Academic literature on the topic 'Nodularia spumigena'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Nodularia spumigena.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Nodularia spumigena"
1
Lyra, Christina, Maria Laamanen, Jaana M. Lehtimäki, Anu Surakka, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Benthic cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia are non-toxic, without gas vacuoles, able to glide and genetically more diverse than planktonic Nodularia." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63288-0.
Full textAbstract:
Diversity and ecological features of cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia from benthic, periphytic and soil habitats are less well known than those of Nodularia from planktonic habitats. Novel benthic Nodularia strains were isolated from the Baltic Sea and their morphology, the presence of gas vacuoles, nodularin production, gliding, 16S rRNA gene sequences, rpoB, rbcLX and ndaF genes, and gvpA-IGS regions were examined, as well as short tandemly repeated repetitive sequence fingerprints. Strains were identified as Nodularia spumigena, Nodularia sphaerocarpa or Nodularia harveyana on the basis of the size and shape of the different types of cells and the presence or absence of gas vacuoles. The planktonic strains of N. spumigena mostly had gas vacuoles and produced nodularin, whereas the benthic strains of N. sphaerocarpa and N. harveyana lacked gas vacuoles and did not produce nodularin (except for strain PCC 7804). The benthic strains were also able to glide on surfaces. In the genetic analyses, the planktonic N. spumigena and benthic N. sphaerocarpa formed monophyletic clusters, but the clusters were very closely related. Benthic strains determined as N. harveyana formed the most diverse and distant group of strains. In addition to phylogenetic analyses, the lack of the gvpA-IGS region and ndaF in N. sphaerocarpa and N. harveyana distinguished these species from the planktonic N. spumigena. Therefore, ndaF can be considered as a potential diagnostic tool for detecting and quantifying Baltic Sea bloom-forming, nodularin-producing N. spumigena strains. The data confirm that only one morphologically and genetically distinct planktonic species of Nodularia, N. spumigena, and at least two benthic species, N. sphaerocarpa and N. harveyana, exist in the Baltic Sea.
2
Popin, Rafael Vicentini, Endrews Delbaje, Vinicius Augusto Carvalho de Abreu, Janaina Rigonato, Felipe Augusto Dörr, Ernani Pinto, Kaarina Sivonen, and Marli Fatima Fiore. "Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Natural Products in Nodularia spumigena Isolated from a Shrimp Culture Pond." Toxins 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12030141.
Full textAbstract:
The bloom-forming cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena CENA596 encodes the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of the known natural products nodularins, spumigins, anabaenopeptins/namalides, aeruginosins, mycosporin-like amino acids, and scytonemin, along with the terpenoid geosmin. Targeted metabolomics confirmed the production of these metabolic compounds, except for the alkaloid scytonemin. Genome mining of N. spumigena CENA596 and its three closely related Nodularia strains—two planktonic strains from the Baltic Sea and one benthic strain from Japanese marine sediment—revealed that the number of BGCs in planktonic strains was higher than in benthic one. Geosmin—a volatile compound with unpleasant taste and odor—was unique to the Brazilian strain CENA596. Automatic annotation of the genomes using subsystems technology revealed a related number of coding sequences and functional roles. Orthologs from the Nodularia genomes are involved in the primary and secondary metabolisms. Phylogenomic analysis of N. spumigena CENA596 based on 120 conserved protein sequences positioned this strain close to the Baltic Nodularia. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA genes separated the Brazilian CENA596 strain from those of the Baltic Sea, despite their high sequence identities (99% identity, 100% coverage). The comparative analysis among planktic Nodularia strains showed that their genomes were considerably similar despite their geographically distant origin.
3
Jones, GJ, SI Blackburn, and NS Parker. "A toxic bloom of Nodularia spumigena Mertens in Orielton Lagoon, Tasmania." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 5 (1994): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940787.
