Journal articles: 'NOCs'

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Jermy, Andrew. "Opportunity Nocs." Nature Reviews Microbiology 7, no. 8 (August 2009): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2189.

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Zhang, Guohua, Xiufeng Lian, Yuzhen Fu, Qinhao Lin, Lei Li, Wei Song, Zhanyong Wang, et al. "High secondary formation of nitrogen-containing organics (NOCs) and its possible link to oxidized organics and ammonium." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1469-2020.

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Abstract. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) substantially contribute to light-absorbing organic aerosols, although the atmospheric processes responsible for the secondary formation of these compounds are poorly understood. In this study, seasonal atmospheric processing of NOCs is investigated using single-particle mass spectrometry in urban Guangzhou from 2013 to 2014. The relative abundance of NOCs is found to be strongly enhanced when they are internally mixed with photochemically produced secondary oxidized organics (i.e., formate, acetate, pyruvate, methylglyoxal, glyoxylate, oxalate, malonate, and succinate) and ammonium (NH4+). Moreover, both the hourly detected particle number and the relative abundance of NOCs are highly correlated with those of secondary oxidized organics and NH4+. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the secondary formation of NOCs is most likely linked to oxidized organics and NH4+. Results from both multiple linear regression analysis and positive matrix factorization analysis further show that the relative abundance of NOCs could be well predicted (R2 > 0.7, p < 0.01) by oxidized organics and NH4+. Interestingly, the relative abundance of NOCs is inversely correlated with NH4+, whereas their number fractions are positively correlated. This result suggests that although the formation of NOCs does require the involvement of NH3/NH4+, the relative amount of NH4+ may have a negative effect. Higher humidity and NOx likely facilitates the conversion of oxidized organics to NOCs. Due to the relatively high oxidized organics and NH3/NH4+, the relative contributions of NOCs in summer and fall were higher than those in spring and winter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct field observation study reporting a close association between NOCs and both oxidized organics and NH4+. These findings have substantial implications for the role of NH4+ in the atmosphere, particularly in models that predict the evolution and deposition of NOCs.Highlights. NOCs were highly internally mixed with photochemically produced secondary oxidized organics NOCs could be well predicted by the variations of these oxidized organics and NH4+ Higher relative humidity and NOx may facilitate the conversion of these oxidized organics to NOCs

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Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, Reza, Mehdi Modarressi, and Hamid Sarbazi-Azad. "The 2D digraph-based NoCs: attractive alternatives to the 2D mesh NoCs." Journal of Supercomputing 59, no. 1 (March 17, 2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11227-010-0410-6.

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Manzoor, Misbah, Roohie Naaz Mir, and Najeeb-ud-Din Hakim. "A Review of Design Approaches for Enhancing the Performance of NoCs at Communication Centric Level." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 22, no. 3 (November 21, 2021): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v22i3.1896.

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As the trend of technology shrinking continues a vast amount of processors are being incorporated in a limited space. Due to this almost half of the chip area in Multi-Processor Systems-on-Chips (MPSoCs) is under interconnections, which pose a big problem for communication. Network-on-Chips (NoCs) evolved as a significant scalable solution for removing wiring congestion and communication problem in MPSoCs. NoCs provide the advantage of customized architecture, increased scalability and bandwidth. NoC is a structured framework where communication is the prime concern. In this review paper we present an overview of research and design approaches in the communication centric areas of NoCs. Here we have tried to discuss and iterate most of the available work done for communication in 2D NoCs. This paper gives the insight of different attributes and performance parameters of NoCs. Further it gives a detailed description of how topology, flow control and routing mechanisms can affect the qualitative aspects (performance) of NoCs. It then explains how various attributes of routing can help in increasing the efficacy of NoCs. Subsequently a brief review of different simulators used for NoCs is given. All of this is provided based on the survey of academic, theoretical and experimental approaches presented in the past. Finally some suggestions for future work are also given.

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Shaofeng, Chen. "Has China's Foreign Energy Quest Enhanced Its Energy Security?" China Quarterly 207 (September 2011): 600–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011000671.

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AbstractIn recent years China's national oil companies (NOCs) have proactively ventured abroad to look for more fossil fuel supply. Despite the divided views on their foreign energy quest, previous studies tend to consider the Chinese government and its NOCs to be a monolithic organism, and explicitly or implicitly presuppose that the Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest could enhance China's energy security. This is, however, an untested hypothesis. To fill the gap, this article assesses the impact of Chinese NOCs' foreign energy quest on the country's energy security. Findings show that the Chinese NOCs have made some progress in their foreign energy quest, which contributes to their coffers and reserves, but that does not mean that China's energy security is greatly enhanced; in particular, the diversity and reliability of China's foreign oil sources are questionable.

