Academic literature on the topic 'Noise Path Model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Yuan, Jing. "Noninvasive Model Independent Noise Control with Adaptive Feedback Cancellation." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2008 (March 17, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/863603.
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An active noise control (ANC) system is model dependent/independent if its controller transfer function is dependent/independent on initial estimates of path models in a sound field. Since parameters of path models in a sound field will change when boundary conditions of the sound field change, model-independent ANC systems (MIANC) are able to tolerate variations of boundary conditions in sound fields and more reliable than model-dependent counterparts. A possible way to implement MIANC systems is online path modeling. Many such systems require invasive probing signals (persistent excitations) to obtain accurate estimates of path models. In this study, a noninvasive MIANC system is proposed. It uses online path estimates to cancel feedback, recover reference signal, and optimize a stable controller in the minimum H2 norm sense, without any forms of persistent excitations. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the stable control performance of the proposed system.
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Karttunen, Aki, Mikko Valkama, and Jukka Talvitie. "Influence of Noise-Limited Censored Path Loss on Model Fitting and Path Loss-Based Positioning." Sensors 21, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030987.
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Positioning is considered one of the key features in various novel industry verticals in future radio systems. Since path loss (PL) or received signal strength-based measurements are widely available in the majority of wireless standards, PL-based positioning has an important role among positioning technologies. Conventionally, PL-based positioning has two phases—fitting a PL model to training data and positioning based on the link distance estimates. However, in both phases, the maximum measurable PL is limited by measurement noise. Such immeasurable samples are called censored PL data and such noisy data are commonly neglected in both the model fitting and in the positioning phase. In the case of censored PL, the loss is known to be above a known threshold level and that information can be used in model fitting and in the positioning phase. In this paper, we examine and propose how to use censored PL data in PL model-based positioning. Additionally, we demonstrate with several simulations the potential of the proposed approach for considerable improvements in positioning accuracy (23–57%) and improved robustness against PL model fitting errors.
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Kajikawa, Yoshinobu, and Yasuo Nomura. "An active noise control system without secondary path model." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 83, no. 10 (October 2000): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6440(200010)83:10<47::aid-ecjc6>3.0.co;2-t.
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Liu, Ningning, Yuedong Sun, Yansong Wang, Pei Sun, Wenwu Li, and Hui Guo. "Mechanism of interior noise generation in high-speed vehicle based on anti-noise operational transfer path analysis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020937219.
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Owing to the continuous development of the automobile industry, increasingly stringent performance requirements for noise, vibration, and harshness of automobiles are being presented. Interior noise control in high-speed vehicles has not been adequately addressed, owing to the complex mechanism of noise generation. As simulations performed previously focused on vehicle wind noise and tyre noise cannot adequately predict the effect on passenger ear-side noise, these issues are investigated in this study. Their effects on passengers are investigated using transfer path analysis. An anti-noise operational transfer path analysis is proposed to study noise generated in high-speed vehicles. The established anti-noise operational transfer path analysis model can eliminate crosstalks between noise source signals of different transmission paths. The model is validated by comparing the measured and calculated values of the anti-noise operational transfer path analysis model. The coherence of the input noise signal and the ear-side noise signal of the passenger is assessed using coherence analysis. By calculating and categorising the contributions of different noise sources in different locations and types, the main noise sources affecting passenger comfort are determined. The result indicates that the main noise sources affecting the passenger’s ear-side noise change from engine noise to left-A wind noise and tyre radiation noise with increasing vehicle speed, in which the proportion also increase. The proposed anti-noise operational transfer path analysis is suitable for the interior-noise analysis of high-speed vehicles, and this study may serve as a reference for future studies regarding active and passive noise control in high-speed vehicles.
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Zhang, Qi-Zhi, Woon-Seng Gan, and Ya-li Zhou. "A Model Predictive Algorithm for Active Control of Nonlinear Noise Processes." Shock and Vibration 12, no. 3 (2005): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/573067.
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In this paper, an improved nonlinear Active Noise Control (ANC) system is achieved by introducing an appropriate secondary source. For ANC system to be successfully implemented, the nonlinearity of the primary path and time delay of the secondary path must be overcome. A nonlinear Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy is introduced to deal with the time delay in the secondary path and the nonlinearity in the primary path of the ANC system. An overall online modeling technique is utilized for online secondary path and primary path estimation. The secondary path is estimated using an adaptive FIR filter, and the primary path is estimated using a Neural Network (NN). The two models are connected in parallel with the two paths. In this system, the mutual disturbances between the operation of the nonlinear ANC controller and modeling of the secondary can be greatly reduced. The coefficients of the adaptive FIR filter and weight vector of NN are adjusted online. Computer simulations are carried out to compare the proposed nonlinear MPC method with the nonlinear Filter-x Least Mean Square (FXLMS) algorithm. The results showed that the convergence speed of the proposed nonlinear MPC algorithm is faster than that of nonlinear FXLMS algorithm. For testing the robust performance of the proposed nonlinear ANC system, the sudden changes in the secondary path and primary path of the ANC system are considered. Results indicated that the proposed nonlinear ANC system can rapidly track the sudden changes in the acoustic paths of the nonlinear ANC system, and ensure the adaptive algorithm stable when the nonlinear ANC system is time variable.