Full textAbstract:
A bloom of Nodularia spumigena Mertens occurred in Orielton Lagoon, Tasmania, a shallow, eutrophic coastal embayment, between December 1992 and March 1993. The N. spumigena bloom was preceded by a eustigmatophyte bloom and was followed in March-April 1993 by a bloom of the diatoms Nitzschia closterium (Ehrenb.) Smith and Chaetoceros socialis Lauder. The Nodularia spumigena bloom may have been stimulated by low salinity (15-20 g kg-1) in the lagoon during December and January. Culture experiments with N. spumigena strains isolated from the lagoon showed best growth at salinities between 0 and 24 g kg-1 and less optimal growth at a salinity of 35 g kg-1. Akinete production in culture was positively correlated (P < 0.001) with increasing salinity of growth media. The collapse of the N. spumigena population may have been triggered by decreasing water temperature in March, although this cannot be conclusively proven with the limited physico-chemical data available. High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analyses of bloom samples showed high concentrations (2000-3500 �g g-1 dry weight) of the cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin nodularin in samples collected during the peak of the N. spumigena bloom in January and February. Nodularin content of the bloom decreased as the population declined, owing to the decrease in abundance of N. spumigena and the release of nodularin by dying cells. A culture of N. spumigena isolated from Orielton Lagoon produced nodularin at concentrations comparable to those observed in field samples. A second HPLC peak, eluting very close to nodularin and with a similar ultraviolet spectrum, was observed in some field samples. This compound may be the ADDA-C8 stereoisomer of nodularin.
4
Laamanen, Maria J., Muriel F. Gugger, Jaana M. Lehtimäki, Kaisa Haukka, and Kaarina Sivonen. "Diversity of Toxic and Nontoxic Nodularia Isolates (Cyanobacteria) and Filaments from the Baltic Sea." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4638-4647.2001.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria of the genus Nodularia form toxic blooms in brackish waters worldwide. In addition,Nodularia spp. are found in benthic, periphytic, and soil habitats. The majority of the planktic isolates produce a pentapeptide hepatotoxin nodularin. We examined the morphologic, toxicologic, and molecular characters of 18 nodularin-producing and nontoxic Nodularia strains to find appropriate markers for distinguishing the toxic strains from the nontoxic ones in field samples. After classical taxonomy, the examined strains were identified as Nodularia sp., Nodularia spumigena,N. baltica, N. harveyana, and N. sphaerocarpa. Morphologic characters were ambiguous in terms of distinguishing between the toxic and the nontoxic strains. DNA sequences from the short 16S-23S rRNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS1-S) and from the phycocyanin operon intergenic spacer and its flanking regions (PC-IGS) were different for the toxic and the nontoxic strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences from strains identified as N. spumigena, and N. baltica, and N. litorea indicated that the division of the planktic Nodularia into the three species is not supported by the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences. However, the ITS1-S and PC-IGS sequences supported the separation of strains designated N. harveyana and N. sphaerocarpa from one another and the planktic strains.HaeIII digestion of PCR amplified PC-IGS regions of all examined 186 Nodularia filaments collected from the Baltic Sea produced a digestion pattern similar to that found in toxic isolates. Our results suggest that only one plankticNodularia species is present in the Baltic Sea plankton and that it is nodularin producing.
5
Shoeb, Mohammad. "Chemical and Biological studies of Cyanobacteria." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21888.
Full textAbstract:
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic microalgae which are found in marine, brackish and freshwater environments and in soils. Cyanotoxins including hepatotoxins and neurotoxins are produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in surface water. The most widely studied hepatotoxins are microcystins and nodularin which were first isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa and Nodularia spumigena, respectively. M. aeruginosa and N. spumigena were cultured and extracted with methanol. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of microcystins and nodularin in cultured cyanobacterial fractions were performed by HPLC. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality assay were carried out to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and general toxicity of these fractions, respectively. An unusual metabolite named as nodularinol was isolated for the first time from N. spumigena. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21888 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 119-124, 2014 (December)
6
Krüger, Thomas, S. Mundt, D. Bröker, and B. Luckas. "Dog poisonings caused by Nodularia spumigena." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.856.