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Liu, Dong. "China’s Resource Demand and Market Opportunities in the Middle East: Policies and Operations in Iran and Iraq." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (October 8, 2014): 564–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341318.

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Following rapid economic development, China’s dependence on imported petroleum has been increasing at a pace. In order to prevent an energy shortage that would impede economic development, the Chinese government has come up with a strategy of nocs ‘going out’; this is as an important measure for securing energy safety at the beginning of twenty-first century. However, at a time when nationalization has become widespread among resource-rich countries, the only opportunities for Chinese nocs to implement the ‘going out’ policy are in politically fragile states. Against this background, Iran and Iraq became important ‘going out’ destinations of Chinese nocs. However, the contracts that Chinese nocs have signed with Iran and Iraq are service contracts. That is to say, by signing this kind of contract, the huge investments made by Chinese nocs in Iran and Iraq are not equal to their oil or gas interests and the Chinese nocs are also incapable of ensuring the oil and gas that they produce in both these resource-rich countries are exported to China. As a result, and due to the fact that the needs of the Chinese government with respect to securing stable energy imports, Chinese nocs’ decisions towards investing in Iran and Iraq, as well as the way they manage their projects in these two countries are driven purely by commercial considerations.

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Al-Fattah, Saud M. "National oil companies: business models, challenges, and emerging trends." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c8art2.

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This paper provides an assessment and a review of the national oil companies’ (NOCs) business models, challenges and opportunities, their strategies and emerging trends. The role of the national oil company (NOC) continues to evolve as the global energy landscape changes to reflect variations in demand, discovery of new ultra-deep water oil deposits, and national and geopolitical developments. NOCs, traditionally viewed as the custodians of their country’s natural resources, have generally owned and managed the complete national oil and gas supply chain from upstream to downstream activities. In recent years, NOCs have emerged not only as joint venture partners globally with the major oil companies, but increasingly as competitors to the International Oil Companies (IOCs). Many NOCs are now more active in mergers and acquisitions (M&A), thereby increasing the number of NOCs seeking international upstream and downstream acquisition and asset targets

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Mosafaie, Razieh, and Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan. "Using Dbcupe Topology for NoCs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 2741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.2741.

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In this paper, we introduced dbcube topology for Network-on Chips(NoC). We predicted the dbcube topology has high power and low latency comparing to other topologies, and in particular mesh topology. By using xmulator simulator,we compared power and latency of this topologyto mesh topology. Finally, it is demonstrated that the network has higher power and lower latency than the mesh topology.

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Manevich, Ran, Israel Cidon, avinoam kolodny, and Isask'har Walter. "Centralized Adaptive Routing for NoCs." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 9, no. 2 (February 2010): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2010.17.

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Pullini, Antonio, Federico Angiolini, Srinivasan Murali, David Atienza, Giovanni De Micheli, and Luca Benini. "Bringing NoCs to 65 nm." IEEE Micro 27, no. 5 (September 2007): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2007.4378785.

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Pande, Partha Pratim. "Special Issue on NOCS 2022." IEEE Design & Test 39, no. 6 (December 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2022.3208504.

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Shannon, Meggie, Qendresa Sahiti, and Amy Ornstein. "30 Exploring the lived experience of non-offending caregivers in paediatric abusive head trauma." Paediatrics & Child Health 27, Supplement_3 (October 1, 2022): e15-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxac100.029.

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Abstract Background Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most common cause of death due to physical abuse and despite prevention efforts, the incidence remains largely unchanged. For survivors, there can be multiple adverse health consequences with lifetime costs in the range of millions per child. While studies have focused on both short- and long-term outcomes for children with AHT, little is known about the experience of their non-offending caregivers (NOCs). Objectives To explore the lived experience of NOCs in paediatric AHT, including their perspectives on paediatric practice and prevention strategies. Design/Methods Institutional Research Ethics Board approval was obtained. Recruitment materials were shared through the National Centre on Shaken Baby Syndrome’s email, social media, and presentation at their Family Symposium. Inclusion criteria were North American NOCs in paediatric AHT, who lived with the offender. Using a phenomenological approach, six semi-structured interviews were conducted over Zoom for Healthcare, audio-recorded, transcribed, and rendered anonymous. Transcripts were coded using ATLAS.ti and classified by consensus into major themes and subthemes by the research team. Data collection and analysis continued until saturation was reached. Results All participants reported ongoing, multidimensional impacts of the trauma on their physical and mental health, years after occurrence. Primary themes identified included: (1) NOCs need compassion and support. Among other aspects of their experience, feeling judged and accused by healthcare providers (HCPs), compounded their trauma, (2) NOCs reported varied experiences within healthcare including a perceived lack of AHT knowledge among HCPs, and could be better served by an extension of multidisciplinary supports, (3) NOCs are resilient, devoted, and powerful advocates for their children all while managing negative emotions such as feeling betrayed, guilt and fear for their child’s life, (4) NOCs experienced challenges navigating systems and accessing supports, including financial, geographical and psychosocial barriers, and (5) There was varied exposure to AHT prevention materials, and many felt the stigma associated with AHT limits engagement with the subject, which may be a barrier to prevention efforts. Conclusion NOCs hold a unique and relevant perspective, not previously documented. While further research is required, our findings suggest that by extending compassion to caregivers and accessible multidisciplinary supports, the experience and overall wellbeing of NOCs could be improved. By better addressing the complex needs of NOCs, and increasing knowledge of AHT, HCPs have an opportunity to mitigate the negative impacts of the event and create better outcomes for children.

