Journal articles on the topic 'Noel Settings'
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Burke, Noel. "Commentary: Building Bonds: Community and Education." LEARNing Landscapes 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v10i1.716.
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In this interview, Noel Burke describes how his passion for linking community, education, and lifelong learning began early in his career as a teacher and continued throughout his various roles in educational settings. He gives examples of several projects in which he was involved, highlighting both successes and failures. He explains the key factors that promote successful community-education projects and concludes by giving advice to young professors about integrating their research interests in the community.
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Rusmore, Margaret E. "Geology of the Cadwallader Group and the Intermontane–Insular superterrane boundary, southwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 2279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-213.
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Several lower Mesozoic, fault-bounded units separate the Intermontane and Insular superterranes in southwestern British Columbia. Detailed study of one of these Mesozoic units, the Cadwallader Group, helps clarify the boundary between the superterranes and establish the tectonic evolution of southwestern British Columbia. The Cadwallader Group is the oldest unit in an Upper Triassic through Middle Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary tectono-stratigraphic terrane. Two formations, the Pioneer and the Hurley, compose the Cadwallader Group; the previously recognized Noel Formation is no longer considered valid. The Pioneer Formation contains pillow basalt, flows, and basalt breccia. Siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate, and minor amounts of limestone megabreccia and basalt belonging to the Hurley Formation conformably overlie the Pioneer. The Hurley spans latest Carnian or earliest Norian to middle Norian time. Two episodes of deformation affected the Cadwallader, and a thrust fault separates the group from slightly younger clastic rocks of the Tyaughton Group. Similarities in clastic rocks indicate the Tyaughton was deposited on the Cadwallader; together the units form the Cadwallader terrane. Basalts and clastic rocks in the terrane record deposition in or near a Carnian to earliest Norian volcanic arc. Volcanism waned later in the Norian, but presence of the arc is preserved in the clastic rocks.Oceanic rocks of the Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic Bridge River terrane became juxtaposed with the Cadwallader terrane in Middle Jurassic time, after which the terranes functioned as a single tectonic block. Contrasting volcanic histories suggest that the Cadwallader terrane was not accreted to the Intermontane superterrane until Middle Jurassic or Early Cretaceous time, although the similar tectonic settings of Stikinia and the Cadwallader terrane allow a common earlier history. The Cadwallader terrane is not part of either the Alexander terrane or Wrangellia, and so the inboard margin of the Insular superterrane must lie west of the Cadwallader terrane.
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Sarve, Archana Rai, Hima Pakkath Venu, and Mariya Shaju. "Nonorganic Hearing Loss: A Case Profile." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 09, no. 01 (January 2019): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1689068.
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AbstractAdults and children exhibit nonorganic hearing loss (NOHL). In children, NOHL can be due to several underlying factors. Issues of this kind if not treated on time may become risky for the child’s well-being if the underlying cause of NOHL is psychosocial and emotional. In most of the clinical settings attention is less drawn toward diagnosis and management of the root cause of NOHL. In this present article, we present the audiological profile of a 7-year-old girl with NOHL. The patient came to the department with the compliant of difficulty in hearing. Immittance results showed no abnormalities; however, reliable pure tone results could not be obtained. Subjective tests revealed bilateral hearing loss and objective assessment indicated a normal hearing. On the second visit, audiometric tests were repeated which showed normal hearing. After exclusion of neurological pathology and psychological consultation, the diagnosis of NOHL was stated and the girl was scheduled for regular appointments with a psychologist. In addition, literature on the causative factors related to NOHL has also been discussed in the present article.
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Safriyani, Rizka. "Corpus-Based Research in Vocabulary Learning." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2020.11.2.203-216.
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n the university, corpus-based research is commonly done for writing a thesis. However, corpus-based research can also be introduced for the first year of EFL students to build their critical thinking and vocabulary mastery. Less research discusses the practice of corpus-based research for the first year EFL student. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the benefit and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. This study aims to examine the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research in the Indonesian EFL Setting. Students did corpus-based research in English for the Islamic Studies course. Students tried to structure an English glossary from online Islamic articles, Islamic journals, and Islamic blogs. Forty-four students were chosen as the subject of the research. The survey was done to the students to gather the data about the benefits and the challenges of corpus-based research. The results showed that corpus-based research benefits increase vocabulary, increase students' understanding of research, improve students' accuracy in writing, develop critical thinking, and develop collaboration. Students faced several challenges in implementing corpus-based research. The finding shows students have difficulties in understanding new vocabulary. Besides, they have problems classifying data into specific topics, allocating time, and writing their reports.
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Venkatasubramani, Rajendran, and Thirumoorthy Viswanathan. "Study on Multi Drug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens Obtained from Clinical Settings of Tamil Nadu for Developing Novel Alternative Therapeutics." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 1803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.13.3.57.
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Setyorini, Ari, and Serwana Idris. "The Practice of Ideological State Apparatuses in Lois Lowry’s The Giver." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 8, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2017.8.2.83-93.
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This article attempts to portray how a contemporary young adult literature entitled The Giver (Lowry, 1993) illustrates the operation of state apparatus in a dystopian setting of time and place. Applying Althusser’s theory of state apparatuses, the study particularly focuses on a prominent issue of Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA) which is operated within the The Giver’s society. Descriptive qualitative research is applied to interpret the data in the novel. The result of this study reveals that the novel draws ISA as a tool to control and to maintain the dominance in this dystopian community. The ISA operates through training system, particular rule of language used by the community, media censorship, and family’s role.
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Nobre, Thais S., Ligia M. Antunes-Correa, Raphaela V. Groehs, Maria Janieire N. N. Alves, Adriana O. Sarmento, Aline V. Bacurau, Ursula Urias, et al. "Exercise training improves neurovascular control and calcium cycling gene expression in patients with heart failure with cardiac resynchronization therapy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): H1180—H1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00275.2016.
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Heart failure (HF) is characterized by decreased exercise capacity, attributable to neurocirculatory and skeletal muscle factors. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and exercise training have each been shown to decrease muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and increase exercise capacity in patients with HF. We hypothesized that exercise training in the setting of CRT would further reduce MSNA and vasoconstriction and would increase Ca2+-handling gene expression in skeletal muscle in patients with chronic systolic HF. Thirty patients with HF, ejection fraction <35% and CRT for 1 mo, were randomized into two groups: exercise-trained (ET, n = 14) and untrained (NoET, n = 16) groups. The following parameters were compared at baseline and after 4 mo in each group: V̇o2 peak, MSNA (microneurography), forearm blood flow, and Ca2+-handling gene expression in vastus lateralis muscle. After 4 mo, exercise duration and V̇o2 peak were significantly increased in the ET group ( P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively), but not in the NoET group. MSNA was significantly reduced in the ET ( P = 0.001), but not in NoET, group. Similarly, forearm vascular conductance significantly increased in the ET ( P = 0.0004), but not in the NoET, group. The expression of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger ( P = 0.01) was increased, and ryanodine receptor expression was preserved in ET compared with NoET. In conclusion, the exercise training in the setting of CRT improves exercise tolerance and neurovascular control and alters Ca2+-handling gene expression in the skeletal muscle of patients with systolic HF. These findings highlight the importance of including exercise training in the treatment of patients with HF even following CRT.
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van der Linde, Henk, Karel Van Ammel, Ard Teisman, and David J. Gallacher. "Could a systematic threshold analysis approach optimize the NOEL/OEL setting within a safety pharmacology study?" Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 93 (September 2018): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2018.01.501.
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Posner, Richard A. "Nobel Laureate: Ronald Coase and Methodology." Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.4.195.
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Ronald Coase wrote two great theoretical articles that earned him the Nobel Prize: “The Nature of the Firm” in 1937 and “The Problem of Social Cost” in 1960. He also wrote many articles dealing with the methodology of economics, often in the setting of a discussion of a particular economist, such as Adam Smith or Alfred Marshall. The methodological articles will be my particular focus here.
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Azizah, Rofi’atul, and Sufi Ikrima Sa'adah. "An Ecocritical Analysis of Young Adult Dystopian Novel in Veronica Rossi’s Under The Never Sky." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2017.8.1.22-34.