Full text
7
Endres, S., J. Unger, N. Wannicke, M. Nausch, M. Voss, and A. Engel. "Response of <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> to <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> – Part 2: Exudation and extracellular enzyme activities." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-567-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The filamentous and diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena plays a major role in the productivity of the Baltic Sea as it forms extensive blooms regularly. Under phosphorus limiting conditions Nodularia spumigena have a high enzyme affinity for dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by production and release of alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, they are able to degrade proteinaceous compounds by expressing the extracellular enzyme leucine aminopeptidase. As atmospheric CO2 concentrations are increasing, we expect marine phytoplankton to experience changes in several environmental parameters, including pH, temperature, and nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of CO2-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and of phosphate deficiency on the exudation of organic matter, and its subsequent recycling by extracellular enzymes in a Nodularia spumigena culture. Batch cultures of Nodularia spumigena were grown for 15 days under aeration with low (180 μatm), medium (380 μatm), and high (780 μatm) CO2 concentrations. Obtained pCO2 levels in the treatments were on median 315, 353, and 548 μatm CO2, respectively. Extracellular enzyme activities as well as changes in organic and inorganic compound concentrations were monitored. CO2 treatment–related effects were identified for cyanobacterial growth, which in turn influenced the concentration of mucinous substances and the recycling of organic matter by extracellular enzymes. Biomass production was increased by 56.5% and 90.7% in the medium and high pCO2 treatment, respectively, compared to the low pCO2 treatment. In total, significantly more mucinous substances accumulated in the high pCO2 treatment, reaching 363 μg Xeq L−1 compared to 269 μg Xeq L−1 in the low pCO2 treatment. However, cell-specific rates did not change. After phosphate depletion, the acquisition of P from DOP by alkaline phosphatase was significantly enhanced. Alkaline phosphatase activities were increased by factor 1.64 and 2.25, respectively, in the medium and high compared to the low pCO2 treatment. We hypothesise from our results that Nodularia spumigena can grow faster under elevated pCO2 by enhancing the recycling of organic matter to acquire nutrients.
8
Endres, S., J. Unger, N. Wannicke, M. Nausch, M. Voss, and A. Engel. "Response of <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> to <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> – Part 2: Exudation and extracellular enzyme activities." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 4 (April 26, 2012): 5109–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-5109-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The filamentous and diazotrophic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena plays a major role in the productivity of the Baltic Sea as it forms extensive blooms regularly. Under phosphorus limiting conditions Nodularia spumigena has a high enzyme affinity for dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by production and release of alkaline phosphatase. Additionally, it is able to degrade proteinaceous compounds by expressing the extracellular enzyme leucine aminopeptidase. As atmospheric CO2 concentrations are increasing, we expect marine phytoplankton to experience changes in several environmental parameters including pH, temperature, and nutrient availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of CO2-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and of phosphate deficiency on the exudation of organic matter, and its subsequent recycling by extracellular enzymes in a Nodularia spumigena culture. Batch cultures of Nodularia spumigena were grown for 15 days aerated with three different pCO2 levels corresponding to values from glacial periods to future values projected for the year 2100. Extracellular enzyme activities as well as changes in organic and inorganic compound concentrations were monitored. CO2 treatment–related effects were identified for cyanobacterial growth, which in turn was influencing exudation and recycling of organic matter by extracellular enzymes. Biomass production was increased by 56.5% and 90.7% in the medium and high pCO2 treatment, respectively, compared to the low pCO2 treatment and simultaneously increasing exudation. During the growth phase significantly more mucinous substances accumulated in the high pCO2 treatment reaching 363 μg Gum Xanthan eq l−1 compared to 269 μg Gum Xanthan eq l−1 in the low pCO2 treatment. However, cell-specific rates did not change. After phosphate depletion, the acquisition of P from DOP by alkaline phosphatase was significantly enhanced. Alkaline phosphatase activities were increased by factor 1.64 and 2.25, respectively, in the medium and high compared to the low pCO2 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that Nodularia spumigena can grow faster under elevated pCO2 by enhancing the recycling of organic matter to acquire nutrients.
9
Jenkins, C. A., and P. K. Hayes. "Diversity of cyanophages infecting the heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia isolated from the brackish Baltic Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 3 (April 10, 2006): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406013439.
Full textAbstract:
A collection of 17 cyanophage isolates able to infect the heterocystous, filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena has been established from the Baltic Sea. These cyanophages have been characterized based on their morphology, cross infectivity and genetic structure. Short fragments (450 bp) of the gene encoding the major capsid protein (g23) were amplified and sequenced from several isolates, and the encoded protein was found to be 99% identical across all the N. spumigena-specific cyanophages tested. These results suggest that the Nodularia-specific cyanophages are very closely related. However, these cyanophages were found to be diverse in terms of their morphology and host range. Cyanophages belonging to two families within the order Caudovirales, Myoviridae and Siphoviridae, were included in the collection of isolates. The cyanophage particles are large in comparison with cyanophages previously isolated from the marine environment, with the largest capsid measuring 127×122×888 nm. Host ranges of the cyanophage isolates varied, some being able to infect up to five genotypically distinct strains of Nodularia spumigena, while others were very specific, infecting only one strain. We conclude that Nodularia-specific cyanophages form a diverse community in surface waters during summer and autumn months and that they may play a role both in the transfer of genetic information between Nodularia lineages and in promoting changes in the genetic structure of the host population.