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Yelisieiev, V., G. Pyvovarov, and K. Herasymenko. "Experience of Implementation of Safety and Normal Operation Control Systems at NPP Units." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 3(71) (August 15, 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2016.3(71).12.

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The paper deals with instrumentation and control (I&C) of safety control systems (ESFAS) and normal operation control systems (NOCS) for NPP units. The research contains: general information on I&C of ESFAS and I&C of NOCS; description of design solutions for ESFAS, NOCS and principles of their implementation in I&C versions, description of basic components for design of I&C of ESFAS and I&C of NOCS. Distinctive features of ESFAS and NOCS I&Cs are the following: possibility to design systems with different number of channels in accordance with the design requirements; higher reliability due to redundant structures, including redundancy of analog-digital units and control drive units; minimization of cabling due to optical interface of data transmission using digital devices for remote control, indication and alarm in MCR (ECR); possibility of single redundant channel maintenance of I&Cs without losing operability; continuous monitoring of equipment of I&Cs, including diagnosing of input discrete signal channels and detection of hidden faults “on demand”.

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Davidsen, Jeanne M., and Craig A. Townsend. "Identification and Characterization of NocR as a Positive Transcriptional Regulator of the β-Lactam Nocardicin A in Nocardia uniformis." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 3 (November 21, 2008): 1066–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01833-07.

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ABSTRACT Nocardicin A is a monocyclic β-lactam isolated from the actinomycete Nocardia uniformis, which shows moderate activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative bacteria. Within the biosynthetic gene cluster of nocardicin A, nocR encodes a 583-amino-acid protein with high similarity to a class of transcriptional regulators known as streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins. Insertional inactivation of this gene resulted in a mutant showing morphology and growth characteristics similar to the wild type, but one that did not produce detectable levels of nocardicin A or the early precursor p-hydroxybenzoyl formate. Similar disruptions of nocD, nocE, and nocO yielded mutants that maintained production of nocardicin A at levels similar to the wild-type strain. In trans complementation of the nocR::apr mutant partially restored the wild-type phenotype. Transcriptional analysis of the nocR::apr mutant using reverse transcription-PCR found an absence of mRNA transcripts for the early-stage nocardicin A biosynthetic genes. In addition, transcription of the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the nonproteinogenic p-hydroxyphenylglycine (pHPG) precursor was attenuated on the nocR disruption mutant. NocR was heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli as an N-terminal maltose binding protein-tagged fusion protein. DNA binding assays demonstrated that NocR is a DNA binding protein, targeting the 126-bp intergenic region between nocF and nocA. Within this intergenic region is the likely binding motif, a direct hexameric repeat, TGATAA, with a 5-bp spacer. These experiments establish NocR as a positive transcriptional regulator of the nocardicin A biosynthetic pathway, coordinating the initial steps of nocardicin A biosynthesis to the production of its pHPG precursor.

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Nabhan, Dustin, David Taylor, Melie Lewis, and Roald Bahr. "Protecting the world’s finest athletes: periodic health evaluation practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees from the 2016 Rio or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games." British Journal of Sports Medicine 55, no. 17 (January 19, 2021): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103481.

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AimTo describe the periodic health evaluation (PHE) practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees (NOCs).MethodsWe sent a survey to NOCs finishing in the top 8 for medal count at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games. The survey included four sections: (1) PHE staff composition and roles, (2) beliefs regarding the PHE, (3) a ranking of risk factors for future injury and (4) details on the elements of the PHE.ResultsAll 14 NOCs with top 8 finishes at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games completed the survey. NOCs included a median of seven staff specialties in the PHE, with physicians and physiotherapists having the highest level of involvement. There was agreement that PHEs are effective in identifying current health conditions (13/14) and that athletes should receive individualised action plans after their PHE (14/14), but less agreement (6/14) that PHEs can predict future injury. The practices of NOCs were diverse and often specific to the athlete population being tested, but always included the patient’s health history, laboratory studies, cardiovascular screening and assessments of movement capacity. The top three risk factors for future injury were thought to be previous injury, age and training experience.ConclusionsAmong the top performing NOCs, the PHE is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary process aimed to identify existing conditions and provide baseline health and performance profiles in the event of future injury. Research linking PHEs to injury prevention is needed.

