seleção pode depender de fatores funcionais, embora não exclusivamente. A variação entre construções mais nominais e construções mais verbais e as consequências dela decorrentes são razões que justificam plenamente uma investigação criteriosa das motivações semânticas que regem o funcionamento das construções encaixadas completivas, mediante a atuação dos princípios funcionais de iconicidade e economia (HAIMAN, 1983; CRISTOFARO, 2003) na relação entre a semântica do predicado encaixador de complemento e a codificação morfossintática do predicado encaixado. A principal proposição que conduz a investigação é a de que, para a seleção dos diferentes tipos de complemento, existe uma relação de integração semântica (GIVÓN, 1980, 1990) entre construções completivas e a categoria semântica do predicado encaixador, de modo que a semântica do predicado encaixador é altamente relevante para determinar a categoria morfossintática das predicações dependentes. A relação de gradação entre maior ou menor grau de sentencialidade (LEHMANN, 1988), que se correlaciona ao grau de nominalidade da construção dependente, está vinculada ao nível e à camada de organização estrutural definidos pela Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008) nos seguintes termos: quanto mais baixa a camada de representação do complemento tanto maior o grau de integração semântica entre o predicado da oração encaixadora...
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the scalar variation between verbal and nominal constructions which function as complements of hierarchically higher clauses, i.e., finite complement clauses which are fully developed, and non-finite complement clauses which are headed by an infinitive verb or a nominalization. This range of variation provides a set of alternative constructions whose selection may, though not exclusively, depend on functional factors. The variation between more nominal and more verbal constructions and its consequences fully justifies a rigorous investigation of the semantic motivations which govern how embedded complement clauses actually function, by means of the functional principles of iconicity and economy (HAIMAN, 1983; CRISTOFARO, 2003) on the relationship between the semantics of the complement taking predicate and the morphosyntactic encoding of the embedded predicate. The main tenet underlying this investigation is that (i) sorting out different types of complement predicates requires a relation of semantic integration (GIVÓN, 1980, 1990) between complement clause and the semantic category of the complement taking predicate and (ii) such relation is, therefore, highly relevant to determine the morphosyntactic encoding of the dependent predications. The gradient relationship between balancing and deranking sentences, which is correlated to the degree of nominality or sentenciality of the dependent construction (LEHMANN, 1988), is associated with the structural organization of levels and layers defined by Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008) as follows: the lower the representation level of the complement the higher the degree of semantic integration between the complement taking predicate and the predicate of the embedded clause. Keywords: complement taking predicate; complement clause; semantic integration.
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Santana, Liliane. "Motivações funcionais da gradação entre construções encaixadas nominais e verbais /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100105.
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Orientador: Roberto Gomes CamachoBanca: Sebastião Carlos Leite Gonçalves
Banca: Cláudia Nívea Roncarati de Souza
Banca: Flávia Bezerra de Menzes Hirata-Vale
Banca: Vânia Cristina Casseb Galvão
Resumo: O principal objetivo desta tese é o estudo da variação escalar entre construções verbais e nominais que figuram como complemento de orações hierarquicamente superiores, isto é, orações completivas finitas plenamente desenvolvidas e orações completivas não-finitas com um verbo infinitivo ou com uma nominalização como núcleo. Essas possibilidades de variação fornecem um conjunto de construções alternativas, cuja seleção pode depender de fatores funcionais, embora não exclusivamente. A variação entre construções mais nominais e construções mais verbais e as consequências dela decorrentes são razões que justificam plenamente uma investigação criteriosa das motivações semânticas que regem o funcionamento das construções encaixadas completivas, mediante a atuação dos princípios funcionais de iconicidade e economia (HAIMAN, 1983; CRISTOFARO, 2003) na relação entre a semântica do predicado encaixador de complemento e a codificação morfossintática do predicado encaixado. A principal proposição que conduz a investigação é a de que, para a seleção dos diferentes tipos de complemento, existe uma relação de integração semântica (GIVÓN, 1980, 1990) entre construções completivas e a categoria semântica do predicado encaixador, de modo que a semântica do predicado encaixador é altamente relevante para determinar a categoria morfossintática das predicações dependentes. A relação de gradação entre maior ou menor grau de sentencialidade (LEHMANN, 1988), que se correlaciona ao grau de nominalidade da construção dependente, está vinculada ao nível e à camada de organização estrutural definidos pela Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008) nos seguintes termos: quanto mais baixa a camada de representação do complemento tanto maior o grau de integração semântica entre o predicado da oração encaixadora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the scalar variation between verbal and nominal constructions which function as complements of hierarchically higher clauses, i.e., finite complement clauses which are fully developed, and non-finite complement clauses which are headed by an infinitive verb or a nominalization. This range of variation provides a set of alternative constructions whose selection may, though not exclusively, depend on functional factors. The variation between more nominal and more verbal constructions and its consequences fully justifies a rigorous investigation of the semantic motivations which govern how embedded complement clauses actually function, by means of the functional principles of iconicity and economy (HAIMAN, 1983; CRISTOFARO, 2003) on the relationship between the semantics of the complement taking predicate and the morphosyntactic encoding of the embedded predicate. The main tenet underlying this investigation is that (i) sorting out different types of complement predicates requires a relation of semantic integration (GIVÓN, 1980, 1990) between complement clause and the semantic category of the complement taking predicate and (ii) such relation is, therefore, highly relevant to determine the morphosyntactic encoding of the dependent predications. The gradient relationship between balancing and deranking sentences, which is correlated to the degree of nominality or sentenciality of the dependent construction (LEHMANN, 1988), is associated with the structural organization of levels and layers defined by Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008) as follows: the lower the representation level of the complement the higher the degree of semantic integration between the complement taking predicate and the predicate of the embedded clause. Keywords: complement taking predicate; complement clause; semantic integration.