10
Žula, Aleš, Izabela Będziak, Danijel Kikelj, and Janez Ilaš. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Spumigin Analogues Library with Thrombin Inhibitory Activity." Marine Drugs 16, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16110413.
Full textAbstract:
Spumigins are marine natural products derived from cyanobacteria Nodularia spumigena, which mimics the structure of the d-Phe-Pro-Arg sequence and is crucial for binding to the active site of serine proteases thrombin and factor Xa. Biological evaluation of spumigins showed that spumigins with a (2S,4S)-4-methylproline central core represent potential lead compounds for the development of a new structural type of direct thrombin inhibitors. Herein, we represent synthesis and thrombin inhibitory activity of a focused library of spumigins analogues with indoline ring or l-proline as a central core. Novel compounds show additional insight into the structure and biological effects of spumigins. The most active analogue was found to be a derivative containing l-proline central core with low micromolar thrombin inhibitory activity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nodularia spumigena"
1
Davies, Warren Raymond, and warren davies@optusnet com au. "Effects of the Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena on Selected Estuarine Fauna." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080415.164533.
Full textAbstract:
Nodularia spumigena is an estuarine cyanobacteria that produces the toxin nodularin. This toxic cyanobacteria is known to have caused death to domestic and wild animals and is recognised as dangerous to human health. N. spumigena causes harmful algal blooms in many parts of the world including Australia. The toxic solutes of N. spumigena are potentially dangerous when contact is made to contaminated water bodies or is ingested by primary consumers. In Australia blooms of N. spumigena are common in the Gippsland Lakes in South-eastern Victoria and cause socio - economic hardships to the local communities. This PhD investigates the toxic effects of N. spumigena and its solutes to a range of aquatic life. A method known as SPME - HPLC showed promise in environmental monitoring of N. spumigena toxins by measuring nodularin from water samples. Other research presented study into the lethal and sublethal effects of on an extract from N. spumigena to aquatic fauna. Resu lts showed the N. spumigena extract was not lethal to many aquatic fauna although zooplankton from the Gippsland Lakes showed mortality at environmental relevant levels. Biochemical studies focusing on animal detoxification and antioxidation enzymes and DNA integrity showed sublethal effects to the N. spumigena extract. Results presented in this thesis show that an extract of N. spumigena elicited detoxification and antioxidation responses in animals tested. Furthermore, the use of the COMET assay showed increased damage to DNA of animals tested. Results also showed that different organs in animals tested responded differently to the aqueous extract, suggesting mode of uptake maybe important in toxicosis. Further, feeding studies with N. spumigena help elucidate mode of uptake using enzyme response biomarkers. The overall results of this research provided an assessment of the toxic affects of N. spumigena on aquatic fauna with special reference to the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia.
2
Olofsson, Martin. "The influence of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena on the growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis)." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2318.
Full textAbstract:
Nodularin (NODLN) is a pentapeptide produced by the filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena that is a bloom-forming species in the Baltic Sea. NODLN is an intracellular hepatotoxin, which can have a negative effect on aquatic life including fish. Toxins are released into the water when cells are lysing, e.g. during a decaying bloom. N. spumigena filaments have previously been shown to have a negative effect on perch egg development and perch larval survival. Coastal fish such as perch (Perca fluviatilis) have suffered from recruitment problems in the Baltic Sea the last decades. However, little is known about the impact of toxic cyanobacteria on juvenile perch. In the autumn of 2007, 1+ perch were exposed, during 29 days to either whole live cells (WC) or a crude extract (CE) of broken N. spumigena cells. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the aquaria were 50 µg L -1. Perch were fed chironomidae larvae twice a day. Unexposed perch either fed (CoF) or without food (Co) served as controls. Length and weight of perch were measured at onset and termination of experiment. NODLN content was measured in N. spumigena filaments, crude extract and perch liver samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Total lipids (TL) were extracted and quantified from whole-body lyophilised perch excluding livers. No significant differences for length and weight of perch were found between treatments and fed control. NODLN was detected in the crude extract samples, while no NODLN was detected in the perch livers. Moreover TL determination revealed no significant differences between treatments and fed control. Nodularia spumigena did not affect perch in this experiment, probably due to that the critical period of the first year for the perch was exceeded. Therefore, 1+ perch was not as susceptible to the cyanobacterium as eggs, larvae and younger juveniles of fish found in the literature. Perch liver did not contain NODLN, thus either the toxin was detoxicated with no recorded energetic cost or it was not ingested. The variables studied here did not show any effects of NODLN. However, other chemical methods such as enzymatic activity may disclose effects of NODLN.