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Romanov, Aleksandr Y., Nikolay M. Myachin, Evgenii V. Lezhnev, Alexander D. Ivannikov, and Ahmed El-Mesady. "Ring-Split: Deadlock-Free Routing Algorithm for Circulant Networks-on-Chip." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010141.

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This article considers the usage of circulant topologies as a promising deadlock-free topology for networks-on-chip (NoCs). A new high-level model, Newxim, for the exploration of NoCs with any topology is presented. Two methods for solving the problem of cyclic dependencies in circulant topologies, which limit their applications for NoCs due to the increased possibility of deadlocks, are proposed. The first method of dealing with deadlocks is universal and applicable to any topology; it is based on the idea of bypassing blocked sections of the network on an acyclic subnetwork. The second method—Ring-Split—takes into account the features of circulant topologies. The results of high-level modeling and comparison of the peak throughput of NoCs for circulant and mesh topologies using deadlock-free routing algorithms are presented. It was shown that a new approach for routing in circulants (compared to mesh topology) shows up to 59% better network throughput with a uniform distribution of network load.

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Flich, J., and J. Duato. "Logic-Based Distributed Routing for NoCs." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 7, no. 1 (January 2008): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/l-ca.2007.16.

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Oxman, Gadi, and Shlomo Weiss. "Deflection Routing in Hierarchical Mesh NoCs." IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 8, no. 2 (June 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/les.2016.2557353.

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Lu, Zhonghai, and Yuan Yao. "Thread Voting DVFS for Manycore NoCs." IEEE Transactions on Computers 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1506–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2018.2827039.

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Abousamra, Ahmed, Alex K. Jones, and Rami Melhem. "Ordering circuit establishment in multiplane NoCs." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 18, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2500752.

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Petracca, Michele, Benjamin G. Lee, Keren Bergman, and Luca P. Carloni. "Photonic NoCs: System-Level Design Exploration." IEEE Micro 29, no. 4 (July 2009): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2009.70.

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More, Ankit, Vasil Pano, and Baris Taskin. "Vertical Arbitration-Free 3-D NoCs." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 37, no. 9 (September 2018): 1853–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2017.2768415.

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Lee, Daeyeal, Bill Lin, and Chung-Kuan Cheng. "SMT-Based Contention-Free Task Mapping and Scheduling on 2D/3D SMART NoC with Mixed Dimension-Order Routing." ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3487018.

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SMART NoCs achieve ultra-low latency by enabling single-cycle multiple-hop transmission via bypass channels. However, contention along bypass channels can seriously degrade the performance of SMART NoCs by breaking the bypass paths. Therefore, contention-free task mapping and scheduling are essential for optimal system performance. In this article, we propose an SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories)-based framework to find optimal contention-free task mappings with minimum application schedule lengths on 2D/3D SMART NoCs with mixed dimension-order routing. On top of SMT’s fast reasoning capability for conditional constraints, we develop efficient search-space reduction techniques to achieve practical scalability. Experiments demonstrate that our SMT framework achieves 10× higher scalability than ILP (Integer Linear Programming) with 931.1× (ranges from 2.2× to 1532.1×) and 1237.1× (ranges from 4× to 4373.8×) faster average runtimes for finding optimum solutions on 2D and 3D SMART NoCs and our 2D and 3D extensions of the SMT framework with mixed dimension-order routing also maintain the improved scalability with the extended and diversified routing paths, resulting in reduced application schedule lengths throughout various application benchmarks.

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Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Cornelia Blank, Richard Budgett, Andrew Pipe, and Mark Campbell Stuart. "Compliance with needle-use declarations at two Olympic Winter Games: Sochi (2014) and PyeongChang (2018)." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100342.