Doutor
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Pinho, Anya Karina Campos D'almeida e. "Complemento nominal de substantivo e adjunto adnominal introduzido por preposição: uma análise baseada em corpus." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/LETR-96TFVC.
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The objective of the research that underpins this work is to investigate if the language in use confirms the patterns of behavior predicted by normative grammars for Nominal Complements of nouns (CN) and Adjunct adnominal started by preposition (AA). These works listed distinctive features of these two sentence terms, but by no means has the
apprehension of such syntactic content become less painful for students and teachers. The results found point the sense that this difficulty emerges because of apprehension patterns that grammars try to impose the language through examples out of context, pinched of literary classics, no warranted by language remain in use. None of the
behavioral patterns listed by grammars searched for CN and AA is completely confirmed by the language in use, being that most of them are totally refuted by it. Thus, as in many other studies previous to this, there was the need for suitability to the rules of grammar in language use, dynamic and contextualized as shown in the daily lives of its users. It reached this conclusion through the use of computer systems of Corpus Linguistics, in which were entered and processed a corpus built especially for this work and the KEY corpus, of the Linguateca available on the Internet. The collected data were organized in tables and then analyzed, indicating that, in terms of CN and AA, much needs to be revised, including the need to divide itself into two distinct groups whose characteristics terms the whole time overlap.O objetivo da pesquisa que sustenta este trabalho é investigar se a língua em uso confirma os padrões de comportamento previstos por gramáticas normativas para Complementos Nominais de substantivos (CN) e Adjuntos Adnominais preposicionados (AA). Essas obras enumeram características distintivas desses dois termos oracionais, mas nem por isso a apreensão de tal conteúdo sintático torna-se menos penoso para alunos e professores. Os resultados encontrados apontam no sentido de que essa dificuldade de apreensão surge porque os padrões que as gramáticas tentam impor à língua, por meio de exemplos descontextualizados, pinçados de obras literárias clássicas, não restam convalidados pela língua em uso. Nenhum dos padrões de comportamento elencados pelas gramáticas pesquisadas para CN e AA é completamente confirmado pela língua em uso, sendo que, a maior parte deles é totalmente refutada por ela. Assim, como em tantas outras pesquisas precedentes a esta, verificou-se a necessidade da adequação da gramática normativa à língua em uso, dinâmica e contextualizada como se apresenta no dia a dia de seus usuários. Chegou-se a essa conclusão por meio do uso de sistemas computacionais de Linguística de Corpus, nos quais foram inseridos e processados um corpus construído especialmente para este trabalho e o corpus CHAVE, da Linguateca, disponível na Internet. Os dados coletados foram organizados em tabelas e então analisados, indicando que, em matéria de CN e AA, muito precisa ser revisto, inclusive a própria necessidade de se dividir em dois grupos distintos termos cujas características a todo tempo se confundem.
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Hammes, Lucimar. "Os verbos "parar" e "deixar" com complementos de natureza verbal e de natureza nominal." Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, 2015. https://rd.uffs.edu.br/handle/prefix/763.
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Este estudo se insere na interface sintaxe e semântica, utilizando os pressupostos da teoria gerativa chomskyana, no modelo Princípios e Parâmetros (P&P). Neste trabalho, foram analisadas construções com os verbos deixar e parar com complemento infinitivo preposicionados (InfP) e complementos nominais no português brasileiro (PB). Nesta pesquisa, objetivamos depreender as noções que esses verbos expressam, associando-as à categoria do seu complemento, averiguando se os verbos deixar e parar contribuem de forma diferente para o significado de uma sentença, ou se ambos expressam sempre uma noção de aspecto interruptivo nos diferentes contextos sintáticos. Para esta análise, foi adotada a divisão de classes de aspecto lexical sistematizada por Vendler (1967): estado, atividade, accomplishment e achievement e os refinamentos feitos por Bertinetto (1986) e Basso e Ilari (2004), no que se refere à divisão da classe dos estativos, e por Smith (1997), que inclui os semelfactivos na classe dos aspectuais. Nossas principais hipóteses foram: (i) parar e deixar expressam aspecto interruptivo quando figuram com complementos infinitivos preposicionados [InfP]; (ii) parar indica aspecto interruptivo em todos os seus empregos, mesmo com DP na posição de seu complemento; (iii) a restrição dos aspectuais parar e deixar a complementos DPs natos (não derivados de verbos) está relacionada ao traço [+processo], requerido por todo verbo aspectual (ROCHETTE, 1999); (iv) deixar, quando forma sequência com predicados que apresentam o traço [+télico], apresenta ambiguidade, podendo expressar interrupção de um único evento, ou a não-realização do evento; (v) parar e deixar oferecem restrições a predicados tipicamente estativos (BERTINETTO, 1991; BASSO; ILARI, 2004). Nossas análises apontaram que o verbo parar não indica interrupção de evento em todos os seus empregos, no que diz respeito ao complemento InfP, já o verbo deixar apresenta ambiguidade entre interrupção e negação do evento, o que parece estar relacionado ao traço [+télico]. Constatamos, também, que o traço [+processo] é requerido pelos aspectuais parar e deixar e fator determinante para a seleção de um complemento, seja de natureza verbal ou nominal. Por fim, averiguamos que os verbos parar e deixar oferecem restrições aos predicados tipicamente estativos, o que pode estar relacionado ao traço [+mudança] ausente nesses tipos de predicados. No que se refere à representação teórica desses verbos, nossas análises indicam implicações de representação arbórea dos verbos parar e deixar com complementos infinitivos preposicionados. Já a representação sintática do verbo parar como inacusativo lexical mostra que o verbo seleciona AI que pode ser alçado para a posição de sujeito da sentença. O verbo deixar como verbo lexical, pode selecionar dois ou três argumentos marcando-os tematicamente e parece não funcionar como inacusativo lexical.