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This study aims to describe the representation of nature and the interaction of Aria and Peregrine as main characters with nature. Descriptive qualitative method is used by applying Garrad’s theory of ecocriticism and Basu’s perspective on dystopian literature. The results of this study are: first, pastoral is represented by the distiction of the town and country. In the novel town is reprsented as Reverie and country as Death Shop. Second,Wilderness is represented by the wilderness of society inthe Reverie and Death Shop and the wilderness of Death Shop’s land. Third, Apocalypse is represented by the portrayal of foreboding doom and human eradication in the novel. The setting of place and time is the result of natural disaster and the development of technology takes control in human’s life. The interaction of Aria and Peregrine shows human coexist with nature, human takes experience, learns knowledge and makes relation with nature.
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Rohmatullah, Nang Gede, and Riana Permatasari. "Ethnocentrism and Its Effects as Depicted in The Kite Runner Novel." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2021.12.1.60-69.
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This study analyzed the portrayal of ethnocentrism and its negative effects in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner using Bizumic’s ethnocentrism theory. This study used descriptive qualitative methods; the data were collected from the novel in monologues, dialogues, and narratives. Based on the data, ethnocentrism depicted in the novel taking setting in Afghanistan was represented in terms of superiority and in-group preference. The novel depicted that one ethnic, the Pashtun, felt more superior to the Hazara. This superiority made the Pashtun always evaluate other groups based on their standard. They built the in-group preference in which they regard their standard as the best compared to the Hazara. In addition, the negative effects of ethnocentrism were manifested into three points: violence against other groups, ethnic wars, and desire to control the territory. In short, ethnocentrism causes differences in thoughts and opinions between one group and another and further affects their relationship negatively.
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El-Feki, Sameh, and Taher Abdel-Ghani. "The architectural features of socio-spatial transformation in Hassan Al-Imam’s Cairo Trilogy." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00055_1.
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The urban scenery that dominated Cairo since the nineteenth century was a spatial superimposition of tradition and modernity, represented in the social and architectural composition of the city. The cinematic medium in Egypt attempted to visualize such overlap through a vivid depiction of spatial transformations occurring within the micro and macro urban levels revealing hidden aspects of social order and organizational behaviour. This article sheds light on Egyptian filmmaker Hassan Al-Imam’s Cairo Trilogy films, based on the critically acclaimed novels by Nobel Prize laureate Naguib Mahfouz, where the story takes place in the heart of early twentieth-century Cairo spanning from 1917 to 1944. The films’ physical features illustrate the morphology of time and urban space constituting to the socio-spatial narratives of the local setting, a theoretical framework adopted by the authors named cine-spatial representation. Through the examination of such connection within the settings across the three films, the article reveals the influence of non-physical elements on the physicality of architectural and urban space, creating a visual narrative from social collectivism to individualist fragmentation.
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Kaprisma, Hendra, and Zulidyana Dwi Rusnalasari. "Love-Death Hanna Schmitz in Bernhard Schlink's The Reader Novel." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2018.9.2.88-95.
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Literary research, essentially is a process of meeting between literary works and researchers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to the reader's situation and reading situation when dealing with literary works. The reader already has a certain amount of knowledge that is realized or will not equip the reading. The knowledge will fill the horizon of understanding when reading the text (novel) with its contextuality. That horizon then directs the reading. Therefore, reading is not a process that runs in one direction, but rather a form of dynamic interaction between the text and the reader. Likewise in the novel The Reader by Bernhard Schlink, readers / researchers will not be able to be separated from the context behind the work. The history of the holocaust sets the stage for telling love stories between Hanna and Michael. The history and love story are interrelated. Literary writers provide a strong setting in the narrative of telling the novel. In the end, the novel became a documentary of the imagination and creativity of the writer in relation to social relations.
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Sandra, Lifia Alex, and Lemmuela Alvita Kurniawati. "Differentiated Instruction for ASD Students in an EFL Class." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2021.12.2.243-259.
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his study aimed to investigate the implementation of Differentiated Instructions (DI) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) students in an EFL class and investigate the teachers’ views on the use of DI in an EFL class. This study employed a qualitative method and used an observation and interview checklist as the research instruments. Conducted in a private inclusive elementary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this study involved three classes, i.e., grade 2, grade 3, and grade 6, and two English teachers who have experience teaching ASD students in an inclusive classroom setting. The observation and interview showed that DI was implemented in two ways, i.e., the English teachers designed different assessments for ASD students, and 2) the English teachers provided extra assistance for ASD students. The findings indicated that DI helped ASD students accomplish all in-class English assignments, and it helped ASD students follow the language of instructions in the English class. At the end of the article, implications and contributions for both in- and pre-service English teachers who teach ASD students in an inclusive class are offered.
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Baldrick, Paul, Mary Ellen Cosenza, Tessie Alapatt, Brad Bolon, Melissa Rhodes, and Ian Waterson. "Toxicology Paradise: Sorting Out Adverse and Non-adverse Findings in Animal Toxicity Studies." International Journal of Toxicology 39, no. 5 (July 3, 2020): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581820935089.
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A challenge for all toxicologists is defining what study findings are actually adverse versus non-adverse in animal toxicity studies, and which ones are relevant for generating a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) to assess human risk. This article presents views on this challenge presented by toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists, and regulatory reviewers at the 2019 annual meeting of the American College of Toxicology during a workshop entitled “Toxicology Paradise: Sorting Out Adverse and Non-adverse Findings.” The speakers noted that setting a NOAEL is not always straightforward, not only for small molecules but also for biopharmaceuticals, and that a “weight of evidence” approach often is more useful than a rigid threshold-setting algorithm. Regulators from the US Food and Drug Administration and European Union told how assessment of adverse nonclinical findings is undertaken to allow clinical studies to commence and drug marketing approvals to succeed, along with the process that allows successful dialogs with regulators. Nonclinical case studies of findings judged to be adverse versus non-adverse were presented in relation to the many factors that might halt or delay clinical development. The process of defining adverse findings and the NOAEL in final study reports was discussed, as well as who should be involved in the process.
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Setzer, R. W., and C. A. Kimmel. "Use of NOAEL, benchmark dose, and other models for human risk assessment of hormonally active substances." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112151.
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The benchmark dose (BMD) is the dose of a substance that is expected to result in a prespecified level of effect, the benchmark response level or BMR. It is a general approach to characterizing dose response, applicable to any toxicant and endpoint. A BMD is conceptually superior to a "no observed adverse effect level" (NOAEL) for this purpose because of being less determined by experimental design, because it is a precisely defined entity, and because its precision can be estimated. Since a BMD is a single number, just as an NOAEL, it is tempting to use the BMD as a straightforward replacement for the NOAEL in the assessment process for calculating allowable daily intakes. However, the level of toxic response at a NOAEL is unknown, while that at a BMD is well defined. Use of the BMD approach potentially adds consistency and objectivity to the process of deriving reference values (RfDs, RfCs, or ADIs) for setting regulatory levels. To take advantage of this, BMRs need to be selected in a consistent way across studies and endpoints. This paper discusses some issues affecting the selection of BMRs, and presents an example of a BMD calculated for the effects of peripubertal exposure to the fungicide vinclozolin.
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Bernasconi, Elena, Chiara Tarantelli, Eugenio Gaudio, Ivo Kwee, Andrea Rinaldi, Luciano Cascione, Anastasios Stathis, Maria Eugenia Riveiro, Emanuele Zucca, and Francesco Bertoni. "The BET-Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Is Active As a Single Agent and in Combination with Other Targeted Drugs in Preclinical Models of Mantle Cell Lymphoma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3113.3113.