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ObjectivesWe describe compliance with the ‘IOC Needle Policy’ at two Winter Olympic Games (Sochi and PyeongChang) and compare these findings to those of the Summer Olympic Games of Rio de Janeiro.MethodAll needle-use declaration(s) (NUD) received during the course of the 2014 and 2018 Olympic Games were reviewed. We recorded socio-demographic data, the nature and purpose of needle use, product(s) injected, and route of administration. Data were analysed descriptively.ResultsIn total, doctors from 22 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) submitted 122 NUD involving 82 athletes in Sochi; in PyeongChang, doctors from 19 NOCs submitted 82 NUD involving 61 athletes. This represented approximately 2% of all athletes at both Games, and 25% and 20% of all NOCs participating in Sochi and PyeongChang, respectively. No marked differences in the NUD distribution patterns were apparent when comparing the two Winter Olympic Games. The most commonly administered substances were as follows: local anaesthetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and glucocorticoids. Physicians submitted multiple NUD for 24% of all athletes who required a NUD.ConclusionA limited number of NOCs submitted NUD suggesting a low incidence of needle use or limited compliance (approximately 2%). A key challenge for the future is to increase the rate of compliance in submitting NUD. More effective education of NOCs, team physicians and athletes regarding the NUD policy, its purpose, and the necessity for NUD submissions, in association with the enforcement of the appropriate sanctions following non-compliance are needed.

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Exner, Jan. "Fight against doping, good governance, and education." Sports law, policy & diplomacy journal 1, no. 1 (2023): 45–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/slpdj.1.1.3.

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This paper researches the roles and responsibilities of National Olympic Committees (NOC), especially the Czech Olympic Committee (Czech NOC), in anti-doping education. Good governance is an increasingly important condition of the self-regulatory autonomy of anti-doping organizations (ADO) in the European Union (EU). Moreover, the principles of good governance identified by both, the EU bodies and institutions, and the IOC, cover education. In this context, the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) outlines the educational roles and responsibilities of NOCs. Nevertheless, concrete form and implementation of such roles and responsibilities remain vague and unclear, which may jeopardize NOC’s good governance, integrity, and management in the fight against doping. Therefore, the research objective of this paper is to clarify and establish concrete roles, responsibilities, and strengths of NOCs, particularly the Czech NOC, in anti-doping education. This paper initially reviews the social science research and the existing knowledge on the concrete roles and responsibilities of NOCs. Consequently, it presents the conducted empirical research, employing three main data collection techniques: surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Finally, this paper formulates recommendations and an action plan on how the Czech NOC, and similarly all NOCs, should use their strengths to exercise their roles and responsibilities in anti-doping education effectively and sustainably. It simultaneously suggests how the Czech NOC and other NOCs should plan, implement, and evaluate their education programs to prevent doping in sports and strengthen their good governance in and beyond the EU.

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Moreira, Susana. "Learning from Failure: China's Overseas Oil Investments." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 42, no. 1 (March 2013): 131–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261304200106.

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Thirsty for oil and other raw materials needed to fuel its breakneck development, China is funnelling money and manpower into an expanding number of countries in order to secure access to natural resources. This effort has successfully increased Chinese oil assets overseas but it has also exposed Beijing and Chinese national oil companies (NOCs) to significant risks. The present paper focuses on one type of risk – political risk – and how it has affected China's global quest for oil since 1993. It starts with a brief overview of political risk. It then looks at political risk management as applied to the oil industry in general. The paper continues with a discussion of the political risk management of Chinese national oil companies over time. This includes a concise examination of several instances in which the interests of Chinese NOCs have been undermined due to poor management of political risk. Recent developments suggest that Chinese NOCs are learning from these mistakes and adjusting their strategies accordingly. Still China's own socio-political context continues to hamper the ability of Chinese NOCs to deal with on-the-ground realities that are clearly much more unstable than their own.

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Tochimoto, Eigo, and Hiroshi Niino. "Structural and Environmental Characteristics of Extratropical Cyclones that Cause Tornado Outbreaks in the Warm Sector: A Composite Study." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 945–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0015.1.

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Abstract The structural and environmental characteristics of extratropical cyclones that cause tornado outbreaks [outbreak cyclones (OCs)] and that do not [nonoutbreak cyclones (NOCs)] are examined using the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis dataset (JRA-55). Composite analyses show differences between OCs and NOCs: for OCs, storm relative environmental helicity (SREH) and convective available potential energy (CAPE) are notably larger, and the areas in which these parameters have significant values are wider in the warm sector than they are for NOCs. The larger CAPE in OCs is due to larger amounts of low-level water vapor, while the greater SREH is due to stronger low-level southerly wind. The composite analyses for environmental fields defined by 20-day means suggest that environmental meridional flows have the potential to advect large amounts of warm and moist air northward, creating atmospheric instability in the troposphere that contributes to the occurrence of a tornado outbreak. A piecewise potential vorticity (PV) diagnosis shows that low- to midlevel PV anomalies are the main contributor to the difference in the low-level winds between OCs and NOCs, whereas upper-level PV anomalies make only a minor contribution. An examination of the structures of the extratropical cyclones and the upper-level jet stream suggests that the difference in the low-level winds between OCs and NOCs is due to differences in the structure of the jet stream. The OCs develop when the jet stream displays larger anticyclonic shear. This causes a more meridionally elongated structure of OCs, resulting in stronger low-level winds in the southeastern quadrant of the cyclones.