This study is included in the syntax and semantic interface, using the Chomskyan assumptions of generative theory, in the Principles and Parameters model (P&P). In this work, sentences with verbs parar e deixar(in a free translation to stop and to leave) were analyzed with infinitive prepositioned complements (InfP) and nominal complements in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). In this research, we aimed to infer the notions that these verbs express, linking them to the category of their complement, checking if the verbs to stop and to leave contribute differently to the meaning of a sentence, or if both of them always express a sense of interruptive aspect in different syntactic contexts. For this analysis, it was adopted the division of classes of lexical aspect systematized by Vendler (1967): state, activity, accomplishment and achievement and the refinements made by Bertinetto (1986) and Basso and Ilari (2004), regarding the division of the class of the stative verbs, and by Smith (1997), that includes the class of semelfactive verbs in the aspectual verbs class. Our main assumptions were: (i) to stop and to leave express an interruptive aspect when appearing with prepositioned infinitive complements [InfP]; (ii) to stop indicates an interruptive aspect in all of its uses, even when the DP is in the position of its complement; (iii) the restriction of the aspectual verbs to stop and to leave regarding the native DPs complements (not derived from verbs) is related to the feature [+process], as required by all aspectual verbs (ROCHETTE, 1999); (iv) to leave , when forming sequence with predicates that present the feature [+telic], presents ambiguity and can express interruption of a single event, or non-realization of the event; (v) to stop and to leave offer restrictions to typically stative predicates (BERTINETTO, 1991; BASSO; ILARI, 2004). Our analysis showed that the verb to stop does not indicate interruption of the event in all of its uses, regarding to the InfP complement. However, the verb to leave presents ambiguity between interruption and negation of the event, which seems to be related to the feature [+telic]. We also noted that the feature [+process] is required by the aspectual verbs to stop and to leave and a determining factor for selecting a complement, either of verbal or nominal nature. Finally, we ascertained that the verbs to stop and to leave offer restrictions to the typically stative predicates, which can be related to the feature [+change] in these types of predicates. Considering the theoretical representation of these verbs, our analysis indicates implications in the representation of the verbs to stop and to leave when these are followed by prepositioned infinitive complements. On the other hand, the syntactic representation of the verb to stop as a lexical unaccusative shows that the verb selects an IA that can be moved to the positions of subject of the sentence. The verb to leave as a lexical verb can select two or three arguments marking them thematically and seems not to function as lexical unaccusative.
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Hauser, Charlotte. "Subordination in LSF : nominal and sentential embedding." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7188.
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Dans cette thèse, nous visons à étudier la complexité syntaxique de la Langue des Signes Française (LSF). Nous commençons par le cas bien étudié (dans d'autres langues des signes) des stratégies de relativisation, qui instancient à la fois la subordination et l'enchâssement récursif. On a maintes fois fait valoir que ces propriétés sont au cœur des langues humaines ; par conséquent, les clauses relatives sont le porte-drapeau de chaque langue sous-étudiée visant à faire reconnaître son statut. En ce qui concerne la LSF, nous décrivons deux marqueurs manuels que nous analysons comme des pronoms relatifs de type D, ainsi qu'une stratégie alternative non marquée manuellement, et nous montrons que la LSF a des clauses relatives à la fois à tête interne et externe. Nous montrons que, selon le pronom relatif utilisé, les propositions relatives instancient différentes propriétés sémantiques. Nous intégrons nos résultats dans le cadre formel de la grammaire générative. Nous étudions également le traitement des propositions relatives sujet et objet dans cette langue, à travers l'adaptation d'un paradigme bien connu d'occulométrie. À travers cette étude expérimentale, nous trouvons l'existence d'un avantage Sujet en LSF. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous étudions plusieurs phrases complexes : constructions temporelles, fausses questions et compléments sentenciels. Bien que nous sachions, d'après les recherches sur les langues parlées, que les constructions temporelles émergent à travers une variété de stratégies syntaxiques telles que la subordination, la juxtaposition ou la coordination, trouver leur équivalent dans les langues des signes est souvent un défi en raison de l'absence de complémentizers et autres mots fonctionnels tels que les conjonctions de coordination. Cette thèse explore les constructions temporelles dans la LSF et les inscrit dans une large perspective typologique. Nous montrons que les clauses temporelles en LSF sont très différentes de celles trouvées en Langue des Signes Italienne (LIS). En particulier, les constructions LSF utilisent deux clauses coordonnées, et le marqueur temporel fait partie de la seconde conjonction. En ce qui concerne les paires de questions-réponses (QAP), une littérature de plus en plus abondante sur les langues des signes décrit cette construction particulière, qui ressemble à une question suivie d'une réponse fragmentaire, mais qui n'est pas interprétée comme telle. Dans Kimmelman et Vink (2017), les auteurs proposent l'existence d'un processus de grammaticalisation, commençant par des questions de recherche d'information et se terminant par une composante question-réponse, créant un pont entre deux des principales analyses qui ont été proposées dans la littérature pour prendre en compte ces constructions dans les langues des signes. Nous démontrons, sur la base d'une description détaillée des propriétés des QAP en LSF, que