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Abstract Background. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), which is characterized by the deregulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1), is one of the most common lymphoma subtypes, accounting for 5-10% of all cases. MCL prognosis is often very poor. Several novel non-chemotherapeutic agents have shown promising activity in MCL, but novel agents and in particular new drug combinations are needed to improve patients' outcome. Aberrant changes in histone modifications, DNA methylation and expression levels of non-coding RNA contribute to MCL pathogenesis and represent potential therapeutic targets. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers contributing to gene transcription. OTX015 is a bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor that has shown preclinical activity in hematologic and solid tumor models (Gaudio et al, AACR 2014; Noel et al, EORTC-NCI-AACR 2013) as well as promising early results in an ongoing phase I study (Herait et al, AACR 2014; NCT01713582). Here, we present preclinical evidence of OTX015 activity in combination with other targeted drugs in MCL. Material and methods. MCL cell lines (REC1, MAVER1, UPN1, JeKo1, SP53, Mino, Granta519) were exposed to increasing doses of OTX015 alone or in combination with increasing doses of other drugs, including everolimus, BEZ235, ibrutinib, carfilzomib, pomalidomide, 5-AZA, vorinostat and dexamethasone. The MTT assay was performed after 72h exposure. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used for RNA and protein expression analyses. Synergy was assessed by the Chou-Talalay combination index (CI) with the Synergy R package: CI<0.3, strong synergy; 0.3-0.9, synergy; 0.9-1.1, additive effect. Results. OTX015 showed antiproliferative activity as a single agent in 6/7 MCL cell lines with IC50s < 500 nM. Four MCL cell lines were exposed to DMSO or OTX015 (500 nM and IC50) for 4 and 24h to evaluate expression of CCND1 and other members of signaling pathways known to be impacted by BRD inhibitors. No reduction in CCND1 was observed at the RNA or protein levels after OTX015 exposure. However, MYC was downregulated and the transcriptional regulator HEXIM1 and histone-coding genes were upregulated. In light of reported strong synergy between OTX015 and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, we evaluated OTX015 combined with everolimus or the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 in 6 MCL cell lines (REC1, MAVER1, UPN1, JeKo1, SP53, Mino). In addition, combinations of OTX015 with the BTK-inhibitor ibrutinib, the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, the immunomodulator pomalidomide, the demethylating agent 5-AZA, the HDAC-inhibitor vorinostat, and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone were assessed in REC1 and MAVER1. Combinations of OTX015 with everolimus, pomalidomide, dexamethasone, and ibrutinib showed the strongest activity (Fig 1). Strong synergy between BEZ235 and OTX015 was only seen in the ibrutinib-resistant cell line MAVER1. Conclusions. OTX015 showed preclinical activity as a single agent in MCL cells. The mechanism of action does not appear to involve CCDN1 down-regulation and gene expression profiling studies will be needed to identify the involved pathways. OTX015 had additive or synergistic activity with several targeted compounds in multiple MCL cell lines, identifying combinations that may merit further investigation in the preclinical and clinical settings. Fig. 1. Chou-Talalay analysis of OTX015 combinations in MCL cell lines. Y-axis: CI<0.3, strong synergy; 0.3-0.9, synergy; 0.9-1.1, additive effect; > 2.25, antagonism. Outliers were excluded. C.I., Combination Index. Fig. 1. Chou-Talalay analysis of OTX015 combinations in MCL cell lines. Y-axis: CI<0.3, strong synergy; 0.3-0.9, synergy; 0.9-1.1, additive effect; > 2.25, antagonism. Outliers were excluded. C.I., Combination Index. Disclosures Stathis: Oncoethix SA: Consultancy, Research Funding. Riveiro:Oncoethix SA: Consultancy, Research Funding; Oncology Therapeutic Development: Employment. Bertoni:Oncoethix SA: Research Funding.
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Hasan, Mariwan, and Diman Sharif. "William Golding’s Lord of the Flies: A Reconsideration." NOBEL: Journal of Literature and Language Teaching 11, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/nobel.2020.11.2.125-136.
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This paper reconsiders William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. Allegorical writings can illustrate ethical, social or psychological and moral issues using the manipulation of images that have stipulated meanings other than their meanings as imitations of the actual world. Allegory has been used widely throughout history in all forms of art, and comprehensible for the reader, conveys hidden meanings through symbolic figures. Lord of the Flies had been written in relation to historical circumstances of the twentieth-century and to the personal experience of William Golding. Also, it has provided a critical analysis of the novel that treated the prominent perspective and elements in it. The novel is a parallel of life in the late twentieth century, while it looks like society a stage of enhancement in technology whereas, human morality is not completely mature yet. “Lord of the Flies is an allegorical microcosm of the world. The destruction of World War II because of the dictators who initiated this war has a profound impact on William Golding himself”. In the beginning, the paper gives an introduction to Golding’s point of view on humanity with the title of how to draw attention to me through allegory and fable, two forms of imaginative literature that encouraged the reader and listener to look for hidden meanings. Then it deals with William Golding’s Lord of the Flies from the cultural approaches of that time, who is one of the most prominent literary men of postmodernism that was famous for utilizing symbolism within the novel; “he used different kinds of symbols, characters, objects, animals, colors and setting to convey his message about his main theme”, in the last section we analyzed the postmodern features in Lord of the Flies and how they are used to depict Golding’s view. The way Golding uses allegory strengthens the symbolism of his novel. Finally, it tackles the educational value through his experiences in teaching along with critical analysis of Golding’s technique.
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Mayer, Wolf. "William Noel Benson (1885-1957): Insights into the Life and Work of an Eminent Geologist." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.1.787u2x34ln22hg31.
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William Noel Benson was one of the most renowned geologists in Australia and New Zealand during the first half of the twentieth century. He studied geology at the Universities of Sydney and Cambridge and occupied the Chair of Geology at the University of Otago with great distinction for thirty-three years. His research work extended across the greater part of the geological spectrum and gained him world-wide recognition and a reputation as a scholar in the classical mode. His name is today most closely associated with his pioneering work on the composition, origin and tectonic setting of the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales, and with his unfinished study of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Dunedin district, in New Zealand. He also made important contributions in such diverse fields as palaeontology, geomorphology, engineering geology and medical geology. Benson was a highly respected teacher and a compassionate man with deep religious convictions.
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Suwarni, Endang. "DESKRIPSI LATAR PADA NOVEL BURUNG-BURUNG MANYAR KARYA YB. MANGUN WIJAYA." J-Simbol: Jurnal Magister Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j-simbol/v9i1.2021.4.
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In this study discusses the setting of the novel "Burung-Burung Manyar" by Y.B Mangunwijaya. The purpose of this study is to describe and implicate in the study of literature in high school. To realize these objectives, in this study using descriptive qualitative methods. The data source was taken from the novel "Burung-Manyar" by Y.B Mangunwijaya. Research undertaken is to show the setting of the place and events in detail. It is hoped that these findings can be implicated in the study of literature in high school.
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Srivastava, Anand Narain, Jata Shankar Misra, Sharique Ahmad, and Subuhi Anwar. "ORAL CANCER: NOVEL TREATMENTS AND APPROACHES." Era's Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 2 (December 2022): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2022.40.
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The aggressive tumour known as oral cancer can metastasize, produce a high fatality rate, and infect nearby tissue. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for example, are common treatment options that, when used in clinical settings, have both minimal drawbacks and major side effects. Currently, oral therapeutic medication delivery using targeted drug administration is proving to be effective. In recent years, an effective alternative therapy known as “nanomedicine,” or using nanoplatforms to deliver drugs for the treatment of cancer, has evolved. Thanks to the use of nanoplatforms, drug delivery to the tumour site can be done precisely and with minimal drug degradation in the body. As a result, the drug's toxicity is diminished, its concentration at the tumour site is elevated, and its distribution to other organs is kept to minimum. We present a contemporary review of the development medication delivery targeted for the treatment of oral cancer in this article different oral delivery systems, including as cyclodextrins, liposomes, hydrogel-based forms, and nanolipids are highlighted and explored. Biomimetic systems, such as therapeutic vitamins, proteins, exosomes, and virus-like particles, with a focus on cancer treatment, are also described. The study concludes with a brief analysis of future applications for nanoplatforms in the treatment of oral cancer.
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Mutti, Antonio, and Audrey Smargiassi. "Selective Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Systems To Industrial Chemicals: Risk Assessment of Related Neuroendocrine Changes." Toxicology and Industrial Health 14, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379801400119.