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Slijepcevic, Mladen, Carles Hernandez, Jaume Abella, and Francisco J. Cazorla. "Time-Randomized Wormhole NoCs for Critical Applications." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 15, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3281029.

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Modarressi, Mehdi, Arash Tavakkol, and Hamid Sarbazi-Azad. "Virtual Point-to-Point Connections for NoCs." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 29, no. 6 (June 2010): 855–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2010.2048402.

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Passas, G., M. Katevenis, and D. Pnevmatikatos. "Crossbar NoCs Are Scalable Beyond 100 Nodes." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 31, no. 4 (April 2012): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2011.2176730.

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Daya, Bhavya K., Li-Shiuan Peh, and Anantha P. Chandrakasan. "Towards High-Performance Bufferless NoCs with SCEPTER." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lca.2015.2428699.

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Bourduas, Stephan, Jean-Samuel Chenard, and Željko Žilić. "A Quality-Driven Design Approach for NoCs." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 25, no. 5 (September 2008): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2008.124.

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More, Ankit, and Baris Taskin. "Locality-Aware Network Utilization Balancing in NoCs." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 21, no. 1 (December 2, 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2743012.

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ValadBeigi, Majed, Farshad Safaei, and Bahareh Pourshirazi. "Application-aware virtual paths insertion for NOCs." Microelectronics Journal 45, no. 4 (April 2014): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2014.02.010.

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35

Xiong, Qin, Fei Wu, Zhonghai Lu, and Changsheng Xie. "Extending Real-Time Analysis for Wormhole NoCs." IEEE Transactions on Computers 66, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 1532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2686391.

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Said, Mostafa, Amin Sarihi, Ahmad Patooghy, Awny M. El-Mohandes, Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy, and Fayez Gebali. "Novel flexible buffering architectures for 3D-NoCs." Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems 29 (March 2021): 100472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100472.

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Manevich, Ran, Israel Cidon, and Avinoam Kolodny. "Design and dynamic management of hierarchical NoCs." Microprocessors and Microsystems 40 (February 2016): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2015.09.004.

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Huang, Letian, Xiaofan Zhang, Masoumeh Ebrahimi, and Guangjun Li. "Tolerating transient illegal turn faults in NoCs." Microprocessors and Microsystems 43 (June 2016): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2016.01.016.

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Binesh Marvasti, Mohammadreza, and Ted H. Szymanski. "An Analysis of Hypermesh NoCs in FPGAs." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 26, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 2643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2360194.

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Pérez, Iván, Enrique Vallejo, and Ramón Beivide. "Efficient bypass in mesh and torus NoCs." Journal of Systems Architecture 108 (September 2020): 101832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2020.101832.

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Louri, Ahmed, and Avinash Kodi. "Special Issue on Network-on-Chips (NoCs)." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 70, no. 1 (January 2010): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2009.10.007.

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Mukherjee, Priyajit, Navonil Chatterjee, and Santanu Chattopadhyay. "Thermal-aware detour routing in 3D NoCs." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 144 (October 2020): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2020.04.010.

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Steedman, Brent. "The rise of the national oil companies and impact on Australia." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08064.

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The oil and gas industry is facing a period of major transition as national oil companies (NOCs) improve their operating capabilities and change their investment models KPMG’s Global Oil and Gas Centre of Excellence has commissioned a report which analyses this changing environment, interviews senior executives from major NOCs to understand their views and offers our insights into emerging issues for the oil and gas industry. NOCs are moving outside their national boundaries, partially privatising their assets and demanding more from potential partners and investors. The key findings from this survey are as follows: the growing capabilities of NOCs the definite shift from the use of ownership to service contracts; the success of service companies; international oil companies are responding to the changing landscape; and, investment in people and skills is a top NOC priority. The potential impact of the above findings on the Australian oil and gas sector are significant, and include: reduced access to international service companies; shortage of skills increased opportunities for Australian service companies; and, increased focus by international oil companies on upstream opportunities in Australia. KPMG’s report was prepared during a period of rising oil prices. Even during the current period of price volatility, the majority of findings continue to be relevant for participants in the oil and gas industry.

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Naylor, Gregory, and Anthony Axon. "Role of Bacterial Overgrowth in the Stomach as an Additional Risk Factor for Gastritis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 17, suppl b (2003): 13B—17B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/350347.