l'échelle de grammaticalisation proposée dans Kimmelman et Vink (2017) doit être développée davantage pour intégrer les relatives sans tête comme point final. Enfin, nous présentons une étude assez approfondie des compléments sententiels en LSF, qui montre que, dans leur grande majorité, ils sont subordonnés au verbe principal qu'ils suivent. Nous montrons également que la LSF présente différents types de compléments, qu'ils soient finis ou non finis, ou introduits par un complémenteurIn this dissertation, we aim at investigating the syntactic complexity of LSF. We start with the well studied (in other sign languages) case of relativization strategies, which instantiates both subordination and recursive embedding. These properties have repeatedly been argued to be at the heart of human languages; hence, relative clauses are the flag holder of every understudied language aiming at seeing its status recognized. Regarding LSF, we describe two manual markers that we analyze as d-like relative pronouns, as well as a non-manually marked alternative strategy, and we show that LSF has both internally and externally headed relative clauses. We show that, depending on the relative pronoun used, the relatives instantiates different semantic properties. We integrate our findings in a generative formal framework. We also investigate the processing of subject and object relative clauses in this language, through the adaptation of a well-known eye-tracking paradigm. Through this experimental study, we find the existence of a Subject advantage in LSF. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate several complex sentences: temporal constructions, question-answer pairs and sentential complements. While we know from spoken languages researches that temporal constructions surface through a variety of syntactic strategies such as subordination, juxtaposition or coordination, finding their equivalent in sign languages is often a challenge due to the absence of overt complementizers and other function words such as coordinators. This dissertation explores temporal constructions in LSF and frames them within a broad typological perspective. We show that LSF temporal clauses are very different from those of LIS. In particular, LSF constructions use two coordinated clauses, and the temporal marker is part of the second conjunct. Regarding Question Answer Pairs (QAP), a growing literature has emerged on sign languages describing this particular construction, which looks like a question followed by its fragment answer, but which crucially is not interpreted as such. In Kimmelman and Vink (2017), the authors propose the existence of a grammaticalization process, starting with information-seeking questions and ending with a question-answer constituent, creating a bridge between two of the main analyses that have been proposed in the literature to account for these constructions across sign languages. We demonstrate, based on an extensive depiction of LSF QAP properties, that the grammaticalization scale proposed in Kimmelman and Vink (2017) has to be further developed to integrate free relatives as its ending point. Finally, we provide a rather extensive investigation of sentential complements in LSF, showing that, in their vast majority, they are subordinated to the main predicate. We also show that LSF displays various types of complements, either finite, non-finite, or introduced by a complementizer
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Mikulová, Laura. "Anglické sponové predikace se slovesy smyslového vnímání a jejich české protějšky." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298379.
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This MA thesis aims at describing the Czech counterparts to the English copular verbs of sensory perception, presupposing lexical differences due to the unequeal size of the repertoire available to each of the languages. After discussing the approaches of the major grammars of English to copular verbs, the MA thesis analyses the translation equivalents excerpted from the English-Czech section of the multilingual corpus InterCorp. The final set of translation pairs comprises 217 examples, with 50 examples of copular clauses with look, feel, smell, sound and 17 sentences with the predicate taste. The analysis, divided into sections investigating each copula individually, shows that the prevailing means of translating an English copular predication of perception are lexical verbs (in 78% of occurrences), most frequently followed by an adverbial (in 72% of occurrences). In particular, the most usual translation was an intransitive verb followed by an adverb. Verbs with a complementation comprise a low number of occurrences. Similarly, fusion appeared very rarely (usually with the copula feel). Czech copular verbs as counterparts of the English copulas of perception occurred only in the imperfective aspect (být) comprising 9% of all counterparts. Comparing the languages revealed that Czech copulas are...
Books on the topic "Nominal complement"
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Homburg, Stefan. Traditional Topics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807537.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 covers traditional topics of monetary macroeconomics. To acquaint readers with the present methods, it starts with conversant material, such as superneutrality of money, the Tobin effect, and forced saving. A large section is devoted to interactions between monetary and fiscal policies. This passage simulates the macroeconomic consequences of sovereign insolvencies and contains a comparison of Ricardian and non-Ricardian economies, a distinction that is crucial for policy analysis. Two closing sections pertain to price and wage rigidities. They emphasize that monetary policies have real effects in the presence of nominal frictions. According to the view sponsored here, models with sticky wages and prices do not compete with flexible price settings but rather complement them in that they shift attention to the short run.
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Laka, Itziar. Ergative need not Split: An Exploration into the TotalErg Hypothesis. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.7.