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Increased serum prolactin (PRL) is a common finding among subjects exposed to styrene, perchloroethylene, lead (Pb), and manganese (Mn) at levels below the current threshold limit values. On a group basis, abnormally high basal PRL shows a dose-related distribution among workers exposed to styrene, Pb, and Mn. On the basis of dose-response relationships, the benchmark doses (BMD) for styrene metabolites in urine, lead in blood (Pb-B), and Mn in urine (Mn-U), are 4 mg/g creatinine, 112 μg/L, and 0.3 μg/L, respectively. Noteworthy, the BMD for Mn-U and Pb-B is well below the upper reference limit. A shift in the distribution but not in the prevalence of abnormally high values of serum PRL was observed among perchloroethylene-exposed dry cleaners, which makes interpretation in terms of risk difficult. The measurement of PRL thus provides opportunities for early identification of excess exposure to neurotoxic chemicals affecting dopaminergic control of pituitary secretion. For styrene, Pb, and Mn the BMD provides an objective and statistically determined threshold, which seems to be in good agreement with the estimated no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). The NOAEL, however, is based on traditional approaches that require the application of uncertainty factors, e.g., a default factor of 10 when extrapolating the NOAEL from the lowest-observed- adverse-effect-level (LOAEL). Due to its sensitivity to a number of potential confounders, caution must be exercised when using PRL as a screening test at the individual level. Also, age and sex dependent variations in susceptibility may hamper extrapolations from the occupational settings to the general population.
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Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, and Lava Shrestha. "Effects Of Type Sports On Pulmonary Function Tests: A Comparative Study In Nepalese Settings." Journal of Nobel Medical College 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7667.
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Introduction: Due to regular exercises, athletes tend to have an increase in pulmonary capacity when compared to non-exercising individuals. Intensity and severity of sports engaged in by the athletes probably determines the extent of strengthening of the inspiratory muscles with a resultant increase in the pulmonary functions.1, 2 So, this study has been carried out to establish a relationship between the type of sports and pulmonary functions in Nepalese athletes. Methods: This study has adopted a cross sectional observational comparative research design. Spirometry was conducted in 84 different national level athletes [25.71 (± 4.55) years]. The athletes were from five different sport groups. Out of them, there were 16 weight lifters, 41 footballers, 10 swimmers, 8 marathon runners and 9 sprinters. Among them weight lifters, marathoners and sprinters were selected from the National sports council, Tripureshower, Kathmandu and footballers and swimmers were from the Nepal army club, Kathmandu, Nepal. The spirometry was done in sitting position using MIR SPIROLAB II spirometer based on American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations. Pulmonary function was assessed based on Forced Expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) expressed as percent predicted for the age, sex, height, weight and race. Results: When comparing the mean values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR among the five different sport groups, as expected, athletes who have more strenuous respiratory muscles exercise had significantly superior pulmonary function parameters. For example weight lifters and swimmers had 111.84 and 109.56 percentage of predicted values on FVC (P=0.008) respectively. But marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 105.83, 99.25 and 98.34 percentage of predicted values respectively. Similarly, weight lifters, swimmers, marathoners, footballers and sprinters had 110.63, 110.15 and 110.28, 102.52 and 99.23 percentages of predicted values on FEV1 (p=0.090) respectively. Swimmers, marathoners, footballers, weight lifters and sprinters had 106.03 and 107.34, 104.37, 102.08 and 86.58 percentage of predicted values on PEFR (p=0.027) respectively. Conclusion: Athletes who have most strenuous respiratory muscle exercise like swimming and weight lifting have better pulmonary function tests (PFTs) compared to other athletes like sprinters who have less strenuous muscle exercise. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 2, No.1 Issue 3 Nov.-April 2013 Page 18-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v2i1.7667
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Pokhrel Ghimire, Sita, Ram Hari Ghimire, Ashima Ghimire, Dilliram Kafle, Manisha Chhetry, and Mahanand Kumar. "Gullain-Barré Syndrome during pregnancy: Fetomaternal outcomes." Journal of Nobel Medical College 5, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v5i2.16308.
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Background Gullain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is not uncommon during pregnancy in our setting. There are no studies regarding the clinical profile and fetomaternal outcomes of GBS during pregnancy in Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse clinical profile and fetomaternal outcome of pregnant women with GBS.Material & Methods Prospective descriptive analysis was carried out of all female’s cases of >16 years women of GBS with pregnancy who were admitted in the hospital between 1st August 2015 and 30th July 2016. A structured questionnaire was designed which included demographic, obstetric, clinical, neonatal and neurological parameters.Results During the period of 1 year, 11 cases were analysed with median age of 23.7 years. Disease was common in primi and in 3rd trimester. Three patients (27.2%)needed mechanical ventilation and one of them (9%) died due to ventilator associated pneumonia. There was only one (9%) neonatal death.Conclusion Gullain-Barré Syndrome is not uncommon in our setting. Early diagnosis and proper management of pregnant women with GBS may result in good fetomaternal outcome.Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 5-9
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Toews, Anne Frances. "Setting the Record Straight: A Doctor’s Memoir of the 1962 Medicare Crisis, Noel Doig, Edited by Joan DoigSetting the Record Straight: A Doctor’s Memoir of the 1962 Medicare Crisis, Noel Doig, Edited by Joan Doig, Saskatoon: Indie Ink, 2012. 320 pages, $29.95." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 32, no. 2 (November 2015): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.32.2.424.
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Agyei, G., and A. J. Dadzie. "Comparative analysis on the performance of non-electronic and electronic initiation systems on fragmentation distribution at Gold Fields Ghana Limited-Tarkwa Gold Mine." Nigerian Journal of Technology 41, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v41i4.2.
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The purpose of blasting is to reduce rock mass to acceptable sizes suitable for load and haul operations to satisfy primary crusher requirement. The crusher settings of Gold Fields Ghana Limited require that about 80 percent of every muckpile be less than the size of 240 mm to enable free flow of materials in the crusher. Initiating blast at Gold Fields Ghana Limited is done by the shock tube non-electronic (NONEL) initiation system as well as the electronic initiation system. As a result of findings from previous studies the shock tube non-electronic system is used more often while the electronic initiation system is used at sensitive areas of the mine specifically the Atuabo pit. However, no detailed current study has been carried out to determine which of these initiation systems is more efficient in terms of the cut-off sieve size of the crushing plant. This paper compares the percentage fragmentation sizes of the blasts produced by the initiations systems used at the mine to determine which of the initiation methods produces 80 percent of the muckpile being less than the size of 240 mm; keeping every parameter related to fragmentation constant. The results obtained reveal that initiating with the electronic system increases the percentage of the required sizes above the 80 percent benchmark. About 33.33% of blast initiated by the NONEL system were below the 80 percent. The achievement by the electronic initiation system could be attributed to the higher precision and accuracy of the electronic detonators.
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Rahman, Azmeri, Adrian J. Bridge, Steve Rowlinson, Bryan Hubbard, and Bo Xia. "Multinational contracting and the eclectic paradigm of internationalization." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 11 (December 3, 2018): 1418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2017-0216.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel version of Dunning’s eclectic paradigm of internationalisation (OLI framework) to explain both inbound and outbound Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multinational contracting. Design/methodology/approach The OLI factors and hypothesis are significantly developed to address a weakness in the OLI framework in its application to settings, such as multinational contracting, with extreme heterogeneity arising from extreme location specificity. Findings These developments advance Dunning’s seminal contribution and bring this to life in construction research that has barely applied the framework and, when doing so, has focused only on outbound FDI by multinational contractors (MCs). Research limitations/implications The power of the OLI framework is increased on explaining and predicting FDI in contexts that exhibit extreme heterogeneity associated with extreme location specificity. Furthermore, the operationalisation of key theories representing the framework’s OLI factors is made far more precise. Practical implications Engineering, construction and architectural managers, can now more reliably apply the OLI framework both in MCs’ outbound FDI decisions and in governments’ decisions to attract new MCs – or inbound FDI. Originality/value A significant advance is made in the OLI framework in settings with extreme location specificity, along with the operationalisation of key theories associated with the OLI factors, including the first steps to operationalise Coase’s Nobel prize-winning transaction cost thesis.
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Beikauskas, Edvinas, and Tomas Kamblevicius. "Comparing Legal Professional Privilege in EU and Lithuanian Law." European Business Law Review 23, Issue 4 (July 1, 2012): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2012031.