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Gastric bacteria can either be ingested or ascend from the distal bowel; however, their survival is usually limited by gastric acidity and motility. A reduction in gastric acid can result in bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and proximal small bowel, and the number of organisms rises as the intragastric pH rises.The increased risk of noncardia gastric cancer seen in patients with hypochlorhydria may be explained by an excess of nitrites and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). These compounds are found in the diet of populations with a high gastric cancer risk, but can also be produced by the organisms that exist in the hypochlorhydria stomach. It has long been hypothsized that nitrites and NOCs act as one of the triggers in the atrophy-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma path. However, although indirect data have linked the premalignant changes of metaplasia and dysplasia to NOCs, direct measurement of gastric nitrites and NOCs has not confirmed such a link.The role ofHelicobacter pyloriin bacterial overgrowth is mainly as a cause of hypochlorhydria resulting from atrophic gastritis, leading to a reduction in the parietal cell mass.Acid-suppressing drugs can result in bacterial overgrowth and increased nitrites and NOCs, although there is no current evidence for an increased risk of gastric cancer in patients taking them. One explanation is that the stomach appears to be colonized by different organisms than those in patients with hypochlorhydria for other reasons. There is some evidence that bacterial overgrowth per se can cause gastric inflammation in mice; however, although in humans the degree of gastric inflammation is greater when overgrowth is more prominant this may simply reflect the greater degree of hypochlorhydria in patients with a more severe H pylori-induced inflammation.

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Cutler, Robert M. "Chinese Energy Companies’ Relations with Russia and Kazakhstan." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (October 8, 2014): 673–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341323.

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This article concerns Chinese energy relations with Kazakhstan and Russia, surveying the foreign direct investment (fdi) behavior of Chinese National Oil Companies (nocs) in Kazakhstan and Russia. The first section provides a schematic overview of the general development of Chinese fdi strategy and behavior from the disintegration of the Soviet Union up until the present day. It systematically explains how that development occurred in three phases and gives some key indicators for distinguishing among the phases and the transition between successive phases. The second section looks more closely at the fdi strategy and behavior of the Chinese nocs specifically regarding Kazakhstan and Russia, periodizing it according to the first two of the three chronological phases distinguished in the first section. The third section of the article examines still more closely the phenomenon regarding Kazakhstan and Russia from the end of the last decade up until the present day, dividing the third above-mentioned phase into three subphases and inspecting the first two, of which the second is still ongoing. The fourth section of the article evaluates the conduct of Chinese nocs with regard to Kazakhstan and Russia from the standpoint of motives of corporate behavior and comparative incentive structures. The fifth section of the article concludes by introducing some caveats on the basis of a glance at recent behavior with respect to another large resource-rich country, Canada, where Chinese nocs have made massive fdi for some years now, but which has a rather different economic and social structure from Kazakhstan and Russia. The last section of the conclusion also includes a few final comments on the prospects for Chinese energy and Chinese nocs during the remainder of the decade and into the 2020s, on the basis of the analytical framework employed to structure the narrative analysis in the body of the article.

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Khorshidi, Mohammadreza. "Developing Value Proposition for Business Models of National Iranian Oil Companies." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0046.

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Abstract The Value proposition is one of the key aspects of a business model and plays a significant role in any business model. Nowadays, firms could be successful and even could be initiated, only when a value proposition of their business model is clarified precisely. There is a necessity for new studies in order to see whether National Oil Companies(NOCs) are promoting the proper business models that make them competitive. This research analyzes the value proposition and its influence on the NOC’s competitiveness and it supports to deliver the required products and services to their specific market segment and customers. The main objective of this research is to develop a value proposition for the business model of National Oil Companies(NOCs). This could enable firms to be more competitive in the oil industry, especially in the oil supply glut circumstance. In order to achieve this objective, the research methodology is based on the semi-structured interview with the main stakeholders in the oil industry which is NOCs. First, value propositions in the history of oil and gas industry are addressed in almost every decade, then five current or previous managers of National Iranian Oil Company are selected for the semi-structured interview to clarify the current market situation and eventually propose the desired value propositions for the business model of NOCs.

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Berends, Julia E., Lauri M. M. van den Berg, Martina A. Guggeis, Nikki F. T. Henckens, Israt J. Hossein, Minke E. J. R. de Joode, Hossy Zamani, et al. "Consumption of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice with or without Vitamin C Supplementation Increases the Excretion of Urinary Nitrate, Nitrite, and N-nitroso Compounds in Humans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092277.