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This chapter presents an account of Basque behar ‘need’ within the TotalErg hypothesis that holds that Ergative case is inherent and Ergativity does not split. Predicates like behar ‘need’ appear to display a split in subject case assignment, and have been argued to provide crucial evidence against the tenants of TotalErg (Rezac, Albizu and Etxepare 2014) and in favor of a structural assignment of ergative case by Tense. I argue that these predicates are best accounted for as nominals, following Etxepare and Uribe-Etxebarria (2012) and Harves and Kayne (2012), and not as raising modals, as argued by Rezac et al (2014). The account in this chapter yields a uniform derivation for all instances of behar, independently of the type of complement the predicate takes and it allows us to do away with raising-to-ergative, predicted not to exist by the TotalErg approach, following the original claim in Marantz (2000).
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.001.0001.
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The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence structure the grammatical phenomena presented so far are wrapped up. The first five parts of the book, taken together, provide for all-round operational knowledge of Turkish on a basic level. Part VI deals with the ways in which complex words are constructed, and constitutes a bridge to the advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII. These latter parts deal with advanced topics such as relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements, and the finer points of the verbal system. An important advantage of this book is its revealing new content: the section on syllable structure explains how loanwords adapt to Turkish; other topics include: the use of pronouns in invectives; verbal objects classified in terms of case marking; extensive treatment of the optative (highly relevant in day-to-day conversation); recursion and lexicalization in compounds; stacking of passives; the Başı-Bozuk and Focus-Locus constructions; relativization on possessive, dative, locative, and ablative objects, instrumentals and adverbial adjuncts; pseudo-relative clauses; typology of clausal complements; periphrastic constructions and double negation.
Book chapters on the topic "Nominal complement"
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Alberti, Gabor, Judit Farkas, and Veronika Szabó. "Arguments for arguments in the complement zone of the Hungarian nominal head." In Approaches to Hungarian, 5–36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/atoh.14.01alb.
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Schwenter, Scott A., and Mark R. Hoff. "Chapter 1. Cross-dialectal productivity of the Spanish subjunctive in nominal clause complements." In Variation and Evolution, 12–31. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.29.01sch.
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"Nominal Complements and Related Usages of the Nominal Form." In The Old Japanese Complement System, 17–148. Global Oriental, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004213180_003.
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Sentential complements." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 651–76. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0035.
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Not only transitive verbs can take a sentential complement. The lexical category of adjectives contains a limited number of items that can take a sentential complement. Also certain nouns, such as kinship terms, make sense only with some other notion in the background, and there are two ways in which this is expressed: by a genitive-possessive construction or by a nominal compound with a sentential complement. The third section shows that adjectives, nouns, and adverbs expressing an epistemic modality take their sentential complements in a similar way. An alternative is found in existential constructions with an infinitival complement in the dative. This pattern is common to predicates expressing a deontic modality as well. Postpositional sentential complements are treated in the final sections.
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Faarlund, Jan Terje. "The adjective phrase." In The Syntax of Mainland Scandinavian, 55–68. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817918.003.0003.
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Besides adjectives proper, participles also function syntactically as adjectives. Adjectives used as predicate complements have an external argument which may raise to become the subject of a copula or the object of a transitive verb. Adjectives may take complements, although mostly they occur without one. A few adjectives take a nominal complement, but mostly the complement is a PP. The complement may also be an infinitival relative, which is the derivational basis of ‘tough’ constructions. An adjective may be preceded by a modifying degree phrase (DegP), expressing degree or comparison. The comparative and the superlative are expressed by modifiers ‘more’ and ‘most’, or by a suffix which is checked against an abstract degree element in DegP. DegP may be followed by a comparative phrase which is extraposed to the right of the adjective.
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Poletto, Cecilia, and Emanuela Sanfelici. "Against complementizers." In Continuity and Variation in Germanic and Romance, 370–403. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841166.003.0015.
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In this paper we investigate the syntax of complement clauses in some Romance and Germanic languages by focusing on word order asymmetries and extraction phenomena. We argue that complement clauses are relative clauses, as proposed in Manzini & Savoia (2003, 2011) and Kayne (2010). However, differently from the previous proposals, we claim that as in relative clauses (see Poletto & Sanfelici 2018a), the ‘complementizer’ partially spells out either the nominal element internal to the relative/complement clause, resulting thus into a raising derivation of the relative/complement clause, or the external nominal modified by the relative/complement clause itself, leading to a matching derivation. This difference in the raising vs. matching derivation accounts for a series of well-known asymmetries between some Romance and Germanic languages. In addition, we show that this proposal may be suitable to derive the different extraction patterns exhibited in ‘traditional’ relative clauses and complement clauses.
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Harley, Heidi. "Relative nominals and event nominals in Hiaki." In Nominalization, 203–30. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865544.003.0009.