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Liu, Qiang, Xuanyi Zhou, Jianxin Zhu, and Xiaoping Gong. "Optimization of Noise Transfer Path Based on the Composite Panel Acoustic and Modal Contribution Analysis." Complexity 2021 (November 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3059865.
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The noise of a cab directly affects the comfort and labor efficiency of the operators. The optimization of the structure-borne transmission path can obviously reduce the cab noise. The method of panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is used to reduce structure noise. However, most studies only consider the panel acoustic contribution of a single frequency, without considering the contribution of major frequencies synthesis to confirm the optimized panels. In this paper, a novel method is proposed based on composite panel acoustic and modal contribution analysis and noise transfer path optimization in a vibro-acoustic model. First, the finite element model (FEM) and the acoustic model are established. Based on the acoustic transfer vector (ATV) method, a composite panel acoustic contribution analysis method is proposed to identify the panels affecting the noise of the field point. Combined with the modal acoustic contribution of the modal acoustic transfer vector (MATV) method, the noise field point is confirmed in the area which has the most significant influence. Second, the optimization algorithm NLOPT which is a nonlinear optimization is applied to design the areas. The noise transfer path optimization with vibroacoustic coupling response can quickly determine the optimal thickness of the panels and reduce low-frequency noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method is applied and verified in an excavator cab. The sound pressure level (SPL) the driver’s right ear (DRE) decreased obviously. The acoustic analysis of the composite panel acoustic contribution and modal acoustic contribution can more accurately recognize an optimized area than the traditional PACA. This method can be applied in the optimization of the structure-borne transmission path for construction machinery cab and vehicle body.
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Zhang, Yu, Dan Zhang, Zhen Han, and Peng Jiang. "A Joint Denoising Learning Model for Weight Update Space–Time Diversity Method." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102430.
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Space–time diversity (STD) has been widely applied in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication due to its exceptional anti-multipath performance. However, underwater noise can seriously affect the processing results of STD. The conventional filtering algorithms cannot deal with the nonlinear components of underwater noise and may not work well for complex-type signals. This study proposes an improved STD method with a joint noise-reduction learning model for the above issues. We construct a noise-reduction learning model dedicated to complex-type UWA signals in the first stage. Complex-type features based on UWA data are extracted for pre-processing data, and a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is used as the backbone network for noise-reduction. Residual learning is used to accomplish noise cancellation and yield noise-reduction estimates. In the second stage, an STD structure based on a weight update strategy is constructed. The STD structure can further constrain the weights of the signals from the main path, enhance the reception of the main path, and suppress the multi-access interference (MAI) caused by the spread spectrum communication. Finally, combining the signals on each path can improve the communication quality of the system based on the principle of the maximum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The simulation and experiments on a lake showed that the proposed method is more robust over the changing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and has a lower bit error rate (BER) than conventional methods.
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Pan, F., and J. D. Jones. "Gas Path Sound Transmission in Spherically-Shaped Reciprocating Compressors: Theory and Experiment." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 121, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893954.
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Gas pulsations within the refrigerant gas cavity is one of the principal noise propagating paths in reciprocating compressors. This paper provide a physical insight to the relationship between the gas pulsations inside the cavity and noise radiation of reciprocating compressors. The refrigerant gas cavity of the test compressor is modeled as a space between concentric spherical shells and analyzed with modal expansion techniques. Gas pulsations within the cavity are mathematically represented as the forcing terms of the inhomogeneous wave equation in spherical coordinates. The pressure distribution inside the cavity is then estimated accordingly. Based on the orthogonality principles, the noise radiation patterns associated with the gas pulsations are predicted. Acoustic modal analysis, directivity test and running speed sensitivity test are conducted to identify the acoustic characteristics of cavity and to verify the analytical model. The experimental results are in good agreement with the prediction of the analytical model. Thus, the concentric, spherical shell model well describes the acoustic characteristics of cavity within the test compressor. This model can also be employed as a design tool to analyze the effects of system parameter variation on overall noise radiation.
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Ong, Duu Sheng, Ai Hui Tan, Kan Yeep Choo, Keat Hoe Yeoh, and John P. R. David. "Weibull-Fréchet random path length model for avalanche gain and noise in photodiodes." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 065105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac31f0.