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Consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) by athletes induces a number of beneficial physiological health effects, which are linked to the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrate. However, following a secondary pathway, NO may also lead to the formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), which are known to be carcinogenic in 39 animal species. The extent of the formation of NOCs is modulated by various other dietary factors, such as vitamin C. The present study investigates the endogenous formation of NOCs after BRJ intake and the impact of vitamin C on urinary NOC excretion. In a randomized, controlled trial, 29 healthy recreationally active volunteers ingested BRJ with or without additional vitamin C supplements for one week. A significant increase of urinary apparent total N-nitroso Compounds (ATNC) was found after one dose (5 to 47 nmol/mmol: p < 0.0001) and a further increase was found after seven consecutive doses of BRJ (104 nmol/mmol: p < 0.0001). Vitamin C supplementation inhibited ATNC increase after one dose (16 compared to 72 nmol/mmol, p < 0.01), but not after seven daily doses. This is the first study that shows that BRJ supplementation leads to an increase in formation of potentially carcinogenic NOCs. In order to protect athlete’s health, it is therefore important to be cautious with chronic use of BRJ to enhance sports performances.

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Nehnouh, Chakib, and Mohamed Senouci. "A New Fault Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Networks on Chip." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 10, no. 3 (July 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2019070105.

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To provide correct data transmission and to handle the communication requirements, the routing algorithm should find a new path to steer packets from the source to the destination in a faulty network. Many solutions have been proposed to overcome faults in network-on-chips (NoCs). This article introduces a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm, to tolerate permanent and transient faults in NoCs. This solution called DINRA can satisfy simultaneously congestion avoidance and fault tolerance. In this work, a novel approach inspired by Catnap is proposed for NoCs using local and global congestion detection mechanisms with a hierarchical sub-network architecture. The evaluation (on reliability, latency and throughput) shows the effectiveness of this approach to improve the NoC performances compared to state of art. In addition, with the test module and fault register integrated in the basic architecture, the routers are able to detect faults dynamically and re-route packets to fault-free and congestion-free zones.

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Tochimoto, Eigo, Kenta Sueki, and Hiroshi Niino. "Entraining CAPE for Better Assessment of Tornado Outbreak Potential in the Warm Sector of Extratropical Cyclones." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 913–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0137.1.

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Abstract Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is known to lack skill in discussing the environments of tornadic and nontornadic storms, or those of tornado outbreaks and nonoutbreaks. In this paper, a composite analysis of extratropical cyclones that caused 15 or more tornadoes [outbreak cyclones (OCs)] and 5 or fewer tornadoes [nonoutbreak cyclones (NOCs)] in the United States in April and May between 1995 and 2012 shows that entraining-CAPE (E-CAPE), which considers the effects of the entrainment of environmental air, is useful in the analysis of the environments of OCs and NOCs. E-CAPE in the warm sector of OCs is larger than that in the warm sector of NOCs (statistically significant at the 95%–99% level). Moreover, the regions with large E-CAPE for both OCs and NOCs are more closely correlated with the locations of tornadoes than those with large CAPE. The larger E-CAPE near the center in the warm sector of OCs is due to greater moisture at low and midlevels that results from advection by strong southerly winds and synoptic-scale ascent, respectively. The composite analysis also shows that E-EHI, E-SCP, and E-STP, for which traditional CAPE used in the energy helicity index (EHI), supercell composite parameter (SCP), and significant tornado parameter (STP) is substituted by E-CAPE, are more strongly correlated with tornado locations than are the original EHI, SCP, and STP, respectively.

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Bonifacie, Aline, Philippe Gatellier, Aurélie Promeyrat, Gilles Nassy, Laurent Picgirard, Valérie Scislowski, Véronique Santé-Lhoutellier, and Laetitia Théron. "New Insights into the Chemical Reactivity of Dry-Cured Fermented Sausages: Focus on Nitrosation, Nitrosylation and Oxidation." Foods 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040852.

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Nitrite and nitrate are added to cured meat for their bacteriological, technological and sensorial properties. However, they are suspected to be involved in the formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs), such as potentially mutagenic nitrosamines, nitrosylheme and nitrosothiols. Controlling the sanitary and sensorial qualities of cured meat products by reducing these additives requires elucidating the mechanisms involved in the formation of NOCs. To this end, we studied the dose-response relationship of added sodium nitrite and/or sodium nitrate (0/0, 80/80, 0/200, and 120/120 ppm) on the formation of NOCs in dry cured fermented sausages. The results showed a basal heme iron nitrosylation in the absence of NaNO2/NaNO3 due to starter cultures. This reaction was promoted by the addition of NaNO2/NaNO3 in the other conditions. Reducing the dose to 80/80 ppm still limits lipid oxidation without the formation of non-volatile nitrosamines. Conversely, the addition of NO2/NO3 slightly increases protein oxidation through higher carbonyl content. The use of 80/80 ppm could be a means of reducing these additives in dry-cured fermented meat products.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NOCs'

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