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In ‘Relative nominals and event nominals in Hiaki’, Harley discusses an interesting formal overlap between nominalizations which create relative-clause like structures and nominalizations which create event nominals in Hiaki (Yaqui). The nominalizer which usually derives a subject relative nominal, when applied to an argumentless predicate such as a weather verb or an impersonal passive, also derives an event nominal. Harley argues that this is because the event argument IS the ‘subject’ of an argumentless predicate, the only accessible argument for the nominalizer to reify. In the process of proposing a uniform semantics for the relative nominalizers and the event nominalizer, a detailed analysis of both is provided. The nominalizers are argued to select an AspP complement. In entity-referring relative nominals, null operator movement is involved; in the event-referring event nominals, no operator is needed or possible. The syntax and morphology of the relative nominalizers is worked out in detail, with particular attention to the genitive-marked subjects of object, oblique, and locative relative nominals. <163>
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Saxon, Leslie. "The Tłı̨chǫ syntactic causative and non-nominal CPs." In Contrast and Representations in Syntax, 179–212. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817925.003.0007.
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Study of the periphrastic causative in Tłı̨chǫ has its origins in community-based research supporting a literacy manual and dictionary database. It is shown that the causative verb ats’ele ‘cause, let, do to’ takes two complements: the causee and a second expression of varying complexity that indicates the caused process or result. At its most complex, the second complement can be a clause which bears an adverbializing suffix and expresses the caused situation. Ats’ele selects a TypeP, which is independent of the higher verb in aspect, tense, and polarity. This leads to a broader range of interpretations of the relationship between causing and caused situations than is found in languages where the caused situation is expressed as a verb phrase. The complementizer used in the causative construction contrasts with a nominalizer in the language, in that it forms an adverbial clause. The facts thus provide a novel instance of non-nominal complementation.
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Pinkster, Harm. "Subordinate clauses filling an argument position." In The Oxford Latin Syntax, 52–236. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230563.003.0015.
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Chapter 15 deals with subordinate clauses, both finite and non-finite, which function as argument of their governing verb (traditionally called complement clauses). A distinction is made between declarative, interrogative, and imperative subordinate clauses. They are discussed according to the various subordinating devices: subordinators (e.g. quod, ut), question particles, infinitives (including accusative and infinitive clauses), gerunds, gerundives, and nominal clauses.
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van Schaaik, Gerjan. "Postpositions." In The Oxford Turkish Grammar, 163–73. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.003.0013.
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As function words postpositions play a very important role in the syntax of Turkish. These elements are regarded as lexical items conveying some kind of abstract meaning relevant for their complement. Most postpositions require the complement to take a fixed case marker; thereby excluding the accusative. A postposition plus its complement is called a postpositional phrase and functions as an adverbial phrase. There are various postpositions expressing spatial relations such as direction and location, another small group expresses temporal relations such as beginning, duration, end, and also excess, but a sizeable series of notions can be expressed by one particular postposition only: instrument, company, means of transportation, quality, quantity, inclusion, exclusion, difference, and the like. The final section describes the nominal and adjectival properties of a small number of postpositions.
Conference papers on the topic "Nominal complement"
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Knyazev, Mikhail Yu. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY ON THE REALIZATION OF SENTENTIAL COMPLEMENTS IN RUSSIAN." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.14.
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Declarative sentential complements in Russian can be realized either directly as čto-clauses or as čto-clauses embedded in the nominal construction headed by the “correlative” pronoun to. In previous studies, several factors that influence the choice of one of these two strategies have been identified, including the discourse status of the complement, the agentivity of the verb, the choice of the verb, register, etc. This study investigates the effect of syntactic complexity of the sententce in which the complement clause is embedded. The effect of complexity has been demonstrated before on the basis of several corpus studies of various constructions in English, which suggested that higher complexity is associated with the preference for the more explicit construction in the case of alternations. The goal of this study was to test whether complexity leads to a higher preference for the construction with the correlative (being the more explicit of the two alternants). Complexity was operationalized as additional embedding of the complement-taking predicate in a relative clause, either with a finite or a participial head (the latter presumably leading to still higher complexity). The hypothesis regarding the effect of complexity was tested in two experiments, an acceptability judgment study and a (100-scale) graded forced choice study. The experiments also tested the effect of the association between a verb and one of the two complementation strategies in the corpus (using the Attraction measure) as well as the effect of the subcategorization frame of the verb, i. e. whether it can take a direct object (by hypothesis, leading to the higher preference for čto-clauses) or only an oblique. The results of the experiments did not show an effect of complexity, which might be due to a small size of the effect and/or the nature of the task. However, the experiments revealed the effect of the Attraction class and of the subcategorization frame, namely, in oblique positions sentential complements show a higher preference for the correlative as opposed to direct positions. At the same time, verbs that have a higher association with čto-clauses in the corpus, show an approximately equal preference for both strategies. An explantion of this effect is proposed. Refs 16.
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Tanaka, Yoshihiko, Hiroshi Shibamoto, Kazuhiko Inoue, Naoto Kasahara, Masanori Ando, and Masaki Morishita. "Development of the Guideline on Inelastic Analysis for Design." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2259.
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The guideline on inelastic analysis for design, one of the key items of Fast Reactor Design Standard (FDS), is being developed. The basic policies of this guideline are as follows: (a) to emphasis conservative analysis output rather than nominal value representing actual behavior, (b) to clarify the applicable area for assurance of conservative results. With such concepts, it would be possible that the guideline provides useful explanations on the manner of analysis and estimation in the form of concrete examples of design as well as general rules (somehow vague). As the first step of the guideline development, the following five issues to be solved were extracted: 1) applicable area, 2) selection of constitutive equation, 3) modeling method of the load history, 4) ratchet strain and creep fatigue damage evaluation methods by inelastic analysis and 5) example design problems to check users’ analysis quality and to complement the general rules. In parallel, inelastic analyses with the promising constitutive equations were applied by way of trial to obtain rough presumption on their effects on structural design of the components. As a result, all inelastic analyses provided smaller cumulative strains and equivalent strain ranges than the existing design method based on elastic analysis, suggesting advantage of introducing them into actual design.