3
Waack, Julia. "Uptake and depuration of cyanotoxins in the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2447.
Full textAbstract:
Cyanobacteria produce a variety of secondary metabolites which possess amongst others antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Being primary producers they are also a vital component within the food web. However, certain strains also produce toxic metabolites such as the hepatotoxins microcystin (MC) and nodularin (NOD). Their toxicity in combination with the increasing global occurrence has resulted in a drinking water guideline limit of 1 μg L-1 being issued by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, these toxins are not only present in water, but can be accumulated by fish and shellfish. Currently, no regulations regarding cyanotoxin contaminated seafood has been established despite similar toxicity to routinely monitored marine toxins such as domoic acid (DA). To facilitate regular monitoring, a high performance liquid chromatography photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis method for the detection of DA was optimised to enable the simultaneous detection of DA and nine cyanotoxins. This method was then utilised to determine cyanotoxin concentration in laboratory cyanobacteria strains. To assess the accumulation and depuration of cyanotoxins in the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis, three feeding trials were performed. During these, mussels were exposed to two cyanobacteria strains, Nodularia spumigena KAC66, Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813, both individually and simultaneously. A rapid dose dependent accumulation of cyanotoxins was observed with maximum concentration of 3.4 -17 μg g-1 ww accumulated by M. edulis, which was followed by a much slower depuration observed. During the final feeding trial, with N. spumigena KAC 66 and M. aeruginosa PCC7813, cyanotoxins were still detectable following 27 days of depuration. Mortality in all studies was 7% or less indicating that most mussels were unaffected by the maximum dose of 480 μg L-1 NOD (feeding study 1), 390 μg L-1 MC (feeding study 2), or 130 μg L-1 total cyanotoxins (feeding trial 3), respectively. Mortality in negative control tanks was lower throughout all three feeding trials ( < 1 - 2.6%). Consumption of a typical portion size (20 mussels) would result in ingestion of cyanotoxins at levels significantly higher than the WHO recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2.4 μg NOD and/or MCs for a 60 kg adult. This value was exceeded not only during the exposure period (maximum levels 270 - 1370 μg cyanotoxins per 20 mussels), but also at the end of the depuration period 39-600 μg cyanotoxins per 20 mussels. These results illustrated that cyanotoxin monitoring of seafood should be considered not only during, but also following bloom events. In an attempt to investigate the cyanotoxin budget of the experimental system, not only mussels, but cyanobacteria cultures, the tank water, and the mussel faeces were also analysed for their cyanotoxin content. Results showed that large quantities of MCs and NOD were unaccounted for during all exposure trials. The combined effect of cyanotoxin metabolism in M. edulis, biotic and/or abiotic degradation, protein binding, and losses during the extraction and analysis were thought to have contributed to the unaccounted cyanotoxin fraction. Mussel flesh was analysed for the presence of glutathione or cysteine conjugates, however, there was no evidence of their occurrence in the samples tested. Due to these discrepancies in the toxin budget of the system, the introduction of correction factors for the analysis of cyanotoxins in M. edulis was suggested in order to protect the general public.
4
McCulley, B. Eric. "Factors Affecting the Toxic Cyanobacteria Nodularia Spumigena in Farmington Bay of Great Salt Lake, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4014.