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Despite of its limited contextual setting, the findings of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Akzo Nobel case on the issue of protection of confidentiality of communications between lawyers and their clients provide a good understanding of how the concept of legal professional privilege (LPP) is viewed or wants to be viewed by the European Union (EU) courts in general. At the same time, it invites for a comparative analysis of the concepts of LPP as they are being understood under EU law on the one hand and national laws of individual EU Member States on the other hand. While such exercises were conducted in respect of some EU Member States, no comparative analysis exists in respect of Lithuania. This article aims to fill-in this gap.
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Zipunova, Elizaveta, and Evgeny Savenkov. "Phase field model for electrically induced damage using microforce theory." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 27, no. 6 (December 14, 2021): 1111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10812865211052078.
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In this paper, we present a consistent derivation of the phase field model for electrically induced damage. The derivation is based on Gurtin’s microstress and microforce theory and the Coleman–Noll procedure. The resulting model accounts for Ohmic currents, includes charge conservation law and allows for finite electric permittivity and conductivity distribution in the medium. Special attention is devoted to the case when the damaged region is a codimension-two object, i.e., a curve in three dimensions. It is shown that in this case the free energy of the model necessarily includes a high-order term, which ensures the well-posedness of the problem. A special problem setting is proposed to account for the prescribed charge distribution. Local features of the phase field distribution are illustrated with one-dimensional axisymmetric numerical experiments.
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Hajdari, Dr Sc Azem. "Legal regulation on utilization of natural resources of Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v1i1.204.
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Kosovo is part of South-Eastern Europe, inside the Balkan Pe-ninsula. It has a surface area of 10.877 square kilometres, surroun-ded by Albania, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro.[1] Kosovo for-ms a geographical unit surrounded by impressive mountains and hills.[2] Kosovo’s location in the centre of the Balkan Peninsula defi-nes itself as the crossroad of important terrestrial routes, crossing from Northern and Central Europe towards South and West Euro-pe.[3] The Kosovo’s relief, taken in general, is a mountainous one. Kosovo does have agricultural land, which is generally arable, considerable forest land, large water bodies, flora and fauna rich areas, and considerable ground resources.[4]These and other resources Kosovo is endowed with represent the key supporting factors of Kosovo’s development, current and future. In fact, as any other country, Kosovo is also characterized by limiting elements in terms of extent of natural resources that may be available for utilization.As it is widely known, in conditions of free market economy and privatization, possibilities of ensuring a proper planning for the utilization of all natural resources available are considerably relative. Setting from the fact that there are no inexhaustible resources, it is necessary that relevant mechanisms are in place and authority to undertake all possible measures to provide for a diligent and rational utilization thereof. To achieve such a goal, modern countries, including Kosovo, have passed relevant laws. Setting from such terms, this article aims to present the current situation of Kosovo in terms of legal norms on utilization of natural resources it is endowed with.[1] Kosovo, an encyclopaedic view, Tirana, 1999, pg. 7.[2] Kosovo, a short history, Noel Malcolm, Tirana, 2001, pg. 1.[3] Kosovo, an encyclopaedic view, Tirana, 1999, pg. 8.[4] Ibid, pgs. 26-44.
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Ayala Rodríguez, Ida María, and Iraida Thalia Almaral Cereijo. "Deconstruccionismo de la heroína de la novela The Grand Sophy escrita por Georgette Heyer." Sincronía XXVI, no. 82 (June 1, 2022): 536–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxvi.n82.25b22.
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Jane Austen has become one of the English writers whose legacy continues to be admired two hundred years after the publication of her novels. She possessed a unique style and view of the English upper class, and her ironic settings and characters introduce readers to a vivid description of the daily lives of her heroines. Austen's influence in modern times made it possible for other women writers to emerge not only through Regency novels, but also through other literary genres, as is the case of Georgette Heyer, one of her literary heiresses or simply a contemporary admirer. Methods such as the historical-logical method, text analysis and analysis-synthesis contributed to this research. The main character of The Grand Sophy is analyzed through literary analysis from a deconstructionist approach. This article presents a study of the characteristics of Modernism and Postmodernism, a biography of Georgette Heyer, a comparison between Heyer and Austen, as well as a study of Deconstruction Theory. The comparative analysis of both novels demonstrates that Sophy is a deconstruction of the character of Emma from the eponymous novel written by Jane Austen.
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Pokhrel Ghimire, Sita, Ashima Ghimire, Gauri Shankar Jha, Manisha Chhetry, and Mahanand Kumar. "Feto-Maternal outcomes in Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Centre in Eastern Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 5, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v5i1.15749.
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Background Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has poor feto-maternal outcomes. To date there has been sparse publications regarding impact of intrahepatic cholestasis in feto-maternal outcomes in our setting. Therefore, we aimed to study the feto-maternal outcome in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.Material and Methods A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal from 1st January 2014 to 30th December 2015 in women who presented with pruritus in third trimester of pregnancy and having deranged liver function tests. All the cases were followed from admission to discharge. Socio-demographic, clinico-laboratory profile and feto-maternal outcomes were recorded in a preformed structured proforma. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data.Results Among 6,780 women admitted for delivery, 80 had cholestasis of pregnancy with incidence of 1.15%. 83% were of 18-35 years and 65% were primigravida. Most distressing symptom was generalized pruritus (75.0 %). The cesarean delivery rate was 46.25% and labor induction rate was (47.5%). Fetal complications were seen in majority of cases that included meconium aspiration syndrome 26 (32.5%), intrapartum fetal distress 21 (26.25%) and requirement of: intensive care 38 (48.75%). There were 7 perinatal and 3 neonatal deaths.Conclusion Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy seems fairly common among pregnant women. It may be responsible for a large number of perinatal and neonatal deaths especially after 36 weeks of gestation. A large prospective study is needed to address the problems in time.Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 20-25
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Težak, Katja. "Adverbials of Time, Time Expressions and Tense Shifts in Alice Munro’s “Dance of the Happy Shades”." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 19, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.19.1.93-106.
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Alice Munro, the first female Canadian to have been awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, is a literary challenge and delight for the reader also with regards to the usage of references to time and their linguistic construction. Her literary work comprises short stories and one novel, which can more accurately be described as a short story cycle. She takes interest in everyday, small-town life and the human relationships in it, all described in concise, down-to-earth language. The settings in most of her stories are limited communities in a typically Canadian context. This paper deals with her short story “Dance of the Happy Shades” from the collection of the same name (1968), and focuses on a stylistic analysis of time expressions, tense shifts and adverbials of time. Munro has been praised for constructing moods of familiarity, home and small-town safety. The paper attempts to show that she achieves this not solely through the plot and themes, but also with the meticulous care with which she uses time expressions, time adverbials and tense shifts.
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Yadav, Kumari Ragani, Ganesh Kumar Singh, Sujit Bhattacharjee, and Kewal Shrestha. "Study of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Species in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 8, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v8i2.26743.
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Background: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species are most common ESBL producers and associated with UTI in both community and hospital setting, often limiting the treatment therapy of UTI. Aim of present study was Isolation and Identification of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella Species in urine sample from cases of UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Nobel Medical College with effect from October 2018 to June 2019 after approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of the college as per clinical laboratory standards institute of (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: Out of total 2567 urine samples, 631(24.5%) samples showed microbial growth. Among which E. coli was 288(45.6%), Klebsiella species were 20(31.5%), other gram-negative bacteria were 158(25%), gram positive bacteria were 114(18%) and fungus 51(8%) were recovered. Out of 631 culture positive urine samples, 308 urine samples were positive for E. coli/K. species 288(93.5%)/20(42.5%) respectively. Among which ESBL isolates were 213(69%) and non ESBL isolates were 95(31%). All ESBL producing E. coli and K. species were found (100%) sensitive to meropenem. Similarly, among other antibiotics also showed increased susceptibility towards the piperacillin/tazobactum (97.2%),cefoperazone/sulbactum (94.4%) and amikacin (93.0%).