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Przysowa, Radoslaw, Peter Russhard, and Michal Wachlaczenko. "Using Blade Tip Timing and Pressure Data to Characterise Compressor Stall and Surge." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15412.
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Abstract Rotating stall and surge are common phenomena in compressors, and related research has been carried out since the invention of the gas-turbine engine. Signals of fast response pressure sensors analysed with spectral methods based on Fourier transform are primarily used to characterise compressor stall. This article focuses on the application of blade tip timing (BTT) for this purpose and aims to demonstrate current analysis capabilities, issues and challenges related to practical applications. By using real engine test results, we show that BTT provides more information at the cost of more complex analysis. The signals of four tip timing and three pressure probes installed in the first compressor stage are processed. We observed flow disturbances and blade responses caused by objects located in the inlet at a constant speed and also surge events during snap acceleration. All-blade spectrum and modal tracking are used to identify the presence of non-integral vibration and to determine the nominal frequency and nodal diameter. This data seeds the Least Squares Fitting, which delivers amplitude and phase. A method for sensor fusion is presented. For the selected non-integral responses, tip timing and pressure results are evaluated to show how they can complement each other. The proposed methodology can be used both for compressor development and Blade Health Monitoring.
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Souleimani, Yassine, Huu Duc Vo, and Hong Yu. "Performance Desensitization for a High-Speed Axial Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77203.
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The increase in compressor tip clearance over the lifespan of an aero-engine leads to a long-term degradation in its fuel consumption and operating envelope. A highly promising recent numerical study on a theoretical high-speed axial compressor rotor proposed a novel casing treatment to decrease performance and stall margin sensitivity to tip clearance increase. This paper aims to apply and analyze, through CFD simulations, this casing treatment concept to a representative production axial compressor rotor with inherently lower sensitivity to tip clearance increase and complement the explanation on the mechanism behind the reduction in sensitivity. Simulations of the baseline rotor showed that the lower span region contribute as much to the pressure ratio sensitivity as the tip region which is dominated by tip leakage flow. In contrast, the efficiency sensitivity is mainly driven by losses occurring in the tip region. The novel casing treatment was successfully applied to the baseline rotor through a design refinement. Although the casing treatment causes some penalty in nominal performance, it completely reversed the pressure ratio sensitivity (i.e. pressure ratio increases with tip clearance) and reduced the efficiency sensitivity. The reversed pressure ratio sensitivity is explained by a rotation in the core flow in the lower span region indirectly induced by the flow injection from the casing treatment. The lower efficiency sensitivity comes from a reduction in the amount of fluid that crosses the tip clearance of two adjacent blades, known as double leakage. The casing treatment’s beneficial effect on stall margin sensitivity is less obvious because of the stall inception type of the baseline rotor and its change in the presence of the casing treatment.
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Wells, Lee J., Mohammed S. Shafae, and Jaime A. Camelio. "Automated Part Inspection Using 3D Point Clouds." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1212.
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Ever advancing sensor and measurement technologies continually provide new opportunities for knowledge discovery and quality control (QC) strategies for complex manufacturing systems. One such state-of-the-art measurement technology currently being implemented in industry is the 3D laser scanner, which can rapidly provide millions of data points to represent an entire manufactured part’s surface. This gives 3D laser scanners a significant advantage over competing technologies that typically provide tens or hundreds of data points. Consequently, data collected from 3D laser scanners have a great potential to be used for inspecting parts for surface and feature abnormalities. The current use of 3D point clouds for part inspection falls into two main categories; 1) Extracting feature parameters, which does not complement the nature of 3D point clouds as it wastes valuable data and 2) An ad-hoc manual process where a visual representation of a point cloud (usually as deviations from nominal) is analyzed, which tends to suffer from slow, inefficient, and inconsistent inspection results. Therefore our paper proposes an approach to automate the latter approach to 3D point cloud inspection. The proposed approach uses a newly developed adaptive generalized likelihood ratio (AGLR) technique to identify the most likely size, shape, and magnitude of a potential fault within the point cloud, which transforms the ad-hoc visual inspection approach to a statistically viable automated inspection solution. In order to aid practitioners in designing and implementing an AGLR-based inspection process, our paper also reports the performance of the AGLR with respect to the probability of detecting specific size and magnitude faults in addition to the probability of a false alarms.
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Kerrebrock, Jack L., Alan H. Epstein, Ali A. Merchant, Gerald R. Guenette, David Parker, Jean-Francois Onnee, Fritz Neumayer, John J. Adamczyk, and Aamir Shabbir. "Design and Test of an Aspirated Counter-Rotating Fan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90582.