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Abstract A four-parameter Weibull-Fréchet (WF) distribution function has been introduced in the random path length (RPL) model for nonlocal modelling of soft-threshold ionisation in semiconductors. The WF function has been demonstrated to be capable of reproducing the realistic probability distribution function (PDF) of electron and hole ionisation path lengths extracted from full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) transport simulations of bulk GaAs. The electron-initiated multiplication in GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) calculated by the WF-RPL model is in excellent agreement with the results from FBMC. The predicted excess noise factor is closer to that of FBMC as compared to the hard threshold RPL model. The advantage of this improved RPL model as a tool for predicting the PDF of electron and hole ionisation path lengths in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 from the experimentally measured avalanche gain and noise has been analysed. The electron ionisation path length PDF of AlAs0.56Sb0.44 has a unique feature of two decay rates with a narrow full width at half maximum and a long tail. The extremely low hole ionisation coefficient in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 is found with a PDF of ionisation path length spanning over 50 µm at an electric field of 600 kVcm−1, supporting the very low hole feedback ionisation in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs. The combination of the detailed and peaked electron’s ionisation path length PDF and of the broad hole’s ionisation path length PDF is responsible for the extremely low avalanche noise in the 1.55 µm thick AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs.
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Qian, Kun, Zhichao Hou, Jie Liang, Ruixue Liu, and Dengke Sun. "Interior Sound Quality Prediction of Pure Electric Vehicles Based on Transfer Path Synthesis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104385.
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The interior sound quality (SQ) of pure electric vehicles (PEVs) has become an important consideration for users purchasing vehicles. At present, it is insufficient to take the sound pressure level as the interior acoustics design index of PEVs. Transfer path analysis (TPA) and transfer path synthesis (TPS) that take the SQ of interior noise as the improvement target remains in the preliminary exploration stage. In this paper, objective psychoacoustic parameters of SQ were taken as evaluation indexes of interior PEV noise. A virtual interior SQ synthesis model was designed on the basis of TPA and TPS, which combines experimentation and simulation. The SQ synthesis model demonstrates each noise component contribution in a PEV by new SQ separation technology. First, the interior noise transfer path and noise source of the PEV were determined in a synthesis analysis method of the interior PEV noise. Second, on the basis of the composition mechanism of interior noise and the basic principle of TPA, the excitation signal and transfer function of each interior noise path in the PEV were tested. On the basis of TPS, the interior SQ synthesis model of PEV was then established. Finally, the accuracy of the prediction model was verified in simulation and experimental comparison studies on the psychoacoustic objective parameters of SQ. The SQ objective parameter value of each transfer path was quantified by using contribution analysis. The results are expected to improve the comfort of the interior acoustic environment and enhance the competitiveness of vehicle products. They also provide an effective reference and new ideas for the development of interior SQ in PEVs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Ghimpeteanu, Gabriela. "Several approaches to improve noise removal in photographic images." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461012.
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Noise acquisition is an unavoidable component when capturing photographs, even in the
case of current state of the art cameras. This problem is even accentuated when the
lighting conditions are not ideal. Therefore, removing the noise present in the captured
image is still an essential task in the camera image processing pipeline.
In this thesis, we analyze several approaches to improve current image denoising meth-
ods. First, we propose a general framework that can improve a denoising method, moti-
vated by a simple principle: for any algorithm, the smaller the noise level, the higher the
quality of the denoised image. Therefore, by carefully choosing an image decomposition
of the noisy image into less noisy one(s) and applying the algorithm on the latter, the
performance of any denoising method can increase.
Second, we accentuate the importance of using a realistic noise model for testing any
denoising methods, as in the usual AWG scenario the results can be extremely di erent.
The noise model can be estimated on RAW images, as the camera processing pipeline
alters the noise, and denoising becomes a challenge when applied on camera output. We
show how a local method applied on RAW can outperform a non-local one applied on
camera output, in the realistic noise scenario.