Full textAbstract:
Farmington Bay of Great Salt Lake receives a significant amount of the nutrient-polluted runoff from Salt Lake and Davis Counties, Utah. This nutrient-laden runoff has led to seasonal blooms of blue-green algae, Nodularia spumigena, which produce a toxin called nodularin that has been shown to be toxic to aquatic organisms, birds, and mammals. Nodularia spumigena are the most common algae found in Farmington Bay. This study focused on understanding the physical and chemical factors controlling the growth of Nodularia spumigena in order to improve our knowledge about how nutrients impact algae in the Great Salt Lake. The salinity of the bay ranged from almost fresh water (less than 0.2%) to water twice as salty as the sea (7.0%). Nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels were high in the bay, and showed patterns of change from south to north. Nodularia spumigena was found in concentrations that greatly exceeded the World Health Organization’s standards for contact recreation. Laboratory studies suggest that nutrients and salinity are significantly correlated with levels of Nodularia spumigena from Farmington Bay. In combination with complex ecosystem interactions, nutrients and salinity in Farmington Bay apparently contribute to the high levels of Nodularia spumigena that we measured.
5
Helmersson, Katarina. "Effects of Microplastic Leachates on Phytoplankton : A Laboratory Study on Nodularia spumigena and Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79453.
Full text
6
Popin, Rafael Vicentini. "Análise genômica e funcional da Nodularia spumigena CENA596 formadora de florações em tanques de produção de camarões." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-18102017-082750/.
Full textAbstract:
Nodularia spumigena é uma espécie cianobacteriana conhecida como produtora da hepatotoxina nodularina. Essa cianotoxina é uma potente e irreversível inibidora de proteínas fosfatases da família serina/treonina (PP1 e PP2A) de células eucarióticas e é uma promotora tumoral e suspeita carcinogéna. Além da nodularina, a N. spumigena também é produtora de outros peptídeos não ribossômicos, tais como espumiginas, aeruginosinas e anabaenopeptinas. O primeiro relato de N. spumigena formadora de florações no Brasil ocorreu em 2011 em tanques de produção de camarões no Rio Grande, RS, e estimulou o interesse na obtenção de informações sobre o seu genoma e potencial biossíntético. Dessa forma, a objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos genômicos e funcionais da linhagem Nodularia spumigena CENA596 isolada de um tanque de produção de camarões de Rio Grande. Para isso, uma cultura da linhagem N. spumigena CENA596 foi submetida a um tratamento com hipoclorito de sódio (2%) para eliminação de contaminantes e o DNA extraído das células tratadas foi sequenciado na plataforma MiSeq e analisado com ferramentas genômicas. O sequenciamento e a montagem do seu genoma originaram 291 sequências contíguas com percentual GC de 41,19 e tamanho total de 5.189.679 pb. A análise filogenética baseada na sequência do gene que codifica o 16S rRNA agrupou a linhagem CENA596 com outras de N. spumigena da Austrália e América do Norte. Na árvore filogenômica construída com as sequências concatenadas de 31 proteínas, a linhagem brasileira CENA596 agrupou-se com valor de reamostragem de 100% com a N. spumigena CCY9414 originária do mar Báltico. As análises comparativas entre os genomas dessas duas linhagens indicaram um grande número de genes compartilhados, os quais estão relacionados principalmente ao metabolismo primário das células. Por outro lado, foram encontrados genes específicos para cada uma delas que estão envolvidos em respostas celulares a estresses oxidativos, patógenos e antibióticos. A mineração do genoma da N. spumigena CENA596 revelou 13 agrupamentos gênicos hipoteticamente relacionados à síntese de metabólitos secundários, a maioria dos quais mostrou similaridade significativa com agrupamentos conhecidos. As análises químicas confirmaram a produção de duas variantes de nodularina, espumigina, namalida, aeruginosina e aminoácidos tipo micosporina, e uma variante de geosmina. A linhagem brasileira N. spumigena CENA596 mostrou-se capaz de produzir uma variedade significante de moléculas bioativas e seu genoma revelou-se ser consideravelmente conservado em relação ao genoma da linhagem CCY9414, a qual é conhecida por causar grandes florações tóxicas no Mar BálticoNodularia spumigena is a cyanobacterial species known as a producer of the hepatotoxin nodularin. This cyanotoxin is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of eukaryotic cell serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and is a tumor promoter and suspected carcinogen. In addition to nodularin, N. spumigena is also produces other non-ribosomal peptides, such as spumigins, aeruginosines and anabaenopeptins. The first report of bloom-forming N. spumigena in Brazil occurred in 2011 in shrimp production ponds, Rio Grande, RS, and stimulated interest in obtaining information on its genome and biosynthetic potential. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genomic and functional aspects of the strain N. spumigena CENA596 isolated from a shrimp production pond of the Rio Grande. For this, a culture of the strain N. spumigena CENA596 was submitted to a treatment with sodium hypochlorite (2%) to eliminate contaminants and the DNA extracted from treated cells was sequenced in a platform MiSeq and analyzed with genomic tools. Genome sequencing and assembly resulted in 291 contiguous sequences with GC percentage of 41.19 and total size of 5,187,679 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on the gene sequence encoding the 16S rRNA grouped the strain CENA596 with other N. spumigena from Australia and North America. In the phylogenomic tree constructed with the concatenated sequences of 31 proteins, the Brazilian strain CENA596 grouped with a bootstrap value of 100% with the N. spumigena CCY9414 originating from the Baltic sea. Comparative analyses between the genomes of these two strains indicated a large number of shared genes, which are mainly related to the primary metabolism of the cells. Otherwise, genes specific for each of the two strains were identified as involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress, pathogens and antibiotics. Genome mining revealed 13 gene clusters hypothetically related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, most of which showed significant similarity to known clusters. Chemical analyses confirmed the production of two variants of nodularin, spumigin, namalide, aeruginosin and mycosporine-like amino acid, and one variant of geosmin. The Brazilian strain N. spumigena CENA596 was able to produce a significant variety of bioactive molecules and its genome revealed to be considerably conserved in relation to the genome of the strain CCY9414, which is known to cause large toxic blooms in the Baltic Sea
7
Vintila, Simina. "Functional genomics of the Baltic Sea cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in relation to nitrogen fixation, heterocyst differentiation and toxin production /." Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-29495.
Full text
8
Almesjö, Lisa. "Filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea - spatiotemporal patterns and nitrogen fixation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Systems Ecology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7099.
Full textAbstract:
Summer blooms of filamentous, diazotrophic cyanobacteria are typical of the Baltic Sea Proper, and are dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. and the toxic Nodularia spumigena. Although occurring every summer, the blooms vary greatly in timing and spatial distribution, making monitoring difficult and imprecise. This thesis studies how the spatial variability of Baltic cyanobacterial blooms influences estimates of abundance, vertical and horizontal distribution and N2-fixation. Implications for sampling and monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms are also discussed.
The results of the thesis confirm the importance of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in providing N for summer production in the Baltic Proper. It also highlights the large spatial and temporal variation in these blooms and argues that improved spatial coverage and replication could make monitoring data more useful for demonstrating time trends, and for identifying the factors regulating the blooms. The vertical distribution of Aphanizomenon and Nodularia was found to be spatially variable, probably as a combination of species-specific adaptations and ambient weather conditions. Vertical migration in Aphanizomenon was more important towards the end of summer, and is probably regulated by a trade-off between P-availability and light and temperature.
9
Hameed, Shaista. "Investigation of the production and isolation of bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/841.
Full textAbstract:
Due to heavy nutrient load and adverse climate change the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms have significantly increased during the last decades. Nodularia spumigena is one of the dominant toxic cyanobacteria which produces massive and inherent blooms in brackish water body, the Baltic Sea, particularly in late summer. Nodularia spp. are known to produce nodularins (NOD) and a range of other bioactive peptides such as spumigins and nodulopeptins, all of which have unclear function. In a recent study, three new nodulopeptins with molecular weight of 899, 901 and 917 were characterised from N. spumigena KAC 66. In the present study, N. spumigena KAC 66 was fractionated by reversed phase flash chromatography and their toxicity was determined by their lethality to Daphnia pulex and D. magna along with inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 assay (PP1). All fractions showed lethality to Daphnids and inhibitory activity against PP1, the toxicity was due to additional compounds as NOD and nodulopeptin 901 were only detected in 7 fractions. Pure NOD was lethal to D. pulex and D. magna LC50= 8.4 μg/mL and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The newly characterised nodulopeptin 901 was also tested against D. magna (LC50=>100 μg/mL). NOD and nodulopeptin 901 inhibited PP1 with IC50 0.038 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively. In common with many studies, the maximum amount of NOD was retained within the cells during the seven week growth experiment. In contrast, as much as ~50% of nodulopeptin 901 was detected in the growth media throughout the duration of experiments. To gain further insight on the effects of environmental stress on growth and production of bioactive metabolites in