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The design and test of a two-stage, vaneless, aspirated counter-rotating fan is presented in this paper. The fan nominal design objectives were a pressure ratio of 3:1 and adiabatic efficiency of 87%. A pressure ratio of 2.9 at 89% efficiency was measured in the tests. The configuration consists of a counter-swirl-producing inlet guide vane, followed by a high tip speed (1450 feet/sec) non-aspirated rotor, and a counter-rotating low speed (1150 feet/sec) aspirated rotor. The lower tip speed and lower solidity of the second rotor results in a blade loading above conventional limits, but enables a balance between the shock loss and viscous boundary layer loss, the latter of which can be controlled by aspiration. The aspiration slot on the second rotor suction surface extends from the hub up to 80% span, with a conventional tip clearance, and the bleed flow is discharged at the hub. The fan was tested in a short duration blowdown facility. Particular attention was given to the design of the instrumentation to obtain efficiency measurements within 0.5 percentage points. High response static pressure measurements were taken between the rotors and downstream of the fan to determine the stall behavior. Pressure ratio, mass flow, and efficiency on speedlines from 90% to 102% of the design speed are presented and discussed along with comparison to CFD predictions and design intent. The results presented here complement those presented earlier for two aspirated fan stages with tip shrouds, extending the validated design space for aspirated compressors to include designs with conventional unshrouded rotors and with inward removal of the aspirated flow.
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Stepanov, Arthur, and Iliyana Krapova. "THE NOMINAL STRUCTURE OF CLAUSAL COMPLEMENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WH-EXTRACTION IN BULGARIAN." In International Annual Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language (Sofia, 2021). Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/confibl2021.ii.26.
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San Andrés, Luis, and Sanjeev Seshagiri. "Damping and Inertia Coefficients for Two End Sealed Squeeze Film Dampers With a Central Groove: Measurements and Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94273.
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Aircraft engine rotors, invariably supported on rolling element bearings with little damping, are particularly sensitive to rotor imbalance and sudden maneuver loads. Most engines incorporate Squeeze Film Dampers (SFDs) as means to dissipate mechanical energy from rotor motions and to ensure system stability. The paper quantifies experimentally the dynamic forced performance of two end sealed SFDs with dimensions and operating envelope akin to those in actual jet engine applications. The current experimental results complement and extend prior research conducted with open ends SFDs [21]. In the tests, two journals make for two SFD configurations, both with diameter D = 127 mm and nominal radial film clearance c = 0.127 mm. One short length damper has film lands with extent L = 12.7 mm, while the other has 25.4 mm (= 2L) land lengths. A central groove with length LG = L and depth at ¾ L separates the film lands. A light viscosity lubricant is supplied into the central groove via 3 orifices, 120° apart, and then flows through the film lands whose ends are sealed with tight piston rings. The oil pushes through the piston rings to discharge at ambient pressure. In the tests, a static load device pulls the damper structure to increasing eccentricities (max. 0.38c) and external shakers exert single-frequency loads, 50 Hz–250 Hz, inducing circular orbits with amplitudes equaling ∼5% of the film clearance. The lubricant feed and groove pressures and flow rates through the top and bottom film lands are recorded to determine the flow resistances through the film lands and the end seals. Measured dynamic pressures in the central groove are as large as those in the film lands thus demonstrating a strong flow interaction, further intensified by the piston ring end seals which are effective in preventing side leakage. Dynamic pressures and reaction loads are substantially higher than those recorded with the open ends dampers. Comparisons to test results for two identical damper configurations but open ended [21] demonstrate at least a thrice increase in direct damping coefficients and no less than a twice increment in added mass coefficients. Predictions from a physics based model that includes the central groove, the lubricant feed holes and the end seals’ flow conductances are in agreement with the test results for the short length damper. For the long damper, the predicted damping coefficients are in good agreement with the measurements while the added masses are under predicted by ∼25%.
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Deligkas, Argyrios, Eduard Eiben, and Tiger-Lily Goldsmith. "Parameterized Complexity of Hotelling-Downs with Party Nominees." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/35.
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We study a generalization of the Hotelling-Downs model through the lens of parameterized complexity. In this model, there is a set of voters on a line and a set of parties that compete over them. Each party has to choose a nominee from a set of candidates with predetermined positions on the line, where each candidate comes at a different cost. The goal of every party is to choose the most profitable nominee, given the nominees chosen by the rest of the parties; the profit of a party is the number of voters closer to their nominee minus its cost. We examine the complexity of deciding whether a pure Nash equilibrium exists for this model under several natural parameters: the number of different positions of the candidates, the discrepancy and the span of the nominees, and the overlap of the parties. We provide FPT and XP algorithms and we complement them with a W[1]-hardness result.
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Willeke, Sebastian, Lukas Schwerdt, Lars Panning-von Scheidt, and Jörg Wallaschek. "Intentional Response Reduction by Harmonic Mistuning of Bladed Disks With Aerodynamic Damping." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76601.
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A harmonic mistuning concept for bladed disks is analyzed in order to intentionally reduce the forced response of specific modes below their tuned amplitude level. By splitting a mode pair associated with a specific nodal diameter pattern, the lightly damped traveling wave mode of the nominally tuned blisk is superposed with its counter-rotating complement. Consequently, a standing wave is formed in which the former wave train benefits from an increase in aerodynamic damping. Unlike previous analyses of randomly perturbed configurations, the mode-specific stabilization is intentionally promoted through adjusting the harmonic content of the mistuning pattern. Through a re-orientation of the localized mode shapes in relation to the discrete blades, the response is additionally attenuated by an amount of up to 7.6 %. The achievable level of amplitude reduction is analytically predicted based on the properties of the tuned system. Furthermore, the required degree of mistuning for a sufficient separation of a mode pair is derived.