Finally, in this thesis we propose a fast, local denoising method where the Euclidean
curvature of the noisy image is approximated in a regularizing manner and a clean image
is reconstructed from this smoothed curvature. User preference tests show that when
denoising real photographs with actual noise our method produces results with the same
visual quality as the more sophisticated, non-local algorithms, but at a fraction of their
computational cost. These tests also highlight the limitations of objective image quality
metrics like PSNR and SSIM, which correlate poorly with user preference.L'adquisició de soroll és un component ineludible quan capturem una fotografi a, fins i tot en el cas de les càmeres d'última generació. Aquest problema s'accentua encara més quan les condicions d'illuminació no són ideals. Per tant, l'extracció del soroll que està present a la imatge capturada continua sent una tasca essencial dintre del processament d'imatges de la càmera. En aquesta tesi, analitzem diversos enfocaments per millorar els mètodes actuals d'extracció de soroll. En primer lloc, proposem un marc general que permet millorar un mètode d'extracció. Aquest marc està motivat per un principi senzill: per a qualsevol algoritme, com més petit sigui el nivell de soroll a l'imatge original, més alta serà la qualitat de la imatge de sortida. Per tant, escollint acuradament una descomposició de la imatge sorollosa en una altra amb menys soroll i aplicant l'algoritme en aquesta última, podem augmentar el rendiment de qualsevol mètode d'extracció de soroll. En segon lloc, remarquem la importància d'utilitzar un model de soroll realista per a evaluar qualsevol mètode d'extracció de soroll, ja que els resultats en imatges realistes poden divergir enormement en comparació amb l'escenari habitual de suposar AWG. Amb aquest , estimem un model de soroll en imatges RAW, ja que el processament de l'imatge dintre de la càmera altera el soroll, i l'extracció de soroll es converteix en un desa fiament al no seguir el model AWG. Mostrem que, quan suposem un model de soroll realista, un mètode local aplicat a RAW pot superar un de no-local aplicat a la sortida de la càmera. Finalment, en aquesta tesi proposem un mètode ràpid i local d'extracció de soroll on la curvatura euclidiana de la imatge sorollosa s'aproxima de manera regularitzadora i es reconstrueix una imatge neta d'aquesta curvatura suavitzada. Les proves de preferència dels usuaris mostren que el nostre mètode produeix resultats amb la mateixa qualitat visual que els algorismes més sofi sticats i no-locals, però amb una fracció del seu cost computacional. Aquestes proves també posen de relleu les limitacions de mètriques de qualitat d'imatge objectives com PSNR i SSIM, que es correlacionen malament amb la preferència dels usuaris.
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(9193604), Wesaam Lepak. "DEVELOPMENT OF SOURCE-PATH MODELS TO SYNTHESIZE PRODUCT SOUNDS OF AN OUTDOOR HVAC UNIT." Thesis, 2020.
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Outdoor heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) units emit a significant amount
of noise, which may lead to poor sound quality and a perceived low product quality. It is the job
of the noise control engineer to reduce the undesired noise and improve the sound quality of the
outdoor HVAC unit to decrease consumer annoyance. There is great interest in developing a
detailed and accurate acoustic model of the outdoor HVAC unit so that the sound of the outdoor
HVAC unit can be listened to before the unit is constructed. Having an acoustic model which can
synthesize sounds allows the noise control engineer to evaluate and improve the sound quality of
the outdoor HVAC unit during the design process, without the need for extensive prototyping.
Acoustical holography methods will be used to identify and localize noise due to the fan, and other
significant noise sources, to visualize the sound field. In the current study, an acoustic model is
described which can be used to model the noise due to structural radiation and vortex shedding of
the outdoor HVAC unit’s rotating fan blades, one of the top contributors to the unit’s overall noise
level. This moving source model simulates the Doppler effect which occurs when the blade moves
towards and away from a receiver. The results from this moving source model is shown for
different source signals, including sinusoidal, bandpass random, repeating random, and sinusoidal
with time-varying frequency source signals. The parameters of this moving source model will be
optimized to reproduce the experimental results, including the power spectral densities, tonal
power component, and auralizations.
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Tayade, Rajeshwary G. "Incorporating the effect of delay variability in path based delay testing." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6559.
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Delay variability poses a formidable challenge in both design and test of nanometer
circuits. While process parameter variability is increasing with technology scaling, as circuits
are becoming more complex, the dynamic or vector dependent variability is also increasing
steadily. In this research, we develop solutions to incorporate the effect of delay variability
in delay testing. We focus on two different applications of delay testing.
In the first case, delay testing is used for testing the timing performance of a circuit
using path based fault models. We show that if dynamic delay variability is not accounted for
during the path selection phase, then it can result in targeting a wrong set of paths for test.
We have developed efficient techniques to model the effect of two different dynamic effects
namely multiple-input switching noise and coupling noise. The basic strategy to incorporate
the effect of dynamic delay variability is to estimate the maximum vector delay of a path
without being too pessimistic.
In the second case, the objective was to increase the defect coverage of reliability
defects in the presence of process variations. Such defects cause very small delay changes and hence can easily escape regular tests. We develop a circuit that facilitates accurate
control over the capture edge and thus enable faster than at-speed testing. We further
develop an efficient path selection algorithm that can select a path that detects the smallest
detectable defect at any node in the presence of process variations.text
Books on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Noise-Induced Phenomena in Slow-Fast Dynamical Systems: A Sample-Paths Approach (Probability and its Applications). Springer, 2005.