Conclusion: The highest numbers of ESBL producers E. coli and K. species from urine sample are increasing day by day and creating serious problem in treating patients in Nepal. So it should be mandatory and very essential to have routine monitoring system to detect the ESBL producing isolates in clinical laboratories.
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SH, Behera. "A Review on Novel Corona Virus SARS-CoV-2 and its Ocular Manifestations." Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology 5, no. 2 (August 11, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajo-16000195.
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A novel coronavirus (nCoV) pandemic named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, spread in almost all continents, countries, territories across the world and became a threat to human population. Some reports of ocular infections along with respiratory infection in the patients of COVID-19 were also reported during this pandemic. The ocular manifestation of this virus has not completely been established yet; hence more research is needed to confirm the association of SARS-CoV-2 with ocular infections. However few reports have already been published about the association of corona virus infections in various animals. Clinical symptoms such as conjunctivitis, retinitis, and anterior uveitis are documented in feline and murine models, which on diagnosis were proved due to the corona virus infections. In this review article, some evidences of the association of SARS-CoV-2 with ophthalmic infections in the current pandemic and some published reports of corona virus infections in some animals has been briefly highlighted. Simultaneously we have tried to explain briefly about some research ideas that may establish the ocular association of this virus. We have also tried to suggest some new visitor’s policies in ophthalmic settings and some preventive measures those can be obeyed by an Ophthalmologist and other associated staffs during consultation to prevent themselves and to break spread of infections. We hope that, this article will inspire some researchers and Ophthalmologists to establish the exact pathophysiology behind the SARS-CoV-2 infections in ocular system.
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GRANVILLE, JOHANNA. "RECENT LITERATURE ON SOVIET HISTORY Redefining Russian society and polity. By Mary Buckley. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. xviii+346. £13.50. ISBN 0-813-31580-8. A social history of twentieth-century Russia. By Vladimir Andrle. London: Edward Arnold, 1994. Pp. xi+289. £14.99. ISBN 0-390-52510-0. An economic history of the USSR, 1917–1991. By Alec Nove. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. £9.99 (paperback). ISBN 0-140-15774-3. A history of the peoples of Siberia: Russia's north Asian colony, 1581–1990. By James Forsyth. London: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Pp. xx+455. £19.95. ISBN 0-521-47771-9. Stalin's Cold War: Soviet strategies in Europe, 1943 to 1956. By Caroline Kennedy-Pipe. Manchester; Manchester University Press, 1995. £40. ISBN 0-719-04202-X." Historical Journal 41, no. 2 (June 1998): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98007900.
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On 16 October 1997 at a forum at the Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University in Houston, Mikhail Gorbachev received the Enron Prize for Public Service. Former secretary of state James Baker credited Gorbachev for ‘setting the USSR on the irreversible path to freedom’. Because of Gorbachev's ‘tremendous political courage’, Baker claimed, millions of people enjoyed freer, more prosperous lives. But millions of Russians do not approve of what Gorbachev did, would deny him the Enron and Nobel Prizes, and mark him a villain because he caused the unravelling of the USSR and Warsaw Pact and because their lives are less prosperous in today's Russia.To understand why a policy (like Gorbachev's glasnost) succeeded or failed, one has to look at its social impact. Rarely are policies carried out exactly as the policymaker envisioned. Although the five titles reviewed in this article vary in their focus and geographical scope, most tend to emphasize Soviet and Russian policy implementation, as opposed to the initial decision-making process.
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Goracci, Martina, Ymera Pignochino, and Serena Marchiò. "Phage Display-Based Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy." Molecules 25, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040843.
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Phage display is a nanotechnology with limitless potential, first developed in 1985 and still awaiting to reach its peak. Awarded in 2018 with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the method allows the isolation of high-affinity ligands for diverse substrates, ranging from recombinant proteins to cells, organs, even whole organisms. Personalized therapeutic approaches, particularly in oncology, depend on the identification of new, unique, and functional targets that phage display, through its various declinations, can certainly provide. A fast-evolving branch in cancer research, immunotherapy is now experiencing a second youth after being overlooked for years; indeed, many reports support the concept of immunotherapy as the only non-surgical cure for cancer, at least in some settings. In this review, we describe literature reports on the application of peptide phage display to cancer immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss three main outcomes of this procedure: (i) phage display-derived peptides that mimic cancer antigens (mimotopes) and (ii) antigen-carrying phage particles, both as prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines, and (iii) phage display-derived peptides as small-molecule effectors of immune cell functions. Preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy and vast potential of these nanosized tools, and their clinical application is on the way.
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Ghimire, R. H., A. Ghimire, B. Bista, S. Yadav, and R. K. Shreewastav. "Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Follow up Treatment Outcome in a Tertiary Care Center of Eastern Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i3.49225.
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Background Spontaneous pneumothorax is not an uncommon medical emergency in pulmonary practice. Related data are not available in our setting. In emergency departments, clinical presentation is often confused with other cardiopulmonary problems. Follow up outcome is important for better patient care.
Objective To study clinical profile and outcome after non surgical intervention in a tertiary care center.
Method This was a prospective observational study carried out in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar over last 3 years. We enrolled consecutive spontaneous pneumothorax patients over 15 years of age. Each data related to individual patients were collected in predefined proforma. To study follow up outcome of management, we used OPD attendance or if not possible took, at least two telephone numbers from the patients. All patients were followed for recurrences. Data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software.
Result Over the last 3 years, we enrolled 65 spontaneous pneumothorax patients. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax was more common (92.3%). Commonest presentations were acute pleuritic chest pain (92.3%), dyspnea (84.62%) and cough (92.3%). COPD (46.14%), PTB sequelae (15.38%), bronchiectasis (23.07%) and bullous lung disease (23.07%) were common risk factors. Tube thoracostomy (95.38%) with pleurodesis with iodopovidone (84.61%) led to lung expansion in 92.3% cases. During follow up, only 4.61% had recurrences of pneumothorax. There was one mortality.
Conclusion Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common pulmonary emergency. Meticulous and careful assessment of the patients may help reach the diagnosis even in primary care setting. Tube thoracostomy followed by pleurodesis with iodo-povidone suffices in most circumstances leading lower future recurrences.
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Mishra, Shweta, Debashree Das, Adarsh Sahu, Ekta Verma, Shailendra Patil, Ram Kishore Agarwal, and Asmita Gajbhiye. "Electronegativity in Substituted-4(H)-quinazolinones Causes Anxiolysis without a Sedative-hypnotic Adverse Reaction in Female Wistar Rats." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524920666191220112545.
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Objectives: In the current study, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacology of quinazolinone tethered with aromatic (3a-3i) and heteroaromatic substitution (3j, 3k, and 3l) as effective anxiolytic agents are reported. Background: Anxiety and depression are often comorbid with neurological as well as other medical maladies. Clinically known anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines) are accompanied by untoward sedation and other CNS depressive actions. The quinazolinone moiety is a privileged pharmacophore with a wide pharmacological spectrum. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and neuropharmacological evaluation of some 2-substituted quinazolinone derivatives are reported. Methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized using 1H-NMR and TLC analysis. Behavioral analysis was performed using EPM (Elevated Plus Maze), OFT (Open Field Test), PIST (Pentobarbital Induced Sleep Test), FST (Forced Swim Test) and PCPA (p-chlorophenyl alanine) bioassay. To further justify the therapeutic claim, systemic and neurotoxicological analysis of the most potent members of the series was performed using OECD mandated protocols. The studies showed that the compounds had a wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg and >500 mg/kg LD50 and NOAEL, respectively. Results: The compounds with an electronegative group in the quinazolinone nucleus (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) induced anxiolysis devoid of sedative adverse reaction. Besides, anti-depressant efficacy of 3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c observed in rodents was a result of a decrease in anxiety level. It was found that the neurotoxicology of the potent members (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c) advocated their wide therapeutic window with >1000 mg/kg LD50 and >5000 mg/kg NOAEL. Conclusion: Our findings of behavioral bioassays revealed that inducing an electronegative group into the quinazolinone nucleus yielded the most potent members of the series (3f, 3e, 3d, and 3c). The said compounds were found to produce anxiolysis and anti-depressive action without sedative-hypnotic side effects in rodent models. In summary, it can be stated that extending the studies in a clinical setting would furbish the contours of current anxiolytic therapy, especially in anxiety comorbid with medical maladies.