N. spumigena KAC 66, a range of parameters were investigated which included; temperature, salinity, nitrate and phosphorus. In the present study it was investigated that extreme growth conditions have a considerable effect on biomass and toxin levels by N. spumigena KAC 66. The light intensity ranged from 17.35-17.47 μmol/s/m2, 22°C and 11-20 ‰ of salinity were the optimal growth conditions to obtain maximum biomasses, intra and extracellular peptide contents. At 6.5 mg/L nitrate the maximum growth, as indicated by Chl-a and maximum concentrations of intracellular NOD and nodulopeptin 901 were detected found in week 5 and 4, respectively. Temperature had the greatest effect on peptide production. Whilst growth was similar at 22°C, 25°C and 30°C, increase in temperature had a profound effect on NOD production in that an increase from 22°C to 25°C resulted in a 50% decrease in intracellular NOD levels. At 30°C little or no NOD was detected. In contrast, whilst concentrations of nodulopeptin 901 decreased with increasing temperature, they were still detected at consistent levels suggesting they play an important role. The results from phosphate experiment showed Chl-a, cell biomass and peptide production did not show clear dependency on availability of PO-3 4. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of selected environmental parameters on NOD/nodulopeptin 901 production which ultimately may be helpful to explain the distribution, control of natural blooms and toxin levels of N. spumigena in the Baltic Sea and as well as laboratory based experiments. In an attempt further exploit cyanobacterial diversity, 20 strains were isolated from the Dian Lake and 6 from the Dead Sea. The UPLC-PDA-MS analysis of isolates, Microcystis spp. from Dian Lake, China indicated the presence of several peptides namely MC-LR, cyanopeptolin A and aerucyclamides A-D. These new isolates will be examined for biological activity and chemical characterisation in future studies.
10
Bertos-Fortis, Mireia. "Baltic Sea phytoplankton in a changing environment." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57860.
Full textAbstract:
Future climate scenarios in the Baltic Sea project increasing sea surface temperature, as well as increasing precipitation and river runoff resulting in decreased salinity. These changes can severely impact the dynamics and function of brackish water communities, specifically phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are a significant source of organic matter to other trophic levels, and some species can be toxic. Their response to future climate conditions is of great relevance for the health of humans and aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this thesis was to assess the potential for climate-induced changes, such as decreasing salinity, to affect phytoplankton dynamics, physiology and chemical profiles in the Baltic Sea. Phytoplankton successional patterns in the Baltic Proper consist of a spring bloom where diatoms and dinoflagellates co-occur and a summer bloom dominated by filamentous/colonial cyanobacteria. The consensus is that future warmer conditions will promote filamentous/colonial cyanobacteria blooms. This thesis shows that phytoplankton biomass in the spring bloom was lower in years with milder winters compared with cold winters. This suggests that in terms of annual carbon export to higher trophic levels, loss of biomass from the spring bloom is unlikely to be compensated by summer cyanobacteria. High frequency sampling of phytoplankton performed in this thesis revealed a strong relationship between the dynamics of pico- and filamentous cyanobacteria. Large genetic diversity was found in cyanobacterial populations with high niche differentiation among the same species. At community level, high temperature and low salinity were the main factors shaping the summer cyanobacterial composition. These conditions may promote the predominance of opportunistic filamentous cyanobacteria, e.g. Nodularia spumigena. This species produces various bioactive compounds, including non-ribosomal peptides such as the hepatotoxin nodularin. In this work, N. spumigena subpopulations evolved different physiological strategies, including chemical profiles, to cope with salinity stress. This high phenotypic plasticity ensures survival in future climate conditions. Under salinity stress, some subpopulations displayed shorter filaments as a trade-off. This indicates that the future freshening of the Baltic Sea may promote grazing on filamentous cyanobacteria and modify carbon flows in the ecosystem. In this thesis, Baltic N. spumigena chemotypes and genotypes grouped into two main clusters without influence of geographical origin. Thus, chemical profiling can be used to explore conspecific diversity in closely genetically related N. spumigena subpopulations. Overall, this thesis has significantly expanded the knowledge on phytoplankton community and population responses to short- and long-term environmental changes, relevant to project the impacts of future climate conditions in the Baltic Sea.
Book chapters on the topic "Nodularia spumigena"
1
Galat, David L., James P. Verdin, and Lori L. Sims. "Large-scale patterns of Nodularia spumigena blooms in Pyramid Lake, Nevada, determined from Landsat imagery: 1972–1986." In Saline Lakes, 147–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0603-7_14.
Full text