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Leidwanger, Justin. Roman Seas. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083656.001.0001.
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This book offers an archaeological analysis of maritime economy and connectivity in the Roman east. That seafaring was fundamental to prosperity under Rome is beyond doubt, but a tendency to view the grandest long-distance movements among major cities against a background noise of small-scale, short-haul activity has tended to flatten the finer and varied contours of maritime interaction and coastal life into a featureless blue Mediterranean. Drawing together maritime landscape studies and network analysis, this work takes a bottom-up view of the diverse socioeconomic conditions and seafaring logistics that generated multiple structures and scales of interaction. The material record of shipwrecks and ports along a vital corridor from the southeast Aegean across the northeast Mediterranean provides a case study of regional exchange and communication based on routine sails between simple coastal facilities. Rather than a single well-integrated and persistent Mediterranean network, multiple discrete and evolving regional and interregional systems emerge. This analysis sheds light on the cadence of economic life along the coast, the development of market institutions, and the regional continuities that underpinned integration—despite certain interregional disintegration—into Late Antiquity. Through this model of seaborne interaction, the study advances a new approach to the synthesis of shipwreck and other maritime archaeological and historical economic data, as well as a path through the stark dichotomies that inform most paradigms of Roman connectivity and trade.
Book chapters on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Larsen, Ole Næsbye, William L. Gannon, Christine Erbe, Gianni Pavan, and Jeanette A. Thomas. "Source-Path-Receiver Model for Airborne Sounds." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 153–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_5.
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AbstractThe Source-Path-Receiver Model (SPRM) is a fundamental concept derived from hazard (including noise) control. It is useful in studies of animal bioacoustics where the sound sources may be animals, humans, or natural events within the habitat and the receivers are animals. It provides a framework for the researcher to ensure all aspects of the scenario being observed or recorded are considered, which could affect the observations. This chapter develops the SPRM for the example of animal acoustic communication, where the source and receiver are animals of the same species. Factors that affect the source and receiver are explained (e.g., age, sex, individual identity, and context). Much emphasis is given to “the path.” The environment through which the sound travels affects the received signal (in terms of its amplitude, frequency, and duration) and exhibits ambient noise, which might affect both sender and receiver. The basic concepts of sound propagation are explained (including Huygens’ principle, ray tracing, Snell’s law, reflection, scattering, reverberation, diffraction, refraction, transmission, absorption, ground effect, atmosphere effects, acoustic mirages, and shadow zones). The SPRM illustrates the importance of exploring the acoustic features of a sound signal at all points between the sender and receiver to understand factors that could promote or inhibit effective communication among animals.
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Zheng, Sifa, Jiabi Dan, Peng Hao, and Xiaomin Lian. "Contribution of Pass-by Noise Sources with Acoustic Holograph and Dynamic Transfer Path Model." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 637–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33832-8_51.
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Keller, Reto B. "Noise Coupling." In Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell, 189–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14186-7_12.
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AbstractNoise coupling is one of the essential and constantly recurring topics in EMC. An EMC design engineer must consider any noise coupling paths constantly during the design and when troubleshooting.First of all, this chapter discusses coupling paths. Then it is shown which coupling leads typically to differential-mode noise and which coupling does typically lead to common-mode noise.
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Zhang, Lili, Ruben Mukherjee, Piyush Wadhai, Willie Muehlhausen, and Tomas Ward. "Computational Phenotyping of Decision-Making over Voice Interfaces." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 475–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_37.
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AbstractResearch on human reinforcement learning and decision-making behaviour has traditionally used visual-based symbols and graphics in the experimental paradigms. Such research leads to improved understanding of human decision-making and has application in fundamental research in cognitive neuroscience. In clinical domains, the approach holds out the possibility for the development of computationally-derived biomarkers suitable for use in psychiatry. Scaling this experimental approach through pervasive computing can help create larger datasets which will be necessary for normative studies. This will require the expansion of these experimental approaches beyond conventional visual representations. People receive information and interact with their environments through various senses. In particular, our sense of hearing in conjunction with speech represents a ubiquitous modality for learning and for updating our knowledge of the world. Consequently, it represents an important path for the investigation of human decision-making which is now experimentally accessible via rapid advances in voice-enabled intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). Examples include Amazon’s Alexa technology and Google’s Voice Assistant. However, to date no studies have demonstrated the feasibility of delivering such experimental paradigms over such voice technologies. Consequently in this study, we compared the performance of the same group of participants on the traditional visual-based and for the first time, a conversational voice-based, two-armed bandit task. Reinforcement learning models were fitted to the data to represent the characteristics of the underlying cognitive mechanisms in the task. Both model-independent behavioural measures and model-derived parameters were compared. The results suggest that participants demonstrated higher shifting rates in the voice-based version of the task. The computational modelling analysis revealed that participants adopted similar learning rates under the two versions of the interfaces, but more decision noise was introduced in the voice-based task as reflected by the decreased value of the inverse temperature parameter. We suggest that the elevated shifting rate is derived from the increased noise in the voice interface instead of a change in the learning strategy of the participants. Higher intensity of the control adjustments (click touch versus speak) might be one of the sources of noise, thus it is important to think further regarding the design of the voice interface if we wish to apply voice-enabled IPAs to measure human decision-making in their daily environments in the future.