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Verma, Shrikant, Mohammad Abbas, Sushma Verma, Syed Tasleem Raza, and Farzana Mahdi. "THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION." Era's Journal of Medical Research 7, no. 2 (December 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2020.33.
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A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.
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Yadav, S. K., S. K. Agrawal, S. K. Singh, A. Giri, G. K. Singh, R. Ghimire, A. G. Stewart, K. L. Show, and F. L. Moses. "Antimicrobial resistance in neonates with suspected sepsis." Public Health Action 11, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.21.0038.
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SETTING: Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.OBJECTIVE: To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and hospital exit outcomes in neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).DESIGN: This hospital-based cohort study was conducted to follow patients from January to December 2019. All identified cases of suspected sepsis were enlisted from hospital records.RESULTS: Sepsis was suspected in 177 (88%) of the 200 cases admitted in the NICU; 52 (29%) were culture-positive. Pseudomonas was the predominant organism isolated (n = 40; 78%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 23%). Nine (17%) of the 52 isolates were resistant to the Access and Watch group of antibiotics, including some resistance to Reserve group drugs such as imipenem and linezolid. Most treated cases (n = 170, 96%) improved, although 7 (4%) left against medical advice.CONCLUSION: Most of the pathogens were resistant to WHO Access and Watch antibiotics and occasional resistance was observed to Reserve group drugs. Most sepsis was caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Improving turnaround times for antibiotic sensitivity testing using point-of-care testing, and a greater yield of culture-positive results are needed to enhance the management of neonatal sepsis.
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Maria-Andreea, Micu, and Emese Orban. "Nuclear magnetic resonance: actualities and perspectives." Medic.ro 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/med.142.4.2021.5416.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a complex physical process based on the interaction of protons in an electromagnetic field, the most well-known and widespread application in medical-clinical and medical-surgical field being nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Considering the interdependent relationship between research in scientific fields that are closely related to medicine and the medical world, it is particularly important to be aware of the existence of other applications of the physical process mentioned before: diffusionometry, relaxometry and MRI spectroscopy. These are well-known and studied research entities, but their applicability in the clinical diagnostic process is still limited, despite the huge potential to provide a much broader and more detailed perspective on various biological tissues in vitro, but even in vivo. We want to review the evolution of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography or imaging, which has gone from being a Nobel Prize-winning idea to one of the most widespread and useful methods of non-invasive and non-irradiating medical imaging, but especially an example of the feasibility of diffusionometry, relaxometry, respectively MRI spectroscopy in a medical setting, through global studies on their potential diagnosis in areas such as oncology, neurology, endocrinology and others.
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Ricci, P. F., and T. R. MacDonald. "Hormesis and precaution: the twain shall meet." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 11 (November 2007): 877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107083413.
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Regulatory focus on quantifying risk of disease or death from exposure to hazardous substances via monotonic dose—response models has downplayed or even rejected potential benefits to human health from exposures to low (sub-threshold) doses, and thus represented by either U-shaped or J-shaped models. On the other hand, most environmental health policy hypothesizes, without firm evidence, that cancer risk is proportional to exposure at low doses of current ambient exposures. An acceptable exposure is determined by either setting a somewhat arbitrary `acceptable' level of risk, such as one in a million excess individual lifetime cancer risk or, in the case of several types of animal toxicological test results, applying multiplicative safety factors to a specific concentration, generally derived from a benchmark dose or NOAEL. This seemingly precautionary approach is questionable in light of much experimental evidence indicating protective effects of exposure at low doses — U-shaped or J-shaped models. We demonstrate that incorporating the possibility of hormesis into regulatory decision-making is precautionary, while use of default results in policy conflicts with precaution. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 877— 889
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Inha, Laura M., Tapio S. Katko, and Riikka P. Rajala. "Improved Water Services Cooperation through Clarification of Rules and Roles." Water 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102172.
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Water services face global challenges, many of which are institutional by nature. While technical solutions may suit several situations, institutional frameworks are likely to vary more. On the basis of constructive research approach and new institutional economics we analyze and illustrate water services and the roles of various water sector actors in Finnish water utility setting using the “soccer analogy” by the Nobel Laureate D.C. North: Institutions are the “formal and informal rules of the game” while organizations are the “players”. Additionally, we assess the Finnish water governance system and discuss issues of scale and fragmentation and distinguish terms water provision and production. Finally, we elaborate the limitations of the soccer analogy to water services through ownership of the systems. According to the soccer analogy, inclusive institutional development requires skillful players (competent staff), team play (collaboration), proper coaching (education), supporters (citizens, media), managers (policymakers), and referees (authorities). We argue that institutional diversity and player/stakeholder collaboration are the foundation for enhancing good multi-level water governance, and that water management, although fragmented, should be seen as a connector of different sectors. For successful outcomes, scientific results should be communicated to public in more common language.
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Kh Mahmud, Payman, Shakhawan M Ali, and Dana Khdr Sabir. "Impacts of novel pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on dental practice: A review of the current literature." Edorium Journal of Dentistry 7, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100040d01pm2020rv.
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The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also for countries around the world. As for April 12, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in almost all the countries around the globe, with a total of 1,696,588 laboratory-confirmed cases and 105,952 deaths. Inhalation or contact with infected droplets is the main rout of disease transmission and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. Fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise are the symptoms of the disease. In most people the disease is mild or asymptomatic but in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities) the disease is fatal because of progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ dysfunction. Urgently infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from further spreading and to help control the epidemic situation. One of the characteristics of dental settings is the risk of cross infection can be high between patients and dental practitioners due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to handling of sharp instruments, saliva, blood, and other body fluids. Staff of dental clinics and hospital plays great roles in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 disease. We strongly recommended all elective and nonessential dental services are immediately must be suspended only emergency treatment should continue with infection control measures during dental practice to block the person-to-person transmission routes in hospitals and dental clinics.
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Bhandari, Buna, Mahesh Bhattarai, Manjul Bhandari, and Nilambar Jha. "Awareness of disease and self care among hypertensive patients attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Nobel Medical College 1, no. 2 (December 29, 2012): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7296.
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Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The prevalence of hypertension has substantially increased during the past four decades. Information on prevalence as well as awareness regarding treatment and prevention of hypertension is scarce particularly in rural settings. The levels of awareness, treatment, and control of HTN vary between different countries and population groups. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the awareness of hypertensive patients about their own disease and self care. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 50 hypertensive patients who were admitted to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) and attended to medical OPD. Data was collected by using interview schedule by face to face interview method. Results: Among 50 hypertensive patients, 56% were aware about meaning of hypertension, 68% symptoms, 34% cause, 62% prognosis, and 62% complication of HTN. Likewise regarding self care, 70% were doing regular follow up, 92% using regular medication, most of them (80%) were not smoker and 84% were non alcoholic, and 74% taking low fat and low salt diet. Conclusion: Study finding reflects many of them (56%) had more than 50% of knowledge about the hypertension and more than half (54%) were giving more than 50% emphasis about their own self care.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7296 Journal of Nobel Medical College (2012), Vol.1 No.2 p.29-35
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Allen, Joshua E., Jo Ishizawa, Wafik S. El-Deiry, and Michael Andreeff. "ONC201 Possesses a Benign Safety Profile at Highly Efficacious Doses in Normal Human Cells and Animal Toxicology Studies." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4812.4812.