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Trivedi, Munesh C., Vikash Kumar Singh, Mohan L. Kolhe, Puneet Kumar Goyal, and Manish Shrimali. "Patch-Based Image Denoising Model for Mixed Gaussian Impulse Noise Using L1 Norm." In Intelligent Communication and Computational Technologies, 77–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5523-2_8.
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Erbe, Christine, Alec Duncan, and Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa. "Introduction to Sound Propagation Under Water." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 185–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_6.
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AbstractSound propagation under water is a complex process. Sound does not propagate along straight-line transmission paths. Rather, it reflects, refracts, and diffracts. It scatters off rough surfaces (such as the sea surface and the seafloor) and off reflectors within the water column (e.g., gas bubbles, fish swim bladders, and suspended particles). It is transmitted into the seafloor and partially lost from the water. It is converted into heat by exciting molecular vibrations. There are common misconceptions about sound propagation in water, such as “low-frequency sound does not propagate in shallow water,” “over hard seafloors, all sound is reflected, leading to cylindrical spreading,” and “over soft seafloors, sound propagates spherically.” This chapter aims to remove common misconceptions and empowers the reader to comprehend sound propagation phenomena in a range of environments and appreciate the limitations of widely used sound propagation models. The chapter begins by deriving the sonar equation for a number of scenarios, including animal acoustic communication, communication masking by noise, and acoustic surveying of animals. It introduces the concept of the layered ocean, presenting temperature, salinity, and resulting sound speed profiles. These are needed to develop the most common concepts of sound propagation under water: ray tracing and normal modes. This chapter explains Snell’s law, reflection and transmission coefficients, and Lloyd’s mirror. It provides an overview of publicly available sound propagation software (including wavenumber integration and parabolic equation models). It concludes with a few practical examples of modeling propagation loss for whale song and a seismic airgun array.
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"Calculation of Ray Path Distances and Propagation Times for the Nord2000 Model." In Wind Farm Noise: Measurement, Assessment, 526–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118826140.app4.
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"Parameters Estimation of Aircraft and RPAS Satellite Channels Based on IEEE 802.11a Standard." In Recent Advances in Satellite Aeronautical Communications Modeling, 65–132. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8214-4.ch002.
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This chapter deals with parameters estimation of satellite channels based on IEEE 802.11a standard. Dependencies of a signal to noise ratio on free space path loss for different types of modulation (BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM), noise temperatures, number of OFDM symbols, Doppler frequency offsets, satellite amplifier gain, and aircraft antenna diameter were received using model “OFDM_FSPL_Sat_FSPL_802.11a.” A method for parameters estimation of satellite OFDM communication channel was proposed. The spectrums and signals constellations of received signals were compared for different types of the amplifier nonlinearity. The developed model allows predicting spectral regrowth of digitally modulated OFDM signals due to the amplifier nonlinearity. Channel parameters were received for the Rayleigh and Rician fading, different types of Doppler spectrum, the gain of multipath channels, the delay time of message flow using models “OFDM_Multipath_Sat_Multipath_802.11a,” “OFDM_AWGN_Sat_Multipath_802.11a,” and “OFDM_FSPL_Sat_Rician_802.11a.”
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Ding, Xue, Gongbin Qian, and Chunlong He. "Performance Analysis of Aerial Base Station Cellular Network." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220512.
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In this paper, we model the cellular network consisting of aerial base stations (ABSs) which follow homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) and an independent collection of random users is considered. We assume that each user communicates with the closest ABS. In particular, we deal the interference signals with Laplace transform. As a result, we can obtain a tractable expression of the coverage probability. We have found that there is a maximum coverage probability which can be reached by an optimal ABS density and with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the optimal ABS density gets larger when path loss exponent (PLE) increases. Simulations under high or low SNR condition have shown that the influence of PLE on coverage probability is quite different in spite of changing signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold or ABS density.
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Zapperi, Stefano. "Vortices in superconductors." In Crackling Noise, 154–66. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856951.003.0009.
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Abstract The transport properties of vortices in type II superconductors represent a challenging theoretical problem in condensed matter. As first noted by De Gennes forty years ago, the penetration of vortices in the superconductor when the magnetic field is ramped up resembles the formation of a granular pile. Due to the interplay between vortex repulsion and pinning, the magnetic flux forms a steady profile, known as the Bean state. Experiments have shown that the analogy with SOC sandpile models is even stronger since magnetic flux enters in avalanches in the material. In several cases, these avalanches are power law distributed and this phenomenon can be accounted by models resembling the SOC sandpile. In this chapter, we first discuss briefy the basic properties of type II superconductors, from the microscopic interactions between individual vortices to the phenomenological macroscopic behavior of flux profiles. Next, we provide an account of the main experimental observations of vortexavalanches. The efforts made in the past to understand the observed avalanchesfrom the motion of individual vortices is summarized and we finally discuss the path from microscopic to macroscopic models.
Conference papers on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Figwer, Jaroslaw. "Secondary path model identification in active noise control." In Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2010.5587253.
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Sung, Shung H., and Donald J. Nefske. "Transfer Path Analysis of Body Panel Participation Using a Structural-Acoustic Finite Element Model." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1016.
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In transportation vehicles under operating conditions, interior noise frequently results from forces transmitted through the vehicle structure that excite body panel vibrations that couple with the body modes to radiate noise to the interior. The body panel participations to the interior noise that result from the force transfer paths can be identified using acoustic and structural-acoustic finite element models of the vehicle. This paper describes the transfer path analysis method to identify the body panel and modal participations for prescribed forcing excitations to the vehicle and to evaluate the effect of structural modifications. The theoretical development of the structural-acoustic finite element method and its example applications to two automotive vehicles are presented.
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Bonnet, Frederic D. R., John van der Hoek, Andrew Allison, and Derek Abbott. "Path integrals in fluctuating markets with a non-Gaussian option pricing model." In SPIE Third International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Derek Abbott, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Xavier Gabaix, and Joseph L. McCauley. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.618664.
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Ruihua Zhang, Zhibo Xie, and Xiuli Zhang. "An improved active noise control system without secondary path model." In 2010 International Conference on Image Analysis and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iasp.2010.5476077.
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Kim, Youngha, Choonhyu Kim, Jaewoong Lee, and Sunggi Kim. "Application of Experimental Transfer Path Analysis and Hybrid FRF-Based Substructuring Model to Structure-Borne Noise." In SAE 2015 Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2267.
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Thom, Brian, David Blanco, and Elizabeth Caltagirone. "Contributiuon Analysis for Ride Comfort Evaluations." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1144.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the current changing noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) landscape, there is an increased amount of collaboration between NVH engineers and other attribute engineering groups to solve complex issues. One of these complex issues is ride comfort. An increasing amount of ride comfort development is happening between NVH and ride and handling (R&H) engineers. To apply a NVH process to a R&H phenomenon, it is important to ensure that both the transducer selection as well as analysis method will be applicable over the frequency range of interest. Specifically for ride comfort development, the validation of the use of strain gauges and accelerometers along with source path contribution analysis, or transfer path analysis, is key to bridging the gap between NVH and R&H.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A source path contribution, also known as a transfer path analysis, model can be utilized to understand the contributions from various sources, both structural and acoustic, to a given set of receivers in the interior of a vehicle. The methodology can be applied to gain insight into the primary sources and contribution paths. For ride comfort evaluations, this could identify the key input forces and body sensitivity characteristics through suspension and drivetrain components that are most affecting the customer experience. Once identified, the contributions from these sources can be utilized within NVH and R&H simulators to experience the measured condition subjectively, as well as allow for virtual part swaps and modifications to either input forces or body structural responses.</div></div>
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Shuang, Huang, Chen Yuanbao, Xie Chengxi, Zhang Huajun, and Zhao Yibo. "Identification of the Model of Acoustic Feedback Path in Active Noise Control." In 2018 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac.2018.8623625.
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Shi, Zeyu, Xiongliang Yao, Guoxun Wu, and Yue Tian. "The Investigation on Cabin Noise Control of Ship Structure Based on SEA Graph Method." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78675.
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The noise of ship structure is mainly transmitted by two types which are air sound and structural sound. As a kind of mechanical energy, sound is produced by the sound source and goes through various transmission paths to the recipient. This process is a process of constant loss of energy. Therefore, according to aspects of noise generation, output, transmission and reception, the principle of cabin noise control can be divided into four aspects which are cabin structure acoustics design, noise source control, noise transfer path and individual protection at the end of cabin. In order to determine the best noise reduction measures, noise control measures should be considered on the basis of three principles of science, advanced nature and economy. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) graph method is compared a series of adjacent loss factor matrices in the SEA model with the data structure of graphs in graph theory, a plurality of transmission path of SEA model can be obtained by giving different weights to adjacent matrix loss factor matrices in SEA model. The problem of finding maximum energy transfer path in the SEA model is actually equivalent to the issue of seeking shortest path in the graph theory. In order to reduce the cabin noise of the ship structure, it is necessary to know the main source and the main energy conduction path of the noise cabin. The problem is translated into K shortest path problem in graph theory. In this paper, acoustical sensitivity analysis of noise reduction design parameter is developed according to sound energy transmission of two layer cavities structure, which can guide the noise reduction design of the ship cabin. The proposed cabin noise control method is applied to the problem of overproof cabin noise, and the optimal noise control scheme is obtained.