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Abstract ONC201 is a small molecule that is being developed as a novel anticancer drug based on its compelling antitumor activity (Allen et al, Sci Transl Med, 2013). ONC201 possesses a mutation-agnostic efficacy profile that is not impaired by oncogenic mutations that commonly drive disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Given the strong apoptotic potential of ONC201 in a variety of human malignancies, there was a potential concern for normal cell toxicity based on historical experience with potent cytotoxic agents. To establish the safety profile of ONC201, a series of studies was conducted with ONC201 in normal human cells at efficacious and exaggerated doses. With respect to cell viability, dose response relationships between normal human fibroblasts and tumor cell lines revealed a similar inflection point at ~2-5 µM that subsequently saturated in all tested cell lines. Interestingly, saturation of the effects occurred at a much higher level of viability reduction in tumor cells as compared to normal cells. Further investigation revealed that ONC201 does not cause any appreciable levels of cell death in normal cells, which are drastically increased in tumor cells, and that the small effect on normal cell viability is transient and reversible. Studying downstream signaling effects in tumor vs normal cells revealed that ONC201 did not induce DR5 in normal cells under conditions that induced DR5 in tumor cells. This differential DR5 induction is explained by recent mechanistic findings with ONC201 that implicate the ER stress response in its antitumor mechanism, which activates CHOP that positively regulates the human DR5 gene as part of the maladaptive response (Ishizawa J et al, ASH 2014). Thus ONC201 induces a strong apoptotic response in tumor cells at doses that do not affect normal cells, which is reflective of an attractive therapeutic window. The lack of cytotoxicity in normal cells was also confirmed in a panel of normal human bone marrow specimens, including examination of normal progenitor cells. The absence of bone marrow toxicity despite extremely high apoptotic activity in refractory primary human lymphoma samples is a unique and compelling feature of ONC201 compared to available clinical agents in this setting. The genotoxic potential of ONC201 was also assessed in normal and tumor human cell lines. Unlike chemotherapy positive controls, ONC201 did not induce gamma-H2AX, the genotoxic stress marker, in tumor or normal cell lines. The lack of genotoxicity in addition to absence of normal cell toxicity exhibited by ONC201 in preclinical studies enables a range of potential therapeutic settings for application, such as pediatric indications as well as adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. To enable translation and confirm the safety profile of ONC201, GLP toxicology studies were conducted in Sprague Dawley rats and beagle dogs with single oral doses of ONC201. Dogs received a single dose of 0, 4.2, 42, or 120 mg/kg by oral gavage, which represents a human equivalent of 0, 125 mg, 1.25 g, and 3.57 g, respectively. Rats received 0, 12.5, 125, or 225 mg/kg ONC201 by oral gavage, which represents a human equivalent of 0, 125 mg, 1.25 g, and 2.25 g, respectively. There were no deaths or dose-limiting toxicities. The only findings that were observed in both rats and dogs occurred at the highest doses tested and were mild and reversible: decreased activity (no indications of anemia), decreased food consumption (weight loss only seen in rats), and salivation. The NOAEL was at least 42 mg/kg in dogs and at least 125 mg/kg in rats. Based on regulatory guidance documents, the starting dose in human clinical trials will be a 125 mg oral dose given once every three weeks, which represents a starting efficacious dose based on preclinical tumor xenograft studies in mice. The strong cytotoxic potential of ONC201 in human cancer cells without compromising safety bodes well for its scalability into clinical settings where traditional therapies are too toxic to be implemented. Disclosures Allen: Oncoceutics: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. El-Deiry:Oncoceutics: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Andreeff:Oncoceutics: Equity Ownership.
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Bagócsi, Tomáš, David Rumpík, Ondřej Křenek, Štěpán Machač, Petr Vrublovský, Jiří Štěpán, Miloš Černý, Nicole Mardešićová, Jiří Dvořák, and Hana Višňová. "A new instrument to personalize ovarian stimulation: results of the CERES study after using a novel gonadotropin – follitropin delta." Česká gynekologie 86, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg202186.
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Overview : Objective: The aim of the study CERES (CzEch REkovelle real life Study) was to gather experience with the use of a novel gonadotrophine, to evaluate the efficacy of follitropin delta in Czech clinical settings and to compare our results with the clinical trial ESTHER-1. Methods: Individualized follitropin delta daily dose in µg based on the patient’s anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and body weight (AMH < 15 pmol/ L: 12 µg/ d; AMH > 15 pmol/ L: 0.10–0.19 µg/ kg/ d; max. 2 µg/ d). Results: A total of 85 women (aged 24–42 years) was included in the study. The average patient’s age was 32.9 years, the average body weight was 67.8 kg, and the mean level of AMH was 23.2 pmol/ L. There were initiated 85 controlled ovarian stimulations with follitropin delta and 84 egg collections. Forty patients (47%) had optimal number of retrieved eggs (8–14), 75 patients (88%) had embryotransfer, 10 patients (12%) had no embryo suitable for transfer, 65 patients had single embryo transfer and 10 patients had 2 embryos for transfer. There were reported 37 clinical pregnancies (43.5% cPR – clinical pregnancy rate), 30 live births (35.3% LBR – live birth rate), 3 (3.5%) early moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndroms (OHSS) and no hospitalization due to the treatment. Conclusion: Individualized ovarian stimulation optimizes ovarian response, maintains treatment efficacy and improves safety by reducing OHSS incidence. The results of the Czech population study are fully comparable with the international, randomized, assessor-blinded trial ESTHER-1. Keywords: follitropin delta – controlled ovarian stimulation – anti-Müllerian hormone – ovarian response – ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome – personalized medicine
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Bhansakarya, Rakina, Gehanath Baral, Shailendra Shrestha, Shanti Subedi, Sita Ghimire, Prajmi Shrestha, and Amar Nath Chaudhary. "Complete Recovery of Renal Function among Obstetric Patients with Acute Kidney Injury at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 244 (December 11, 2021): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.7135.
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Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a rare complication of pregnancy and is associated with high maternal morbidity and mortality. Obstetric factors associated with it are preeclampsia/eclampsia, sepsis, hemorrhage and dehydration. Here, we aim to find out the prevalence of complete recovery of renal function among obstetric patients with acute kidney injury. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021 where obstetric patients who had developed acute kidney injury were included and followed till 6 weeks of diagnosis. Ethical approvalwas obtained from Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital (IRC- NMCTH 437/2020). The convenience sampling method was used. Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of total 66 obstetric patients with acute kidney injury, 45 (68.2%) (57-79.3 at 95% Confidence Interval) had complete recovery of renal function. Rate of renal function recovery in Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 3 acute kidney injury were 19 (90%), 19 (86%) and 7 (58%) respectively. The most common causes of acute kidney injury were Preeclampsia/eclampsia 18 (40%), sepsis 23 (28.8%) and hemorrhage 10 (22.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of complete recovery in obstetric patients with acute kidney injury was similar to findings from other studies done in similar settings.
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Rakitskiy, Valerii N., Elena G. Chkhvirkia, Darya I. Miroshnikova, Natalya N. Belyaeva, and Marina V. Vostrikova. "Actual problems of hygiene and toxicology of pesticides based on glyphosate." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 10 (October 23, 2022): 1233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1233-1239.
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Introduction. For several decades, glyphosate has been one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but the safety of glyphosate and its commercial formulations is still controversial. Materials and methods. The parameters of acute oral and dermal toxicity of glyphosate in rats have been established. An irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes (rats, rabbits), a sensitizing effect on guinea pigs were studied. To establish the degree of damaging effect on the body during its long-term administration, there was made a study of the chronic effect of glyphosate acid and specially prepared soybeans at doses of 0, 0.15, 20, 200, 2000 and 20,000 ppm. The toxic effect was judged by changes in integral, hematological, biochemical and physiological parameters. After 12 months from the beginning of the experiment, pathomorphological studies of animals of all groups were performed. There was performed a complete necropsy of the bodies of rats. Results. Based on the results of the studies, the parameters of toxicity and hazard class were established, according to the hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals (MP 1.2.0235-21 dated February 15, 2021) of glyphosate acid when exposed to the body of warm-blooded animals. Limitations. When setting the parameters of glyphosate acid toxicometry, the intragroup number of rats was 6-8 animals, depending on the tasks being solved, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. Based on studies performed on laboratory animals, the maximum inactive level (NOEL) of glyphosate is confirmed to be 100 mg/kg body weight, which corresponds to 2000 mg/kg feed (ppm). The foregoing indicates that the dose of 2000 ppm is much higher than the MRLs of glyphosate in soy at the level of 20 ppm (100 times) and 0.15 ppm (more than l3,000 times). Thus, it can be concluded that the maximum allowable level of glyphosate in soy of 20.0 mg/kg does not have a harmful effect and does not represent a real risk to the population.