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George, Binoj K., Nagababu Garikipati, Mark Doroudian, Kevin Horne, Kiran Voonna, and Lars Erbig. "HVAC Noise Prediction Using Lighthill Wave Method." In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1125.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system is essential in providing the thermal comfort to the cabin occupants. The HVAC noise which is typically not the main noise source in IC engine vehicles, is considered to be one of the dominant sources inside the electric vehicle cabin. As air is delivered through ducts and registers into the cabin, it will create an air-rush/broadband noise and in addition to that, any sharp edges or gaps in flow path can generate monotone/tonal noise. Noise emanating from the HVAC system can be reduced by optimizing the airflow path using virtual tools during the development stage. This paper mainly focuses on predicting the noise from the HVAC ducts and registers.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, noise simulations were carried-out with ducts and registers. A Finite Volume Method (FVM) based 3-dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver was used for flow as well as acoustic simulations. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was used for flow field generation and noise characteristics were studied using a hybrid Lighthill Wave Model (LWM). The frequency response of the aeroacoustic noise from the ducts and registers were predicted using the simulations and the models were compared in terms of Overall Average Sound Pressure Level (OASPL). The simulated spectra exhibit good correlation with the test data.</div></div>
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Puri, Amrita, Subodh Modak, and Kshitij Gupta. "Kalman Filter Based Active Noise Control for Vibro-Acoustic Cavities." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mcf-088.
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This paper explores use of the Kalman filter to estimate modal states in Modal Filtered-X LMS algorithm. Modal Filtered-x LMS (M FxLMS) algorithm is an adaptive algorithm, recently proposed by the authors, to minimize global acoustic potential energy of a vibro-acoustic cavity for reducing global level of noise in the cavity. For a weakly coupled vibro-acoustic cavity, global acoustic potential energy can be expressed as sum of squares of modal amplitudes of rigid walled acoustic modes of the cavity. Therefore, the algorithm was formulated to minimize sum of squares of modal amplitudes of the rigid walled acoustic modes. The M FxLMS algorithm turned out to be modal counterpart of the conventional FxLMS algorithm. In the conventional FxLMS algorithm, sum of squares of pressures at the location of microphones is minimized and hence, values of acoustic pressure at the location of error microphones and physical secondary path impulse responses are used. A physical secondary path impulse response represents the variation of acoustic pressure at location of error microphone when secondary source is driven by an impulse function. In the M FxLMS algorithm, sum of squares of modal amplitudes of some chosen acoustic modes is minimized and hence, values of modal amplitudes of the chosen acoustic modes and modal secondary path impulse responses are used. A modal secondary path impulse response represents the variation of modal amplitude of a particular acoustic mode when secondary source is driven by an impulse function. In the earlier study, modal amplitude of the acoustic modes are obtained using information of acoustic pressure at some discrete locations inside the cavity and information of the chosen acoustic mode shapes at those locations. In that approach, number of the acoustic pressure sensors must be adequately more than number of the acoustic modes contributing in desired frequency range. In a view of reducing number of the acoustic pressure sensors, this paper explores use of Kalman filter to estimate modal amplitudes of the acoustic modes. A modal model of the vibro-acoustic cavity is used in the formulation of Kalman filter for estimation of modal amplitudes of acoustic modes. A numerical study is carried out on the same irregular vibro-acoustic cavity which was used for the earlier study. An acoustic disturbance acting inside the cavity and a structural disturbance acting on the flexible surface of the cavity are considered. An acoustic control source is used as a secondary source. The study is carried out for three frequencies: a cavity controlled resonance, a panel controlled resonance and an off-resonance frequency. It is found that with the use of Kalman filter; only 6 microphones are required as against the 18 microphones required in the previous approach for the accurate estimation and then, control of modal amplitudes of first 12 acoustic modes.
Reports on the topic "Noise Path Model"
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Hagos, Samson, Aneesh Subramanian, Lai-Yung Leung, Peter Watson, Peter Dueben, Chidong Zhang, Falko Judt, Judith Berner, Hannah Christensen, and Will Chapman. Modeling Noise: Paths toward AI-Enabled Stochastic Earth System Models and Parameterizations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769749.
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